SKELETAL SYSTEM

Diseases/Disorders

• Sprain – stretched or torn ligament or tendon

• Arthritis – inflamed joint• Osteomyelitis – infected bone• Osteoporosis – loss of bone density• Bone cancer• Subluxation - dislocation

Diseases/Disorders

Sprain - stretched or torn ligament or tendon

Commonly treated by RICE method:RestIceCompression (such as ACE bandage)Elevation

Most common site is the ankleUsually caused by a twisting action to the joint such as stepping in a hole

Diseases/Disorders

Arthritis – inflamed joint

Osteoarthritis – common form, associated with wear and tear, but recent research suggests mild, slow-moving inflammation or metabolic disorder is the causeSymptoms include joint pain, stiffness, aching, fluid around jointTreated with aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)

Diseases/Disorders

Arthritis – inflamed joint

Diseases/Disorders

Arthritis – inflamed joint

Rheumatoid arthritis – chronic systemic inflammatory disease attacking joints and surrounding tissuesScar tissue formation, atrophy, and misalignment cause deformities, pain and immobilityCaused by a fault in the immune systemTreated by nsaids as well as cortisone, heat, cold, and occasionally, surgery

Diseases/Disorders

Arthritis – inflamed joint

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis – chronic systemic inflammatory disease, first appearing in children between the ages of 6 months and 16 yearsAutoimmune disease attacking joints and surrounding tissuesScar tissue formation, atrophy, and misalignment cause deformities, pain and immobilityTreated much the same as for adults, by nsaids as well as cortisone, heat, cold, and occasionally, surgery; but physical therapy and exercise are very important

Diseases/Disorders

Osteomyelitis – infected bone

Infection usually occurs after an injury either to the bone or the surrounding soft tissues.Diabetics are at high risk because of nerve damage and decreased blood flow in extremitiesLeft untreated, bone can die or infection can spread and lead to amputationTreated by antibiotics

Diseases/Disorders

Osteomyelitis – infected bone

Diseases/Disorders

Osteomyelitis – infected bone

Diseases/Disorders

Osteomyelitis – infected bone

Diseases/Disorders

Osteoporosis – loss of bone density

Metabolic bone disorder characterized by loss of bone mass. Loss of calcium and phosphate from bone allows it to become porous, brittle, prone to fracture.Risk factors: Affects mostly women after menopause because of lower estrogen levels.Steroid therapy, lack of bone use (too little weight-bearing exercise), malnutrition (lack of calcium in the diet), excessive alcohol intake, scurvy, smoking, and hyperthyroidism. Thin-framed women are at higher risk because they do not produce as much estrogen as larger women, but it can also be hereditary.

Diseases/Disorders

Osteoporosis – loss of bone density

Diseases/Disorders

Bone cancer

True bone cancers – Osteosarcoma, Ewiing’s Sarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Fibrosarcoma – occur more commonly in children and young adults

Treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiationSurvival rates are around 65% for five years or

moreMetastatic bone cancer - spreads from another location such as the breast or the prostate.

May be treated with chemotherapy and radiation, rarely with surgery

Survival rates lower because of the other cancers

Diseases/Disorders

Subluxation - dislocation

Partial or incomplete dislocation of the articulating surfaces of joint bonesJoint deformity, impaired motion, pain, change in length of extremityCommon sites are shoulders, wrists, knees, fingers, toes, hips, anklesDiagnosed by x-rayCaused by injury or disease process of a joint.Treated by Reduction – medical personnel pull joint back into placeMedication usually required to control muscle spasms and pain while ligaments heal