ANALYSIS PAPER:
The 15th
Joint Public Opinion Poll
Japan-China Public Opinion Survey 2019
In Cooperation With:
Japan: Public Opinion Research Center
China: Horizon Research Consultancy Group
October, 2019
The Genron NPO
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Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
The Genron NPO and China International Publishing Group conducted joint opinion polls targeting the
citizens of Japan and China in September 2019. This survey has been administered annually since 2005,
when Japan-China relations were at its worst. This year marks the 15th year that this poll has been
conducted. The objective of the survey is to continuously monitor the state of mutual understanding and
perceptions of the Japanese and Chinese public towards one another as well as the changes that ensue
over time.
The opinion poll in Japan was administered through the placement method (in which the survey was
hand-delivered to homes and then collected) between September 7 and September 28, targeting men and
women above the age of 18. A total of 1,000 valid responses were obtained. Respondents were 48.6%
male and 51.4% female. The age range consisted of 2.4% under the age of 20, 11.9% between the ages of
20 and 29, 14.7% between the ages of 30 and 39, 17.5% between the ages of 40 and 49, 14.5% between
the ages of 50 and 59 and 39% over the age of 60. The educational background of respondents were 5.7%
junior high school diploma and under, 49.3% high school diploma, 20.6% junior/technical college
diploma, 21.7% bachelor’s degree and 1.1% master’s degree or higher.
The opinion poll in China was administered through individual interviews between September 7 and
September 20, targeting men and women over the age of 18 in 10 cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou,
Chengdu, Shenyang, Wuhan, Nanjing, Xi’an, Qingdao and Zhengzhou. A total of 1,597 valid responses
were obtained. Respondents were 48.7% male and 51.3% female. The age range consisted of 2.8% under
the age of 20, 20.2% between the ages of 20 and 29, 24.4% between the ages of 30 and 39, 26.2%
between the ages of 40 and 49, 17.8% between the ages of 50 and 59, and 8.7% above the age of 60. The
educational background of respondents were 9.2% junior high school diploma and under, 32% high
school/technical high school diploma, 30.9% technical college diploma, 25.6% bachelor’s degree, 0.6%
double degree and 1.2% master’s degree or higher.
Apart from this opinion poll, The Genron NPO and China International Publishing Group also
conducted the same survey targeting the intellectuals in both countries. This survey targeting intellectuals
was administered together with the public opinion poll in order to complement the general understanding
of the Japanese and Chinese peoples by comparing expert/intellectual perspectives with the results
obtained from the public opinion poll. Most intellectuals in both Japan and China do not depend solely
upon domestic media or the internet as their means of obtaining information on one another’s countries.
Rather, contrary to the general public, intellectuals obtain information by actually traveling abroad or
through direct contact with friends and acquaintances in the other country.
In Japan, the same survey used for the public opinion poll was emailed between September 12 and
October 9 to approximately 2,000 intellectuals consisting of domestic business managers, academics,
press, and government employees who had previously participated in The Genron NPO’s discussions and
<Survey Overview>
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surveys. A total of 404 responses were obtained. Respondents were 86.4% male and 11.6% female, and
consisted of 1% under the age of 20, 2.2% between the ages of 20 and 29, 5.2% between the ages of 30
and 39, 11.6% between the ages of 40 and 49, 26% between the ages of 50 and 59, and 52.5% over the
age of 60. The educational background of respondents were 0% junior high school diploma and under,
3% high school diploma, 2% junior/technical college diploma, 59.9% bachelor’s degree, and 31.4%
master’s degree or higher.
In China, phone interviews were administered between September 7 and September 20 to 5,350
intellectuals from the Horizon Research Consultancy Group’s database, consisting of 45,000 people
including business leaders, government officials, journalists, experts and public organization officials. A
total of 600 responses were obtained. The educational background of respondents was 13.5 % technical
college diploma, 60.7% bachelor’s degree, 6.8% double degree, 17.2% master’s degree and 1.8% doctoral
degree.
※ Percentages may not add up to 100% in some cases as the numbers here are rounded off to one decimal point and non-responses are
not included.
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1. Impressions of One Another’s Countries
Impression of the Other Country
The Chinese people’s impression of Japan has improved, with 45.9% stating that they have a
“favorable” impression of Japan, recording the highest this percentage has been since the survey
began in 2005.
By contrast, while there has been some improvement in the Japanese people’s impression of China,
84.7% still have an “unfavorable” impression, showing results that contrast with those of the
Chinese. There was a slight increase in those with a “favorable” impression of China, but this
percentage still only amounted to 15% of total responses.
【Impression of the Other Country】
15.1%
11.8%
33.1%
24.1% 26.6%
27.3%
20.8% 15.6% 9.6%
6.8%
10.6%
8.0% 11.5%
13.1% 15.0%
37.9%
36.4%
66.3%
75.6% 73.2% 72.0%
78.3%
84.3% 90.1%
93.0% 88.8%
91.6%
88.3% 86.3%
84.7%
11.6%
14.5% 24.4%
27.3%
32.6%
38.3%
28.6% 31.8%
5.2%
11.3%
21.4% 21.7%
31.5%
42.2% 45.9%
62.9%
56.9%
36.5% 40.6%
65.2%
55.9%
65.9%
64.5%
92.8%
86.8% 78.3%
76.7%
66.8%
56.1% 52.7%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Japanese public opinion: favorable/ relatively favorable
Japanese public opinion: unfavorable/ relatively unfavorable
Chinese public opinion: favorable/ relatively favorable
Chinese public opinion: unfavorable/ relatively unfavorable
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Reasons Behind the Impression of the Other Country
The greatest reason for the “favorable” impression of China among the Japanese was the “increased
familiarity of the Chinese due to greater numbers of Chinese visitors and private exchanges” at 40%,
largely surpassing last year’s 32.8%. The overall scheme in which the increase of Chinese visitors
and private exchanges contributed to a more favorable impression of China among the Japanese was
the same as last year.
Among the Chinese, the most popular reason for their “favorable” impression of Japan was, in line
with last year’s trend, the “remarkable growth of Japan’s economy and its high standards of living,”
at 53.1%. Over 40% also cited reasons such as “Japan’s beautiful environments, scenic landscapes
and many sights, including hot springs” (49.7%), “high quality of Japanese products” (49.4%), and
“Japanese politeness, good manners and high cultural standards” (44.6%), showing a diverse set of
reasons for the favorable impression, from tourism and Japanese products to national character.
On the other hand, the greatest factor contributing to the “unfavorable” impression of China among
the Japanese was “continuing territorial issues over Senkaku Islands and Japanese waters/airspace,”
at 51.4%. This percentage, however, has decreased from last year’s 58.6%. While most factors
showed a decrease from last year’s results, uneasiness over China’s “different political system
(one-party rule of the Communist Party)” rose 6 points from 37% last year to 43% this year,
constituting the second most popular reason for the “unfavorable” impression of China among the
Japanese public.
Among the Chinese public, two reasons stood out as contributing to the unfavorable impression of
Japan, following last year’s trend – “Japan’s lack of a proper apology and remorse over its history of
invasion into China” and “Japan’s nationalization of Diaoyu Islands” at approximately 60% each.
