Chapter 18 temperature and salainity in oceans

“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir

In the Name of

Allah,

the Boundlessly Merciful, the InfinitelyCompassionate. Praise be to Allah, the Lord of theworlds; and peace and blessings of Allah be uponHis Prophet

Muhammed


Chapter 19: DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE &

SALINITY OF THE OCEANS

• “is the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water.”

• “No of grams of salts dissolved in per kilo gram of sea water.”

Salinity


Which ocean is the biggest?OCEAN SURFACE AREA [km2] OF ALL

OCEANS…

Atlantic 90,818,000 27.1%

Indian 68,556,000 20.4%

Pacific 155,557,000 46.4%

Southern 20,327,000 6.1%


Which ocean has the most coastline?

OCEAN COASTLINE LENGTH [km]

Atlantic 111,866

Indian 66,526

Pacific 135,663

Southern 17,968


QUESTION:Is saltwater the same everywhere?

ANSWER:Nope.

In general, the Atlantic Ocean is the “saltiest.”


Please Pass the Salt…

• “Run-of-the-mill” concentration?• 3.5 grams/liter

• Like weather, there are areas of • HIGH salinity• LOW salinity

So, where are these “highs” and “lows”?


Please Pass the Salt…

H

H

H

H

H

L

L

L


Mmmmm…Salty!DEAD SEA FACTS:• Really a large lake• Water gets in, but not out!

• Fed by River Jordan• Evaporation only way out

• Has nearly 10 times the salinity of the oceans!

• Leads to increased density

Dead Sea was named

because it had no life!


So??The increased density means just about anythingwill float!

We can see this through the use of eggs!

HOW SALTY IS THE OCEAN?

MEASURINGSALINITY

THE SALTIESTWATER

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FORDISTRIBUTION OF SALINITY IN THE SEAS /

OCEANS1. Supply of Freshwater

2. Temperature

3. Rainfall

4. Melting of Ice

DISTRIBUTION OF SALTS IN OCEANS(LATITUDE-WISE)

1.On Equator

2.On Tropics

3.On Poles

4.Tendency from

East to West


Where did the salt come from, in Ocean.?

• From land

• Over millions of years, rain, rivers, and streams have washed over rocks containing the compound sodium chloride (NaCl), and carried it into the sea.


Average Ocean Salinity

• The average ocean salinity is 35 ppt.• Rainfall, evaporation, river runoff, and ice

formation cause the variations.


Distribution of Salinity

• In Fresh water – less than 1,000 ppm• Salighty Saline Water – From 1,000 ppm to 3,000 ppm• Moderately saline water – From 3,000 ppm to 35,000 ppm• Highly saline water – From 10,000 ppm to 35,000 ppm


• Determines the distribution of plants and animals that live in the ocean.

Affects other properties of seawater, such as its density and the amount of dissolved oxygen.

Importance of Salinity


Interesting Facts about Salinity• Most marine creatures keep the salinity inside their bodies at about

the same concentration as the water outside their bodies becausewater likes a balance. If an animal that usually lives in salt water wereplaced in fresh water, the fresh water would flow into the animalthrough its skin. If a fresh water animal found itself in the salty ocean,the water inside of it would rush out.

• Human beings cannot drink sea water because of Salinity


Education

Chapter 18 temperature and salainity in oceans