Mc lc Excel 2010

TI LIU HNG DN S DNG EXCEL

HAYENCORP

Mc lc Excel 2010

7I.Nhng im mi trong Microsoft Excel 2010

8Thm tnh nng Sparkline

9Tnh nng Slicers

10nh dng d liu c iu kin

12PivotTables v PivotCharts

12Share Workbook

13I.Ni dung chnh

13Chng 1: Lm Quen Vi Microsoft Excel

131.1Gii thiu Excel

13Excel l g:

17Ribbon l g?

18S dng thc n ng cnh (shortcut menu)

191.2.M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s

19Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel

20Thu nh ca s Excel

20Phng to ca s Excel

20Thot khi Excel

201.3. Thao tc vi v vng

20Nhn dng v vng (cells, range)

21Chn vng

21Sao chp v di chuyn vng

22Dn c bit (Paste Special)

24t tn vng

25Thm ch thch cho

26Chn, xa , dng v ct

27Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng

29Ni (Merge) v b ni cc (Split)

29Chuyn mt ni v li nhiu

301.4. Di chuyn trong bng tnh v s dng phm tt

30Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang

30Thanh Sheet tab

31S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn

321.5 Thao tc vi workbook

32To mi workbook

34Lu workbook

36ng workbook

36Sp xp workbook

371.6. Thao tc vi worksheet

37Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook

38i tn worksheet

38Xa worksheet

38Sp xp th t cc worksheet

39Sao chp worksheet

39Chn mu cho sheet tab

40n/ Hin worksheet

411.7 S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc

41S dng thanh Zoom

41Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s

42Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu

43S dng Watch Window

43Chng 2: Lm vic vi d liu trong Excel

432.1. Nhp liu, hiu chnh

44Nhp liu

45Nhp cc k t c bit

46Hiu chnh ni dung

46Nhp ln c sn ni dung

47S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu

512.2. nh dng

51nh dng chung

59T ng nh dng c iu kin

60Bng v nh dng bng (table)

62S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes)

632.3 Tm v thay th d liu

642.4 Sp xp v lc d liu

68Chng 3: Gii Thiu V S Dng Cc Hm

683.1 Gii thiu cng thc v hm:

68Gii thiu cng thc (Formula)

70Gii thiu hm (Function)

71Nhp cng thc v hm

73Tham chiu trong cng thc

75Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors)

763.2 Cc hm trong excel

76a. Nhm hm v thng k

78b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut

80c. Nhm hm v tng quan v hi quy tuyn tnh

81d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions

86e. Danh mc cc Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch

103f. HM TON HC V LNG GIC

117g. HM X L VN BN V D LIU

135Chng 4: Khai Thc C S D Liu

1354.1. Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc)

135Sp xp

136Lc d liu

1374.2 PivotTable v PivotChart

1384.2.1 Gii thiu PivotTable v PivotChart

138To mt bo co PivotTable n gin

1534.2.2 Tm hiu d liu ngun ca PivotTable

1674.2.3 S dng cc cng c ca PivotTable v nh dng PivotTable

179Chng 5: Th Trong Excel

1795.1 Gii thiu th

1805.2. V th

1855.3. Cc thao tc trn th

185a. Nhn bit cac thanh phn trn thi

185Cac thanh phn thng dung

186Mt s thanh phn chi co trong thi 3-D

186b. Cc thao tc vi th

186Chon thanh phn trn thi

186Di chuyn thi

187Sao chp thi

187Xa thi

187Thm cac thanh phn ca thi

187Sp xp va xa cac thanh phn ca thi

188In thi

188c. Hiu chnh v nh dng th

188Hiu chnh Chart Area

190Hiu chnh Flot Area

190Hiu chnh tiu thi, ch thch, tiu truc hoanh va truc tung,

191Hiu chnh ng li ngang va doc

196d. Cc thao tc vi chui s liu trong th

196Xa bt mt chui s liu khi thi

196Thm chui mi vao thi

197Thay i chui s liu

199Thm ng xu hng vao thi

200Chng 6: nh Dng Trang V In Bng Tnh

2006.1. Cc ch hin th trang trong Excel

2016.2. Thit lp thng s cho trang in

2076.3. Thit lp thng s hp thoi Print

2096.4. Cc lu khc

209Chng 7: Lm Vic Vi Macro, Templates

2097.1 Macro

209Ghi mt Macro

211Thc thi Macro

212Chng 8: Phm Tt V Th Thut

2128.1 Phm Tt

212a. Truy cp Ribbon bng bn phm

212b. Phm tt

2168.2 Th thut

2161.Dch s tin v ch (Chuyn s thnh ch)

2212.Giu bng tnh Excel chuyn nghip

2223.Kha v bo v nhng c cha cng thc

2284.S dng Data-Validation khi danh sch ngun nm trong mt Sheet khc

2315.iu khin Conditional Formating bng checkbox.

2386.nh du nhng cha cng thc bng Conditional Formatting

2397.S dng chc nng thay th (Replace) g b cc k t khng mong mun.

2408.Chuyn i con s dng vn bn sang s thc

2429.Tng thm s ln Undo cho Excel

24610.Tch h v tn trong cng mt ct trn bng tnh Excel

24711.To mc lc trong Excel

I. Nhng im mi trong Microsoft Excel 20101. Chc nng Backstage View Giao din ribbon ca Office 2010 c a vo tt c cc ng dng trong gi Office 2010.

Cng c Backstage View c truy cp qua phm Office (gc trn bn tri), h tr s dng cc tc v nh lu ti liu hoc in n.

Thanh nh hng bn tri ca Backstage View cha nhiu lnh, nh cho php ai sa ti liu, kch c file... Thm tnh nng Sparkline

Excel lun c d liu th v biu rt phong ph m t d liu v xu hng. Vi Excel 2010, Microsoft b sung thm mt tnh nng mi - Sparklines. Tnh nng ny cho php ngi dng t mt th c nh (mini) hay mt dng nhn nh khuynh hng trong mt (cell). Sparklines lcch nhanh nht v n gin nht thmthnh phn th hin th vo mt cell.

Sparkline l cch hu ich thm mt yu t trc quan nhanh v gn.

Tnh nng SlicersSlicers l mt trong nhng tnh nng trong Excel 2010 c th gip bn gii thch d liu ca bn d dng hn. Mt cch nhanh chng, bn c ci nhnh trc quan su thng qua s lng ln d liu.

V d, bn c th s dng Slicers lc thng qua cc d liu ca bn v c th nhanh chng tm thy nhng thng tin c lin quanKhi d liu trong bng tr (Pivot Table) thay i, Slicer s t ng c cp nht. nh dng d liu c iu kin

Chc nng conditional format mi bao gm nhi kiu nh dng v icons v kh nng t sng ch nhng mc c ch nh nh gi tr ln nht, nh nht .. vi ch 1 c click chut

y l chc nng rt hay trong Excel 2010. Nu bn c mt bng vi nhiu s liu khc nhau, thng thng nh gi d liu, chng ta thng dng cc hm rt trch v lc d liu. Tuy nhin, vi chc nng ny, bn khng cn dng hm, cng khng cn ly d liu ra khi bng m vn c th nh gi chnh xc d liu qua cch lm ni bt cc theo mt iu kin nh sn. Thc hin nh sau: qut chn mt ct hoc dng d liu cn nh gi, sau bm nt Conditional Formatting, mt menu hin ra vi cc ty chn:Kiu nh gi sng lc:Kiu nh gi ny s sng lc d liu ca bn ngay ti trong bng ch khng phi trch ring ra ngoi nh cc phin bn Excel trc y. Chng trnh thc hin sng lc ti ch bng cch lm ni bt ln nhng ng vi iu kin hoc quy lut do bn quy nh. Sau y l hai nhm quy lut chnh:

Highlight Cells Rules: lm ni bt cc theo mt trong cc iu kin: Greater Than... (ln hn), Less Than... (nh hn), Equal To (bng) mt gi tr so snh no , Between (gia 2 gi tr), Text that Contains ( ch c cha chui k t quy nh), A Date Occurring (theo qung thi gian), Duplicate Values ( d liu trng nhau).

Khi bn chn xong mt iu kin lm ni bt, s xut hin mt hp thoi yu cu bn nhp gi tr cn so snh v mu t ni bt cho ph hp vi iu kin so snh . Xong, bn bm OK chng trnh thc thi trong bng tnh.

- Top/Bottom Rules: quy lut ny gm cc iu kin: Top 10 Items (nh du 10 c gi tr ln nht), Top 10% (nh du 10% s c gi tr ln nht), tng t vi Bottom 10 Items v Bottom 10%, Above Average ( c gi tr ln hn gi tr trung bnh ca ct/hng), Below Average ( c gi tr nh hn gi tr trung bnh ca ct/hng). Khi bn chn nh gi theo d liu hng Top hoc Bottom, mt hp thoi yu cu bn nhp s cn lm ni, chng hn nh Top 10 hay 20, Top 10% hay 20%... l ty bn tinh chnh, sau bm OK hon tt.Kiu nh gi hin th mc :- Data Bars: bn bm chn kiu nh gi ny, chn mt mu ng trong menu hin ra. Khi , trong vng d liu ca bn s xut hin ct mu nh gi mc d liu gip bn d dng so snh cng nh nhn ra s tng gim ca s liu nhp vo. Ct mu cng di th s liu ca bn cng c gi tr cao, ngc li l nhng gi tr thp.

- Color Scales: kiu nh gi ny s t mu cho cc d liu theo 3 mu khc nhau, ng vi mi mu l mc thp, trung bnh v mc cao. Khi chn nhm Color Scales, bn hy chn mt nhm mu bn thch trong menu hin ra v s thy chng trnh p dng ln vng chn ca bn. Bn cng c th to quy lut mu theo mnh bng cch chn Color Scales > More Rules.- Icon Sets: bm chn Icon Sets, chn mt nhm biu tng mong mun, chng trnh s t ng t cc biu tng trc d liu ca bn, gip bn c ci nhn trc quan v bng tnh.

V d du biu th s liu mc cao nht, du biu th s liu mc trung bnh, v du biu th s liu thp di c mc trung bnh, ng bo ng. Mi biu tng ng vi mt mc , chng trnh s t ng tnh ton gi tr trung bnh ca ton ct hoc dng ang so snh v tin hnh t biu tng thch hp vo tng theo gi tr phn trm m t c so vi mc chung ca c ct hoc dng. Bn c th nh li quy lut nh gi ny bng cch chn More Rules trong nhm Icon Sets.

Ngoi nhng kiu nh dng c iu kin trn, bn c th to ring cho mnh nhng quy lut nh gi khc bng cch bm nt Conditional Formatting > New Rule, tuy nhin vic ny rt mt thi gian. Tt nht bn nn s dng nhng quy lut c sn m Excel cung cp rt y cho bn. Khi bn khng va vi cc nh dng chn, xa chng m khng mt d liu, bn bm Conditional Formatting > Clear Rules, chn mt trong cc kiu xa nh Clear Rules from: Selected Cells (ch xa trong ct chn), Entire Sheet (xa trong c sheet), This Table (ch xa trong bng ang x l).C th ni nhm cng c nh dng ny ca Excel 2010 rt th v, n cho php chng ta to ra nhng bng tnh c trnh by rt khoa hc v bt mt. c bit nht l tnh t ng cao, giao din bng tnh p v kh nng nh gi, sng lc d liu chun xc v c o. Chc chn khi s dng chc nng ny, bn s thy hng th hn rt nhiu khi x l d liu v tnh ton trong Excel.PivotTables v PivotCharts

Ging nh PivotTables, PivotCharts cng c thc hin mt cch d dng trong giao din mi ny. Tt c nhng ci thin mi v vic lc c cung cp cho PivotCharts. Khi bn to mt PivotChart, cc cng c PivotChart c bit v cc menu ni dung c cung cp bn c th phn tch d liu trong biu . Bn cng c th thay i layout, style v nh dng ca biu hoc cc thnh phn khc ca n theo cng mt cch m bn c th thc hin cho cc biu thng thng. Trong Office Excel 2010, vic nh dng biu m bn p dng c duy tr khi thay i sang PivotChart, iu ny l mt b sung nng cp theo cch m n lm vic trong cc phin bn Excel trc y. Share Workbook

Microsoft Excel 2010 c th tch hp vi SharePoint cung cp cc cng c qun l ni dung d hiu, thun tin cho vic chia s kinh nghim, tri thc, nng cao nng sut lm vic nhm.

I. Ni dung chnh

Chng 1: Lm Quen Vi Microsoft Excel1.1 Gii thiu Excel

Excel l g:

Microsoft Excel l mt phn mm hay l mt chng trnh ng dng, m khi chyr chng trnh ng dng ny s to ra mt bng tnh v bng tnh ny gip ta d dng hn trong vic thc hin:

Tnh ton i s, phn tch d liu

Lp bng biu bo co, t chc danh sch

Truy cp cc ngun d liu khc nhau

V th v cc s

T ng ha cc cng vic bng cc macro

V nhiu ng dng khc gip chng ta c th phn tch nhiu loi hnh bi ton khc nhau.