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【Reasons for Favorable Impression】
【Chinese public opinion】
20.0%
25.3%
18.0%
40.0%
30.7%
14.0%
24.7%
8.7%
2.0%
19.3%
6.7% 4.7%
1.3%
25.2% 24.4%
32.8%
29.0%
16.0%
28.2%
12.2%
3.1%
18.3%
7.6%
9.9%
0.0%
0%
20%
40%
60%
China has begun to act as a great
international power
Improved living standards in C
hina due to significant econom
ic development
Am
icable bilateral relations & positive
attitude towards bettering relations
Increased familiarity due to increase in
Chinese visitors and exchanges
Interest in traditional Chinese culture
and history
Interest in Chinese cuisine, recent
Chinese m
usic and literature
Interest in Chinese sights and nature
Earnest and hardw
orking character of the C
hinese people
Large scale of the Chinese people's
words and actions
Inexpensive cost and attractiveness of C
hinese products
Other
No particular reason
No response
2019 (N=150)
2018 (N=131)
53.1%
36.6%
44.6% 49.4% 49.7%
35.2%
19.0%
14.2%
5.7%
0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
51.6%
38.0%
49.2%
44.0% 45.3%
25.0%
14.9% 11.8%
2.9% 0.0% 0.3% 0.2% 0%
20%
40%
60%
Rem
arkable growth of Japan's
economy and its high standards of living
Earnest and hardw
orking character of the Japanese people
Japanese politeness, good manners
and high cultural standards
High quality of Japanese products
Japan's beautiful environments, scenic
landscapes and many sights, including
hot springs
Advanced Japanese technologies
Attractiveness of Japanese culture
Stability of Japanese society &
well-
developed infrastracture and legal system
s
Japan's long-term operation of
Overseas D
evelopment A
ssistance (O
DA
)
Other
No particular reason
No response
2019 (N=733)
2018 (N=653)
【Japanese public opinion】
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【Reasons for Unfavorable Impression】
43.0%
12.2%
2.1%
34.2%
21.1%
29.0% 32.3%
51.4%
42.7%
20.8%
8.3% 6.0%
0.4%
37.0%
4.3%
41.8%
22.4%
33.5% 36.6%
58.6%
48.0%
28.6%
0.0%
8.6% 4.6%
0.7%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Different political system
(one-party rule of the C
omm
unist Party)
Chinese tow
ards US
-China tension
(new option for 2019)
Military conflict in the past
Criticism
of Japan over historical issues
Incomprehensible patriotic actions and
ideas
Notable m
ilitary reinforcement and non-
transparency
Aggressive acts by the C
hinese as a w
orld power in international society
Continuing territorial issues over
Senkaku and Japanese w
aters/airspace
Actions that go against international
rules
Repeated anti-Japan broadcasts by the
Chinese m
edia
Entrenched nationalism
of the Chinese
people
Other
No particular reason
No response
2019 (N=847)
2018 (N=863)
60.5%
44.1%
56.9%
37.4% 29.0%
24.1%
16.9% 13.4%
16.5%
5.3% 4.2%
0.0%
0.0% 0.4%
54.7%
41.5%
50.5%
37.7%
28.9%
19.4% 17.1%
17.3% 19.6%
6.1% 5.5%
0.0% 1.7% 0.1%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%Japan's lack of a proper apology and rem
orse over the invasion into China
Japan's attempt to encircle C
hina on military,
economic, ideological, etc. w
ith the US
Japan's nationalization of the Diaoyu Islands
which has triggered conflicts
Inappropriate remarks m
ade by certain politicians
Japan's negative attitude towards the O
ne-C
hina Principle
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ent of Chinese threat by the
Japanese media
The Japanese people's entrenched
nationalism
Japan's unfaithful attitude towards bilateral
relations, focusing only on economic profits
Japan's arrogance and its attitude of superiority over C
hina
Difference in political system
s
Militaristic trends seen in a certain section of
Japanese society
Other
No particular reason
No response
2019 (N=842)
2018 (N=868)
【Japanese public opinion】
【Chinese public opinion】
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Changes in Public Sentiment from Last Year
Among the Japanese, 65.4% responded that public sentiment towards China has not changed over
the past year. Approximately 20%, however, say that it has worsened (percentage includes
“relatively worsened”).
Half of the Chinese (53.7%) also responded that there has been no particular change in public
sentiment towards Japan over the past year. However, contrary to Japanese responses, the opinion
that it has improved (including “relatively improved”) constituted nearly 30% of all responses (at
29.6%).
【Changes in Public Sentiment Among Both Countries Nationals Since Last Year】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
A 1.2% B
4.7%
C 65.4%
D 15.8%
E 7.0%
F 5.9%
G 0.0%
2019 (N=1000)
A 6.6%
B 23.0%
C 53.7%
D 12.5%
E 2.9%
F 1.3%
G 0.1%
2019 (N=1597)
A Improved
B Relatively improved
C No change
D Relatively worsened
E Worsened
F Not sure
G No response
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2. Current and Future Japan-China Relations
Current and Future Japan-China Relations
While last year’s survey results showed the percentage of Japanese who view current Japan-China
relations as bad falling to under 40% for the first time in 8 years, this year showed a worsening of
views. Up 6 points from last year, 44.8% of the Japanese view current Japan-China relations as bad.
On the other hand, Chinese who view bilateral relations as bad decreased again, falling below 40%
(35.6%) for the first time in 8 years. At the same time, over 30% (34.3%) of the Chinese see current
relations as good.
In terms of changes in bilateral relations over the past year, most of both countries’ respondents
(around 50% of both) replied that there has not been any change. The view that relations have
worsened, however, increased 13 points among the Japanese to 31.8%, while for the Chinese, it
dropped slightly from last year, showing differing understandings among the two countries’ peoples.
【Current Japan-China Relations】
2.1% 3.7%
6.5% 13.0% 15.0%
22.0%
8.8% 7.4%
2.4% 1.3% 2.4%
1.9%
6.7% 7.2% 8.5%
74.0% 69.0%
53.1%
46.1%
36.9%
28.7%
51.7%
53.7%
79.7%
83.4%
71.9% 71.9%
44.9%
39.0%
44.8%
10.5% 10.4%
24.9%
54.3%
72.0% 74.5%
54.5%
42.9%
5.9%
15.0% 12.0%
14.0%
22.8%
30.3% 34.3%
54.9%
41.2%
24.7%
13.1%
20.5%
18.6%
32.3%
41.0%
90.3%
67.2% 67.2%
78.2%
64.2%
45.1%
35.6%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Japanese public opinion: good/ relatively good Japanese public opinion: bad/ relatively bad
Chinese public opinion: good/ relatively good Chinese public opinion: bad/ relatively bad
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Obstacles to Building Japan-China Relations
While the majority most common answer choice of the respondents from both countries continues to
be “territorial issues,” which they thought as the greatest obstacle to building Japan-China relations,
but this percentage has dropped from last year for both countries. For the Chinese, it continues to be
followed by “economic frictions,” “disputes over marine resources” and “lack of trust,” both
“between governments” as well as “between nationals.” The percentage of those who selected
“nationalism and anti-Japanese sentiment,” however, rose 15 points from last year’s 5.4% to 20.4%.
Among the Japanese, those who cite the “lack of trust between governments” rose to over 40%.
Additionally, the responses “economic frictions” and “China’s reinforcement of military forces” also
showed increases from last year. Meanwhile, the percentage of Japanese who cite the “lack of trust
between nationals” fell to under 30%, down 8 points from last year.
【Obstacles to Building Japan-China Relations】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
28.0%
43.6%
32.4%
54.4%
17.8%
4.8%
16.0%
3.3%
15.9%
5.6%
18.5%
1.8%
7.9%
4.8%
15.0%
2.4%
1.6%
36.1%
39.6%
32.6%
61.1%
14.4%
5.2%
13.9%
3.4%
17.9%
5.0%
18.7%
1.0%
4.0%
5.2%
15.3%
0.9%
2.3%
0%20%40%60%
Lack of trust between nationals
Lack of trust between governments
Disputes over marine resources (gasfield development in East China Sea)
Territorial issues over Senkaku/ DiaoyuIslands
Economic frictions
US-Japan alliance & Japan'sreinforcement of military forces
China's reinforcement of military forces
Japanese nationalism & anti-Chinesesentiment
Chinese nationalism & anti-Japanesesentiment
Perception of history and education inJapan
Perception of history and education inChina
Inappropriate remarks on China madeby Japanese politicians
Inappropriate remarks on Japan madeby Chinese politicians
Anti-China broadcasts by Japanesemedia
Anti-Japan broadcasts by Chinesemedia
Other
No response
2019 (N=1000)
2018 (N=1000)
24.7%
22.2%
24.9%
51.2%
31.4%
18.7%
10.0%
5.1%
6.4%
20.4%
24.0%
8.7%
8.0%
1.7%
2.6%
0.4%
0.0%
0.4%
27.6%
24.2%
27.5%
55.3%
31.5%
24.0%
8.8%
9.0%
5.4%
25.2%
7.2%
6.3%
1.5%
4.3%
0.6%
0.0%
0.3%
0% 20% 40% 60%
Lack of trust between nationals
Lack of trust between governments
Disputes over marine resources (gasfield development in East China Sea)
Territorial issues over Diaoyu/ SenkakuIslands
Economic frictions
Japan-US alliance & Japan'sreinforcement of military forces
Future of the US-China trade war
China's reinforcement of military forces
Japanese nationalism & anti-Chinesesentiment
Chinese nationalism & anti-Japanesesentiment
Perception of history and education inJapan
Perception of history and education inChina
Inappropriate remarks on China madeby Japanese politicians
Inappropriate remarks on Japan madeby Chinese politicians
Anti-China broadcasts by Japanesemedia
Anti-Japan broadcasts by Chinesemedia
Other
No response
2019 (N=1597)
2018 (N=1548)
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3. Developing a New Cooperative Relationship
Effective Measures for Improving Bilateral Relations
An outstanding 43.6% of the Japanese feel that “strengthen[ing] trust between the two governments”
is the most effective measure for improving bilateral relations. Adding the percentage of those who
selected “increase[ing] interaction between the two countries’ leaders,” 60% of the Japanese hope for
strengthening relations on a governmental level.
