THE H

UMAN WORLD

:

RESOURCES, TRADE A

ND THE

ENVIRONMENT

CHAPTER 4

SECT IO

N 4

EQ: How does the availability and use of natural resources affect economic activities and the environment?

OBJ: I will be able to analyze how changes in the physical environment of a place can increase or diminish its capacity to support human activity.

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Elements from the Earth that are not made by people but can

be used by them for food, fuel, or other necessities are called natural resources

Renewable resources cannot be used up, or can be replaced naturally, or grown again in a relatively short amount of time

Types of Renewable ResourcesWaterSunWindForestsAnimal Life Non-renewable resources cannot be replaced, such as

minerals and fossil fuels

ORGANIZER!

Types of Economic Activity

ECONOMIES AND WORLD TRADE: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Geographers and Economists classify the world’s economic activity into 4 types

Primary economic activitiesInvolve taking or using natural resources directly from the Earth

Secondary economic activitiesRaw materials are used to produce something new and more

valuableTertiary economic activities

Helps provide services to people and businessesQuaternary economic activities

Concerned with the processing, management and distribution of information

ECONOMIES AND WORLD TRADE: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Industrialization, or the spread of industry, help influence a country’s level of development

Developed countriesMost people work in service, manufacturing, or information

industries and enjoy a high standard of living

Newly industrialized countriesIncludes Mexico and Malaysia

Developing countriesIn these developing countries, agriculture remains dominantPeople engage in subsistence farmingMilitant groups arise due to resentment of and discontentment with

lack of resources

WORLD TRADE

The unequal distribution of natural resources promotes a complex network of trade among countries

Differences in labor costs and education levels affect world trade as well

Barriers to TradeA government conducts trade to benefit its own economyTax or tariff on imported/exported goodsQuotasEmbargos

Free TradeThe removal of barriers so that goods can flow freely among countries

WORLD TRADEThe General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was the first

international agreement to promote free tradeIn 1995 GATT became the World Trade Organization (WTO)

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)Mexico, Canada, and the United States are a part of this agreementEliminates all trade barriers to goods of these countries

The European Union is the world’s largest trading bloc and includes many countries of EuropeThey have a regional currency known as the euro to show

cooperationThe Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established

in 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand Encourages economic growth and trade

PEOPLE AND THE ENVIRONMENT Water and Land PollutionOil spills, chemical waste, fertilizer, and pesticides can pollute the water supplyChemical waste and radioactive waste can poison fertile topsoil and also leak

deep into the soil

Air PollutionThe main sources of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels by industries and

vehiclesChemicals in the air combine with precipitation to form acid rainForests provide animal habitats, prevent oil erosion, and carries out

photosynthesis

The Fragile EcosystemHuman activity can disrupt the environmentEarth’s land, air, and water are interrelated so what harms one part of the

system harms all other parts including all living things

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