Workbook: Trong Excel, mt workbook l mt tp tin m trn bn lm vic (tnh ton, v th, ) v lu tr d liu. V mi workbook c th cha nhiu sheet (bng tnh), do vy bn c th t chc, lu tr nhiu loi thng tin c lin quan vi nhau ch trong mt tp tin (file). Mt workbook cha rt nhiu worksheet hay chart sheet ty thuc vo b nh my tnh ca bn.

Worksheet: Cn gi tt l sheet, l ni lu tr v lm vic vi d liu, n cn c gi l bng tnh. Mt worksheet cha nhiu (cell), cc c t chc thnh cc ct v cc dng. Worksheet c cha trong workbook. Mt Worksheet cha c 16,384 ct v 1,048,576 dng (phin bn c ch cha c 256 ct v 65,536 dng).

Chart sheet: Cng l mt sheet trong workbook, nhng n ch cha mt th. Mt chart sheet rt hu ch khi bn mun xem ring l tng th.

Sheet tabs: Tn ca cc sheet s th hin trn cc tab t ti gc tri di ca ca s workbook. di chuyn t sheet ny sang sheet khc ta ch vic nhp chut vo tn sheet cn n trong thanh sheet tab.

Cc thnh phn ca Workbook

Excel 2010 dng nh dng tp tin mc nh l .XLSX (da trn chun XML gip vic trao i d liu gia cc ng dng c d dng hn) thay cho nh dng chun trc y l .XLS.

Giao din Excel

Nt lnh Office cha cc lnh rt thng hay s dng nh to tp tin mi, m tp tin, lu tp tin, v danh mc cc tp tin m trc . Nt lnh Office ging nh thc n File ca cc phin bn trc.

Chng ta c th ch bin thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh cha cc lnh m ta hay s dng nht. Nhn vo m danh mc cc lnh v vo cc lnh cn cho hin ln thanh lnh truy cp nhanh. Nu cc nt lnh y cn qu t bn c th nhn chn More Commands m ca s iu ch thanh lnh truy cp nhanh.

Cc lnh trong thc n Office

Bng la chn lnh truy cp nhanh

Hp thoi ch bin thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanhRibbon l g?

Ribbon: Excel 2010 thay i giao din ngi dng t vic s dng cc thanh thc n truyn thng thnh cc cm lnh d dng truy cp c trnh by ngay trn mn hnh gi l Ribbon. C cc nhm Ribbon chnh: Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Reviews, View, Developer, Add-Ins.

Thanh cng c Ribbon

Home: L ni cha cc nt lnh c s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh lm vic nh: ct, dn, sao chp, nh dng ti liu, cc kiu mu c sn, chn hay xa dng hoc ct, sp xp, tm kim, lc d liu,

Insert: Chn cc loi i tng vo bng tnh nh: bng biu, v s , th, k hiu,

Page Layout: Cha cc nt lnh v vic hin th bng tnh v thit lp in n.

Formulas: Chn cng thc, t tn vng (range),

cng c kim tra theo di cng thc, iu khin vic tnh ton ca Excel.

Data: Cc nt lnh thao i vi d liu trong v ngoi Excel, cc danh sch, phn tch d liu,

Review: Cc nt lnh kim li chnh t, h tr dch t, thm ch thch vo cc , cc thit lp bo v bng tnh.

View: Thit lp cc ch hin th ca bng tnh nh: phng to, thu nh, chia mn hnh,

Developer: Tab ny mc nh c n v n ch hu dng cho cc lp trnh vin, nhng ngi c hiu bit v VBA. m nhm ny nhn vo nt Office Excel Options Popular Chn Show Developer tab in the Ribbon.

Add-Ins: Tab ny ch xut hin khi Excel m mt tp tin c s dng cc tin ch b sung, cc hm b sung,

S dng thc n ng cnh (shortcut menu)

Khi mun thc hin mt thao tc no trn i tng (, vng, bng biu, th, hnh v) trong bng tnh, bn hy nhp phi chut ln i tng . Lp tc mt thanh thc n hin ra cha cc lnh thng dng c th hiu chnh hay p dng cho i tng m bn chn.

Thc n ng cnh

1.2. M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s

1.2.1. M ExcelThao tc:

B1. T mn hnh (ca s) chnh ca Windows nhp chut nt Start gc di bn tri

B2. Di chuyn chut ln trn n ch All Programs, ri di chuyn chut sang phi chn Microsoft Office, sau di chuyn chut n ch Microsoft Office Excel 2010 th dng li.

B3. Nhp chut vo biu tng khi ng Excel.Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel

Cc nt iu khin ca s ExcelThu nh ca s Excel

Thao tc ny ch thc hin c khi ca s ang m to Nhp chut chut vo nt gc trn cng bn phi. Khi ca s Excel s c thu gn li thnh mt biu tng trn thanh Taskbar ca Windows bn cnh nt Start.

Phng to ca s ExcelThao tc:

Thao tc ny ch thc hin c khi ca s ang b thu nh

Nhp chut vo biu tng thu gn ca Excel trn thanh Taskbar bn pha di mn hnh

Thot khi Excel

Thao tc:

Nhp chut vo nt gc trn cng bn phi thot khi Excel. Hoc cng c th thot Excel bng cch nhn nt Office chn Exit Excel.

1.3. Thao tc vi v vng

Nhn dng v vng (cells, range)

a ch mt trong Excel c xc nh bi tiu ct v s th t ca dng. Mt vng trong bng tnh c xc nh bng a ch ca gc trn bn tri ca vng v a ch gc di bn phi ca vng (c du : phn cch). c bit, a ch ca c mt ct hoc dng c xc nh l : (v d ct A th c xc nh ngn gn l A:A) v : (v d a ch ca c mt dng 4 l 4:4). V d: Hnh bn di hin hnh c a ch l B11 v n c tiu ct l B v s dng l 11, vng c bao bi nt chm t c a ch l H2:H12 v u tin ca vng c a ch l H2 v cui ca vng l H12.

a ch v vng

Chn vng

Nu dng chut, trc tin bn dng chut di chuyn hin hnh n gc trn bn tri ca vng cn chn, sau gi tri chut ko xung di qua phi n v tr cui cng ca vng v th chut. Nu dng phm th sau khi chn u tin bn gi phm Shift trong khi nhn phm v n cui ca vng v th cc phm. (Bn cng c th lm ngc li l chn cui ca vng trc v ko chn n u tin).

Khi mun chn c sheet hin hnh th nhn , cn mun chn c workbook (ngha l chn tt c cc sheet) th nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v chn Select All Sheets.

Sao chp v di chuyn vng

Sao chp (copy) gip ta nhn bn mt vng no n mt ni no trong bng tnh v d liu gc cn nguyn, cn di chuyn vng th cng nh sao chp nhng d liu gc s c di di n v tr mi. sao chp hay di chuyn trc tin bn phi chn vng cn sao chp hay di chuyn, sau c th dng nt lnh, phm tt hay dng chut thc hin:

Dng Ribbon: Chn vng Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt hay (Copy hay Cut), n ni ch v Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt (Paste). Bn c th gi cc lnh trn t thc n ng cnh nhp phi chut.

Chut: Chn vng gi tri chut v gi thm phm Ctrl nu l sao chp (khng gi thm phm Ctrl s l lnh di chuyn) ko chut ti ni ch cn sao chp hay di chuyn n v th chut.

Dn c bit (Paste Special)

Trong qu trnh sao chp i khi chng ta cn dn ni dung sao chp hay ct t b nh vo vi mt s chn lc no , khi thay v dng lnh Paste bn hy s dng Paste Special Sau khi chn vng, ra lnh Copy, n ch cn sao chp n v nhp phi chut, chn lnh Paste Special. hp thoi Paste Special c mt s la chn nh bng sau:

Gii thch hp thoi Paste Special

Hng mcM t

AllDn c gi tr v nh dng ca vng ngun

FormulasDn gi tr v cng thc, khng nh dng

ValuesCh dn gi tr v kt qu ca cng thc, khng nh dng

FormatsCh dn vo nh dng, b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc

CommentsCh dn vo ch thch ca cc , b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc

ValidationCh dn vo cc qui nh xc thc d liu cho vng ch

All using source themeDn vo mi th v dng mu nh dng t vng ngun

All except bordersDn vo mi th v loi b cc khung vin

Column widthsCh dn vo thng tin qui nh chiu rng ct

Formulas and number formats Dn vo gi tr, cng thc v cc nh dng gc ca cc con s, cc nh dng khc b loi b.

Values and number formats Dn vo gi tr, kt qu ca cng thc v cc nh dng gc ca cc con s.

NoneKhng km theo vic tnh ton no trn d liu sp dn vo

AddCng cc gi tr ca vng ngun vo cc tng ng vng ch

SubtractCc mang gi tr ca vng ch s tr i cc tng ng ca vng ngun.

MultiplyCc mang gia tr ca vng ch s nhn vi cc tng ng ca vng ngun.

DivideCc mang gia tr ca vng ch s chia cho cc tng ng ca vng ngun

Skip blanks. Khng dn cc rng vng ngun vo c gi tr vng ch

TransposeDn vo v o dng thnh ct hoc ngc li

Paste LinkDn vo v tham chiu ch n ngun

t tn vng

Vic t tn vng c li rt ln trong qu trnh thao thc v x l tnh ton nh: vng c gn tn s gip gi nh v d hiu cng dng ca n hn l cc a ch n thun, t tn gip vic tham chiu tnh ton t sai st hn v di chuyn hay chn cc vng c t tn rt nhanh chng t Name box (hoc dng Go to F5). Tn di ti a 255 k t khng cha khong trng v du chm, tn phi bt u l k t khng c bt u l s, tn khng c t ging cc a ch tham chiu. t tn trc tin ta chn vng cn t tn chn nhm Formulas Defined Names Define Name, hp thoi New Name hin ra. y, bn hy nhp tn vng vo hp Name chn Scope, nhp ch thch nu cn, xong th nhn OK. Ngoi ra bn cn c th t tn trc tip t hp Name box hoc t tn cho vng chn t Formulas Defined Names Create from Selection hoc dng thc n ng cnh.

Mun m hp thoi qun l cc tn t bn vo nhm Formulas Defined Names Name Manager. T hp thoi bn c th t tn mi, hiu chnh thng tin cho cc tn hin hoc xa tn ca cc vng khng dng n,

Thm ch thch cho

hm ch thch vo cc gip cho vic hiu chnh v hiu thng tin m ang cha c r rng hn. thm ch thch v , chn chn nhm Review Comments New Comment v hy nhp ch thch vo. Ngoi ra bn c th nhp phi chut ln cn ch thch v chn Insert Comment.

c ch thch ch cn r chut ln c ch thch hoc vo Review Comments Next hay Previous.

n/ hin ch thch vo Review Comments Show All Comments (n/ hin tt c) hoc Show/ Hide Comment (n/ hin ch thch ang chn).

Hiu chnh ch thch vo chn cn hiu chnh ch thch Review Comments Edit Comment. Ngoi ra nhanh bn c th nhp phi chut v chn Edit Comment t thc n ng cnh.

Xa ch thch vo chn cn xa ch thch Review Comments Delete. Hoc nhp phi chut v chn Delete Comment.

Minh ha cho hin cc ch thch

Chn, xa , dng v ct

Chng ta c th chn thm cc vo bn tri hoc bn trn ca hin hnh trong worksheet v dch chuyn cc ang chn qua phi hoc xung di. Tng t, ta c th chn thm cc dng bn trn, chn thm cc ct vo bn tri v c th xa i cc , cc dng v ct.

Chn trng

B1. Chn cc m bn mun chn cc trng vo (mun chn cc khng lin tc th gi Ctrl trong khi chn cc ).

B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Cells B3. Chn la chn ph hp trong hp thoi Insert

Chn dng

B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu dng lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mun chn s dng tng ng pha trn cc dng ny.

B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Rows

Minh ha chn cc dng trng ln trn cc dng ang chn

Chn ct

B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu ct lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mun chn s ct tng ng pha bn tri cc ct ny.

B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Columns

Xa cc , dng v ct

B1. Chn cc , cc dng hoc cc ct cn xa

B2. Chn Home Cells Delete chn kiu xa ph hp (xem hnh)

Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng

Trong worksheet ta c th qui nh rng ct t 0 n 255, y chnh l s k t c th hin th trong mt dng. rng mc nh ca ct l 8.43 k t, khi rng l 0 th ct c n i. Tng t, chiu cao ca dng qui nh t 0 n 409, y l n v o lng bng im (point: 1 point = 1/72 inch). Chiu cao mc nh ca dng l 12.75 point, khi chiu cao l 0 th dng b n i. Cc bc iu chnh dng ct:

B1. Chn dng hoc ct cn iu chnh chiu cao hoc rng

B2. Chn Home Cells Format Chn lnh ph hp

Row Height chn lnh ny qui nh chiu cao ca dng

AutoFit Row Height chn lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh chiu cao dng cho ph hp vi ni dung.

Column Width chn lnh ny qui nh rng ct

AutoFit Column Width chn lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh rng ct cho ph hp vi ni dung.