The same trend can be seen in China, where the sum of these two items is 61.6%. Expectations
towards “strengthen[ed] trust between the two governments” have especially grown, up 13 points
from last year.
【Effective Measures for Improving Bilateral Relations】
【Japanese public opinion】
17.9%
43.6%
16.8%
4.9%
24.6%
11.8%
6.7% 10.7%
0.0%
7.7% 8.8%
12.6%
1.5% 1.8%
10.2%
1.8%
20.3%
39.1%
25.5%
4.4%
28.7%
11.6% 7.7%
0.0%
4.1%
7.8% 8.4%
11.2%
1.6%
0.6%
10.1%
0.6%
0%
20%
40%
Increase interaction between the tw
o countries' leaders
Strengthen trust betw
een the two governm
ents
Resolve historical perception issue
Cooperate on crisis m
anagement and
comm
unication mechanism
s in the East C
hina S
ea
Resolve territorial issues w
ith the Senkaku/
Diaoyu Islands
Cooperate tow
ards resolving North K
orean nuclear issue
Establish peace and order in N
ortheast Asia
Cooperate tow
ards resolving international issues like the prom
otion of global free trade and m
ultilateral cooperation
Form
free trade zones in East A
sia and promote
a global free trade system
Cooperate on issues that A
sia faces
Strengthen econom
ic cooperation in trade &
investment, including F
TA
and free trade zones
Prom
ote further private interaction between the
two countries' peoples
Build a peaceful environm
ent throughout East
Asia
Other
Not sure
No response
2019 (N=1000)
2018 (N=1000)
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【Chinese public opinion】
Establishing a New Cooperating Relationship for the Stable Development of the
Global Economy and Peace in East Asia
50% of the Japanese and 60% of the Chinese believe that a new, stronger cooperating relationship
should be established in order to realize peace in East Asia and for the stable development of the
global economy.
【Should a New Cooperating Relationship be Established for Stable, Peaceful Order】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
22.9%
38.7% 40.3%
20.4%
32.7%
5.3% 5.0%
12.6%
0.0%
4.6% 5.0% 3.4%
0.0% 1.4% 0.2%
31.1%
26.0%
42.8%
24.0%
30.6%
1.8% 2.9%
0.0%
7.5% 5.0% 8.4%
12.2%
0.0%
1.9%
0.0% 0%
20%
40%
Increase interaction
between
the tw
o countries'
leaders
Strengthen trust betw
een the two governm
ents
Resolve historical perception issues
Cooperate
on crisis
managem
ent and
comm
unication m
echanisms
in the
East
China
Sea
Resolve
territorial issues
with
the D
iaoyu/ S
enkaku Islands
Cooperate
towards
resolving N
orth K
orean nuclear issue
Establish peace and order in N
ortheast Asia
Cooperate tow
ards resolving international issues like
the prom
otion of
global free
trade and
multilateral cooperation
Form
free trade zones in East A
sia and promote a
global free trade system
Cooperate on issues that A
sia faces
Strengthen
economic
cooperation in
trade &
investm
ent, including FT
A and free trade zones
Prom
ote further
private interaction
between
the tw
o countries' peoples
Build
a peaceful
environment
throughout E
ast A
sia
Other
Not sure
No response
2019 (N=1597)
2018 (N=1548)
A Yes
B No
C Neither
D Not sure
E No response
A 53.5%
A 52.5%
B 4.7% B 4.6%
C 26.3%
C 25.7%
D 14.6%
D 16.1%
E 0.9% E 1.1%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1000)
2019(N=1000)
A 63.5%
A 62.2%
B 12.4%
B 12.0%
C 17.1%
C 18.6%
D 6.9%
D 6.4% E 0.1% E 0.8%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1548)
2019(N=1597)
12
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4. Importance of Japan-China Relations
How the Importance of Japan-China Relations is Viewed
Nearly 70% of both countries’ respondents consider Japan-China relations to be “important.”
However, there was a 7 point decrease this year in the percentage of Chinese respondents who
consider the relationship “important.”
As for reasons why the relationship is “important,” a 56.8% majority of Japanese respondents
replied “because China is an important trade partner.” However, while the “necessity of Japan-China
cooperation towards peace and development in Asia” was selected by 53.8% of the Japanese, this
percentage fell below 30% for the Chinese (at 27.2%).
【Importance of Current Japan-China Relations】
76.5% 72.6% 73.8% 80.3% 82.1% 81.5%
77.6%
80.3%
74.1% 70.6%
74.4%
70.4%
71.8%
71.4%
72.7%
4.2%
4.2% 4.2% 3.2%
2.9% 2.5% 4.3% 3.3%
5.9% 7.5% 6.8% 5.8% 4.6%
3.3% 3.5%
71.2% 67.2%
86.6% 90.1%
92.5%
83.1%
78.4%
72.3%
65.0%
70.1%
70.8%
68.7%
74.0%
67.0%
8.1% 10.3%
2.3%
5.1%
0.5%
14.8% 15.8%
24.0% 18.7%
14.2% 20.2%
12.4% 9.3%
15.4%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Japanese public opinion: Important/ relatively importantJapanese public opinion: Unimportant/ relatively unimportantChinese public opinion: Important/ relatively importantChinese public opinion: Unimportant/ relatively unimportant
13
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Importance of Japan-China Relations and Relations with the US / Sense of Affinity
Towards the Respective Countries
When comparing Japan-China relations to relations with the US, 48.2% of the Japanese and 39.2% of
the Chinese replied that “both are equally important,” constituting the majority response for both.
However, for the Chinese, “relations with the US are more important” also constituted 35.8% of
responses, up from last year’s 31.5% and almost on par with the percentage of those who feel that
“both are equally important.” Meanwhile, the response that “Japan-China relations are more important”
constituted a mere 4.2% of Japanese and 15.7% of Chinese public opinion, showing no major change
from last year’s results.
Comparing the sense of affinity felt towards one another as opposed to the US, nearly half (49.7%) of
the Japanese feel “more affinity towards the US,” while nearly half of the Chinese feel “no affinity
towards either.” Among the Japanese, 4.8% feel “more affinity towards China.” While this percentage
rose for the Chinese as compared to last year, only 12.3% of the Chinese feel “more affinity towards
Japan.”
【Importance of Japan-China Relations and Relations with the US】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
A 4.5%
A 4.2%
B 30.9%
B 34.8%
C 52.5%
C 48.2%
D 11.7%
D 12.2%
E 0.4%
E 0.6%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1000)
2019(N=1000)
A Japan-China relations are
more important than relations
with the US
B Relations with the US are
more important than
Japan-China relations
C Both is equally important
D Not sure
E No response
A 14.2%
A 15.7%
B 31.5%
B 35.8%
C 46.6%
C 39.4%
D 6.9%
D 8.1%
E 0.7%
E 0.9%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1548)
2019(N=1597)
14
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
【Sense of Affinity Felt Towards One Another’s Countries as Opposed to the US】
Importance of Japan-China Relations and Relations with South Korea / Sense of
Affinity Towards the Respective Countries
When comparing the importance of Japan-China relations to that with South Korea, the majority of
both countries’ respondents replied that “both are equally important.” This percentage, however, has
fallen for both countries, down 10 points for the Japanese and approximately 6 points for the
Chinese. Among the Japanese, there has been an increase in those who consider Japan-China
relations as more important than Japan-South Korea relations over the past year. Those who consider
Japan-China relations as more important increased 8 points from last year to 31%. For the Chinese,
the perceived importance of Japan-China and Japan-South Korea relations were equal at around 20%
for each.
In terms of the sense of affinity towards the respective countries, an approximately 40% majority of
both countries’ respondents replied that they feel “no affinity towards either.” However, among the
Japanese, there has been a worsening of sentiments towards South Korea, with an 8 point decrease in
those who feel “more affinity towards South Korea,” at 17.1% this year. At the same time, those
who feel “more affinity towards China” increased close to twofold from last year to 13.2%.
