Caffeine : Reading Skill

UNIT: FOOD AND DRINK

TOPIC: HEALTHY FOOD

Sub-topic: Caffeine

Matthayomsuksa 5

video

VOCABULARY

Drowsiness (n.)

a feeling of being sleepy

and lethargic; sleepiness

fatigue (n.)

the state of being very

tired: extreme weariness

guzzle (v.)

to drink something

with greedily

endurance (n.)

the ability to do something difficult for a long time

inevitable (adj.)

certain to happen;

unavoidable

fetal (adj.)

a developing animal or human being that is not

yet born

arrhythmias (n.)

a condition in which the heart

beats with an irregular or

abnormal rhythm

hypertension (n.)

abnormally high blood pressure

STRUCTURE

Simple present tense is also called present simple. We use the simple present tense to talk about regular or habitual actions. It is the most basic and common tense in English and it’s really important to understand well.

S + V1 + object

1. Affirmative (Positive) SentenceSubjec

tVerb

(Present Tense)

Rest of the sentence

I work on my website everyday.

You learn English at home.

We like joyful music.They play football every

Sunday.He speaks English well.She writes a letter.It takes Time.

2. Negative SentenceSubject

Axially + not

Verb (Present Tense)

Rest of the sentence

I do not work on my website everyday.

You do not learn English at home.

We do not like joyful music.

They do not play football every Sunday.

He does not speak English well.

She does not write a letter.

It does not take Time.

TEXT

1. Sleep deprivationCaffeine combats drowsiness by tricking your brain into

feeling alert. It temporarily blocks adenosine, a naturally sedating brain chemical, to prevent fatigue. “If you don’t get a full night’s sleep, you’ll wake up with more adenosine in your brain than your normally would,” explains Timothy Roehrs of the Sleep Disorders and Research Center at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit. A hit of caffeine neutralizes adenosine and helps you feel less sleepy. If you’re a regular coffee guzzler, through, you may need an extra boost to counter your late night. “As tolerance develops, the brain makes more receptors for adenosine,” says Roehrs. “So you need more caffeine to block the added receptors.”

When Caffeine Helps

2. AlertnessPeople who don’t use caffeine regularly

“usually become significantly more alert and better able to perform cognitive and motor tasks – like paying attention during boring or rote routines such as typing – if they’re given the proper caffeine does, “says Laura Juliano, a professor of psychology at American University in Washington, DC. (For people who do use caffeine regularly, however, it offers few, if any, benefits.)

When Caffeine Helps

3. Workouts“Caffeine can improve physical performance in an endurance exercise like running, but the effect is less for short bursts of movement such as lifting weights or sprinting,” says Matthew Ganio, a professor of kinesiology at the University of Arkansas.Caffeine prompts the body to burn more fat stores instead of the limited stores of carbohydrate in our muscles. When the muscles run out of carbohydrate, you get tired. The benefit may be smaller in regular caffeine users.

When Caffeine Helps

4. Alzheimer’s disease“In mice, caffeine not only defends against inevitable

memory impairment.” says Gary Arendash of the University of South Florida, “but also substantially decreases the amount of beta-amyloid, the bad protein that many researchers believe is the root cause of the disease.” The few human studies have been inconsistent. In a Hawaiian study that tracked nearly 3,500 middle-aged men for 25 years, those who had reported consuming at least 400 mg of caffeine a day were 55 percent less likely to have brain lesions death than those who said they consumed less than 140 mg a day. However, they were no less likely to be diagnosed with dementia during their lifetime.

When Caffeine Helps

5. HeadacheWhen the pain comes on, the blood

vessels in your brain widen: caffeine constricts them. It’s also a mild pain reliever.

When Caffeine Helps

6. Parkinson’s diseaseIn a study of more than 300,000 U.S. men

and women, those who consumed at least 600 mg of caffeine a day (an eight-ounce cup of coffee has between 95 and 200 mg) were about 30 percent less likely to be diagnosed with Parkinson’s over the following ten years than those who consumed the least caffeine (less than 20 mg a day). Parkinson’s patients gradually lose the nerve cells that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine. Caffeine protects those nerve cells.

When Caffeine Helps

1. PregnancyThe March of Dimes recommends that

women who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant consume no more than 200 mg of caffeine a day because the harmful effects of more than that on fertility and fetal healthy “cannot be ruled out.”

When Caffeine May Hurt

When Caffeine May Hurt2. Disrupted sleep

“People don’t realize how much caffeine affects their sleep,” says Juliano. “For those who are slow metabolizers of caffeine, there’s still enough in their system to disrupt sleep at night even if they stop consuming it much earlier in the day.” People who go off caffeine typically say they sleep longer and sounder, both Roehrs and Juliano report.

3. Heart rhythmIn a study that followed more than

130,000 men and women for 30 years, drinking coffee (regular or decaf) didn’t increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias, even among those with existing heart conditions.


4. WeightMany companies add caffeine to weight-

loss pills because it speeds up the metabolic rate, at least for a short period of time. Yet “there’s little evidence that consuming caffeine leads to significant weight loss or helps people keep weight off,” says Ganio.


5. Blood pressureWhile caffeine users experience a modest

increase in blood pressure, long-term studies don’t show a clear like between coffee consumption and the development of hypertension, notes Rob van Dam of the National University of Singapore.


ACTIVITY

Directions1. Make a groups of four2. Read the text that stick it on the board3. Each student has 3 minutes for reading the text, the

students from one group will read the text on different board

4. Go back to your groups and share what each student has read to your friends

5. Discuss about the text6. Summarize by making a mind mapping7. Present in front of class

JIGSAW READING

ACTIVITY

Directions1. Get a piece of card2. Write down what you have learned and your

opinion from your group3. Give it back to teacher4. Let each student read their friends’ card in

front of class

THE WRITTEN CARD

MEMBER 1. Miss Jirapat Chomvilai 54010513010 2. Miss Thunyachon Ladawan 54010513020 3. Mr.Narunon Prathammasarn 54010513047

4EN, English major Faculty of EducationMahasarakham University