1. 1. .
2. 2.
3. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. : 5. 6. 7. 8.
4. 4. : 2557 - - - - . ... . . .. . , . . . -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 22/1/200925/1/200928/1/200931/1/20093/2/20096/2/20099/2/200912/2/200915/2/200918/2/200921/2/2009 Dates LevelAQI .
5. 5. (Occupational health risks) (Para- occupational health risks) (Community health risks) (Consumer health risks)
6. 6. .. 2556 0-15 (%) 0-5 (% ) Pesticide 547 32 (5.9%) 22 (68.8%) Solvent 15 3 (20%) 2 (66.7%) Toxic gas 43 14 (32.6%) 3 (21.4%) Env. Lung diseases 184 8 (4.3%) 4 (50%) Lead 53 0 0 Total 850 57 (6.7%) 31 (54.4%)
7. 7. 4 .. 2551 -2552 (. . ) 78 6 - 14 3.5 3.7 9.7 IQ 44.8 6 - 14
8. 8. 3% 25% Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) (Obesogen) 2 (DM type 2) (adipocytes) Phthalates, Bisphenol A (BPA), Pesticides POPs
9. 9.
10. 10. ..2540-2553 :
11. 11. () / () / 2554 533,524 173,243 32.47 2555 244,822 75,749 30.94 2556 314,805 96,227 30.57 2557 314,603 107,989 34.33 (: 2554-2557 2554-2557
12. 12. ..2546-2555( ..2003-2012) 1,734 2555 2003-2012
13. 13.
14. 14. (Ambient air) (Indoor air)
15. 15. (Criteria air pollutants): CO, NO2 ,Ozone, PM, Lead, SO2 (Hazardous air pollutants): VOC, pesticides, radionuclides
16. 16. :
17. 17.
18. 18. 50% (Otitis media)
19. 19. : Hotspot NOAA-18 2558
20. 20. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 2556 2556 2556 2556 PM10 2556 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WHO
21. 21. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 2557 2557 2557 2557 PM10 2557 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WHO
22. 22. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 1 4 7 2558 ..-58 2558 ..-58 PM10 2558 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WHO :
23. 23. 8 13 ..2558 ..2557 3 (2555- 2557) : 10 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 wk1 wk2 wk3 wk4 wk5 wk6 wk7 wk8 wk9 wk10 wk11 wk12 wk13 wk14 wk15 wk16 wk17 Median 55-57 2558 2557 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 wk1 wk2 wk3 wk4 wk5 wk6 wk7 wk8 wk9 wk10 wk11 wk12 wk13 wk14 wk15 wk16 wk17 Median 55-57 2558 2557 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 wk1 wk2 wk3 wk4 wk5 wk6 wk7 wk8 wk9 wk10 wk11 wk12 wk13 wk14 wk15 wk16 wk17 Median 55-57 2558 2557 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 wk1 wk2 wk3 wk4 wk5 wk6 wk7 wk8 wk9 wk10 wk11 wk12 wk13 wk14 wk15 wk16 wk17 Median 55-57 2558 2557
24. 24. 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 2554 2555 2556 . 2554-2556 Sum of 0-4 Sum of 5-9 Sum of 10-14 Sum of 15-19 Sum of 20-24 Sum of 25-29 Sum of 30-34 Sum of 35-39 Sum of 40-44 Sum of 45-49 Sum of 50-54 Sum of 55-59 Sum of 60
25. 25. 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 10 2556
26. 26. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 10 2556
27. 27.
28. 28. . .. 2541 4 44 15 47 48 18 22.00 06.00 . 49 18 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
29. 29. () 49 18 () 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 10 13.
30. 30. () .. 2544 51 ( 15- 18 ) 853 323 (37.9%) 15 (4.6%) () 46% 29% Phenol 4%
31. 31. . .
32. 32. ,
33. 33. 0 20 40 60 80 100 - - - 1.95 88.76 6.59 2.7
34. 34. ( . 3200 )
35. 35. X-ray , , + , ,
36. 36.
37. 37. : () () : 1. 2.
38. 38. 1. 2. 1. Point source: 2. Nonpoint source:
39. 39. 1. : Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) 2. 3. methylmercury
40. 40.
41. 41. .. 2530 . . 90 % 50 g/l 16 28,673 3 7,924 1,000 80% 22% 2543 24.7% 7,082 20 8-10
42. 42. 2546 5 WHO (totalarsenic) - 39 g/l 22 - 44 g/l 5
43. 43. () 744 As(III) ,As(V)
44. 44. . 24.8% 12.5%* . . ? Cd-U12.5% 33.2%* . ? 11% 70% * .. 2552
45. 45. :
46. 46. 52 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2535 2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 () 2535-2547 : 2553
47. 47. 53 E-waste 2546 E-waste 58,000 E-waste 40 E-waste
48. 48. (mg/Kg) (mg/Kg) (Hg) 0.70 23 (Pb) 79,520 400 (Cd) 1.46 37 (Ni) 75.2 1,600 (Mn) 1,519 1,800 : (),2551 .
49. 49. (mg/l) (mg/l) 1 2 0.001 0.001 0.005 0.02 0.01 0.1 0.001 0.001 0.03 0.1 0.1 2.0 0.15 0.1 0.2 0.16 0.17 0.5
50. 50. (mg/kg) (mg/kg) . 0.1 0.1 23 2.48 3.70 400 0.1 0.1 37 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 1600 10.0 228 1800
51. 51. (mg/kg) (mg/kg) 0.01 1.0 0.27 2.5 0.06 1.5 3.53 30.0 84.27 *Manual on Standards of Paddy ;http:www.agmarknet.nic.in/Paddy_manual.htm
52. 52. (g/dl) (Q1-Q3) 1.5(1.5-4.1) 1.50 13.20 (n=124)
53. 53. (g/dl) 5 100 80.6 5-9.9 23 18.5 10 1 0.8 124 100.0 :WHO 10 (g/dl)
54. 54. () (Under- report)
55. 55.
56. 56.
57. 57. . .
58. 58. It is our responsibility as parents, scientists, regulators, and physicians to protect the smallest among us from environmental hazards. Kenneth Olden Director The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences