American History - Chapter 6

The New NationThe New Nation

Chapter 6Chapter 6

Washington Takes the Washington Takes the LeadLead

• How the U.S. formed a new governmentHow the U.S. formed a new government

• How the political ideas of Hamilton and How the political ideas of Hamilton and Jefferson differedJefferson differed

• How political differences evolved into a How political differences evolved into a two-party systemtwo-party system


• America was a “America was a “bold experimentbold experiment””– First to be based on republican rule First to be based on republican rule

and individual rightsand individual rights

• Issues to tackle:Issues to tackle:

1.1. Judicial BranchJudicial Branch

2.2. Executive BranchExecutive Branch


1.1. Judicial BranchJudicial Branch– How to work out the detailsHow to work out the details

•Judiciary Act of 1789:Judiciary Act of 1789:– Set up the court Set up the court

system and made it system and made it possible to appeal possible to appeal a ruling to a federal a ruling to a federal courtcourt


2.2. Executive BranchExecutive Branch– Washington chose men to fill new Washington chose men to fill new

executive departments, his “executive departments, his “CabinetCabinet””• Secretary of StateSecretary of State:: Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson• Secretary of TreasurySecretary of Treasury:: Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton• Secretary of WarSecretary of War:: Henry Knox Henry Knox• Attorney GeneralAttorney General:: Edmund Randolph Edmund Randolph


• Why do you think it is important for the Why do you think it is important for the president to have a cabinet?president to have a cabinet?

Jefferson vs. HamiltonJefferson vs. Hamilton

Views of Views of governmentgovernment

– Hamilton:Hamilton:• Strong central govt. Strong central govt.

led by prosperous led by prosperous eliteelite

• Urban, industrial U.S.Urban, industrial U.S.

- Jefferson: - Jefferson: Strong Strong

state/local state/local govts. govts. with the with the participation of the participation of the

peoplepeople

Rural, Rural, Agricultural Agricultural U.S.U.S.


Hamilton’s plan for the economy:Hamilton’s plan for the economy:• Pay off foreign debt and buy state debtPay off foreign debt and buy state debt• Bank of the United StatesBank of the United States: funded by : funded by

federal government and private investors, federal government and private investors, would issue paper money and other would issue paper money and other government fundsgovernment funds


• Controversy over the Bank:Controversy over the Bank:– Strict interpretationStrict interpretation reading the reading the

Constitution word for wordConstitution word for word

– Loose interpretationLoose interpretation reading reading between the lines (elastic clause)between the lines (elastic clause)

The First Political PartiesThe First Political Parties

• FederalistsFederalists• Agreed with Hamilton’s view of a strong Agreed with Hamilton’s view of a strong

central governmentcentral government

• Democratic-RepublicansDemocratic-Republicans• Supported Jefferson’s view of strong state Supported Jefferson’s view of strong state

governmentsgovernments

The First Political PartiesThe First Political Parties

• Are political parties a danger to Are political parties a danger to national unity?national unity?

The Nation’s First TestThe Nation’s First Test

• Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion::– Excise tax on whiskey caused farmer uprising Excise tax on whiskey caused farmer uprising

on the frontieron the frontier– Hamilton and Washington believed it was an Hamilton and Washington believed it was an

opportunity to show the strength of the opportunity to show the strength of the national govt.national govt.

ASSIGNMENTASSIGNMENT• Page 187

• #3 and 4

• Pages 188-1891. What was the difference between a country and

a city education?2. How did schooling for girls differ from that of

boys?3. What types of work did young boys and young

girls do?4. How did many young people spend their leisure

time?5. What types of physical hardships were young

people exposed to during this period in history?

Foreign TroublesForeign Troubles

• Summarize nation’s developing foreign Summarize nation’s developing foreign policypolicy

• Explain how America dealt with Native Explain how America dealt with Native AmericansAmericans

• Identify divisions between Federalists and Identify divisions between Federalists and Democratic-RepublicansDemocratic-Republicans


• The French The French RevolutionRevolution– Americans were Americans were

divided on whether divided on whether to support the to support the RevolutionRevolution• Washington declared Washington declared

neutralityneutrality: supporting : supporting neither sideneither side


• Pinckney’s TreatyPinckney’s Treaty (1795): (1795):• Spain gave up all land east of the Mississippi River Spain gave up all land east of the Mississippi River

and allowed U.S. citizens and traders to use the and allowed U.S. citizens and traders to use the river and its portriver and its port

