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Affective DevelopmentShould be able to:
1. Describe adult-infant interaction
2. Discuss infant attachment
3. Explain infant emotional development4. Describe toddlers play
5. Discuss toddlers peculiarities
6. Explain preschoolers emotional development7. Describe preschoolers social interaction
8. Describe the development of self-esteem amongpreschooler
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Introduction
Discuss within first two years of life of a childs life
Psychological Attachment within adult and infant
From 15-30 months child will be called toddler
Getting control of muscle
Learning to speak
Serious independence, strong like and dislike and
ability say NO to parents
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Affective development in infancy
- Infancytime of rapid growth
- Physical, socio-emotional, cognitive
development changesvery fast
- Need very high quality interaction, tenderness
and touch, stimulation,
- Emotion development at this level
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Adult-infant interaction
Brezelton and Als described 4 stages in adult-
infants interaction
Homeo-static control
Prolonging of attention and interaction
Testing limits
The emergence autonomy
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Homeostatic control
To achieve control their own states and
physiological systems.
Pay attentionbehaviour respond - stimuli
Control motor activity
Consciousness
Autonomic responses
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Prolonging of attention
To stay getting attention by social cues
Important adultparents etc
Use their own rapidly increasing capacities Smile, vocalising, facial behaviours, motor cues
signal
1-8 weekssocial smiling and vocalising
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Testing limits
Parents and caregivers are trying to test the
relationship -
Infants to respond to information
Ability to withdraw and recover in homeostatic
system
- Infant play a series of games include smiling,
vocalizing and touching
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Emergence of autonomy
4-5 months
Aware of every sight and sound and texture
present of parents and leaving
Cognitive, affective and motor capacities
compel the infant toward a whole new level of
adjustment
Adults are needed to provide new experiences
and to confirm the infants competece
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How to interact with infant?
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How do attachment affect ChildrensDevelopment?
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Attachment theory
John Bowlbylate 1950s
Several critical elements of an individualsemotional life
The tendency to form attachment bonds
The role of caregivers
The anxiety and anger which separation and lossprovoke
The nature of grieving for the loss of anattachment
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Early research on infant attachment
1960s Mary Ainsworth three majorcategories of attachment
Secure
Anxious/ avoidant Anxious / ambivalent
Different levels of attachment Type A (anxious-avoidant)
Type B (secure)more independent
Type C (anxious-resistant)insecurely
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Mary Main and Judith Solomon, 1986
Identified 4 pattern
What is secure attachment?
Securely attached children
Secure attachment occurs when children have
caregivers:
How does a securely attached infant behave?
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How do attachment develop?
How do attachment develop?
Undiscriminating responses (0-3 months)
Discriminating behaviour (3-6 months)
Formation of secure base (6-24 months)
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To what extent does attachment influence
later development/behaviours Secure att
Insecure att
Ambivalent att
Avoidant att
Disorganised att
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Emotional development in Infant
Expressed by facial reactions
Positive affecthigh energy, enthusiasm,
excitement, joy etc
Negative affectnegatively toned, anger, guilt,
sadness
Refer to page 60- table 2.1
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Why do infants cry?
Basic cry
Anger cry
Pain cry
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Affective development in toddlerhood
Toddler social relationship
Toddler play and interaction
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Toddler peculiarities
Temper tantrum
Begin earlier than two years of age
Frustration
Tired
Acceptancenew sibling, baby
-When it happen;-Dont try to talk your child out of it
-Dont ask what the matter is
-dont start on a sensible justification why
cannot do this and that
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Why do toddlers bite?
Cause and affect
Attention
Imitation Independence
Frustration
Stress
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Affective development in preschool
(discussion )
Emotion
Fear
Social relationships
Social relationship and popularity Popular children
Rejected children
Controversial
Neglected Consequences of peer rejection
Learning to share
Curbing aggressive behaviours
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Self- esteem
Factors
Initial infant-caregiver attachment type
Develop a sense of theirs
Physical appearance
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Why it is important to develop positive
self-esteem?
discuss