Default Width chn lnh ny khi bn mun qui nh li rng mc nh cho worksheet hay c workbook. Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c worksheet hay c workbook bng cch chn c worksheet hay c workbook trc khi thc hin lnh. Ngoi cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao tc nhanh hn. Mun thay i rng ct no hy r chut n pha bn phi tiu ct cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut v bn phi tng hoc ko v bn tri gim rng ct. Tng t, mun thay i chiu cao dng no hy r chut n bn di s th t dng cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut ln trn gim hoc ko xung di tng chiu cao dng.

Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c worksheet hay c workbook bng cch chn c worksheet hay c workbook trc khi thc hin lnh.

Ngoi cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao tc nhanh hn. Mun thay i rng ct no hy r chut n pha bn phi tiu ct cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut v bn phi tng hoc ko v bn tri gim rng ct. Tng t, mun thay i chiu cao dng no hy r chut n bn di s th t dng cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut ln trn gim hoc ko xung di tng chiu cao dng.

Ni (Merge) v b ni cc (Split)

Ni nhiu thnh mt

Khi ni nhiu thnh mt , nu tt c cc u c d liu th bn cn chuyn ht d liu ln gc trn cng bn tri ca nhm cn merge v ch c d liu ca ny c gi li, d liu ca cc khc s b xa.

B1. Chn cc cn ni li.

B2. Chn Home Alignment chn Merge & Center. canh chnh d liu trong dng cc nt canh chnh trong nhm Algnment.

Chuyn mt ni v li nhiu

Sau khi chuyn ni v li nhiu th ni dung s hin ti gc trn cng bn tri.

B1. Chn ang b ni.

B2. Chn Home Alignment chn li Merge & Center hoc Unmerge Cells u c.

1.4. Di chuyn trong bng tnh v s dng phm tt

Bn c th dng chut, cc phm , thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang, sheet tab, cc t hp phm tt di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet hay i n cc ni bt k trong bng tnh.

Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang

Thanh cun dc v thanh cun ngang c gi chung l cc thanh cun (scroll bars). Bi v mn hnh Excel ch c th hin th (cho xem) mt phn ca bng tnh ang thao tc, nn ta phi dng thanh cun dc xem phn bn trn hay bn di bng tnh v dng thanh cun ngang xem phn bn tri hay bn phi ca bng tnh. Thanh cun dc l thanh di nht, nm dc bn l phi; hai u c hai mi tn ln v mi tn xung; gia c thanh trt cun mn hnh ln xung.

Thanh cun ngang l thanh nm ngang, th hai t di mn hnh m ln. C hnh dng ging thanh cun dc, ch khc l nm ngang.

Thanh cun ngang

Thao tc:

Nhp chut vo mi tn sang tri cun mn hnh i sang tri.

Nhp chut vo mi tn sang phi cun mn hnh sang phi.

Thanh Sheet tab

di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet ta nhp chut ln tn ca sheet trn thanh sheet tab. Ngoi ra chng ta c th dng di chuyn n sheet lin trc sheet hin hnh v di chuyn n sheet lin sau sheet hin hnh. tr v sheet u tin bn nhp chut v nt trn thanh sheet tab v n sheet cui cng th bn nhp chut vo nt trn thanh sheet tab. Nu mun n mt sheet no trong trng hp c qu nhiu sheet th bn hy nhp phi chut vo thanh v chn tn sheet cn n.

S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn

n c ni cn thit trong bng tnh ngoi vic dng chut cun cc thanh cun ngang v dc, cc phm mi tn th bn nn nh cc t hp phm bng bn di gip di chuyn c nhanh hn.

Nhn phmDi chuyn

hoc TabSang bn phi

hoc Shift + TabSang bn tri

Ln dng

Xung dng

Homen ct A ca dng hin hnh

Ctrl + Homen a ch A1 trong worksheet

Ctrl + Endn a ch c cha d liu sau cng trong worksheet

Alt + Page UpDi chuyn hin hnh qua tri mt mn hnh

Alt + Page DownDi chuyn hin hnh qua phi mt mnh hnh

Page UpDi chuyn hin hnh ln trn mt mn hnh

Page DownDi chuyn hin hnh xung di mt mn hnh

F5M hp thoi Go To

End + hoc Ctrl + n bn phi u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng

End + hoc Ctrl + n bn tri u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng

End + hoc Ctrl + Ln pha trn u tin m trn hoc di n l trng

End + hoc Ctrl + Xung pha di u tin m trn hoc di n l trng

Ctrl + Page UpDi chuyn n sheet pha trc sheet hin hnh

Ctrl + Page DownDi chuyn n sheet pha sau sheet hin hnh

Cc phm tt di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh1.5 Thao tc vi workbook

To mi workbook

Chn nt Office New, mt hp thoi hin ra (xem hnh bn di) cung cp nhiu la chn to workbook nh: workbook trng, workbook theo mu dng sn, workbook da trn mt workbook c. to workbook trng, bn chn Blank workbook v nhp nt Create.

M workbook c sn trn aMt tp tin c sn c th c m bng nhiu cch:

1. Chn nt Office chn tn tp tin trong danh sch Recent Documents, c th c ti a 50 tn tp tin c s dng gn y nht trong danh sch ny ( iu chnh th nhn vo nt Office Excel Options Advance phn Display Show this number of Recent Documents ).

2. Dng trnh qun l tp tin nh Windows Explorer, tm n ni lu tr tp tin v nhp chut hai ln ln tn tp tin.

3. Chn nt Office Open, hp thoi Open hin ra. Trong hp thoi Open, chng ta phi tm n ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v chn tn tp tin cn m sau nhn nt Open m tp tin. Cc ty chn ca nt Open trong hp thoi Open: Open (m bnh thng), Open Read-Only (Khng lu c nhng thay i), Open as Copy (To bn sao ca tp tin v m ra), Open in Browser (M tp tin bng trnh duyt web mc nh), Open and Repair (Rt hu dng trong trng hp tp tin b li).

Lu workbook

t iu cn lu khi lm vic trn my tnh l cc bn phi nh thc hin lnh lu li cng vic thc hin thng xuyn. Vic ra lnh lu tr khng tn nhiu thi gian nhng nu my b hng hay cp in t ngt c th mt tong c gi lm vic ca bn. Nhm an ton cho d liu, bn nn bt tnh nng Auto Recover, Excel s t ng thc hin lnh lu theo thi gian qui nh (mc nh l 10 pht lu mt ln). s dng tnh nng Auto Recover bn chn nt Office Excel Options Save, sau nh du chn vo Save AutoRecover information every minutes.

Mt s cch lu workbook:

1. Chn nt Office Save

2. Nhp chut ln nt trn thanh lnh truy cp nhanh (Quick Access Tollbar).

3. Dng t hp phm hoc .

Nu tp tin c lu trc ri th Excel s lu tip cc phn cp nht, cn nu l tp tin c ra lnh lu ln u th hp thoi Save As hin ra. Trong hp thoi Save As, bn hy chn ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v t tn cho tp tin ti hp File name, chn kiu tp tin ti Save as type v sau nhn nt Save lu tr.

Minh ha lu tp tin

Qui tt t tn: t tn tp tin Excel dng chung qui tt t tn tp tin ca Windows. Tn tp tin c th di ti 255 k t bao gm c khong trng. Tuy nhin trong tn tp tin khng c dng cc k hiu nh: \ ? : * < > |

bo mt tp tin, chng ta c th gn mt m bo v, khi cn phi bit mt m mi c php m tp tin (tr nhng cch t o!).

B1. Nhn nt Office Save As, hp thoi Save As hin ra.

B2. Nhn nt Tools chn General Options, hp thoi General Options hin ra

B3. Nhp mt m m v hiu chnh workbook (hai mt m ny nn khc nhau tng bo mt). Sau nhn nt OK

B4. Xc nhn li mt m m workbook. Sau nhn nt OK

B5. Xc nhn li mt m hiu chnh workbook. Sau nhn nt OK

B6. Nhn nt Save hon tt.

Dng mt m bo v workbook

Cc ty chn trong hp General Options: Always create backup (to bn sao c ui *.xlk trc khi gn mt m), Password to Open (mt m m workbook), Password to modify (mt m cp nht ni dung workbook), Read-only recommended (m di dng ch c).

ng workbook

Mt s cch ng workbook:

1. Chn nt Office Close

2. Dng chut chn nt gc trn bn phi (trn thanh tiu ).

3. Dng t hp phm hoc . Nu workbook c s thay i ni dung th Excel s nhc bn lu li cc thay i .

Sp xp workbook

Chi m nhiu workbook cng lc v cn tham kho qua li, thun tin ta nn sp xp li: R chut nhn vo nhm lnh View chn nt Arrange All Chn kiu b tr thch hp.

Sp xp cc workbook trong ca s Excel

1.6. Thao tc vi worksheet

Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook

C nhiu cch thc hin:

1. Nhn vo nt trn thanh sheet tab 2. Dng t hp phm chn sheet mi vo trc sheet hin hnh.

3. Nhn chn nhm Home n nhm Cells Insert Insert sheet

4. Nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v chn Insert, hp thoi Insert hin ra, chn Worksheet v nhn nt OK. Sheet mi s chn vo trc sheet hin hnh.

Minh ha chn sheet mi

i tn worksheet

Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn i tn thanh sheet tab, chn Rename, g tn mi vo, xong nhn phm Enter. Tn sheet c th di ti 31 k t v c th dng khong trng, tuy nhin khng c dng cc k hiu t tn nh: : / \ ? *

Xa worksheet

Mun xa work sheet, bn lm theo cc cch sau:

1. Chn sheet mun xa chn nhm Home chn nhm Cells Delete Delete sheet

2. Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mun xa sau chn Delete, xc nhn xa OK.

Sp xp th t cc worksheet

C nhiu cch thc hin sp xp worksheet nh:

1. Nhp tri chut ln tn sheet cn sp xp v gi chut ko n v tr mi v th chut.

2. Khi c qu nhiu sheet th dng cch ny, nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn sp xp, chn Move or Copy. hp thoi Move or Copy hin ra. Hy nhp chn ln tn sheet trong danh sch m bn mun di chuyn sheet n trc n, sau nhn OK.

Sao chp worksheet

Nhp phi chut ln sheet, chn Move or Copychn v tr t bn sao trong vng Before sheet nh du chn vo hp Creat a copy nhn nt OK. Ngoi ra sao chp nhanh bn nhn gi phm Ctrl ri dng chut chn ln tn sheet cn sao chp gi tri chut r n v tr t bn sao trn thanh sheet tab th tri chut.

sao chp nhiu sheet cng lc cng lm tng t nhng phi chn nhiu sheet trc khi thc hin lnh. chn c nhiu sheet bn hy gi phm chn sheet.

chp mt hay nhiu sheet sang mt workbook khc, bn hy m workbook ln sau thc hin lnh Move or Copy v nh chn tn workbook ch ti To book (nu chn workbook ch (new book) th s sao chp cc sheet n mt workbook mi).

Chn mu cho sheet tab

Vic t mu gip qun l thanh sheet tab c tt hn. t mu cho cc sheet tab bn ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn t mu, tip theo hy chn Tab Color v chn mu thch hp.

n/ Hin worksheet

Khi bn khng mun ngi khc thy mt hay nhiu sheet no th bn c th n n i. Khng th n ht cc sheet trong workbook m phi cn li t nht mt sheet khng b n. Mun n sheet bn ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mun n v chn Hide th l sheet c n. Khi mun cho hin tr li mt sheet, bn nhp phi chut ln thanh Sheet tab v chn Unhide sau chn tn sheet cn cho hin v nhn nt OK.

1.7 S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc

Trong qu trnh thao tc trn bng tnh i khi chng ta cn phng to hay thu nh cc ca s c c gc nhn tt hn, hoc xem ni dung ca cng mt worksheet di nhiu gc khc nhau, hoc chia ca s worksheet thnh nhiu Tab d dng tham chiu, hay gi c nh tiu mt danh sch di trong khi cun cc thanh cun,

S dng thanh Zoom

Excel 2010 b tr thanh cng c Zoom dng phng to thu nh khung lm vic ca bng tnh. Thanh zoom nm ngay gc di bn phi mn hnh v c th gip thu nh v phng to khung lm vic t 10% n ti 400%, phng to th nhn v nt du cng cn thu nh th nhn vo nt du tr.

Thanh Zoom

Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s

Tnh nng ny c bit hu ch khi bn mun xem mt worksheet hay cc worksheet trong cng mt workbook di nhiu gc khc nhau, mi mt nhn bn xem s c gn thm ch s pha sau tn tp tin. Chn nhm View Window New Window

so snh hai worksheet th sau khi lm bc trn bn chn tip nhm View Window View Side by Side. Khi s dng chc nng ny khi bn cun thanh cun ca s ny th ca s kia cng c cun theo. tt tnh nng cun ng thi ny bn vo View Window Synchronous Scrolling (nu n ang bt).

Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu

Tnh nng rt hay c dng khi thao tc trn cc danh sch di hoc trong tnh ton cn phi thc hin nhiu vic tham chiu. chia ca s bng tnh: t hin hnh ti vi tr cn chia trn bng tnh, sau chn View Window Split. b khung bng tnh th nhn nt Split li mt ln na hoc nhp chut 2 ln ln ng chia dc v ngang. Ngoi ra, u ca cc thanh cun dc v ngang c mt ngn nh m khi r chut ln s c biu tng (cng c chia nhanh khung bng tnh), bn gi tri chut v ko ra ni mun chia trn ca s lm vic ca bng tnh.

Minh ha chia 4, chia 2 dc, chia 2 ngang

Ngoi vic chia khung lm vic, Excel cn h tr bn c nh mt vng no trn ca s lm vic v d nh dng tiu ca mt danh sch. Vic c nh ny rt hu ch v n gip ta lun thy c dng tiu mc d cun mn hnh xung pha di nhp liu. c nh bn hy t hin hnh ti v tr cn c nh, sau chn View Window Freeze Panes chn kiu c nh ph hp. Nu chn: Freeze Panes: S c nh dng pha trn v ct bn tri hin hnh Freeze Top Row: C nh dng u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch Freeze First Column: C nh ct u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch

Minh ha c nh cc tiu b c nh th vo View Window Freeze Panes Unfreeze Panes

S dng Watch Window

Tnh nng ny gip ta theo di cc trong qu trnh tnh ton. Bn mun gim st no th a n vo danh sch gim st ca s ca Watch Window. Gi ca s Watch Window bn chn nhm Formulas Formula Auditing Watch Window, sau chn cn theo di v nhn vo nt Add Watch trn ca s Watch Window.

Ca s Watch WindowChng 2: Lm vic vi d liu trong Excel2.1. Nhp liu, hiu chnh

Cc trong bng tnh c th cha cc con s, cc chui vn bn hay cc biu thc ton hc. Ngoi ra bng tnh cn c th cha cc biu , s , hnh nh, cc i tng ny khng cha trong m ni trn b mt bng tnh.

Nhp liu

Nhp s, chui, thi gian, ngy thng nm

B1. Trn worksheet, chn cn nhp liu

B2. Nhp vo con s, chui vn bn, ngy thng hay thi gian, m bn cn

B3. Nhp xong nhn Enter ( hin hnh chuyn xung di) hoc Tab ( hin hnh chuyn qua phi) kt thc.

Lu :

Nu nhp cc con s vo m Excel hin th ##### l do chiu rng ct khng bn bn tng thm chiu rng ct.

Mc nh Excel s dng du chm (.) phn cch phn s nguyn v phn s thp phn.

Khi nhp cc con s m cc con s ny khng cn tnh ton th bn nn nh dng l Text trc khi nhp (Home nhm Number chn Text t danh sch).

Ngy v thi gian nhp vo th n dng nh dng ngy mc nh trong Control Panel Regional and Language Options.

Khi nhp ngy dng du / hoc - phn cch, v d 10/05/2007 hoc 10-05-2007. Khi mun nhp ngy hin ti vo hy g . Khi mun dng nh dng ngy mc nh cho cha ngy th chn v g .

Khi nhp thi gian v mun nh dng theo chun 12 gi th thm A hoc P vo sau thi gian nhp vo, v d 8:30 AM hoc 4:15 PM, nu khng Excel t hiu l AM. Khi mun nhp thi gian hin ti vo hy g . Khi mun dng nh dng thi gian mc nh cho cha thi gian th chn v g . Mun nhp cng mt ni dung cho nhiu , bn hy chn cc v nhp liu vo sau nhn . Ngoi ra cn c th s dng chc nng AutoFill (phn sau). Mun nhp cng ni dung trn cc nhiu sheet, bn hy chn cc sheet , sau chn cc trn sheet hin hnh, tip theo nhp liu (c th mt d liu do b nhp ln cc c d liu). b chn cc sheet th nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v chn Ungroup Sheets.

V d nhp cc loi d liu

Nhp cc k t c bit

B1. Mun nhp k t c bit vo, trc tin chn v n ni cn chn trong .

B2. Chn Insert nhm Text chn Symbol

B3. Trong hp thoi Symbol hy chn k t cn, c th i kiu Font ti hp Font.

B4. Nhn nt Insert chn.

V d chn vo

Hy lnh (Undo), phc hi lnh (Redo), lp li lnh sau cng

hy mt lnh va thc hin bn nhn chut ln nt hay dng phm

ang nhp liu vo mun hy th nhn phm ESC

phc hi lnh va hy th nhn nt hay dng phm

thc hin li lnh sau cng nhn

Hiu chnh ni dung

Xa ni dung cc B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu cn xa

B2. Nhn Delete trn bn phm (xa cch ny th ch xa ni dung cc nh dng ca vn cn). Ngoi ra xa bn c th vo Home nhm Editing Clear ( ) v chn cc lnh:

Clear All: Xa tt c ni dung v nh dng

Clear Formats: Ch xa phn nh dng ca

Clear Contents: Ch xa ni dung, cn nh dng

Clear Comments: Ch xa cc ch thch ca nu c

Lu cc lnh trn khng xa c nh dng ca bng (table)

Nhp ln c sn ni dung

Mun nhp ln cc c sn ni dung, trc tin bn hy chn v nhp vo ni dung mi. Khi , ni dung c ca s mt i v thay bng ni dung va nhp .

Hiu chnh ni dung cc

Mun hiu chnh ni dung sn c ca bn lm cc cch sau:

1. Nhp chut hai ln ln cn hiu chnh dng chut hoc cc phm mi tn di chuyn n ni cn hiu chnh dng phm Backspace hoc Delete xa mt s ni dung sau nhp vo ni dung mi.

2. Chn cn hiu chnh v nhn F2 vo ch hiu chnh v lm tng t nh trn

3. Chn cn hiu chnh, sau nhp chut vo thanh cng thc (Formula)

S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu

S dng chc nng AutoFill

S dng cng c ny Excel s gip bn in t ng d liu theo cc mu AutoFill c sn. Ngoi ra bn cn c th to thm cc mu phc v cho cng vic ca mnh.

Danh sach mt s AutoFill co san

Cc gi tr khi uChui sau khi m rng

1, 2, 34, 5, 6

9:0010:00, 11:00, 12:00

MonTue, Wed, Thu

MondayTuesday, Wednesday, Thursday

Jan

Jan, Apr Jul, Oct, Jan

Jan-99, Apr-99Jul-99, Oct-99, Jan-00

15-Jan, 15-Apr15-Jul, 15-Oct

1999, 20002001, 2002, 2003

1-Jan, 1-Mar1-May, 1-Jul, 1-Sep,...

Qtr3 (or Q3 or Quarter3)Qtr4, Qtr1, Qtr2,...

Product 1, On backorderProduct 2, On backorder, Product 3, On backorder,...

Text1, textAtext2, textA, text3, textA,...

1st Period2nd Period, 3rd Period,...

Product 1Product 2, Product 3,...

Bn mun in cc s l trong khong t 1 n 25 vo ct A bn lm nh sau:

B1. Chn u tin A1 v nhp vo s 1

B2. Chn tip theo A2 nhp vo s 3 (bc nhy bng 3-1 = 2, Excel s cng s 2 vo cha s l trc c c s l k tip).

B3. Chn hai A1:A2, di chuyn chut xung du vung nh mu en (Fill handle) gc di bn phi vng chn cho chut bin thnh du cng mu en.

B4. Gi tri chut ko xung pha di cho n khi hin s 25 th dng li.

Khi bn mun in t ng (sao chp) d liu hay cng thc ca hin hnh cho cc bn tri, bn phi, pha trn hay bn di n th bn lm theo cc cch sau:

1. Chn hin hnh ang cha d liu hay cng thc cn sao chp, sau gi Fill handle v ko theo hng bn cn (ln, xung, tri hay phi). Khi d liu hay biu thc s c sao chp.

2. Chn cha d liu (hay cng thc) cn sao chp v tt c cc cn sao d liu n, sau vo Home nhm Editing Fill chn hng ph hp (Down, Right, Up, Left).

T to danh sch AutoFill bn vo nt Office Excel Options Popular trong phn trong phn Top options for working with Excel chn Edit Custom Lists hp thoi Custom Lists hin ra. Ti y, bn hy nhp vo danh sch trong khung List entries, sau khi nhp xong nhn nt Add thm vo Custom lists v k t lc ny bn c th s dng chc nng AutoFill vi danh sch t to ca bn.

Mun xa mt danh sch th bn ch cn chn danh sch v nhn nt Delete.

Nu mun hiu chnh danh sch th chn danh sch v hiu chnh trong List entries, sau khi hiu chnh xong nhn nt Add.

S dng chc nng Automatic Completion

Chc nng Automatic Completion gip bn nhp cc chui vn bn ging nhau cc c nhanh chng hn. Tuy nhin, chc nng ny i khi cng lm bn kh chu, bt tt bn vo nt Office Excel Options chn Tab Advance ti Editing options Enable AutoComplete for cell values.

S dng chc nng AutoCorrect

AutoCorrect gip bn sa cc li chnh t nhp liu khi nhp bng ting Anh, ngoi ra n cn gip nhp nhanh cc k hiu hay cc on vn bn lp i lp li. Chng ta c th thm vo cc cm t m chng ta thng hay dng vo danh sch ca AutoCorrect. thm t vo danh sch AutoCorrect lm theo cc bc sau:

B1. Chn nt Office Excel Options Proofing AutoCorrect Options

B2. Ti Tab AutoCorrect chn Replace text as you type th chc nng ny mi c tc dng

B3. Trong hp Replace g cm t thng hay g sai (hoc g vo m tc k)

B4. Trong hp With g cm t ng vo (hoc g vo nguyn bn ca m tc k)

B5. Nhn nt Add thm vo danh sch

hiu chnh mt mc t trong danh sch th chn mc t v g ni dung mi vo hai hp Replace v With, sau nhn nt Replace. Mun xa mt mc t trong danh sch th chn mc t v nhn nt Delete.

Minh ha thm m tc k vn v nguyn vn

2.2. nh dng

nh dng chung

Cc nt nh dng thng dng ca Excel c b tr rt thun li truy cp trong nhm Home ca thanh Ribbon. Trong qu trnh son tho, tnh ton trn Excel, mi khi cn nh dng bn ch vic nhn chut ln nt lnh ph hp di y.

nh dng vn bn v s

Khi cn cc nh dng phc tp hn m trn thanh Ribbon khng c nt lnh th bn truy cp vo hp thoi Format Cells: Chn Home nhm Cells Format Format Cells

Gii thch hp thoi Format Cells

nh dngM t

Tab Number

CategoryDanh sch cc loi nh dng s, gi tr

SampleHin th nh dng ca gi tr trong hin hnh theo cc nh dng bn chn

Decimal places Ti a c th c 30 s sau du thp phn, ch p dng cho dng Number, Currency, Accounting, Percentage, v Scientific.

Use 1000 Separator (,) Chn ny nu mun c du phn cch gia hng nghn, triu, tch p dng cho dng Number

Negative numbersChn loi nh dng th hin cho s m, ch p dng cho dng Number v Currency.

SymbolChn loi k hiu tin t, ch p dng cho dng Currency v Accounting

TypeChn kiu hin th ph hp cho gi tr , ch p dng cho cc dng Date, Time, Fraction, Special, v Custom.

Locale (location) Chn loi ngn ng khc p dng nh dng gi tr, ch p dng cho cc dng Date, Time, v Special.

Tab Alignment

Text alignment HorizontalC cc la chn dng canh chnh ni dung theo chiu ngang. Mc nh Excel canh l tri cho vn bn, l phi cho gi tr , cc gi tr lun l v cc li c canh gia.

VerticalC cc la chn dng canh chnh ni dung theo chiu dc. Mc nh Excel canh l di cho vn bn.

IndentTht u cc dng ni dung ca .

OrientationChn cc hng ca vn bn trong cc .

Degreest gi tr xoay vn bn. Cc gi tr t -90 n 90

Text control Wrap textNi dung trong c xung nhiu dng ty thuc vo rng ct v di ni dung. (xem chi tit phn di)

Shrink to fitGim kch c ch tt c ni dung trong va vi rng ct

Merge cellsNi cc chn thnh mt ( trnh by phn trn)

Right-to-left Text directionXc nh trnh t c v canh l

Tab Font

Font

Font style Chn kiu thng, in nghin, in mca Font ch, kiu mc nh l Regular.

SizeKch thc font ch , t c 1 n 1638 v mc nh l c ch 11 point.

UnderlineChn kiu gch chn cho vn bn trong danh sch, mc nh l None.

ColorChn mu cho vn bn, mc nh l Automatic (do Excel t chn mu)

Normal fontNu chn s loi b cc nh dng Font khc v tr v dng bnh thng

Effects StrikethroughC thm ng gch ngang vn bn

SuperscriptLm cho vn bn co li v y ln trn

SubscriptLm cho vn bn co li v y xung di

PreviewXem trc kt qu nh dng bn va chn

Tab Border

LineChn kiu v kch c cc ng k khung, sau chn cc nt bn hp Border k

PresetsChn khng k khung, k ng bao v k cc ng phn cch gia cc

ColorChn mu cho cc ng k

BorderCc nt bao quanh hnh minh ha dng k cc ng bao cc

Tab Fill

Background Color Chn mu nn cho cc . Fill Effects cung cp cc hiu ng t mu nn (xem chi tit phn di).