A 4.6%
A 4.8%
B 46.9%
B 49.7%
C 12.4%
C 13.8%
D 21.5%
D 19.7%
E 14.3%
E 11.7%
F 0.3%
F 0.3%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1000)
2019(N=1000)
A 9.9%
A 12.3%
B 19.1%
B 16.8%
C 17.6%
C 15.4%
D 46.4%
D 47.8%
E 6.5%
E 7.0%
F 0.5%
F 0.8%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1548)
2019(N=1597)
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
A More affinity towards the other
country
B More affinity towards the US
C Equal sense of affinity towards
both
D No affinity towards either
E Not sure
F No response
15
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
【Importance of Japan-China Relations and Relations with South Korea】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
【Sense of Affinity Felt Towards One Another’s Countries as Opposed to South Korea】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
A 23.2%
A 31.0%
B 6.2% B
6.9%
C 53.3%
C 43.3%
D 15.2%
D 17.6% E
2.1% E
1.2%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1000)
2019(N=1000)
A 22.4%
A 24.3%
B 20.0%
B 22.7%
C 48.1%
C 42.7%
D 9.1%
D 9.7%
E 0.5%
E 0.6%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1548)
2019(N=1597)
A 6.9%
A 13.2%
B 25.8%
B 17.1%
C 15.4%
C 14.1%
D 36.2%
D 41.9%
E 14.5%
E 12.9% F
1.2% F
0.8%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1000)
2019(N=1000)
A 9.8%
A 9.1%
B 28.2%
B 25.9%
C 18.0%
C 16.4%
D 37.0%
D 39.8%
E 6.7%
E 8.0%
F 0.3%
F 0.9%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1548)
2019(N=1597)
A Japan-China relations are
more important than relations
with South Korea
B Relations with South Korea
are more important than
Japan-China relations
C Both are equally important
D Not sure
E No response
A More affinity towards the other
country
B More affinity towards South
Korea
C Equal sense of affinity towards
both
D No sense of affinity towards
either
E Not sure
F No response
16
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
Most Important Foreign Relation
In terms of the most important foreign relation considering the future of their own country, a
strikingly large proportion of Japanese respondents replied the “United States,” at over 60%. For the
Chinese, the percentage of those that selected the “United States” slightly surpassed that for
“Russia,” last year’s majority response. Meanwhile, only 6.8% of the Japanese selected “China” and
14.7% of the Chinese selected “Japan,” both coming in third among the options presented, in line
with last year’s trend.
【Most Important Foreign Relation】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
6.8%
0.8%
62.9%
0.8%
0.3%
0.2%
0.1%
0.8%
4.1%
1.9%
1.3%
0.7%
0.2%
0.4%
17.1%
8.2%
1.8%
57.8%
1.1%
0.8%
0.2%
0.1%
1.4%
7.2%
2.0%
0.2%
18.2%
0%20%40%60%
China
South Korea
United States
Russia
United Kingdom
Germany
France
EU
ASEAN countries
India
Africa
Middle East
South America
Other
Not sure
2019 (N=1000)
2018 (N=1000)
14.7%
2.6%
28.9%
26.6%
1.6%
1.6%
0.6%
8.0%
3.6%
0.8%
1.7%
3.0%
1.4%
0.0%
4.8%
18.2%
2.1%
23.3%
30.9%
2.6%
2.2%
2.3%
10.9%
1.5%
0.2%
0.0%
5.8%
0% 20% 40% 60%
Japan
South Korea
United States
Russia
United Kingdom
Germany
France
EU
ASEAN countries
India
Africa
Middle East
South America
Other
Not sure
2019 (N=1597)
2018 (N=1548)
17
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
5. Basic Understanding of One Another’s Countries
Perceptions of the Social/Political Systems of the Other Country
A 52% majority of Japanese respondents continue to view China as a “socialist/communist” country,
followed by 34.1% who see it as “totalitarian (one-party rule).” Both responses have increased
slightly from last year.
Among the Chinese, a 32.3% majority recognize Japan as a “capitalist” country, however, this
percentage has dropped 17 points from last year’s results. Additionally, the understanding of Japan
as “militaristic” rose 6 points to 32% this year, on par with the view of Japan as “capitalist.”
Meanwhile, views of Japan as “hegemonistic” and displaying “favorism towards great powers” were
chosen by 18.5% (39.5% last year) and 5.8% (12.1% last year) of the Chinese respectively, both
showing a large decrease from last year. On the other hand, there has been a 15 point increase in the
percentage of those who view Japan as “nationalist,” up to 23.6% this year.
【Perceptions of the Social/ Political Systems of the Other Country】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
52.0%
9.7%
34.1%
7.2%
16.2%
7.0%
7.3%
2.1%
13.2%
5.0%
11.8%
2.1%
2.1%
49.4%
7.2%
32.6%
5.2%
16.9%
6.1%
10.2%
2.6%
20.4%
3.5%
9.1%
0.2%
4.6%
0%20%40%60%
Communist/ Socialist
Capitalist
Totalitarian (One-party rule)
Democratic
Militaristic
Pacifist
Hegemonistic
Internationally cooperative
Favorism towards greatpowers
Nationalist
Statist
Other
No response
2019 (N=1000)
2018 (N=1000)
6.1%
32.3%
14.3%
10.4%
32.0%
8.4%
18.5%
4.7%
5.8%
23.6%
10.5%
0.0%
4.3%
0.3%
5.0%
48.9%
17.3%
7.6%
25.7%
3.0%
39.5%
1.4%
12.1%
9.0%
2.6%
0.0%
2.1%
0.1%
0% 20% 40% 60%
Communist/ Socialist
Capitalist
Totalitarian (One-party rule)
Democratic
Militaristic
Pacifist
Hegemonistic
Internationally cooperative
Favorism towards greatpowers
Nationalist
Statist
Other
Not sure
No response
2019 (N=1597)
2018 (N=1548)
18
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
75.6%
23.7%
25.0%
39.6%
7.9%
10.6%
10.5%
4.1%
2.1%
10.0%
1.9%
76.7%
18.4%
17.6%
37.4%
6.8%
11.0%
12.6%
4.1%
4.7%
14.0%
0.3%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Shinzo Abe
Yukio Hatoyama
Yasuo Fukuda
Junichiro Koizumi
Yasuhiro Nakasone
Masayoshi Ohira
Kakuei Tanaka
Shigeru Yoshida
Tomiichi Murayama
None recognized
No response
2019 (N=1597)
2018 (N=1548)
84.9%
15.4%
52.7%
34.4%
55.6%
52.1%
50.6%
87.8%
4.2%
0.7%
82.0%
16.3%
55.5%
34.8%
58.2%
51.9%
49.0%
87.8%
4.4%
0.1%
0%20%40%60%80%100%
Xi Jinping
Li Keqiang
Hu Jintao
Wen Jiabao
Jiang Zemin
Deng Xiaoping
Zhou Enlai
Mao Zedong
None recognized
No response
2019 (N=1000)
2018 (N=1000)
Name Recognition of the Other Country’s Politicians
The most well-known Chinese politician continues to be “Mao Zedong,” recognized by nearly 90%
of the Japanese (87.8%). “Xi Jinping” was on par with Zedong at 84.9%, both significantly
surpassing the remaining responses. Only a tenth recognize “Li Keqiang.” Over 70% of the Chinese
recognize “Shinzo Abe.”
【Politicians Recognized From the Other Country】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
19
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
6. Interactions Among the General Public
Visiting the Other Country
While the percentage of Japanese who expressed a desire to visit China slightly increased this year
at 32.3%, nearly 70% still responded that they do not wish to visit China. This trend has not changed
from last year. Meanwhile, among the Chinese, although the percentage has fallen slightly from last
year, 44.1% expressed a desire to visit Japan.
As for reasons for their desire to visit the other country, the majority of both nationals responded
“visiting the sights and scenery of the country,” while over half of the Chinese respondents also
replied “shopping,” in line with last year’s trend.
【Do You Want to Visit Japan/China?】
【Japanese public opinion】
A 32.3% A 29.2%
B 67.4%
B 70.6%
C 0.3%
C 0.2%
2019(N=1000)
2018(N=1000)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
A Yes
B No
C No response
A 44.1% A 43.8%
B 53.5%
B 53.9%
C 2.4%
C 2.3%
2019(N=1597)
2018(N=1548)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
【Chinese public opinion】
20
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
7. Historical Issues Between Japan and China
Japan-China Relations and the Influence of Historical Issues
60% of the Japanese and nearly 90% of the Chinese continue to view historical issues as a large
obstacle to Japan-China relations. However, 35.7% of the Japanese and 39.8% of the Chinese
replied that historical issues, while still a large problem, have been “somewhat resolved.”
In terms of the influence of historical issues on Japan-China relations, among the Japanese, the
optimistic view that “historical issues will gradually be resolved as Japan-China relations develop”
and the pessimistic view that “it will be difficult to resolve historical issues regardless of the state of
Japan-China relations” contended with one another, both comprising nearly 30% of Japanese public
opinion.
Among the Chinese, the view that “Japan-China relations will not improve unless historical issues
are resolved” constituted the majority public opinion at 43.6%. However, nearly 40% of the Chinese
also expressed the optimistic view that “historical issues will gradually be resolved as Japan-China
relations develop.”
【Are Historical Issues an Obstacle to Japan-China Relations?】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
A 32.3%
A 23.5%
B 29.8%
B 35.7%
C 5.8%
C 8.0%
D 5.8%
D 6.4%
E 26.0%
E 26.1%
F 0.3%
F 0.3%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1000)
2019(N=1000)
A 46.8%
A 47.4%
B 43.3%
B 39.8%
C 7.0% C 9.0%
D 1.6% D 1.9% E 1.3% E 1.9% F 0.0% F 0.0%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1548)
2019(N=1597)A Most historical issues have not
been resolved and they are a
decisively large problem to
Japan-China relations
B Historical issues have been
somewhat resolved but are still a large
problem
C Historical issues are starting to be
resolved and are no longer a large
obstacle to Japan-China relations
D Historical issues are not a large
problem to begin with
E Not sure
F No response
21
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
【Historical Issues that Should be Resolved】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
29.4%
19.1%
27.9%
21.1%
9.1%
12.5%
8.3%
59.8%
26.7%
27.4%
37.0%
1.5%
4.9%
0.2%
36.6%
21.7%
32.0%
20.6%
7.1%
14.2%
6.6%
64.6%
30.9%
27.2%
38.8%
2.1%
4.3%
0.3%
0%20%40%60%80%
Japanese perception of itsinvasions of China
Depiction of history in Japanesetextbooks
Japan's lack of reparations forWWII, comfort women, etc.
Japan's perception of the NanjingMassacre
Remarks on China by Japanesepoliticians
Broadcasts on China by Japanesemedia
Japan's lack of apology forhistorical events
China's anti-Japan education andtextbooks
China's perception of the NanjingMassacre
Remarks on Japan by Chinesepoliticians
Broadcasts on Japan by Chinesemedia
Other
Not sure
No response2019 (N=592)
2018 (N=621)
60.0%
40.6%
40.0%
51.2%
34.2%
22.8%
25.5%
11.1%
13.1%
7.5%
4.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
62.2%
40.9%
44.3%
52.2%
37.7%
29.4%
26.5%
12.3%
13.7%
6.4%
2.7%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Japanese perception of itsinvasions of China
Depiction of history in Japanesetextbooks
Japan's lack of reparations forWWII, comfort women, forced…
Japan's perception of the NanjingMassacre
Remarks on China by Japanesepoliticians
Broadcasts on China by Japanesemedia
Japan's lack of apology forhistorical events
China's anti-Japan education andtextbooks
China's perception of the NanjingMassacre
Remarks on Japan by Chinesepoliticians
Broadcasts on Japan by Chinesemedia
Other
Not sure
No response2019 (N=1392)
2018 (N=1394)
22
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
【Influence of Historical Issues on Japan-China Relations】
A 22.0%
A 16.1%
B 29.3%
B 32.9%
C 28.9%
C 30.0%
D 19.7%
D 20.6%
E 0.1%
E 0.4%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1000)
2019(N=1000)
A 43.5%
A 43.6%
B 43.9%
B 38.0%
C 9.4%
C 15.4%
D 3.2%
D 2.6% E 0.1% E 0.3%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1548)
2019(N=1597)
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
A Japan-China relations will not
improve unless historical issues are
resolved
B Historical issues will gradually be
resolved as Japan-China relations
develop
C It will be difficult to resolve
historical issues regardless of the state
of Japan-China relations
D Not sure
E No response
23
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
8. Security in East Asia
Military Threat
Of those who perceive that certain countries pose a military threat to their country, 84.6% of the
Japanese continued to reply that “North Korea” poses the greatest military threat. Like last year, this
is followed by “China” and “Russia,” however, there has been a significant rise in the percentage of
those who view “South Korea” as a military threat – from 7.6% to 23.3%.
By contrast, a the largest 75.3% majority of Chinese respondents selected “Japan” as the greatest
military threat to their country, followed by the “United States,” which rose from 67.7% to 74.2%
this year. Only 10.3% of the Chinese feel that “North Korea” poses a military threat. At the same
time, there has also been an increase in Chinese respondents who feel that “Vietnam” and “Russia”
pose military threats. The greatest reason why the Chinese perceive Japan as a military threat is
attributed to “Japan’s attempt to encircle China ... in cooperation with the United States,” at 65.5%
of public opinion.
【Are There Certain Countries that Pose a Military Threat to Your Country? 】
A Yes
B No
C Not sure
D No response
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
A 74.7% A 72.4%
B 7.5% B 6.5%
C 17.7%
C 20.6%
D 0.1%
D 0.5%
2019(N=1000)
2018(N=1000)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
A 55.5%
A 68.7%
B 29.9%
B 21.6%
C 14.6% C 9.7% D
0.0% D
0.0%
2019(N=1597)
2018(N=1548)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
24
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
【Countries/ Regions That Pose a Military Threat】
57.8%
23.3%
84.6%
35.7%
1.1%
0.1%
7.1%
10.3%
0.1%
0.4%
0.0%
57.5%
7.6%
84.8%
34.0%
1.0%
0.1%
6.6%
13.0%
0.3%
0.1%
0.0%
0%20%40%60%80%100%
2019 (N=747)
2018 (N=724)
75.3%
11.5%
10.3%
16.4%
16.7%
16.7%
5.0%
74.2%
6.2%
0.0%
0.3%
79.4%
21.9%
8.4%
9.5%
16.2%
10.5%
4.4%
67.7%
10.2%
0.0%
0.3%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
2019 (N=886)
2018 (N=1064)
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
China/ Japan
South Korea
North Korea
Russia
India
The Middle East
The US
The EU
Other
No response
Vietnam
25
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
Possibility of Military Conflict between Japan and China Over Territorial Issues
In regards to the possibility of military conflict between Japan and China over the Senkaku/Diaoyu
Islands, 38.6% of the Japanese believe that it “will not occur,” up 5 points from last year. While
nearly half (48.3%) of the Chinese feel that it “will occur,” this percentage has fallen 8 points from
last year, and the view that it “will not occur” has risen from 26.6% to 34.3% this year.
【Will Military Conflict Occur Between Japan and China?】
A 10.5% A 11.9%
B 37.8% B
44.2%
C 34.3% C
26.6%
D 16.8%
D 17.1%
E 0.6% E 0.3%
2019(N=1597)
2018(N=1548)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
A 1.3% A 1.4%
B 21.5%
B 26.3%
C 38.6%
C 33.2%
D 38.5%
D 38.5%
E 0.1% E 0.6%
2019(N=1000)
2018(N=1000)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
A Will occur in the next
few years
B Will occur in the future
C Will not occur
D Not sure
E No response
26
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
【Solutions to Tensions Over Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
55.2%
60.1%
53.0%
20.9%
8.3%
5.2%
2.9%
0.0%
57.9%
61.7%
47.8%
26.2%
12.0%
7.5%
1.3%
0.0%
0% 20% 40% 60%
Japan should be made torecognize the existence of the
territorial disputes throughdiplomatic negotiation
China should take further andactual control of the territories in
order to protect them
Both countries should promptlystart negotiating towards a
peaceful agreement
Resolution should not be hurried,rather, arrangements should be
made to first prevent militaryconfrontations
The issue should be shelved forthe long-term, and both countries
should work on joint venturesinstead
It should be taken the InternationalCourt of Justice for a resolution
based on international law
Not sure
No response2019 (N=1597)
2018 (N=1548)
23.3%
41.0%
24.3%
7.2%
22.8%
19.4%
0.2%
26.2%
44.5%
20.0%
7.9%
24.1%
18.1%
0.3%
0%20%40%60%
Japan should take further andactual control of the territories toprotect them
Both countries should promptlystart negotiating towards apeaceful agreement
Resolution should not be hurried,rather, arrangements should bemade to prevent accidental militaryconfrontations
The issue should be shelved forthe long-term, and both countriesshould work on joint venturesinstead
It should be taken to theInternational Court of Justice for aresolution based on internationallaw
Not sure
No response2019 (N=1000)
2018 (N=1000)
27
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
Multilateral Framework for Security in Northeast Asia
50% of the Japanese and 65.7% of the Chinese feel the need for a multilateral framework for
discussing security in Northeast Asia.
