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Man in the household has a moral right and
responsibility ,a duty to admonish, chastise
and punish the women for their own benefit
202
61% women in the state accept at least one reason as justification for wife beating
47% justified if the wife neglected the family
3% justified wife’s natal family does not give give the expected money or other items
39%justified if wife showed disrespect to inlaws
38%justified if wife goes out without telling
her husband
25%wife does not cook food properly
22%if wife is unfaithfull to husband
Overall about half or more woman in all
population subgroups in the state justified
wife-beating for at least one reason.
The emergence of the nationalist movement
and left ideology .
Religious and caste –based communities
succeeded in initiating a process of
democratization and modernization , though
this also meant moving into emerging
patriarchal, capitalistic economy reorganizing
themselves to fit into the changing times
The fisherman out in the sea and of course
the security and well being of the entire
fishing community are dependent on the
Araya woman’s chastity and fidelity.(folk
tradition)
The film create a moral space against the
archetypal backdrop of the vast sea
Sweeps the woman as a distinct category
out of the frame
The typical image of the woman as someone
who is destined to suffer the slings and
arrows of outrageous time with tolerance ,
dignity and grace
Woman’s body is inscribed with the ideology
of silent and graceful suffering.
THE Masculinity issue
in relation to the
‘laughing movies’of
1990s
it is important to
remember that they
exist side by side with
a host of very
successful movies of
M M S
Even where you
acknowlege the
unmistakable social
presence of a woman
as police officer,
administrator , lawyer ,
journalist , they have to
be exposed for what
they are ultimately-
MERE WOMAN
After the longstanding
reign of the old time
heroines such as
Sheela,Sarada and
Jayabharati
Malayalm cinema has
seen a lot of female
actors come and go.
The males stay , witness
the career of Mammootty
and Mohanlal
But the females are an
ephemeral category
No one knows how or
why ?Manju Warrier
made a difference within
the short span of her
career
Passive acceptance to
her strenght and
vibrant charm
Even the strongest woman has nothing much to do in the essentially male world of action movies.
And today the woman who has forced this realisation on us lives in pure domesticity and self-effacing life
Today our films heroines have a certain openness and dynamism that is quite afreshing for eg:swapnakkodu song-ishtamalleda
Transformation to ‘Istamaneda’,once the relationship builds up woman relapses to the old stereotypes about a faithful wife and loving mother.
Therfore,the contemporary shift has more to do with the fast –changing conventions of film music and dance than with subtle transformations taking place with gender relations in Kerala
Neeli in neelakkuyil
Sheela as karuthamma
Female beauty that obtain in our popular cinema down the ages have their historical roots in the formative period
O Chandu Menon’s Indulekha (heroines beauty)
Significantly
participated in the
construction of what
we call a public sphere
Advent of film music
marks democratisation
of our society