More ColorsB sung thm cc mu v cng c pha ch mu.

Pattern Color Cc mu mu nn

Pattern Stylecc kiu mu t nn . Xem trc kt qu chn mu v kiu mu ti Sample

Tab Protection

LockedKha vic thay i, di chuyn, xa, cc , ch c tc dng khi sheet c bo v

Hiddenn cng thc trong , ch co tc dng khi sheet c bo v (xem phn sau)

GeneralExcel mc nh dng kiu ny nh dng gi tr, khi s di hn 12 s th nh dng

Generalchuyn sang dng Scientific

NumberDng nh dng cc con s, bn c th chn du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn, ng thi c th chn kiu hin th s m.

CurrencyDng nh dng cc n v tin t cho cc gi tr, ta c th chn du phn cch thp phn v nh s con s sau du thp phn, ng thi c th chn kiu hin th s m.

AccountingDng nh dng cc n v tin t trong k ton, n t k hiu tin t v gi tr hai ct khc nhau.

DateDng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo chn la ti phn Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c du (*) l nh dng ly t h thng (Control Panel).

TimeDng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo chn la ti phn Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c du (*) l nh dng ly t h thng (Control Panel).

Percentagenh dng ny ly gi tr trong nhn vi 100 v thm du % vo sau kt qu, bn c th chn du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn.

Fractionnh dng ny hin th con s di dng phn s ty theo Type bn chn.

ScientificHin th con s di dng khoa hc . V d, s 12345678901 nh dng theo Scientific l 1.23E+10, ngha l 1.23 x 1010. Bn c th chn du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn.

Textnh dng ni dung ging nh nhng g nhp vo k c cc con s.

Specialnh dng cc con s dng m bu chnh (ZIP Code), s in thoi, s bo him

CustomDng hiu chnh cc m nh dng ang p dng hay to mi cc nh dng do bn p dng. Ta c th thm vo t 200 n 250 nh dng t to ty theo ngn ng v phin bn Excel. (xem phn sau)

S dng Wrap Text

Khi bn mun on vn bn di trong c nhiu dng th bn dng chc nng wrap text hoc dng xung dng ti v tr mong mun.

B1. Chn cn nh dng Wrap text, v d A1

B2. Chn Home Alignment chn Wrap Text (). Nu dng khng t ng m rng l do b thit lp chiu cao c nh, bn vo Home Cells Format ti Cells Size chn AutoFit Row Height

Xoay ch (Orientation)

B1. Chn cc cn xoay ch A1:D1

B2. Chn Home nhm Alignment Orientation Angle Counterclockwise

nh dng khung (border)

K ng bao xung quanh vng B2:E18 m, c ng phn cch gia cc bng nt mnh v mu tt c ng k l mu .

B1. Chn danh sch cn k khung B2:E18

B2. Chn Home nhm Cells Format Chn Format Cells

B3. Vo Tab Border, chn mu l Red ( ) ti Color

B4. Chn Style l nt m , sau chn nt Outline ti Preset

B5. Chn Style l nt mnh , sau chn nt Inside ti Preset

B6. Nhn OK hon tt

Hiu ng t nn (Fill effect)

B1. Chn vng cn t mu nn B2:E18

B2. Chn Home nhm Cells Format Chn Format Cells

B3. Vo Tab Fill Chn Fill Effects

B4. Chn cc mu cn phi hp: Color 1 (v d l mu vng Yellow) v Color 2 (Blue)

B5. Chn Shading styles l Vertical v chn kiu th 3

B6. Nhn OK hai ln hon tt.

T ng nh dng c iu kin.

Vi Excel 2010 nh dng c iu kin s gip bn ch ra cc mu trong d liu v s dng rt n gin. Ch cn nh du mt nhm cc v kch vo Conditional Formatting trn ribbon Home. Khi a chut trn nhng la chn, bn s thy preview ca n ngay lp tc. C th gn cho mi mt mu phn nh th hng ca n trong ton b di cc gi tr, thm mt thanh d liu trong sut phn nh gi tr ca Cch thc tin hnh ny cho php n gin hn rt nhiu so vi s phc tp trong hp thoi Conditional Formatting ca Excel 2003.

Bng v nh dng bng (table)

Excel thit lp sn rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng v cn h tr to thm cc biu mu mi. Excel ch cho php xa cc biu mu t to thm v cho php xa nh dng bng. Ngoi ra ta c th hiu chnh nh dng bng khi cn thit.

p nh dng bng cho danh sch v chuyn danh sch thnh bng

B1. Chn danh B2:E18

B2. Chn Home nhm Styles chn Format As Table

B3. Ca s Style lit k rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng, chn mt trong cc biu mu. V d chn mu Light s 9

B4. Ca s Format As Table hin ln nhn OK xc nhn.

to mu mi th ti bc 3 chn New Table Style, sau t tn cho biu mu mi v nhn Format ch bin biu mu.

Mun xa mt mu t to th vo Home Style Format As Table, ti phn Custom nhp phi chut ln biu mu v chn Delete.

Cc ty chn hiu chnh bng c Table Tools Tab Design trn thanh Ribbon

Xa kiu nh dng bng ang p dng v chuyn bng v danh sch

xa mt kiu nh dng bng ang p dng, trc tin hy chn bng, ti Tab Design vo nhm Table Styles chn More ( ) chn Clear. n lc ny vng chn vn cn l

bng do vy n c cc tnh nng ca bng.

chuyn mt bng v thnh danh sch th chn bng, sau vo Tab Design, ti nhm Tools chn Convert to Range.

S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes)

Cc mu ti liu dng sn gip ngi s dng to nn cc ti liu c dng v chuyn nghip v rt d s dng. Cc biu mu ti liu c thit k sn vi nhiu mu, font ch, hnh nh, th, vi nhiu hiu ng p mt. Ngoi ra chng ta cn c th hiu chnh v ch bin cc mu ny.

p dng biu mu ti liu bn vo chn nhm Page Layout Themes Chn mt biu mu t danh sch.

C th hiu chnh biu mu: vo Colors chn li mu, vo Fonts chn li kiu Font v vo Effects chn li hiu ng.

Lu bng phi p dng Style th mi c tc dng.

To biu mu mi Colors v Font bn vo Page Layout Themes chn Colors chn Create New Themes Colors hay Page Layout Themes chn Fonts chn Create New Themes Fonts. Nh lu li (Save) sau khi to.

Khi i kiu mu khc ng lot cc i tng c p dng biu mu thay i nh dng v khng b thay i ni dung.

2.3 Tm v thay th d liu

tm d liu hoc tm v thay th d liu:

Kch nt Find & Select trn nhm Editing ca tab Home

Chn Find hoc Replace

Hp thoi Find and Replace xut hin, nhp t mun tm trong mc Find What (nu bn chn Find bc trn) hoc nhp t mun tm trong mc Find What v t thay th trong mc Replace with (nu bn chn Replace bc trn).

Kch nt Options tm thm cc ty chn

2.4 Sp xp v lc d liu

Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) l nhng tnh nng cho php bn thao tc d liu trong mt bng tnh c thit lp da trn cc tiu chun.

Sp xp thc hin mt sp xp theo chiu tng dn hay gim dn trn mt ct:

nh du cc mun c sp xp

Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home Kch nt Sort Ascending (A-Z) hay Sort Descending (Z-A)

Ty chnh sp xp

sp xp nhiu hn mt ct:

Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home

Chn ct m bn mun sp xp u tin

Kch Add Level Chn ct tip theo bn mun sp xp

Kch OK

Lc d liu

B lc cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh. s dng b lc:

Kch vo ct hoc chn cc ct cha d liu m bn mun lc

Trn tab Home, kch Sort & Filter

Kch nt Filter Kch vo mi tn pha di u tin

Kch Text Filter Kch Words bn mun lc

Nhn chut vo y xem nh gc

khng p dng b lc, kch nt Sort & Filter

Kch Clear

Chng 3: Gii Thiu V S Dng Cc Hm

3.1 Gii thiu cng thc v hm:

Gii thiu cng thc (Formula)

Cng thc gip bng tnh hu ch hn rt nhiu, nu khng c cc cng thc th bng tnh cng ging nh trnh son tho vn bn. Chng ta dng cng thc tnh ton t cc d liu lu tr trn bng tnh, khi d liu thay i cc cng thc ny s t ng cp nht cc thay i v tnh ra kt qu mi gip chng ta tn cng sc tnh li nhiu ln. Vy cng thc c cc thnh phn g?

Cng thc trong Excel c nhn dng l do n bt u l du = v sau l s kt hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s, cc a ch tham chiu v cc hm.

V d:

V d v cng thc

Cc ton t trong cng thc

Ton t Chc nng V d Kt qu

+ Cng =3+3 3 cng 3 l 6

- Tr =45-4 45 tr 4 cn 41

* Nhn =150*.05 150 nhn 0.50 thnh 7.5

/ Chia =3/3 3 chia 3 l 1

^ Ly tha =2^4 =16^(1/4) 2 ly tha 4 thnh 16 Ly cn bc 4 ca 16 thnh 2

& Ni chui =L & Thanh Ni chui L v Thanh li thnh L Thanh

= Bng =A1=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu: FALSE

> Ln hn =A1>B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu: FALSE

< Nh hn =A1= Ln hn hoc bng =A1>=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu: FALSE

=5,t,Rt): hm 3 i s

=PMT(10%,4,1000,,1): hm nhiu i s v i s ty chn

Trong Excel 2010 c cc hm chnh nh sau:

Hm ngoi: Call, Registed.ID,

Hm ly d liu t SSAS: Cubeset, Cubevalue,

Hm d liu: Dmin, Dmax, Dcount,

Hm ngy v thi gian: Time, Now, Date,.

Hm k thut: Dec2Bin, Dec2Hex, Dec2Oct,

Hm ti chnh: Npv, Pv, Fv, Rate,

Hm thng tin: Cell, Thng tin, IsNa,

Hm lun l: If, And, Or,

Hm tham chiu v tm kim: Choose, Vlookup, OffSet,

Hm ton v lng gic: Log, Mmult, Round,

Hm thng k: Stdev, Var, CountIf,

Hm vn bn: Asc, Find, Text,

Chng ta s cng nghin cu cch s dng tng hm trong cc nhm hm trn cc phn sau.

Nhp cng thc v hm

Nhp cng thc trong Excel rt n gin, mun nhp cng thc vo no bn ch vic nhp du = v sau l s kt hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s, cc a ch tham chiu v cc hm. Bn c th nhn vo thanh Formula thy c trn cng thc. Mt iu ht sc lu khi lm vic trn bng tnh l trnh nhp trc tip cc con s, gi tr vo cng thc m bn nn dng n tham chiu.

V d:

Minh ha dng tham chiu trong hm

Trong v d trn, i s th nht ca hm NPV chng ta khng nhp trc sut chit tnh 10% vo hm m nn tham chiu n a ch cha n l I2, v nu li sut c thay i th ta ch cn nhp gi tr mi vo I2 th chng ta s thu c kt qu NPV mi ngay khng cn phi chnh sa li cng thc.

Gi s cc C2:G2 c t tn l DongTien, v I2 t tn l LaiSuat (Xem li cch t tn vng bi s 1) th trong qu trnh nhp cng thc bn c th lm nh sau:

B1. Ti B4 nhp vo =NPV(B2. Nhn F3, ca s Paste Name hin ra

B3. Chn LaiSuat v nhn OKB4. Nhp du phy (,) v g F3B5. Chn DongTien v nhn OKB6. Nhp du ng ngoc ri nhp du +B7. Nhp chut vo B2B8. Nhn phm Enter

Chn tn vng vo cng thcMt trong nhng cch d dng nht s dng hm trong Excel l s dng th vin hm. Khi bn mun s dng hm no ch vic vo thanh Ribbon chn nhm Formulas Function Library -> chn nhm hm -> chn hm cn s dng. Ngoi ra bn c th nhn vo nt gi hp thoi Insert Function mt cch nhanh chng v khi cn tm hiu v hm ny bn ch cn nhn vo Help on this function.

Hp thoi Insert FunctionTham chiu trong cng thc Cc tham chiu s dng trong cng thc gip cho chng ta khi tn cng sa cha cc cng thc khi cc gi tr tnh ton c s thay i. C 3 loi tham chiu sau:

Tham chiu a ch tng i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu s thay i khi chng ta sao chp hoc di di cng thc n v tr khc mt lng tng ng vi s dng v s ct m ta di di. V d A5:B7, C4

Tham chiu a ch tuyt i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu khng thay i khi ta di di hay sao chp cng thc. V d $A$5:$B$7, $C$4

Tham chiu hn hp: Phi hp tham chiu a ch tng i v tuyt i. V d A$5 ngha l ct A tng i v dng 5 tuyt i.