In terms of nations that should participate in this multilateral framework, over 80% of the
Japanese feel that Japan, China and South Korea should participate. While 62% of the Japanese
selected the US, this percentage has fallen 13 points from last year. Among the Chinese, the US
and Japan were chosen by approximately 60% each.
【Need for a Multilateral Framework for Security in Northeast Asia】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
A Necessary
B Not necessary
C Not sure
D No response
A 65.7% A 59.7%
B 21.7%
B 19.9%
C 12.5%
C 20.2%
D 0.1%
D 0.2%
2019(N=1597)
2018(N=1548)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
A 50.0% A 42.8%
B 4.0%
B 4.9%
C 45.9%
C 51.7%
D 0.1% D 0.6%
2019(N=1000)
2018(N=1000)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
28
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
【Nations that Should Participate in the Multilateral Framework for Security in Northeast Asia】
【Japanese public opinion】
【Chinese public opinion】
91.2%
92.2%
80.0%
59.6%
62.0%
60.0%
26.6%
41.2%
31.0%
25.2%
3.8%
0.4%
91.4%
92.5%
80.1%
56.5%
75.2%
65.7%
22.9%
44.4%
33.4%
29.0%
3.5%
0.2%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Japan
China
South Korea
North Korea
The US
Russia
Mongolia
India
Indonesia
Australia
Other
No response
2019 (N=500)
2018 (N=428)
59.9%
85.3%
31.4%
26.0%
62.7%
41.3%
4.6%
6.7%
2.4%
3.8%
0.0%
1.1%
0.3%
69.2%
90.7%
39.7%
36.8%
65.4%
55.4%
5.2%
11.1%
4.5%
5.4%
0.0%
1.2%
0.0%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Japan
China
South Korea
North Korea
The US
Russia
Mongolia
India
Indonesia
Australia
Other
Not sure
No response
2019 (N=1050)
2018 (N=924)
29
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
Evaluating Diplomatic Efforts to Denuclearize the Korean Peninsula
In regards to the various diplomatic efforts taken towards the complete denuclearization of the
Korean Peninsula by the nations concerned, half of the Japanese (52.4%) believe that these efforts
are “insufficient.” Only 20% or so responded that “sufficient diplomatic efforts are being expended.”
By contrast, Chinese public opinion is situated on the exact opposite pole of the Japanese, with
74.4% evaluating diplomatic efforts as “sufficient” and only 13.2% stating that “diplomatic efforts
are insufficient.”
【Evaluation of diplomatic efforts expended towards the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
A 3.8%
B 18.5%
C 52.4%
D 24.9%
E 0.4%
2019 (N=1000)
A 21.0%
B 53.4%
C 13.2%
D 12.2%
E 0.2%
2019 (N=1597) A Sufficient diplomatic efforts
are being expended
B Relatively sufficient efforts
are being expended
C Diplomatic efforts are
insufficient
D Not sure
E No response
30
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
9. Economic Relations Between Japan and China
Economic Relations Between Japan and China
In terms of economic relations between Japan and China, the majority of the Japanese continue to
consider a win-win relationship to be difficult, following last year’s trend. On the other hand, over
60% of the Chinese believe that a win-win relationship can be established.
In terms of free trade and economic partnership frameworks that Japan and China should cooperate
on in the future, nearly 40% of the Chinese replied “Chinese participation in TPP11” and “early
realization of a Japan-China FTA.” Nearly 40% of the Chinese also selected “early realization of a
Japan-China-South Korea FTA,” however, this percentage has fallen 10 points from last year.
Cooperation on the “One Belt, One Road” initiative fell 15 points from last year to 29.2%, while
“quick conclusion of the RCEP” also fell 10 points. Meanwhile, among the Japanese, the most
outstanding response was “not sure,” at 63.8%. While 19.4% of the Japanese cite “Chinese
participation in TPP11” and 13.3% feel that a “quick conclusion of the RCEP” should be striven
towards, these percentages remain in the tens. At the same time, only 8.4% feel the need to strive
towards a “Japan-China-South Korea FTA,” down slightly from last year.
【Economic Relations】
【Japanese popular opinion】
【Chinese popular opinion】
Agree with A 9.9%
Relatively agree with A 16.8%
Relatively agree with B 22.6%
Agree with B 22.7%
Not sure 27.5%
No response 0.5%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
2019(N=1000)
Agree with A 27.4%
Relatively agree with A 33.4%
どちらかと
いえばB
15.2%
Agree with B 18.2%
Not sure 4.7%
No response 1.2%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
2019(N=1597)
A The two countries’ economies
complement one another, making it possible to build a win-win
relationship
B The two countries’ economies
compete with one another, making it impossible to build a win-win
relationship
31
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
【The Future of Economic Relations Between Japan and China】
【Japanese popular opinion】 【Chinese popular opinion】
A 7.2% A 5.9%
B 20.0% B 30.7%
C 30.4% C
24.0%
D 14.5% D
6.0%
E 2.3%
E 1.1%
F 25.4%
F 31.9%
G 0.2% G 0.4%
2019(N=1000)
2018(N=1000)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
A 12.9% A 12.4%
B 46.4% B
55.0%
C 23.4%
C 21.1%
D 7.1% D
4.4% E 4.1% E 2.0%
F 5.8% F 4.8% G 0.3% G 0.3%
2019(N=1597)
2018(N=1548)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
A Will greatly improve
B Will slightly improve
C Will not change
D Will slightly worsen
E Will greatly worsen
F Not sure
G No response
32
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
10. Issues on World Order and Trade
Free Trade, an Open Economic Order, Multilateralism and the WTO Reform
Approximately 70% of the Japanese and 80% of the Chinese feel that multilateralism, an open
economic order and rule-based free trade are “important” for the future of the global economy.
In terms of the WTO reform currently underway, 48.9% of the Japanese and 78.5% of the Chinese
support the reform. However, nearly half of the Japanese replied “not sure,” indicating that they
cannot decide whether to support it or not.
In terms of the future of the global economic order, 34.8% of the Japanese believe that a rule-based
“free and open” order, even if limited in certain aspects, will continue to be key. However, 26.2%
also expressed the pessimistic view that the “US-centered economic sphere and China-centered
economic sphere will come to oppose one another and divide the world in two.” Meanwhile 38.3%
replied “not sure.”
On the other hand, among the Chinese, over 70% of respondents believe that a rule-based free trade
system and free economic order will continue to develop or, even if partially limited, a “free and
open” system will continue to be key.
【Importance of rule-based free trade, open economic order and multilateralism】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
A 70.5%
B 2.0%
C 27.0%
D 0.5%
2019 (N=1000)
A 16.4%
B 65.2%
C 7.1%
D 0.9%
E 10.0%
F 0.3%
2019 (N=1597) A Important
B Unimportant
C Not sure
D No response
A Extremely important
B Important
C Relatively unimportant
D Completely
unimportant
E Not sure
F No response
33
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
【Support for the WTO Reform】
【Japanese popular opinion】 【Chinese popular opinion】
【The Future of Global Economic Order】
A 48.9%
A 39.7%
B 2.9%
B 3.9%
C 48.0%
C 56.3%
D 0.2% D 0.1%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2019(N=1000)
2018(N=1000)
A 78.5%
A 75.6%
B 7.1% B
11.4%
C 13.5%
C 12.5%
D 0.9% D 0.6%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2019(N=1597)
2018(N=1548)
9.8%
25.0%
26.2%
38.3%
0.7%
33.2%
40.1%
16.4%
10.2%
0.0%
Rule-based free trade system and free economic order willcontinue to develop
While free trade and openness will be partially limited, thecurrent open and free system will basically continue to exist
US-based economic sphere and China-based economicsphere will come to oppose one another and divide the
world in two
Not sure
No response
0% 20% 40%
Japanese public opinion,
2019(N=1000)
Chinese public opinion,
2019(N=1597)
A Support
B Do not support
C Not sure
D No response
34
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
Influence of US-China Trade War on Japan-China Relations
Tensions between the United States and China are currently intensifying in regards to trade and
digital technologies, and 50.2% of the Japanese are concerned that it will “adversely affect”
Japan-China relations. A 45.7% majority of the Chinese also express a concern over adverse effects
on the bilateral relationship. However, nearly 20% of the Chinese also believe that it will benefit the
relationship.
