COMMON COMMON DISEASES OF DISEASES OF

THE THE SKELETAL SKELETAL SYSTEMSYSTEM

KYPHOSISKYPHOSIS abnormal abnormal

rounding of rounding of the spine that the spine that occurs in the occurs in the upper and upper and middle part of middle part of the back the back

Causes of KYPHOSISCauses of KYPHOSIS

Poor posturePoor posturePresent at birthPresent at birthRun families or Run families or geneticsgenetics

RICKETSRICKETS bone-softening bone-softening

disease that disease that causes severe causes severe bowing of the legs, bowing of the legs, poor growth, and poor growth, and sometimes muscle sometimes muscle pain and weakness pain and weakness

Causes of RICKETSCauses of RICKETS

Lack of Vitamin DLack of Vitamin DNot enough calcium in Not enough calcium in one’s dietone’s diet

kidney and liver kidney and liver diseasesdiseases

ARTHRITISARTHRITIS inflammatioinflammatio

n, swelling, n, swelling, redness of a redness of a jointjoint

Causes of ARTHRITISCauses of ARTHRITIS cartilage is cartilage is

wearing awaywearing away lack of lack of

Synovial fluidSynovial fluid infection infection

OSTEOPOROSISOSTEOPOROSIS bone tissue bone tissue

becomes becomes brittle, thin, brittle, thin, and spongy and spongy

Causes of Causes of OSTEOPOROSISOSTEOPOROSIS

HereditaryHereditaryGenderGenderEthnicity Ethnicity History of broken bonesHistory of broken bonesLow body weightLow body weight

BONE TUMORBONE TUMOR abnormal abnormal

growth of cells growth of cells within the within the bone that may bone that may be be noncancerous noncancerous or cancerous or cancerous

Causes of BONE Causes of BONE TUMORTUMOR

HereditaryHereditaryRadiationRadiationTrauma Trauma

SCOLIOSISSCOLIOSIScauses the causes the spine to spine to curve to curve to the left or the left or right side right side

Causes of Causes of SCOLIOSISSCOLIOSIS

present at birthpresent at birthhereditaryhereditary

SPRAINSSPRAINS an injury that an injury that

happens happens when the when the ligaments get ligaments get overly overly stretched or stretched or torntorn

FRACTURESFRACTURES

Fractures commonly Fractures commonly occur when a person occur when a person has fallen, an object has fallen, an object has been dropped on has been dropped on them, or the bone them, or the bone has been twistedhas been twisted

Compound FractureCompound Fracture

a fracture in which a fracture in which broken bone broken bone fragments lacerate fragments lacerate (rip, cut, tear) soft (rip, cut, tear) soft tissue and protrude tissue and protrude through an open through an open wound in the skinwound in the skin

Compound FractureCompound Fracture

Need immediate treatment Need immediate treatment (because skin is broken)(because skin is broken)

High risk of infectionHigh risk of infection An operation is often required An operation is often required

to clean the area of the to clean the area of the fracture and realign the bonefracture and realign the bone

Compound FractureCompound Fracture

Typically caused by Typically caused by high energy injuries high energy injuries such as car crashes, such as car crashes, falls, or sport injuriesfalls, or sport injuries

Compound Fracture (cont.)Compound Fracture (cont.)

Simple FractureSimple FractureA bone that has A bone that has broken into two broken into two pieces, and has pieces, and has not broken not broken through the skinthrough the skin

Greenstick FractureGreenstick Fracture

is a fracture inis a fracture in

a young, soft a young, soft

bone in which bone in which

the bone bends the bone bends

and partially and partially

breaks (cracks)breaks (cracks)

Greenstick FractureGreenstick Fracture Is a type of an incomplete Is a type of an incomplete

fracturefracture Doesn’t displace the boneDoesn’t displace the bone Often occurs during Often occurs during

infancy and childhood infancy and childhood when the bones are softwhen the bones are soft

Greenstick FractureGreenstick Fracture

Is a result of bending Is a result of bending forces (falls)forces (falls)

Could be a result of non-Could be a result of non-accidental injury (blow on accidental injury (blow on the forearm or shin)the forearm or shin)

Comminuted FractureComminuted Fracture

Defined as a Defined as a bone that has bone that has been shattered, been shattered, splintered, or splintered, or crushed into crushed into more than two more than two piecespieces

Comminuted FractureComminuted Fracture Occurs when there has been Occurs when there has been

some kind of crushing force some kind of crushing force on the bone and can happen on the bone and can happen anywhere along the boneanywhere along the bone

It mostly occurs in elderly It mostly occurs in elderly people or people who already people or people who already have a bone weakening have a bone weakening conditioncondition