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This presentation by the Open.Michigan Team provides an introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER), shows several examples, and provides an overview for the Open.Michigan initiative. The presentation also demonstrates the steps involved in creating and sharing your own educational materials as OER.
Citation preview
Go Beyond the Classroom
Enriching Scholarship 6 May 2010
Image from Andrew Scott http://www.flickr.com/photos/andrewscott/2330212397/ under a Creative Commons license: BY-NC-SA http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en
Copyright © 2010 The Regents of the University of MichiganExcept where otherwise noted, this work is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Share your work with the world through Open Educational Resources
what is OER?why OER?open.michigangenerate OER
licenseuseciteshare
group activity
“Openly Licensed?”
comes from the definition...
OER Definition:
“Open educational resources are educational materials and resources offered freely and openly for anyone to use and − under some licenses − to
remix, improve and redistribute.”Wikipedia: OER, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_educational_resources
OER Definition:
“Open educational resources are educational materials and resources offered freely and openly
for anyone to use and under some licenses to remix, improve and redistribute.”
Wikipedia: OER, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_educational_resources
What types of materials can become OER?
• Classroom Materials: including lecture presentations, reading lists, syllabi, etc.
• Websites
• Videos
• Image Collections
• Software
The difference between:Open Course Ware (OCW) and OER.
MIT OpenCourseWare, http://ocw.mit.edu/
OCW focuses on sharing open content that is developed specifically to instruct a course
OER includes any educational content that is shared under an open license, whether or not it is a part of a course
OCW // OER - overlap
OER
OCW
OCW, single images, general campus lectures, image
collections, singular learning modules,
paper or article
syllabi, lecture notes, presentation slides, assignments, lecture videos - all related to a course
OER are not:
• eLearning or distance learning• Open Access
OA // OER - buddies
OA
OER
free, permanent, full-text, online
access to scientific and scholarly
works
openly licensed educational content
eLearning // OER - intersection
OER
eLearning
intersection represents open, electronic, instructional resources
creativecommons (flickr)
More about licenses later...
Open Licenses make it all possible.
what is OER?why OER?open.michigangenerate OER
licenseuseciteshare
group activity
benefits of OER: for faculty
benefits of OER: for faculty
recognition for their teaching
publish and promote their resources
connect with other collaborators
extend their reach and visibility
benefits of OER: for the university
benefits of OER: for the university
“The mission of the University of Michigan is to serve the people of Michigan and the world through preeminence in creating, communicating, preserving and applying knowledge, art, and academic values, and in developing leaders and citizens who will challenge the present and enrich the future.”
University of Michigan Mission Statement, http://www.accreditation.umich.edu/mission/
The mission of the University of Michigan is to serve the people of Michigan and the world through preeminence in creating, communicating, preserving and applying knowledge, art, and academic values, and in developing leaders and citizens who will challenge the present and enrich the future.
benefits of OER: for the university
University of Michigan Mission Statement, http://www.accreditation.umich.edu/mission/
what is OER?why OER?open.michigangenerate OER
licenseuseciteshare
group activity
Our mission is to help faculty, students, and staff maximize the impact of their creative and academic work by making it open and accessible to the public.
projects
Open.Michigan Projects Page, https://open.umich.edu/connect/projects.php
OER
Open.Michigan Projects Page, https://open.umich.edu/connect/projects.php
OER-Contributing faculty from:EngineeringLSAPublic PolicyDentistryEducationInformationMedicineNursingPublic Health
Architecture
What does OERlook like?
“This is a really good presentation. Very clear and I like your examples and excel sheet calculations. Thank you for the great lecture.”
“My teacher did not explain as clear as you did.”
“Thanks for this video. Very well explained and with examples.”
So, what makes these OER?
So, how do I create OER?
what is OER?why OER?open.michigangenerate OER
licenseuseciteshare
group activity
It's easiest to create open content from the start.
Start now by making a small change in how you create your own content.
what is OER?why OER?open.michigangenerate OER
licenseuseciteshare
group activity
“Open Licenses”
There are many types...