【Influence of the US-China Trade War on Japan-China Relations】
A 2.7%
B 50.2%
C 8.1%
D 38.2%
E 0.8%
2019 (N=1000)
A 17.8%
B 45.7%
C 26.2%
D 10.0%
E 0.3%
2019 (N=1597) A Will benefit the relationship
B Will adversely affect the
relationship
C Will have no influence on the
relationship
D Not sure
E No response
35
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
11. The Future of Japan and China and a Cooperative
Relationship in Asia
Most Important Values that East Asia Should Pursue
In terms of values that East Asia should pursue, 60% of the Japanese cite “peace” while nearly 40%
cite “cooperative development.” While showing a slight decrease from last year’s results, 40% of the
Chinese also responded “peace” and “cooperative development.” The two countries were thus in
agreement in terms of attaching the highest importance to these two values.
At the same time, compared to last year’s results, there has also been an increase in Chinese
respondents who view “fundamental human rights” and the “rule of law” as important.
【Most Important Values that East Asia Should Pursue】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
43.6%
42.5%
24.9%
21.0%
12.2%
11.1%
17.1%
14.8%
0.0%
0.8%
0.1%
53.2%
49.7%
25.7%
18.0%
14.0%
14.5%
11.0%
11.4%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
2019 (N=1597)
2018 (N=1548)
Rule of law
Peace
Cooperative development
Democracy
Fundamental human rights
Respect for diversity
Other
Not sure
No response
Freedom
59.4%
38.7%
9.9%
6.3%
17.6%
5.3%
18.4%
14.4%
0.1%
9.8%
0.4%
60.9%
36.4%
13.1%
5.1%
16.5%
4.1%
15.6%
15.3%
0.3%
10.4%
0.4%
0%20%40%60%80%
2019 (N=1000)
2018 (N=1000)
Equality
36
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
Strengthening Cooperative Relationship to Resolve Bilateral Issues and Challenges
in Asia
Regarding fields that Japan and China should strengthen cooperation on, 70.2% of the Japanese cite
“North Korean nuclear issue and denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula,” while 66.8% cite
“environmental issues like air and water pollution.” These were the two most prominent responses
among the Japanese, in line with last year’s results. Among the Chinese, the majority responded
“strengthen[ing] cooperative relationship regarding trade and investment,” such as the
Japan-China-South Korea and Japan-China FTAs and RCEP, at 28.4%. The “North Korean nuclear
issue and denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula” was almost on par at 28.2%, however, this
response has fallen 12 points from last year’s 40.4%. The most significant increase could be seen in
the percentage that cited “environmental issues like air and water pollution,” up 12 points to 20.6%
this year.
As for global issues of the highest concern, 56.1% of the Japanese and 39% of the Chinese selected
“environmental pollution and climate change.” At the same time, there was a relative increase in
Chinese respondents who expressed concern over “world poverty” and the “widening wealth gap,”
as compared to the Japanese.
【Strengthening Japan-China Cooperation in Order to Resolve Bilateral Issues and Issues Within
Asia】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
A 27.9%
A 27.7%
B 35.6%
B 35.7%
C 3.0% C 2.9% D 0.5% D 0.9%
E 8.3% E 8.0%
F 24.4%
F 24.4%
G 0.3% G 0.4%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2019(N=1000)
2018(N=1000)
A 27.7%
A 21.4%
B 41.6%
B 49.0%
C 7.6% C 9.9%
D 4.7% D 3.6%
E 14.2%
E 13.1%
F 4.1% F 2.8%
G 0.0% G 0.1%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2019(N=1597)
2018(N=1548)
A Agree
B Relatively agree
C Relatively disagree
D Disagree
E No interest
F Neither/ Not sure
G No response
37
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
【Bilateral Issues and Issues Within Asia that China and Japan Should Cooperate On】
【Japanese public opinion】
【Chinese public opinion】
70.2%
66.8%
40.6%
40.0%
28.8%
24.3%
23.9%
23.8%
23.3%
22.8%
22.4%
22.0%
18.4%
15.7%
14.5%
13.7%
10.1%
10.1%
1.6%
0.8%
0.3%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
North Korean nuclear issue and denuclearization of Korean Peninsula
Environmental issues like air and water pollution
Food safety
Establishing peaceful order in Northeast Asia
Protection of intellectual property
Peacebuilding on Korean Peninsula and North Korea's economic development
Increase private exchanges such as those between youth
Cooperation and exchange in military and security fields
Strengthen cooperation on trade and investment such as FTA and RCEP
Public health and disease measures
Resource development in the East China Sea
Renewable energy such as eco-friendly technologies and wind & solar power
Infrastructure development in other developing nations in Asia
Tourism
Founding East Asian Community and regional cooperation in East Asia
Safety issues regarding nuclear power
Further strengthen maritime and air liaison mechanism
Shrinking & aging population
Not sure
Other
No response
2019 (N=635)
28.4%
28.2%
26.5%
23.4%
22.1%
22.0%
20.6%
19.2%
14.1%
13.5%
11.6%
9.7%
9.4%
9.3%
8.6%
7.8%
6.8%
4.2%
0.8%
0.4%
0.0%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Strengthen cooperation on trade and investment such as FTA and RCEP
North Korean nuclear issue and denuclearization of Korean Peninsula
Renewable energy such as eco-friendly technologies and wind & solar power
Establishing peaceful order in Northeast Asia
Peacebuilding on Korean Peninsula and North Korea's economic development
Safety issues regarding nuclear power
Environmental issues like air and water pollution
Resource development in the East China Sea
Food safety
Increase private exchanges such as those between youth
Protection of intellectual property
Founding East Asian Community and regional cooperation in East Asia
Infrastructure development in other developing nations in Asia
Cooperation and exchange in military and security fields
Tourism
Public health and disease measures
Further strengthen maritime and air liaison mechanism
Shrinking & aging population
No response
Not sure
Other
2019 (N=1108)
38
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
【Global Issues of Special Concern】
14.9%
7.3% 10.1%
56.1%
21.8% 19.3% 19.8%
9.0% 5.2%
13.9%
1.4% 1.4% 3.5%
0.1%
4.7% 1.3%
24.2%
11.6% 10.3%
39.0%
23.9%
14.7% 12.5%
5.8%
15.7%
23.8%
5.3% 1.8% 4.2%
0.0% 0.4% 0.4% 0%
20%
40%
60%
World poverty
Epidem
ics/ Com
municable diseases
Refugee crisis
Environm
ental pollution and climate change
Wars &
conflict between nations
Terrorism
Proliferation of w
eapons of mass destruction
like nuclear arms
Cyber attacks
Influence of technological innovations & A
I
Widening w
ealth gap
Managem
ent of international finance
Tax issues such as tax evasion by
multinational enterprises
Future of free trade
Other
Not sure
No response
Japanese public opinion (N=1000)
Chinese public opinion (N=1597)
39
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
12. Changes in the Influence over the Next 10 Years
and Countries that Should Lead the World
Changes in the Influence of Various Countries in Asia Over the Next 10 Years
While approximately half of both countries’ nationals feel that the influence of Japan in Asia
over the next 10 years “will not change,” 31.7% of Chinese respondents predict that it “will
increase,” showing that, as compared to the Japanese (19.5%), a larger proportion of the Chinese
estimate Japan’s future influence at a higher level.
In terms of the influence of China within Asia, 60% of the Japanese and nearly 90% of the
Chinese believe that it “will increase.” The opinion that the influence of the US “will increase”
was at par with the opinion that it “will not change,” both at a little over 30% among Japanese
respondents. For the Chinese, the view that US influence “will not change” has increased from
last year to 46.9%.
As for South Korea, the view that its influence “will decrease” rose 18 points among the Japanese
to 39.1%, presenting a harsher view of South Korea’s influence.
【Changes in the Influence of Various Countries in Asia Over the Next 10 Years】
【Japanese public opinion】
A 19.5%
A 58.7%
A 36.2%
A 8.8%
A 15.5%
A 39.6%
B 46.1%
B 16.6%
B 37.0%
B 30.1%
B 46.0%
B 29.0%
C 17.0%
C 6.0%
C 8.7%
C 39.1%
C 10.1%
C 3.9%
D 16.3%
D 17.8%
D 17.0%
D 20.7%
D 27.2%
D 26.4%
E 1.1%
E 0.9%
E 1.1%
E 1.3%
E 1.2%
E 1.1%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
A. Japan
(N=1000)
B. China
(N=1000)
C. United States
(N=1000)
D. South Korea
(N=1000)
E. Russia
(N=1000)
F. India
(N=1000)
40
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
【Chinese public opinion】
A 31.7%
A 88.5%
A 34.4%
A 20.0%
A 44.3%
A 20.0%
B 54.7%
B 10.2%
B 46.9%
B 51.3%
B 39.1%
B 53.2%
C 11.7%
C 0.1%
C 16.2%
C 25.2%
C 12.2%
C 21.2%
D 1.9%
D 1.2%
D 2.5%
D 3.6%
D 4.4%
D 5.7%
E 0.0%
E 0.0%
E 0.0%
E 0.0%
E 0.0%
E 0.0%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
A. Japan
(N=1597)
B. China
(N=1597)
C. United States
(N=1597)
D. South Korea
(N=1597)
E. Russia
(N=1597)
F. India
(N=1597)
A Will increase B Will no change C Will decrease D Not sure E No response
41
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
12.5%
76.2%
2.6%
31.7%
22.9%
2.6%
3.3%
9.8%
2.8%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.1%
2.4%
0.1%
10.9%
73.7%
2.4%
30.6%
29.1%
3.5%
3.5%
10.7%
2.1%
0.4%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
2.1%
0.0%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
2019 (N=1597)
2018 (N=1548)
Countries and Regions that Should Lead the World
Approximately 60% of the Japanese believe that the “US” should continue as the world’s
leader. Meanwhile, approximately 70% of the Chinese believe that “China” should lead the
world.