Lu : Du $ trc th t ct l c nh ct v trc th t dng l c nh dng. Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct.

Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct.V d: Tnh thnh tin bng S lng nhn Gi. i sang gi tr Thnh tin sang VND. Tnh tng cc ct Thnh tin v ct VND.

Minh ha a ch tng i v tuyt i

B1. Ti D2 nhp vo =B2*C2 v Enter. Sau qut chn c vng D2:D14 v g . Vo cc D3, D4... D14 ta thy cng thc cc dng t ng c thay i tng ng vi khong cch so vi D2. Trng hp ny chng ta dng a ch tng i ca B2*C2 l v chng ta mun khi sao chp cng thc xung pha di th a ch cc tnh ton s t ng thay i theo.

B2. Ti E2 nhp vo =D2*B$17 v Enter, sau chp cng thc xung cc E3:E14. Chng ta cn c nh dng 17 trong a ch t gi B17 v ta mun khi sao cng thc xung th cc cng thc sao chp vn tham chiu n B17 tnh ton.

B3. Ti D15 nhp vo =Sum(D2:D14) v chp sang E15.

Lu : Tham chiu n a ch worksheet khc nhng cng workbook th c dng

Tn_sheet!a_ch_. V d:

=A2*Sheet2!A2

=A2*Thong so!B4Khi tn sheet c cha khong trng th trong cp nhy n Tham chiu n a ch trong workbook khc th c dng

[Tn_Workbook]Tn_sheet!a_ch_.

V d:=A2*[Bai2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4

=A2*[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4

Khi tn Sheet hay Workbook c cha khon trng trong cp nhy n =A2*C:\Tai lieu\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4

Khi tham chiu n workbook khc m workbook ny khng m

=A2*\\DataServer\Excel\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4

Khi tham chiu n ti nguyn chia s trn my ch trong mngCc li thng dng (Formulas errors) Cc li thng dng

LiGii thch

#DIV/0!Trong cng thc c cha php chia cho 0 (zero) hoc chia rng

#NAME?Do dnh sai tn hm hay tham chiu hoc nh thiu du nhy

#N/ACng thc tham chiu n m c dng hm NA kim tra s tn ti ca d liu hoc hm khng c kt qu

#NULL!Hm s dng d liu giao nhau ca 2 vng m 2 vng ny khng c phn chung nn phn giao rng

#NUM!Vn i vi gi tr, v d nh dng nhm s m trong khi ng phi l s dng

#REF!Tham chiu b li, thng l do tham chiu trong hm b xa

#VALUE!Cng thc tnh ton c cha kiu d liu khng ng.

3.2 Cc hm trong excel

a. Nhm hm v thng k

AVEDEV (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh lch tuyt i cc im d liu theo trung bnh ca chng. Thng dng lm thc o v s bin i ca tp s liu

AVERAGE (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng

AVERAGEA (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr, bao gm c nhng gi tr logic

AVERAGEIF (range, criteria1) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt mng theo mt iu kin

AVERAGEIFS (range, criteria1, criteria2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt mng theo nhiu iu kin

COUNT (value1, value2, ...) : m s trong danh sch

COUNTA (value1, value2, ...) : m s c cha gi tr (khng rng) trong danh sch

COUNTBLANK (range) : m cc rng trong mt vng

COUNTIF (range, criteria) : m s tha mt iu kin cho trc bn trong mt dy

COUNTIFS (range1, criteria1, range2, criteria2, ...) : m s tha nhiu iu kin cho trc

DEVSQ (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh bnh phng lch cc im d liu t trung bnh mu ca chng, ri cng cc bnh phng li.

FREQUENCY (data_array, bins_array) : Tnh xem c bao nhiu gi tr thng xuyn xut hin bn trong mt dy gi tr, ri tr v mt mng ng cc s. Lun s dng hm ny dng cng thc mng

GEOMEAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v trung bnh nhn ca mt dy cc s dng. Thng dng tnh mc tng trng trung bnh, trong li kp c cc li bin i c cho trc...

HARMEAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v trung bnh iu ha (nghch o ca trung bnh cng) ca cc s

KURT (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh nhn ca tp s liu, biu th mc nhn hay mc phng tng i ca mt phn b so vi phn b chun

LARGE (array, k) : Tr v gi tr ln nht th k trong mt tp s liu

MAX (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr

MAXA (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc gi tr logic v text

MEDIAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh v ca cc s.

MIN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr

MINA (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc gi tr logic v text

MODE (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr xut hin nhiu nht trong mt mng gi tr

PERCENTILE (array, k) : Tm phn v th k ca cc gi tr trong mt mng d liu

PERCENTRANK (array, x, significance) : Tr v th hng (v tr tng i) ca mt tr trong mt mng d liu, l s phn trm ca mng d liu

PERMUT (number, number_chosen) : Tr v hon v ca cc i tng.

QUARTILE (array, quart) : Tnh im t phn v ca tp d liu. Thng c dng trong kho st d liu chia cc tp hp thnh nhiu nhm...

RANK (number, ref, order) : Tnh th hng ca mt s trong danh sch cc s

SKEW (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v lch ca phn phi, m t khng i xng ca phn phi quanh tr trung bnh ca n

SMALL (array, k) : Tr v gi tr nh nht th k trong mt tp s

STDEV (number1, number2, ...) : c lng lch chun trn c s mu

STDEVA (value1, value2, ...) : c lng lch chun trn c s mu, bao gm c nhng gi tr logic

STDEVP (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp

STDEVPA (value1, value2, ...) : Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp, k c ch v cc gi tr logic

VAR (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phng sai da trn mu

VARA (value1, value2, ...) : Tr v phng sai da trn mu, bao gm c cc tr logic v text

VARP (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phng sai da trn ton th tp hp

VARPA (value1, value2, ...) : Tr v phng sai da trn ton th tp hp, bao gm c cc tr logic v text.

TRIMMEAN (array, percent) : Tnh trung bnh phn trong ca mt tp d liu, bng cch loi t l phn trm ca cc im d liu u v cui tp d liu.

b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut

BETADIST (x, alpha, beta, A, B) : Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.

BETAINV (probability, alpha, beta, A, B) : Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.

BINOMDIST (number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative) : Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th thnh cng ca phn phi nh phn.

CHIDIST (x, degrees_freedom) : Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared.

CHIINV (probability, degrees_freedom) : Tr v nghch o ca xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared.

CHITEST (actual_range, expected_range) : Tr v gi tr ca xc xut t phn phi chi-squared v s bc t do tng ng.

CONFIDENCE (alpha, standard_dev, size) : Tnh khong tin cy cho mt k vng l thuyt

CRITBINOM (trials, probability_s, alpha) : Tr v gi tr nh nht sao cho phn phi nh thc tch ly ln hn hay bng gi tr tiu chun. Thng dng bo m cc ng dng t cht lng...

EXPONDIST (x, lambda, cumulative) : Tnh phn phi m. Thng dng m phng thi gian gia cc bin c...

FDIST (x, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2) : Tnh phn phi xc sut F. Thng dng tm xem hai tp s liu c nhiu mc khc nhau hay khng...

FINV (probability, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2) : Tnh nghch o ca phn phi xc sut F. Thng dng so snh bin thin trong hai tp s liu

FTEST (array1, array2) : Tr v kt qu ca mt php th F. Thng dng xc nh xem hai mu c cc phng sai khc nhau hay khng...

FISHER (x) : Tr v php bin i Fisher ti x. Thng dng kim tra gi thuyt da trn h s tng quan...

FISHERINV (y) : Tnh nghch o php bin i Fisher. Thng dng phn tch mi tng quan gia cc mng s liu...

GAMMADIST (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi tch ly gamma. C th dng nghin cu c phn b lch

GAMMAINV (probability, alpha, beta) : Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch ly gamma.

GAMMLN (x) : Tnh logarit t nhin ca hm gamma

HYPGEOMDIST (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phn phi siu bi (xc sut ca mt s ln thnh cng no ...)

LOGINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) : Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly lognormal ca x (LOGNORMDIST)

LOGNORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev) : Tr v phn phi tch ly lognormal ca x, trong logarit t nhin ca x thng c phn phi vi cc tham s mean v standard_dev.

NEGBINOMDIST (number_f, number_s, probability_s) : Tr v phn phi nh thc m (tr v xc sut m s c number_f ln tht bi trc khi c number_s ln thnh cng, khi xc sut khng i ca mt ln thnh cng l probability_s)

NORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi chun (normal distribution). Thng c s dng trong vic thng k, gm c vic kim tra gi thuyt

NORMINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) : Tnh nghch o phn phi tch ly chun

NORMSDIST (z) : Tr v hm phn phi tch ly chun tc (standard normal cumulative distribution function), l phn phi c tr trung bnh cng l zero (0) v lch chun l 1

NORMSINV (probability) : Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly chun tc

POISSON (x, mean, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi poisson. Thng dng c tnh s lng bin c s xy ra trong mt khong thi gian nht nh

PROB (x_range, prob_range, lower_limit, upper_limit) : Tnh xc sut ca cc tr trong dy nm gia hai gii hn

STANDARDIZE (x, mean, standard_dev) : Tr v tr chun ha t phn phi biu th bi mean v standard_dev

TDIST (x, degrees_freedom, tails) : Tr v xc sut ca phn phi Student (phn phi t), trong x l gi tr tnh t t v c dng tnh xc sut.

TINV (probability, degrees_freedom) : Tr v gi tr t ca phn phi Student.

TTEST (array1, array2, tails, type) : Tnh xc xut kt hp vi php th Student.

WEIBULL (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi Weibull. Thng s dng trong phn tch tin cy, nh tnh tui th trung bnh ca mt thit b.

ZTEST (array, x, sigma) : Tr v xc sut mt pha ca php th z.

c. Nhm hm v tng quan v hi quy tuyn tnh

CORREL (array1, array2) : Tnh h s tng quan gia hai mng xc nh mi quan h ca hai c tnh

COVAR (array1, array2) : Tnh tch s cc lch ca mi cp im d liu, ri tnh trung bnh cc tch s

FORECAST (x, known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh ton hay d on mt gi tr tng lai bng cch s dng cc gi tr hin c, bng phng php hi quy tuyn tnh

GROWTH (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const) : Tnh ton s tng trng d kin theo hm m, bng cch s dng cc d kin hin c.

INTERCEPT (known_y's, known_x's) : Tm im giao nhau ca mt ng thng vi trc y bng cch s dng cc tr x v y cho trc

LINEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats) : Tnh thng k cho mt ng bng cch dng phng php bnh phng ti thiu (least squares) tnh ng thng thch hp nht vi d liu, ri tr v mng m t ng thng . Lun dng hm ny dng cng thc mng.

LOGEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats) : Dng trong phn tch hi quy. Hm s tnh ng cong hm m ph hp vi d liu c cung cp, ri tr v mng ga tr m t ng cong . Lun dng hm ny dng cng thc mng

PEARSON (array1, array2) : Tnh h s tng quan momen tch pearson (r), mt ch mc khng th nguyn, trong khong t -1 n 1, phn nh s m rng quan h tuyn tnh gia hai tp s liu

RSQ (known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh bnh phng h s tng quan momen tch Pearson (r), thng qua cc im d liu trong known_y's v known_x's

SLOPE (known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh h s gc ca ng hi quy tuyn tnh thng qua cc im d liu

STEYX (known_y's, known_x's) : Tr v sai s chun ca tr d on y i vi mi tr x trong hi quy.

TREND (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const) : Tr v cc tr theo xu th tuyn tnh

d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions

ACCRINT (issue, first_interest, settlement, rate, par, frequency, basis, calc_method) : Tnh li tch ly cho mt chng khon tr li theo nh k

ACCRINTM (issue, settlement, rate, par, basis) : Tnh li tch ly i vi chng khon tr li theo k hn

AMORDEGRC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) : Tnh khu hao trong mi ti kha k ton ty theo thi hn s dng ca ti sn (s dng trong cc h thng k ton theo kiu Php)

AMORLINC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) : Tnh khu hao trong mi ti kha k ton (s dng trong cc h thng k ton theo kiu Php)

COUPDAYBS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy k t u k li ti ngy kt ton

COUPDAYS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy trong k li bao gm c ngy kt ton

COUPDAYSCN (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy t ngy kt ton ti ngy tnh li k tip

COUPNCD (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tr v mt con s th hin ngy tnh li k tip k t sau ngy kt ton

COUPNUM (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ln li sut phi tr trong khong t ngy kt ton n ngy o hn

COUPPCD (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tr v mt con s th hin ngy thanh ton li ln trc, trc ngy kt ton

CUMIPMT (rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type) : Tnh li tc tch ly phi tr i vi khon vay trong khong thi gian gia start_period v end_period

CUMPRINC (rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type) : Tr v tin vn tch ly phi tr i vi khon vay trong khong thi gian gia start_period v end_period

DB (cost, salvage, life, period, month) : Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng phng php s d gim dn theo mt mc c nh (fixed-declining balance method) trong mt khong thi gian xc nh.

