Presenting in the classroom and beyond

[Tufte, 2006]

Understanding follows from dividing out what’s relevant and minimizing use of jargons and excessive text (bullets)

[Marshall, 2012]

Rethinking the Designof Presentation Slides

Michael AlleyCollege of Engineering

Melissa MarshallDepartment of Communication

Arts & Sciences

Water from the jet engine’s exhaust creates contrails that float in the atmosphere

[Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, 2002]

[Hamaker, 2009]

The defaults of PowerPoint are not based on researchin communication or cognitive psychology

[Gomes, 2007]

Poor starting place

Our research has found that most slides are heavily influenced by these defaults

[Garner et al., 2009]

Our Decision

Do not reprocess in the United States

Do not send spent fuel to France for reprocessing.

Wait for GNEP and new reprocessing methods to be developed.Less chance for the proliferation of nuclear

weapons.

New technology uses recycled fuel more efficiently.

Too much text

40%

3

Micro-compression

• MTS Nano Indenter XP– Modified Berkovich Indenter

– Load applied with coil/magnet assembly

• Load Resolution 50nN

– Displacement measured with capacitance gauge

• Sub nm displacement resolution

• Specimen – 300 nm to 20 μm diameter

– fixed base

Our research has found that most slides are heavily influenced by these defaults

[Garner et al., 2009]

Too much text: crowded

25%

The past few years, this common practice of PowerPoint has received harsh criticism

[Tufte, 2003][Schwartz, 2003]

[Keller, 2003]

January 16, 2003 February 1, 2003January 24, 2003

3

Several recent texts have challenged the defaults of PowerPoint

2003 2005 2008

Xenon headlights illuminate signs better than halogen headlights do

[Sylvania, 2008 ]

Xenon Headlight

Halogen Headlight

SilverStar Ultra TM

Standard Halogen

Xenon

We advocate an assertion–evidence slide structure that is grounded in communication research

[Fishbone, 2008]

Xenon headlights illuminate signs better than halogen headlights do

[Sylvania, 2008 ]

Xenon Headlight

Halogen Headlight

SilverStar Ultra TM

Standard Halogen

Xenon

[Sawarynski, 2009]

The structure calls for a succinct sentence headline that states the main assertion of the slide

[Toulmin, 2002][Alley et al., 2006]

The small size of the mouse brain makes locating specific areas extremely difficult

52 [Welker, 2008]

The small size of the mouse brain makes locating specific areas extremely difficult

[Welker, 2008]

The structure also calls for supporting that sentence-assertion headline with visual evidence

[Mayer, 2001][Paivio, 1986]

During growth, cells secrete waste products and macromolecules into their environment

Waste

Macromolecules

Cells

[Brown, 2008]

During growth, cells secrete waste products and macromolecules into their environment

Waste

Macromolecules

Cells

The Chesapeake Bay, which is the country’s largest estuary, has only two places for traffic to cross

[landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov]

Dover

Washington D.C

Richmond

Annapolis

sha.state.md.us

[roadtraffic-technology.com]

In the past 25 years, traffic has significantly increased on the Chesapeake Bay Bridge

1961Traffic 1.5 million

[Maryland Transportation Authority, 2007]

1952Traffic: 1.1 million

2007Traffic: 27 Million

How much power from a truck’s engine is needed to overcome aerodynamic drag?At typical highway speeds, overcoming drag requires about two-thirds of a truck engine’s output

[McCallen, 2004]

Aerodynamic DragCD = 0.6

Rolling Friction and Accessories

[LLNL, 2010]

A third hurdle in adopting the assertion−evidence structure is to overcome the weak defaults of PowerPoint

[Alley, 2003][Atkinson, 2005]

Template at first

Google listing

for “presentation sli

des”

Water from the jet engine’s exhaust creates contrails that float in the atmosphere

[Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, 2002]

In summary, assertion-evidence slides are more effective than the common practice of PowerPoint

[Hamaker, 2009]

Melissa MarshallDepartment of Communication

Arts & Sciences

Example transformations of slides from the traditional to the assertion-evidence design

This presentation shows transformations of slides from the traditional to the assertion-evidence design

Before

After

U.S. Resource Use

• The United States uses:– 42% of all the aluminum produced worldwide

– 31% of all the petroleum

– 29% of all the phosphate

– 27% of all the copper

– 27% of the nitrogen

– 25% of the zinc

• Approximately 30% of all resources worldwide

Although the U.S. has 5% of the world's population, we use an average of 30% of all resources

United States use of specific resources (percentage of worldwide use)

A First Step Towards Automatic Verificationof PDE Code

Hans Petter LangtangenOla Skaghaug

Simula Research LaboratoryOslo, Norway

Before

A First Step Towards Automatic Verification of PDE Code

Hans Petter LangtangenOla Skaghaug

Simula Research LaboratoryOslo, Norway

Before

This presentation shows the evolution from a manual environment to one that is automated

manual

somewhatmanual

MATLAB

Python

automated

Fortran 77

C++

OutlineOutline IntroductionIntroduction BackgroundBackground PrePre--Combustion methodsCombustion methods

–– Coal switchingCoal switching–– Coal cleaningCoal cleaning

Combustion methodCombustion method–– Atmospheric fluidized bedAtmospheric fluidized bed

PostPost--Combustion methodsCombustion methods–– AbsorptionAbsorption–– AdsorptionAdsorption

ConclusionsConclusions AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments QuestionsQuestions

Before

This presentation compares methods for reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal power plants

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

B C D

AA

C

B

D

?