Non-Software Licenses:Creative CommonsGNU Free Documentation License
Software Licenses:GPLApacheBSD
OER *mostly* uses Creative Commons Licenses
Creative Commons
Creative Commons, http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Sharing_Creative_Works_14
Creative Commons: licenses
Public Domain
All Rights Reserved
Some rights reserved: a spectrum.
least restrictive most restrictive
But...
OER Definition:
“Open educational resources are educational materials and resources offered freely and openly for anyone to use and under some licenses to re-
mix, improve and redistribute.”Wikipedia: OER, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_educational_resources
OER Creative Commons: licenses
X X
Some rights reserved: a spectrum for OER
least restrictive most restrictive
Public Domain
All Rights ReservedXXX
What does this mean for you?
Go Beyond the Classroom
Enriching Scholarship 6 May 2010
Image from Andrew Scott http://www.flickr.com/photos/andrewscott/2330212397/ under a Creative Commons license: BY-NC-SA http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en
Copyright © 2010 The Regents of the University of Michigan
Except where otherwise noted, this work is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Share your work with the world through Open Educational Resources
what is OER?why OER?open.michigangenerate OER
licenseuseciteshare
group activity
When possible, use only:
Openly Licensed (or Public Domain) Content
Where to find openly licensed or public domain media:
https://open.umich.edu/share/use.php
what is OER?why OER?open.michigangenerate OER
licenseuseciteshare
group activity
BY: betsyjean79 (flickr)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en
67
add some extra information:
: author name: link to content: license name: link to license
https://open.umich.edu/share/cite.php
BY: betsyjean79 (flickr)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en
On Slide
OER
Let’s do it right from the start.
CC: BY-SA Phil McElhinney (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
On Slide
Lady Finger
Learning about Orchids
phalaenopsis CC:BY audreyjm529 (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Phalaenopsis
Lady Finger Orchid CC:BY aussiegall (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
A Phalaenopsis hybrid
A Phalaenopsis hybrid CC:BY-SA Zizonus (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
On Slide
Additional Source Information
Slide 3: Janeway. Immunobiology : The Immune System in Health and Disease. Current Biology Ltd./Garland Publishing, Inc. 1997
Slide 4: Spinach is Good” Center for Disease Control; Life Magazine. January 17, 1938; rejon, http://openclipart.org/media/files/rejon/11221
Slide 5: Goody Two Shoes - McLoughlin Bro's (New-York) 1888
Slide 6: Jot Powers, “Bounty Hunter”, Wikimedia Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bounty_hunter_2.JPG, CC: BY-SA 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
EXAMPLE
At the end of the presentation
what is OER?why OER?open.michigangenerate OER
licenseuseCiteshare
group activity
what if you want to make your previous work available as OER?
what types of third-party images might you have in your content?
Artwork
these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use
Illustrations: Cartoons
these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use
Illustrations: Chemical Representations
Drawings and Diagrams
some of these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use
Charts
Graphs
Graphics
some of these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use
Scientific Images
Ads, CD/Book/Movie Covers, Screenshots
some of these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use
Photographs
some of these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use
Text: Quotes, Passages, Poems
The MeshWe have come to the cross-roadsAnd I must either leave or come with you.I lingered over the choiceBut in the darkness of my doubtsYou lifted the lamp of loveAnd I saw in your faceThe road that I should take.
- Kwesi Brew
some of these excerpts used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use
what should you do with them?
possible actions
:: retain : keep the content because it is licensed under an Open license or is in the public domain
:: replace : you may want to replace content that is not Openly licensed (and thus not shareable)
:: remove : you may need to remove content due to privacy, endorsement or copyright concerns
What action would you recommend for this object & why?
Retain: Ineligible for copyright
– This is a basic graph. Data is not copyrightable. This is a basic representation of data containing no creative expression. If you and I both had this data, we could generate the same graph easily.
U.S. copyright law does not apply to:
- Facts- Information- Data- Statistics- Obvious means of selecting, arranging, and organizing facts, data and information- alphabetical, geographical, order of importance or relevance, natural sequence (time, seasonal)
U.S. copyright law does not apply to:
- Opinions- Ideas- Concepts- Principles- Theories- Hypothesis- Algorithms- Recipes- Descriptions and Representations of a process, procedure, function, system, method of operation
- Citations- References - Quotations- Brief excerpts- Works created by an employee of the federal government as part of official duties
U.S. copyright law does not apply to:
What action would you recommend for this object & why?