DDB (cost, salvage, life, period, factor) : Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng phng php s d gim dn kp (double-declining balance method), hay gim dn theo mt t l no , trong mt khong thi gian xc nh.

DISC (settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) : Tnh t l chit khu ca mt chng khon

DOLLARDE (fractional_dollar, fraction) : Chuyn i gi dollar dng phn s sang gi dollar dng thp phn

DOLLARFR (decimal_dollar, fraction) : Chuyn i gi dollar dng thp phn s sang gi dollar dng phn s

DURATION (settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis) : Tnh thi hn hiu lc Macauley da trn ng mnh gi $100 (thi hn hiu lc l trung bnh trng gi tr hin ti ca dng lun chuyn tin mt v c dng lm thc o v s phn hi lm thay i li nhun ca gi tr tri phiu)

EFFECT (nominal_rate, npery) : Tnh li sut thc t hng nm, bit trc li sut danh ngha hng nm v tng s k thanh ton li kp mi nm

FV (rate, nper, pmt, pv, type) : Tnh gi tr k hn ca s u t da trn vic chi tr c nh theo k v li sut c nh

FVSCHEDULE (principal, schedule) : Tnh gi tr k hn ca mt vn ban u sau khi p dng mt chui cc li sut kp (tnh gi tr k hn cho mt u t c li sut thay i)

INTRATE (settlement, maturity, investment, redemption, basis) : Tnh li sut cho mt chng khon u t ton b

IPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tr v khon thanh ton li cho mt u t da trn vic chi tr c nh theo k v da trn li sut khng i

IRR (values, guess) : Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt chui cc lu ng tin mt c th hin bi cc tr s

ISPMT (rate, per, nper, pv) : Tnh s tin li tr ti mt k no i vi mt khon vay c li sut khng i, sau khi tr s tin gc phi tr cho k .

MDURATION (settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis) : Tnh thi hn Macauley sa i cho chng khon da trn ng mnh gi $100

MIRR (values, finance_rate, reinvest_rate) : Tnh t sut doanh li ni ti trong mt chui lun chuyn tin mt theo chu k

NOMINAL (effect_rate, npery) : Tnh li sut danh ngha hng nm, bit trc li sut thc t v cc k tnh li kp mi nm

NPER (rate, pmt, pv, fv, type) : Tnh s k hn tr khon vay trong u t da trn tng chu k, s tin tr v t sut li tc c nh

NPV (rate, value1, value2, ...) : Tnh hin gi rng ca mt khon u t bng cch s dng t l chiu khu vi cc chi khon tr k hn (tr m) v thu nhp (tr dng)

ODDFPRICE (settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn mi ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon c k u tin l (ngn hn hay di hn)

ODDFYIELD (settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tr v li nhun ca mt chng khon c k tnh li u tin l l (ngn hn hay di hn)

ODDLPRICE (settlement, maturity, last_interest, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn mi ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon c k tnh li phiu cui cng l l (ngn hn hay di hn)

ODDLYIELD (settlement, maturity, last_interest, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh li nhun ca chng khon c k cui cng l l (ngn hn hay di hn)

PMT (rate, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tnh tin phi tr i vi khon vay c li sut khng i v chi tr u n

PPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tnh khon vn thanh ton trong mt k hn cho i vi mt khon u t, trong vic chi tr c thc hin u n theo nh k vi mt li sut khng i

PRICE (settlement, maturity, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh gi tr chng khon trn ng mnh gi $100, thanh ton li tc theo chu k

PRICEDISC (settlement, maturity, discount, redemption, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn ng mnh gi $100 ca mt chng khon chit khu

PRICEMAT (settlement, maturity, issue, rate, yld, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn ng mnh gi $100 ca mt chng khon phi thanh ton li vo ngy o hn

PV (rate, nper, pmt, fv, type) : Tnh gi tr hin ti ca mt khon u t

RATE (nper, pmt, pv, fv, type, guess) : Tnh li sut mi k trong mt nin kim

REVEICED (settlement, maturity, investment, discount, basis) : Tnh s tin nhn c vo k hn thanh ton cho mt chng khon u t ton b

SLN (cost, salvage, life) : Tnh chi ph khu hao (theo phng php ng thng) ca mt ti sn trong mt k

SYD (cost, salvage, life, per) : Tnh khu hao theo gi tr cn li ca ti sn trong nh k xc nh

TBILLEQ (settlement, maturity, discount) : Tnh li nhun tng ng vi tri phiu cho tri phiu kho bc

TBILLPRICE (settlement, maturity, discount) : Tnh gi tr ng mnh gi $100 cho tri phiu kho bc

TBILLYIELD (settlement, maturity, pr) : Tnh li nhun cho tri phiu kho bc

VDB (cost, salvage, life, start_period, end_period, factor, no_switch) : Tnh khu hao ti sn s dng trong nhiu k

XIRR (values, dates, guess) : Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt lot lu ng tin mt khng nh k

XNPV (rate, values, dates) : Tnh t gi rng cho mt dy lu ng tin mt khng nh k

YIELD (settlement, maturity, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh li nhun i vi chng khon tr li theo nh k

YIELDDISC (settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) : Tnh li nhun hng nm cho chng khon chit khu

YIELDMAT (settlement, maturity, issue, rate, pr, basis) : Tnh li nhun hng nm ca chng khon tr li vo ngy o hn

e. Danh mc cc Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch

DAVERAGE (database, field, criteria) : Tnh trung bnh cc gi tr trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

DCOUNT (database, field, criteria) : m cc cha s liu trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

DCOUNTA (database, field, criteria) : m cc "khng rng" trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

DGET (database, field, criteria) : Trch mt gi tr t mt ct ca mt danh sch hay c s d liu, khp vi iu kin c ch nh.

DMAX (database, field, criteria) : Tr v tr ln nht trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

DMIN (database, field, criteria) : Tr v tr nh nht trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

DRODUCT (database, field, criteria) : Nhn cc gi tr trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

DSTDEV (database, field, criteria) : c lng lch chun ca mt tp hp theo mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

DSTDEVP (database, field, criteria) : Tnh lch chun ca mt tp hp theo ton th cc tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

DSUM (database, field, criteria) : Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

DVAR (database, field, criteria) : c lng s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn mt mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

DVARP (database, field, criteria) : Tnh ton s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn ton th tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

GETPIVOTDATA (data_field, pivot_table, field1, item1, field2, item2,...) : Tr v d liu c lu gi trong bo co PivotTable. C th dng GETPIVOTDATA ly d liu tng kt t mt bo co PivotTable, vi iu kin l phi thy c d liu tng kt t trong bo co .

Ni chung v Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch

Microsoft Excel cung cp nhiu hm dng cho vic phn tch d liu trong danh sch hay c s d liu. Nhng hm ny bt u bng ch D.

Mi hm u s dng 3 i s l database, field v criteria; nhng i s ny l cc tham chiu n cc mng trong bng tnh.

* database : L mt dy cc to nn danh sch hay c s d liu. Mt c s d liu l mt danh sch d liu gm nhng mu tin, v c ct d liu l cc trng (field). Dng u tin trong danh sch lun cha tn trng.

* field : Cho bit ct no c s dng trong hm. field c th c cho dng text vi tn ct c trong cp du ngoc kp (nh "Age", "Yield"...) hay l s i din cho v tr ca ct (1, 2, ...)

* criteria : L mt dy cc cha iu kin. C th dng bt c dy no cho phn iu kin ny, min l dy c t nht mt tn ct v mt bn di tn ct lm iu kin cho hm (xem thm bi Mt s v d v cch dng Criteria nhp iu kin sau y).

HM NGY THNG V THI GIAN

Mt s lu khi s dng ngy thng v thi gian trong Excel:

Excel h tr tnh ton ngy thng cho Windows v Macintosh. Windows dng h ngy bt u t 1900. Macitosh dng h ngy bt u t 1904. Ti liu ny c din gii theo h ngy 1900 dnh cho Windows.

H thng ngy gi Excel ph thuc vo thit lp trong Regional Options ca Control Panel. Mc nh l h thng ca M "Thng/Ngy/Nm" (M/d/yyyy). Bn c th sa li thnh h thng ngy ca VN "Ngy/Thng/Nm" (dd/MM/yyyy).

Khi bn nhp mt gi tr ngy thng khng hp l n s tr thnh mt chui vn bn. Cng thc tham chiu ti gi tr s tr v li.

=NOW() Cho hin ngy gi ca h thng

=TODAY() Cho ngy ca h thng

=DAY(D) Cho gi tr ngy ca D (Tr v th t ca ngy trong thng t mt gi tr kiu ngy thng)

=MONTH(D) Cho gi tr thng ca D

=YEAR(D) Cho gi tr nm ca D

=DAYS360(BTNT1, BTNT2) Tnh s ngy gia 2 mc ngy thng da trn c s mt nm c 360 ngy.

=EDATE Tr v mc thi gian xy ra trc hoc sau mc ch nh

=EOMONTH Tr v ngy cui cng ca thng xy ra trc hoc sau mc ch nh

Hm HOUR()

Cho bit s ch gi trong mt gi tr thi gian

C php: = HOUR(serial_number)

serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian

V d: HOUR(0.5) = 12 (gi)

Hm MINUTE()

Cho bit s ch pht trong mt gi tr thi gian

C php: = MINUTE(serial_number)

serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian

V d: By gi l 10:20 PM, MINUTE(NOW()) = 20 (pht)

=MONTH Tr v s thng ca mt gi tr kiu ngy thng.

=NETWORKDAYS Tr v s ngy lm vic trong mc thi gian a ra sau khi tr i ngy ngh v ngy l.

=NOW Tr v ngy gi hin ti trong h thng ca bn.

Hm SECOND()

Cho bit s ch giy trong mt gi tr thi gian

C php: = SECOND(serial_number)

serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian

V d: SECOND("2:45:30 PM") = 30 (giy)

Hm TIME()

Tr v mt gi tr thi gian no

C php: = TIME(hour, minute, second)

hour: S ch gi, l mt con s t 0 n 23. Nu ln hn 23, Excel s t tr i mt bi s ca 24.

minute: S ch pht, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v tng s gi ln tng ng.

second: S ch giy, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v tng s pht, s gi ln tng ng.

V d:TIME(14, 45, 30) = 2:45:30 PM

TIME(14, 65, 30) = 3:05:30 PM

TIME(25, 85, 75) = 2:26:15 AM

* Cng nh DATE(), hm TIME() rt hu dng khi hour, minute, second l nhng cng thc m khng phi l mt con s, n s gip chng ta tnh ton chnh xc hn

Hm TIMEVALUE()

Chuyn i mt chui vn bn c dng thi gian thnh mt gi tr thi gian c th tnh ton c

C php: = TIMEVALUE(time_text)

time_text: Chui vn bn cn chuyn i

V d:TIMEVALUE("26:15") = 0.09375 (= 2:15:00 AM)

=WEEKDAY Tr v s th t ca ngy trong tun t gi tr ngy thng.

=WEEKNUM Tr v s th t ca tun trong nm t gi tr ngy thng.

=WORKDAY Tr v ngy lm vic xy ra trc hoc sau mc thi gian a ra.

Trong cng vic hng ngy, chc hn chng ta hay ngh n chuyn vic lm ny ca mnh mt ht my phn trm ca mt nm, v d, mt ngy ng ht 6 ting, l 1/4 ngy, vy mt nm chng ta ng ht 25% (hic) thi gian...

Hoc mt nhn vin ca cng ty xin ngh vic vo thng 5, lng tnh theo nm, vy cng ty phi tr cho ngi bao nhiu phn trm lng khi cho ngh vic?

Excel c mt hm tnh t l ca mt khong thi gian trong mt nm, v cho php tnh theo nhiu kiu (nm 365 ngy, hay nm 360 ngy, tnh theo kiu M hay theo kiu chu u...):

Hm YEARFRAC()

(Dch t ch Year: nm, v Frac = Fraction: t l)

C php: = YEARFRAC(start_date, end_date [, basis])

start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca khong thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng di dng text.

basis: Mt con s, quy nh kiu tnh:

* 0 : (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu Bc M, mt nm c 360 ngy chia cho 12 thng, mt thng c 30 ngy.

* 1 : Tnh ton theo s ngy thc t ca nm v s ngy thc t ca tng thng

* 2 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 360 ngy, nhng s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thng

* 3 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 365 ngy, v s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thng

* 4 : Tnh ton theo kiu Chu u,mi thng c 30 ngy (nu start_date hoc end_date m ri vo ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng )

V d: Tnh t l gia ngy 15/3/2010 v ngy 30/7/2010 so vi 1 nm:

YEARFRAC("15/3/2010", "30/7/2010") = 37%

Tnh s ngy chnh lch theo kiu mt nm c 360 ngy

Hin nay, vn cn mt s h thng k ton dng kiu tnh thi gian l mt thng coi nh c 30 ngy v mt nm coi nh c 360 ngy!

Gp trng hp ny, vic tnh ton thi gian s khng n gin, v thc t th s ngy trong mi thng u c ging nhau.