Native Americans ResistNative Americans Resist

• Battle of Fallen Timbers:Battle of Fallen Timbers:• American settlers clashed with remaining British American settlers clashed with remaining British

troops and Native American tribes west of the troops and Native American tribes west of the AppalachiansAppalachians

• In 1794, American troops defeated the Miami tribe In 1794, American troops defeated the Miami tribe in Ohioin Ohio

• They built a fort close to a nearby British fort in They built a fort close to a nearby British fort in defiancedefiance

Ousting the BritishOusting the British

• Jay’s Treaty:Jay’s Treaty:– John Jay negotiated a John Jay negotiated a

treaty with Britaintreaty with Britain1.1. British agreed to let British agreed to let

America control western America control western territoryterritory

2.2. British could continue British could continue fur trade in Americafur trade in America

Looming War with FranceLooming War with France

• X,Y,Z AffairX,Y,Z Affair

• Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts• nullificationnullification

ASSIGNMENTASSIGNMENT

• Read pg. 195 about the Alien and Sedition Read pg. 195 about the Alien and Sedition Acts. Write a ¾ page editorial about the Acts. Write a ¾ page editorial about the Acts by choosing to write from one of Acts by choosing to write from one of these positions:these positions:

• FederalistFederalist• An immigrantAn immigrant• Democratic-RepublicanDemocratic-Republican

– Discuss whether the Acts are good or bad and Discuss whether the Acts are good or bad and why.why.

Jefferson’s PresidencyJefferson’s Presidency

• Significant changes during the early years Significant changes during the early years of Jefferson’s presidencyof Jefferson’s presidency

• Examples of the declining power of the Examples of the declining power of the FederalistsFederalists

• Importance of Louisiana Purchase and Importance of Louisiana Purchase and Lewis and Clark expeditionLewis and Clark expedition


• Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr (1800)Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr (1800)– 1212thth Amendment Amendment

• Cast separate ballots for president and vice-Cast separate ballots for president and vice-presidentpresident


How did Thomas Jefferson simplify the How did Thomas Jefferson simplify the presidency and decentralize power? (p.198)presidency and decentralize power? (p.198)


• Federalists (and the North) lose powerFederalists (and the North) lose power• Southern PresidentsSouthern Presidents• Refused to participate in political campaignsRefused to participate in political campaigns• Settlers in new states voted for D-R, who Settlers in new states voted for D-R, who

supported farmerssupported farmers


• John Marshall (Federalist)John Marshall (Federalist)– Increased power of the Supreme CourtIncreased power of the Supreme Court

• Judiciary Act of 1801Judiciary Act of 1801• Increased number of Sup. Crt. Judges by 16Increased number of Sup. Crt. Judges by 16• Adams filled with Federalists, Adams filled with Federalists, midnight judgesmidnight judges


• Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison– found that a provision found that a provision

of the Judiciary Act of of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was 1789 was unconstitutional unconstitutional ((judicial reviewjudicial review))


• The Louisiana PurchaseThe Louisiana Purchase– James Monroe and Robert Livingston doubled James Monroe and Robert Livingston doubled

the size of the U.S. by buying the LA territory the size of the U.S. by buying the LA territory for $15 millionfor $15 million

I don’t know if this is constitutional…..


• Lewis and Clark expeditionLewis and Clark expedition– From St. Louis to Pacific CoastFrom St. Louis to Pacific Coast– Goals:Goals:

1.1. Collect information about plants and animalsCollect information about plants and animals

2.2. Learn about Native American tribesLearn about Native American tribes

War of 1812War of 1812

• Four CausesFour Causes1.1. British British blockadeblockade of French ports of French ports

• America can’t trade with FranceAmerica can’t trade with France

2.2. British policy of British policy of impressmentimpressment

3.3. Tecumseh and Native ConfederaciesTecumseh and Native Confederacies• Attempt to wipe “white” influence out of AmericaAttempt to wipe “white” influence out of America• Some asked for British helpSome asked for British help

4.4. ““War hawks” ask Congress to declare war War hawks” ask Congress to declare war on Britainon Britain

War of 1812War of 1812

• Events of the War:Events of the War:– British burn the White HouseBritish burn the White House– Andrew Jackson “Old Hickory” saves the Andrew Jackson “Old Hickory” saves the

Port of New OrleansPort of New Orleans– Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent

• Peace agreement declaring an Peace agreement declaring an armisticearmistice• Re-confirmed American independenceRe-confirmed American independence

ASSIGNMENTASSIGNMENT

• Lewis and Clark map worksheetLewis and Clark map worksheet• In-classIn-class

• Section 4 worksheetSection 4 worksheet

Education

American History - Chapter 6