DNA vs RNADNA vs RNABy GBPO

What is RNA?What is RNA?

Nucleic acid involved in putting genetic code into action

long chain of nucleotides

Copied base sequence of DNA that directs protein synthesis

Functions of RNAFunctions of RNA

Involved only in protein synthesis

Controls assembly of amino acids into proteins

Messenger RNAMessenger RNA

Holds copy of original DNA segment

Carries copy to other parts of the cell

Ribosomal RNARibosomal RNA

Make up the two subunits of ribosomes

Transfer RNATransfer RNA

Carries amino acids to ribosomes as specified

Review so FarReview so FarRNA found in nucleus

Basically throw-away DNA copy that puts DNA code to work

Three kinds

mRNA

tRNA

rRNA

PolypeptidesPolypeptides

Proteins are made by joining amino acids in long chains

Only certain polypeptides make up certain amino acids.

Order they are joined determines properties of the different proteins.

CodonsCodonsgroup of three nucleotide bases in mRNA

Specify amino acid needed for protein

In decoding genetic messages the DNA needs to be converted into a strand of RNA that is used to make proteins.

Codons and Codons and PolypeptidesPolypeptides

The order of amino acids and the function determine shape.

A codon is a three-letter “word” in mRNA that stands for a certain amino acid.

ATG makes one needed for blonde hair

Codons and Codons and PolypeptidesPolypeptides

Almost all amino acids can be specified by more than one codon

All polypeptide sequences start with the AUG codon (methionine) but certain codons end, or terminate, that chain

DNA vs. RNADNA vs. RNA

DNA vs. RNADNA vs. RNA

Sugar

DNA: deoxyribose

RNA: ribose

Bases

RNA: Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

DNA: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

DNA vs. RNADNA vs. RNA

Roles:

DNA: Holds codes for proteins

RNA: Puts codes into action

RNA: single stranded

DNA: double stranded