Digital Acquisition System

Accelerometer outputs an analog voltage

Hardware converts analog signal to digital

Computer samples a number of points

Data is exported to popular applications

o Microsoft Excel

o Matlab

Before

Converting an analog signal to a digital signal requires a sampling of the signal

Accelerometer outputs an analog voltage

Hardware converts analog signal to digital

Computer samples a number of points

Data is exported to popular applications

Excel

Before

Although researchers give validation more attention, validation requires successful verification

Validation

Is the PDE model appropriate?

Do we solve the right equations?

Verification

Are the numerical models correctly implemented?

Do we solve the right equations?

Iron

• An abundant metal, makes up 5.6% of earth’s crust

• Properties:– shaped, sharpened, welded

– strong, durable

• Accounts for >95% of metals used

• Iron ores discovered in 1844 in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula

• Soon found other ores in upper Wisconsin and Minnesota Kesler 1994

Iron Ore Distribution

Before

[Kesler 1994]

Iron Ore Distribution

[www.star-bits.com]

Iron ore

Where is the largest concentration of iron ores in North America?Iron ores make up 5.6% of the earth’s crustand account for 95% of the metals used

Can be shaped, sharpened, and welded

Is strong and durable

Iron

Led to 59% recall Led to 77% recall

Iron • An abundant metal, makes

up 5.6% of earth’s crust

• Properties:– shaped, sharpened, welded

– strong, durable

• Accounts for >95% of metals used

• Iron ores discovered in 1844 in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula

• Soon found other ores in upper Wisconsin and Minnesota Kesler 1994

Iron Ore Distribution

p < 0.001

Students learning from the transformed slide scored higher on an identical test question

[Alley et al., 2006]

Q: How abundant is iron in the earth’s crust?

[Kesler 1994]

Iron Ore Distribution

[www.star-bits.com]

Iron ore

Where is the largest concentration of iron ores in North America?Iron ores make up 5.6% of the earth’s crustand account for 95% of the metals used

Can be shaped, sharpened, and welded

Is strong and durable

Iron

U.S. Resource Use

• The United States uses:– 42% of all the aluminum produced worldwide

– 31% of all the petroleum

– 29% of all the phosphate

– 27% of all the copper

– 27% of the nitrogen

– 25% of the zinc

• Approximately 30% of all resources worldwide

Before

Although the U.S. has 5% of the world's population, we use an average of 30% of all resources

United States use of specific resources (percentage of worldwide use)

Led to 71% correct Led to 82% correct

Students learning from the transformed slide scored higher on an identical test question

Q: Percentage of world’s resources that the U.S. uses?

p < 0.025

U.S. Resource Use

• The United States uses:– 42% of all the aluminum produced worldwide

– 31% of all the petroleum

– 29% of all the phosphate

– 27% of all the copper

– 27% of the nitrogen

– 25% of the zinc

• Approximately 30% of all resources worldwide

Although the U.S. has 5% of the world's population, we use an average of 30% of all resources

United States use of specific resources (percentage of worldwide use)

[Alley et al., 2006]

Why do the plates move?

Miller, 2004

•Convection

•Heat is from nuclear fission. •Uranium, Thorium, are large “unstable” atoms which break down to produce, smaller atoms, heat, and radioactivity

Before

Plates move because of convection caused by heat from decay of radioactive elements in the mantle

[Miller, 2004]

Uranium and Thorium are large “unstable” atoms

break down to produce smaller atoms, heat, and radioactivity

Ocean

Led to 54% correct Led to 86% correct

Students learning from the transformed slide scored higher on an identical test question

Q: Heat source for movement of lithospheric plates?

p < .001

Why do the plates move?

[Miller, 2004]

Plates move because of convection caused by heat from decay of radioactive elements in the mantle

Uranium and Thorium are large “unstable” atoms

break down to produce, smaller atoms, heat, and radioactivity

Ocean

Why do the plates move?

Miller, 2004

•Convection

•Heat is from nuclear fission. •Uranium, Thorium, are large “unstable” atoms which break down to produce, smaller atoms, heat, and radioactivity

[Alley et al., 2006]

Fossil Fuels: Who has what?

Before

OPEC countries control about 75% of the world’s oil

Led to 63% correct Led to 81% correct

p < .001

Students learning from the transformed slide scored higher on an identical test question

Q: Percentage of oil that non-OPEC countries control?

Fossil Fuels: Who has what?

OPEC countries control about 75% of the world’s oil

[Alley et al., 2006]