Retain: Public Domain
Federal government documents are in the public domain.
What action(s) would you recommend for these?
these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use
Replace or Remove
what is OER?why OER?open.michigangenerate OER
licenseuseciteshare
group activity
Pop quiz
What is the distinction between OER and free educational resources?
A. You do not have to pay for free resources and you may have to pay for open resources.
B. Open resources are available only online and free resources can be electronic or paper.
C. Open resources are free resources but free resources are not necessarily open resources.
D. There is no difference between the two.
What is the relationship between eLearning and OER?
A. They are names for the same thing: free online learning resources.
B. All OER are eLearning resources but not all eLearning resources are OER.
C. OER is openly licensed and eLearning resources may or may not be openly licensed.
What does CC BY NC SA stand for?
• CC = Creative Commons • BY = Attribution • NC = Noncommercial • SA = Share Alike
Which represent the types of intellectual property? (Hint: There are 4.)
A. Derivative works
B. Patent
C. Trade secret
D. Contracts
E. Torts
F. Copyright
G. Translation
H. Encryption
I. Trademark
What are the three areas of consideration in the reviewing materials before publishing
them as OER?
• Copyright• Privacy• Endorsement
main policy considerations
:: copyright : U.S. law grants limited exclusive rights to authors of creative works
:: privacy : the protection of patient and student privacy
:: endorsement : avoiding the appearance of endorsing a 3rd party
Speaking of copyright…
What is the origin U.S. copyright (hint: think legal documents)?
A. The U.S. Copyright Act of 1976
B. The Progress Clause of the U.S. Constitution
C. The Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution
D. The Magna Carta
E. The Declaration of Independence
What is the purpose of copyright?
“To promote the progress of Science and Useful Arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.” U.S. Constitution Article I, Section 8, Clause 8
– Goal: To advance knowledge
– How: Exclusive rights on creative works for limited times
True or False: In order for an object to qualify for copyright protection, it must be marked with a (C) symbol
False.
See: The Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 (BCIA).
True or false: A work must be published and registered in order to be granted copyright protection.
False.
Copyright rewards which of the following:
A. Effort
B. Ingenuity
C. Creative expression
D. Uniqueness
E. All
See Supreme Court case: Feist v. Rural (1991)
True or False: Any presentation slides that I would use in the classroom I could also publish as OER simply by posting them online.
False
Instructors often have content created by others in their lecture slides: scanned images from textbooks, images that they found on Google images, or slides that were created by a faculty member who taught the course during a previous semester. This is copyrighted content that you can use in the classroom but you cannot publish as OER. In order for you to publish your lecture materials as OER, you will have to review them for copyright, privacy, and endorsement issues. You must also add add open license such as Creative Commons.
Now on to some scenarios
For the next four questions, you are a professor who is creating an open educational resource. You are searching for images, articles, and presentations that you can include in your program. You come across the following educational materials. Can you use them in your OER?
A scanned photo from a textbook that says "© 1980 All rights reserved" on the cover page
A. Yes
B. No
C. It depends
See the notes page for this slide
for a detailed explanation
A free, online article with no copyright notification (©)
A. Yes
B. No
C. It depends
See the notes page for this slide
for a detailed explanation
An instructional video with a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial license
A. Yes
B. No
C. It depends
The Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial (CC BY NC)
license is one of several Creative Commons licenses that may be
attached to OER. This means that you can include it in your OER as long as you credit the author, do
not use it for commercial purposes, and link back to the CC BY NC
license.
A set of presentation slides developed by a colleague at your institution.
A. Yes
B. No
C. It depends
See the notes page for this slide
for a detailed explanation
end of quiz
closing remarks
It's easiest to create open content from the start.
By making a small change in how you create your
own content…
…and licensing your creations as OER…
…you can gain recognition, publish and
promote your research and teaching materials,
connect with collaborators, and preserve and apply
knowledge.
Questions?
[email protected] open.umich.edu
Find more material online athttp://open.umich.edu/share/http://open.umich.edu/wiki/
Many slides in this presentation were produced in collaboration with Garin Fons, Pieter Kleymeer, Kathleen Ludewig, Greg Grossmeier, and Susan Topol.