【Countries and Regions that Should Lead the World】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
37.5%
13.8%
0.4%
57.1%
4.0%
3.9%
2.8%
13.1%
4.3%
2.9%
0.2%
0.6%
0.2%
23.5%
0.7%
35.3%
11.7%
0.7%
52.8%
5.9%
2.8%
2.3%
12.0%
5.1%
3.2%
0.5%
0.2%
0.0%
27.6%
0.5%
0%20%40%60%80%
2019 (N=1000)
2018 (N=1000)
Japan
China
South Korea
United States
Russia
United Kingdom
Germany
EU
ASEAN
India
Indonesia
Brazil
Other
Not sure
No response
42
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
13. Evaluation of Media Coverage and Public Opinion
on the Internet
Influence of Media on Japan-China Relations
84.6% of the Chinese believe that the media “contributes” to the improvement of Japan-China
relations and mutual understanding between the two countries’ people. On the other hand, only
26.9% of the Japanese see the media as contributory.
At the same time, a high 80.4% of the Chinese feel that domestic media is “objective and fair” in
regards to reports on Japan-China relations. On the other hand, only 14.9% of the Japanese feel that
domestic media reports are “objective and fair,” while 30.5% view domestic media as “not objective
or fair.”
【Influence of Media on Japan-China Relations】
【Japanese popular opinion】 【Chinese popular opinion】
A Contributes significantly
B Contributes slightly
C Does not contribute at all
D Contributes an adverse
effect
E Not sure
F No response
A 3.4% A 3.6%
B 26.8% B 23.3%
C 19.1% C 24.5%
D 9.0%
D 9.3%
E 41.4%
E 39.0%
F 0.3% F 0.3%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1000)
2019(N=1000)
A 17.1% A 14.8%
B 69.5% B 69.8%
C 8.0%
C 7.7%
D 0.7% D 1.7%
E 4.0% E 4.1% F 0.6% F 1.8%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1548)
2019(N=1597)
43
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
【Objectivity and Fairness of Domestic Media Reports】
35.0% 31.0% 31.2%
25.4% 23.4%
25.4%
26.8% 19.5%
20.2% 16.4%
16.4% 14.9%
26.0% 24.6%
28.0%
25.9% 23.9%
25.1%
30.5% 30.1% 26.4%
26.4%
30.9% 30.5%
72.3% 72.5%
61.8%
70.3%
64.4%
84.5%
73.9% 75.9%
71.3%
75.0%
80.6% 80.4%
7.1% 17.6%
29.3%
17.4%
21.6%
7.5%
13.3% 14.8%
20.2%
15.8% 11.3% 11.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Japanese public opinion (Media reports are objective and fair)Japanese public opinion (Media reports are not objective or fair)Chinese public opinion (Media reports are objective and fair)Chinese public opinion (Media reports are not objective or fair)
44
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
The Internet as a Reflection of the People’s Will
Among the Japanese, 36.1% believe that the internet does not adequately reflect the will of the
people, surpassing the 24.7% who believe that the internet does reflect public will. 40%, however,
replied “not sure.”
In comparison, 80.3% of the Chinese feel that the internet accurately reflects the people’s will,
although this percentage has decreased from last year’s 86.9%.
【The Internet as a Reflection of the People’s Will】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
A Accurate
B Relatively accurate
C Relatively inaccurate
D Inaccurate
E Not sure
F No response
A 2.2% A 2.6%
B 19.6% B 22.1%
C 20.8% C 21.8%
D 12.7% D
14.3%
E 44.4% E
39.1%
F 0.3% F 0.1%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1000)
2019(N=1000)
A 18.2% A 21.9%
B 68.7% B 58.4%
C 6.8%
C 8.3%
D 0.5% D 2.8%
E 5.2% E 6.1%
F 0.5% F 2.6%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1548)
2019(N=1597)
45
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
14. Background to Mutual Understanding
Degree of Interaction Among the People
Of the Chinese, 20.2% replied that they have visited Japan, showing an increase for the 8th
year in a
row. For both countries’ nationals, the reason for their visit was predominantly for “tourism.”
Among the Chinese, 97.5% replied that they have traveled to Japan “recently within the last 5
years.”
Regarding acquaintances in the respective countries, 19.5% of the Japanese and 8.1% of the Chinese
replied that they have acquaintances in the other country, with a slight increase in both percentages
from last year’s results.
【Prior Travel Experience to the Other Country】
14.4%
12.9%
13.5% 15.4% 14.5%
14.5%
13.4%
16.5%
14.7%
14.3%
15.1% 15.6%
13.8%
13.5%
14.4%
1.3% 1.2% 1.1% 0.4%
0.9% 0.6% 2.1%
1.6%
2.7%
6.4% 7.9%
13.5%
15.7%
18.6%
20.2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Japanese respondents with prior travel experience to China
Chinese respondents with prior travel experience to Japan
46
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
【Friends/Acquaintances from the Other Country】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
A I have close friends from
the other country
B I have acquaintances from
the other country that I can
sometimes talk to
C I don’t have (never have
had) any acquaintances from
the other country
D No response
A 3.7% A 4.1%
B 13.7% B 15.4%
C 82.4% C 80.3%
D 0.2% D 0.2%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1000)
2019(N=1000)
A 2.9% A 2.7% B 4.1% B 5.4%
C 91.1%
C 75.5%
D 1.9%
D 16.3%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2018(N=1548)
2019(N=1597)
47
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
Sources of Information
An overwhelming number of Japanese obtain their information on China from Japanese news media
sources and, like last year, television serves as an especially prominent source.
Among the Chinese, over 80% likewise obtain their information on Japan through Chinese news
media outlets. However, sources of information for the Chinese are diversifying, with many people
citing “Chinese TV shows, informational programs and movies” and “Chinese books,” as well as a
certain number also stating that they obtain information through outlets such as Japanese news
media. At the same time, nearly 40% obtain information through internet news sources on cell
phones, signifying a trend different from Japan, where this percentage is a mere 10.8%.
【Sources of Information on Japan-China Relations and Information on the Other Country】
【Japanese public opinion】 【Chinese public opinion】
2.9%
1.2%
94.1%
14.9%
29.7%
6.1%
0.4%
0.5%
0.1%
3.0%
10.6%
18.7%
1.1%
0.2%
2.7%
1.4%
95.7%
21.2%
33.2%
5.5%
0.1%
0.7%
0.2%
3.6%
9.6%
16.5%
0.5%
0.6%
0%20%40%60%80%100%
Conversations with Chinesepeople
Visits to China
Japanese news media
Japanese books (includingtextbooks)
Japanese TV shows, newsprograms and movies
Chinese news media
Chinese books
Chinese music
Chinese anime
Chinese TV shows, newsprograms and movies
Discussions by other Japanesepeople
Conversations with family &friends, internet and social media
Other
No response2019 (N=1000)
2018 (N=1000)
3.8%
3.9%
84.5%
35.9%
59.5%
14.5%
4.3%
5.4%
7.7%
16.5%
5.3%
16.9%
0.4%
0.1%
3.7%
4.7%
87.0%
28.9%
49.5%
11.0%
3.0%
5.4%
4.6%
9.7%
5.9%
23.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Conversations with Japanesepeople
Visits to Japan
Chinese news media
Chinese books (includingtextbooks)
Chinese TV shows, newsprograms and movies
Japanese news media
Japanese books
Japanese music
Japanese anime
Japanese TV shows, newsprograms and movies
Discussions by other Chinesepeople
Conversations with family &friends, internet and social media
Other
No response2019 (N=1597)
2018 (N=1548)
48
Copyright(c) 2019 The Genron NPO All Rights Reserved.
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