C l v ngh n chuyn , nn Excel c mt hm dnh ring cho cc h thng k ton da trn c s mt nm c 360 ngy, l hm DAYS360.

Hm DAYS360()

C php: = DAYS360(start_date, end_date [, method])

start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca khong thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng di dng text.

method: Mt gi tr logic (TRUE, FALSE) ch cch tnh ton, theo kiu chu u hay theo kiu M.

* FALSE: (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu M: Nu start_date l ngy 31 ca thng, th n c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng . Nu end_date l ngy 31 ca thng v start_date nh hn 30, th end_date c i thnh ngy 1 ca thng k tip.

* TRUE: Tnh ton theo kiu chu u: H start_date hoc end_date m ri vo ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng .

V d: So snh s ngy chnh lch gia 01/01/2008 v 31/5/2008 theo kiu mt nm c 360 ngy v theo kiu thng (dng hm DATEDIF)

DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008") = 150

DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", TRUE) = 149

DATEDIF("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", "d") = 151

Tnh s ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian

Bnh thng, nu ly ngy thng tr ngy thng, kt qu s bao gm lun nhng ngy l, ngy ngh, v.v... Cn nu tnh s ngy lm vic trong mt khong thi gian, th phi tr bt i nhng ngy khng lm vic.

Trong Excel c mt hm chuyn tnh ton nhng ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian m khng bao gm cc ngy th By, Ch Nht v nhng ngy ngh khc c ch nh: Hm NETWORKDAYS (ng nguyn ngha ca n: net workdays).

D nhin hm ny ch thch hp vi nhng c quan lm vic 5 ngy mt tun, ch nh chng ta, lm tut, c khi l 365 ngy mt nm (hic) th hm ny v tc dng!

Hm NETWORKDAYS()

C php: = NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date [, holidays])

start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc cng vic. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng di dng text.

holidays: Danh sch nhng ngy ngh ngoi nhng ngy th By v Ch Nht. Danh sch ny c th l mt vng c t tn. Nu nhp trc tip th phi b trong cp du mc {}.

V d: Cng thc tnh s ngy lm vic gia ngy 1/12/2010 v ngy 10/1/2011, trong c ngh ngy Noel (25/12) v ngy Tt Ty (1/1):

= NETWORKDAYS("01/12/2010", "10/01/2011", {"12/25/2007", "1/1/2011"})

Hm DATEDIF()

C l cch d nht khi mun tnh ton ngy thng nm l dng hm DATEDIF().

C php: = DATEDIF(start_day, end_day, unit)

start_day: Ngy u

end_day: Ngy cui (phi ln hn ngy u)

unit: Chn loi kt qu tr v (khi dng trong hm phi g trong du ngoc kp)

y : s nm chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui

m : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui

d : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui

md : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v thng ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm v s thng

ym : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm v s ngy

yd : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm

V d:DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "y") = 100 (nm)

DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "m") = 1211 (thng)

DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "d") = 36889 (ngy)

DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "md") = 30 (= ngy 31 - ngy 1)

DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "ym") = 11 (= thng 12 - thng 1)

DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "yd") = 365 (= ngy 31/12 - ngy 1/1)

*Tnh tui (2):

bi trc, ti a ra mt ci cng thc tnh tui di thong nh vy:

= YEAR(NOW() - YEAR(Birthdate) - (DATE(YEAR(NOW()), MONTH(Birthdate), DAY(Birthdate)) > TODAY())

l khi cha bit n hm DATEDIF().

By gi, vi DATEDIF(), cng thc trn ch ngn nh vy thi, m ra kt qu vn chnh xc:

= DATEDIF(Birthdate, TODAY(), "y")

V d, hm nay l ngy 09/01/2007:

* Vi ngy sinh l 05/01/1969 ( t chc sinh nht ri), DATEDIF("05/01/1969", TODAY(), "y") = 39

* Nhng vi ngy sinh l 11/1/1969 (cha t chc sinh nht), DATEDIF("11/01/1969", TODAY(), "y") = 38

*Tm mt gi, pht, giy no tnh t lc ny

Nh ti ni trn, hm TIME() s t ng iu chnh kt qu ca mt gi tr thi gian khi nhng thng s trong hm khng hp l (gi > 24, pht v giy > 60). V do , khi cn tnh ton hoc tm mt gi tr thi gian no k t lc ny (hoc bt k lc no), ngi ta thng s dng hm TIME().

V d, cng thc sau y s cho ra kt qu l thi gian vo 12 ting na k t lc ny:

= TIME(HOUR(NOW()) + 12, MINUTE(NOW()), SECOND(NOW()))

Khng ging nh hm DATE(), bn khng th n gin cng thm gi, pht, hay giy trong hm TIME(). V d cng thc sau y ch lm mi chuyn l tng thm 1 ngy vo ngy thng nm v thi gian hin ti:

= NOW() + 1

Nu bn mun cng thm gi, pht, hay giy vo mt gi tr thi gian, bn phi tnh thi gian cng thm theo mt t l ca mt ngy. V d, bi v mt ngy th c 24 gi, nn mt gi c tnh nh l 1/24. Cng vy, bi v mt gi th c 60 pht, nn mt pht s c tnh nh l 1/24/60 (ca mt ngy). V cui cng, bi v c 60 giy trong mt pht, nn 1 giy trong mt ngy s c tnh bng 1/24/60/60.

*Tnh tng thi gian

Khi tnh tng thi gian, bn nn phn bit hai trng hp sau y:

* Cng thm gi, pht, giy: V d, by gi l 8 gi, cng thm 2 ting na, l 10 gi... Hoc by gi l 23 gi, cng thm 3 ting na l 2 gi sng (ch khng phi 26 gi)... Nu cng kiu ny th bn c cng bnh thng, dng hm TIME() v nu cn th theo bng hng dn trn.

* Cng tng thi gian lm vic: Mi ngy ti lm vic 18 ting, vy hai ngy ti lm my ting? l 36 ting. Nhng nu bn dng format bnh thng dng thi gian th Excel n s t quy ra (36-24) = 12:00... c kt qu l 36:00, bn phi nh dng thi gian cho theo kiu:

[h]:mm:ss (gi nm trong mt cp du ngoc vung)

Ly li nh dng ngy thng

i khi, bn nhn c mt ci database m khng hiu v mt l do g , cell cha ngy thng nm n nh sau: 20070823,

ngha l n c nh dng theo kiu YYYYMMDD.

Trng hp ny, khng th dng Format Cell ca Excel nh dng li, m bn phi dng n hm DATE(year, month, day)

v cc hm x l text, v d hm LEFT(), MID() v RIGHT() ly cc tr s ngy, thng, nm cho hm DATE():

Ti gi s con s 20070823 ny ang nm cell A1, th cng thc LEFT(A1, 4) s cho ta tr s ca nm, MID(A1, 3, 2) s cho tr s ca thng

v RIGHT(A1, 2) s cho tr s ca ngy.

Gi s trong Control Panel ca bn nh dng ngy thng nm theo kiu dd/mm/yyyy, v cell nhn kt qu ca bn c nh dng theo kiu ngy thng nm,

bn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) vi 3 tham s l 3 cng thc va lm trn, ta s c:

=DATE(LEFT(A1, 4), MID(A1, 5, 2), RIGHT(A1, 2)) 23/8/2007

HM TM KIM V THAM CHIU

Bao gm cc hm tm kim v tham chiu rt hu ch khi bn lm vic vi CSDL ln trong EXCEL nh k ton, tnh lng, thu...

=ADDRESS(row_num, column_num [, abs_num] [, a1] [, sheet_text]) Dng to a ch dng chui k t, theo ch s dng v ch s ct c cung cp.

row_num: S th t dng ca a ch

column_num: S th t ct ca a ch

abs_num: Kiu a ch (tuyt i hay tng i) - mc nh l tuyt i

a1: Dng a ch (=TRUE: dng A1; =FALSE: dng R1C1) - mc nh l TRUE

sheet_text: Tn ca sheet cha a ch - mc nh l khng c

=AREAS(reference) Tr v s vng tham chiu trong mt tham chiu. Mi vng tham chiu c th l mt ri rc hoc l mt dy lin tc trong bng tnh.

reference: L mt hoc nhiu vng tham chiu m bn cn m. Nu mun a nhiu vng ri rc nhau vo cng thc th bn phn cch chng bng du phy, nu khng ngn bng du phy, Excel s khng m (xem v d 3 di y)

=CHOOSE Tr v gi tr trong mng gi tr ti v tr c ch nh.

=COLUMN(reference) Tr v s th t ct ca u tin gc trn bn tri ca vng tham chiu.

reference: L hoc mt vng nhiu . Nu reference b trng th COLUMN() tr v s th t ct ca cha cng thc.

=COLUMNS(array) Tr v s ct ca vng tham chiu.

array: L hoc mt vng nhiu , mng tham chiu

=HYPERLINK(link_location, friendly_name) To mt siu lin kt, mt lin kt m mt ti liu...

link_location: ng dn n ti liu cn m, nhp dng chui k t. Link_location c th ch n mt c bit, tn ca mt dy trong mt trang bng tnh hoc mt bng tnh, hoc ch n mt nh du (bookmark) trong Microsoft Excel. Link_location cng c th ch n mt tp tin lu trn cng, hoc mt ng dn truy xut ni b trn mt my ch hoc mt ng dn ti nguyn URL trn mng intranet, internet.

- Link_location c th l mt chui k t t trong du nhy kp, hoc mt no cha ng dn di dng chui k t.

- Nu link_location lin kt n mt ti nguyn khng tn ti, s xut hin li khi bn kch vo cha hm HYPERLINK() ny.

firendly_name: L ni dung hin th trong cha hm HYPERLINK(), c th l mt s, hoc chui k t. Ni dung ny s hin th bng mu xanh v c gch chn, nu khng c firendly_name th chnh link_location s hin th.

- Firendly_name c th l mt gi tr, mt chui k t, mt tn mng, hoc mt lin kt n mt gi tr hoc mt chui vn bn.

- Nu firendly_name lin kt n mt gi tr b li, th chnh tn ci li s c hin th thay th cho ni dung bn cn.

V d:=HYPERLINK("http://example.microsoft.com/report/bu dget report.xls", "Click for report")

s hin th: Click for report, v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh budget report.xls ca trang web http://example.microsoft.com/report

=HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10)

s hin th ni dung ca F10 v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh book2.xls th mc GPE ca F

=HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10)

s hin th ni dung ca F10 v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh book2.xls th mc GPE ca F

=MATCH Tr v v tr ca mt gi tr trong bng d liu

=INDEX Tr v mt gi tr trong bng d liu tng ng vi ch mc ca n.

Tm kim trong nhiu ct

i khi, cc d liu dng tm kim khng nm mt ct m trong nhiu ct.

V d, bn c mt danh sch c tch sn h v tn ring ra hai ct.

Ngi ta yu cu da vo h v tn xc nh chc v.

Chng ta c th dng mt ct ph ni h v tn li ri tm theo ct ph... Nhng c l khng cn, v ti s dng hm INDEX() v MATCH() vi cng thc mng.

Hm MATCH() c mt c php t ngi bit n, l:

=MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type)

value1 & value2 l cc d liu tm (v d h v tn)

array1 & array2 l cc ct (hoc hng) cha cc d liu dng tm kim

V y l c php dng INDEX() ghp vi MATCH() trong cng thc mng:

{=INDEX(reference, MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type))}

=INDIRECT(ref_text [, a1])

ref_text l tham chiu ti mt (c th l dng A1 hoc dng R1C1), l tn nh ngha ca mt tham chiu, hoc l mt tham chiu dng chui.

-Nu ref_text khng hp l, INDIRECT() s bo li #REF!

-Nu ref_text cha tham chiu n mt bng tnh khc th bng tnh ny phi ang m, nu khng, INDIRECT() cng bo li #REF!

a1 l gi tr logic xc nh dng tham chiu bn trong ref_text.

a1 = TRUE (hoc l 1, hoc khng nhp) l kiu tham chiu A1

a1 = FALSE (hoc l 2) l kiu tham chiu R1C1

Tr v gi tr ca mt tham chiu t chui k t. Tham chiu c tr v ngay tc thi hin th ni dung ca chng. Cng c th dng hm INDIRECT khi mun thay i tham chiu ti mt bn trong mt cng thc m khng cn thay i cng thc .

=LOOKUP D tm mt gi tr

Hm LOOKUP

Dng d tm mt gi tr t mt dng hoc mt ct trong mt dy hoc mt mng gi tr.

Hm LOOKUP() c hai dng: Vec-t (vector form) v Mng (array form)

* Dng Vec-t: LOOKUP() tm kim trn mt dng hoc mt ct, nu tm thy s tr v gi tr ca cng v tr trn dng (hoc ct) c ch nh.

* Dng Mng: LOOKUP() tm kim trn dng (hoc ct) u tin ca mt mng gi tr, nu tm thy s tr v gi tr ca cng v tr trn dng (hoc ct) cui cng trong mng .

Vector form (dng vec-t)

C php: LOOKUP(lookup_value