TOPIC 7) FOUNDATION OF ISLAMIC SOCIETY

REFLECTION OF PROPHETIC HISTORY RKQS 1051

Course outline:

Yathtib before Islam: brief survey

• Sincerity in commitment to Allah

• Unity in diversity

• Collectivism

• Competition in good causes

• Full blooming of knowledge

Main characteristic of Madinan society after Hijrah:

• Arab

• Jews

Main population of Madinah:

1) Arabs: Aus: Residence in East and South Madinah

Khazraj: Residence in center of Madinah

• Economically agriculturists whom suppressed by the Jews as they need to buy the seeds and agricultural equipment from Jews.

Features:

• Politically led by tribe leaders. However bloody clashes between tribes always took place and almost never been ceased as Jews worked as mediator.

• Religiously idols worshipers. However, they still influenced by the teaching of Jews.

Jews:Bani Qaynuqa

• Possessed no agricultural land• Own a market at the outskirt of Madinah• Main profession: goldsmith and banking (money lenders/ creditors).

When Islam discouraged the riba as a form of suppression, they became bitterer to Islam.

Banishment:

Ansar girl + man vs jews

goldsmith + youth

15 days siege1st Syawal 2H. to North.

Allowed to bring anything they wanted

Bani Al-Nadir

• Largest Jewish tribe in Madinah

• Allied with Khazraj in Jahiliyyah against Aus and Quraizah.

• Agriculturists. Possessed large and fertile agricultural lands. The coming Muhajiruns increased pressure of the need of re-allotment of lands in Madinah. Thus, they became bitterer to Islam.

• Led by Ka’ab al-Ashraf/ Al-Ahbar. After Battle of Badr, he went to Makkah to align with Quraish to attack the Muslims. Killed by Muslims assassination group led by Muhammad bin Maslamah.

Banishment:

- Abu Barra’ Malik bin Amir visit Madinah on Safar, 4th Hijrah. 70 companions sent to teach Islam to people of Najd, led by al-Munzir bin Amr.

- They stopped at Bi’r Ma’unah. Amir bin Tufail killed their messenger (Haram bin Milhan) and asked other Arab tribes to attack Muslim group.

- Ri’l, Zakwan & Usayyah answered him and butchered all Muslims. The lasts, al-Munzir bin Uqbah was killed while Amr bin Umayyah released. He killed 2 from Bani Kilab & Prophet pbuh paid the diyat.

- He asked help from Nadhir but they tried to assassinate him through Amr in Jihash, and thus Muslims waged war against them.

- Muhammad bin Maslamah told them to leave Madinah within 10 days with everything they wanted but they refused as Munafiquns ignited them to wage a war.

- Besieged and surrendered after their date trees being burnt and Munafiquns abandoned them. They exiled by only carrying what a camel can bring.

Bani Qurayza

• Allied with Aus in Jahiliyyah against Khazraj & Nadhir.

• Agriculturists.

Banishment:

• Violate the treaty during the Battle of Ditch in 5 A.H.

• After the battle, Muslims besieged their stronghold for 20 days. They asked to be punished like Bani Nadhir but it was not fair to do so as their crime was much graver.

• They offered to choose a judge and they chose Sa’d bin Mu’adz. His verdict was to kill all men, while women and children became slaves. Their properties were divided among Muslims.

Main characteristic of Madinan society after Hijrah:

1- Sincerity in commitment to Allah (اإلخالص)

2- Unity in diversity (الوحدة)

3- Collectivism (المشاورة)- Choosing location for Battle of Badr, Uhud & Ditch

- Brotherhood between Ansar & muhajirin (Abdurrahman bin Auf & Saad bin Rabi’

- Brotherhood between slave and master (Maarus-Abu Dzar-slave)

- No man left from 5 congregation prays in Masjid. - Always answered the call for jihad.

4- Competition in good causes ( الخير في (السباق

5- Full blooming of knowledge ( العلم (طلب- Umar and his Ansar neighbour & Abdullah bin Amru- Saad bin Muaz and the circle of Prophet SAW.

- Umar and Abu Bakar for the Batlle of Tabuk- Uthman and the well.- Abu Hurairah and first row in prayer