SAR & HAC SAR & HAC 규격동향규격동향

SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) 송신기로부터 인체에 흡수되는 단위질량 당 전자파의 양을 에너지로 표시한 것 .

단위는 watts per kilogram (W/kg).

Definition of SARDefinition of SAR

ICNIRP GuidelinesICNIRP Guidelines

국제비전리방사보호위원회 (ICNIRP) 가 전자파 인체노출 한계에 대한 Guideline 을 제시 2 W/kg (10g)

SAR LimitOccupational exposure limit

General public exposure limit

Whole Body 0.4 W/kg 0.08 W/kg

Partial Body (head & trunk)

10 W/kg 2 W/kg

Partial Body(limbs)

20 W/kg 4 W/kg

유럽과 일본 등은 2 W/kg (10g) 의 기준을 따르지만 미국과 캐나다 , 한국 등의 나라들은 1.6 W/kg (1g) 을 기준으로 함 .

1.6 W/kg (1g)

미국

한국

2 W/kg (10g)

유럽

일본

* 더 엄격한 기준임

SAR LimitsSAR Limits

CE SAR CriteriaCE SAR Criteria

Test Standard : EN50630 2001

Test Method : EN50361 2001

Test scope of SAR Evaluation

• Only Portable Device, Not Mobile Device• Head SAR Measurement only • Output power is more than 20mW • In case of Mobile Device applying a far field RF exposure calculation according to EN50385/ EN50383

FCC SAR CriteriaFCC SAR Criteria

Test Standard : 47CFR Part 2.1093

Test Method : OET Bulletin 65, Supplement C(July 2001)

Test scope of SAR Evaluation

• Transmitter use distance < 20cm from Body• Head and Body SAR Measurements • Use distance ≥ 20cm applying MPE calculation • SAR Evaluation Criteria 가 제품의 사양에 따라 다소 복잡함 .

FCC 에서는 KDB (Knowledge Data Base) 문서를 통해 Handset 과 laptop 등의 Multi-transmitter 적용방법을 Issue 함 .

Overview RF Exposure KDBsOverview RF Exposure KDBs

KDB 447498 Mobile and Portable Device RF Exposure Procedures and Equipment Authorization PoliciesGeneral SAR thresholds and conditionsSimultaneous-Tx(동시전송) 을 하지 않는 devices KDB 616217 or 648474에서 다루지 않는 Simultaneous-Tx(동시전송) 가능한 multi-Tx product 적용방법Laptops, tablets, body-worn, and hand-held devices 등

KDB 616217 SAR Evaluation Considerations for Laptop

Computers with Antennas Built-in on Display Screens

주파수 , 출력 , 안테나 거리에 따른 test reductions 정의 등 .

KDB 648474 SAR Evaluation Considerations for Handsets

with Multiple Transmitters and Antennas

DASY4 SYSTEM in KTLDASY4 SYSTEM in KTL

보청기사용자들은 무선전화기를 사용할 때 RF field 에 의한 Interference 등으로 불편을 호소

HAC는 무선기기와 보청기간의 호환성을 시험

HAC (Hearing Aid Compatibility) ?HAC (Hearing Aid Compatibility) ?

미국인구의 약 10% 가 청력에 문제가 있으며 그 중 약 80% 가 보청기를 사용함

전세계적으로 약 5 억 명이 청력장애를 앓고 있음

2003 년 7 월 FCC 는 무선기기 제조사와 사업자에게 보청기 와 호환성을 갖는 단말기를 소비자에 공급하게 하는 rule 을 채택

BackgroundsBackgrounds

1996년 ANSI C63은 SC8 (medical devices) 아래 Task Group을 결성함

ANSI C63.19-2001 의 Standard가 완성되어 현재 2007 Version까지 발행

800 ~ 3000 MHz 범위의 무선단말기와 보청기에 적용 되는 기준

무선단말기의 RF-Emission, T-coil mode와 보청기의 RF Immunity 시험에 적용

ANCI C63.19ANCI C63.19

구 분구 분 2006 Version2006 Version 2007 Version2007 Version

RF Emission RF Emission 측정거리측정거리 단말기로부터 단말기로부터 1cm1cm 단말기로부터 단말기로부터 1.5cm1.5cm

T-coil T-coil Rating Rating T Rating CategoryT Rating Category 의 의 LevelLevel 이 변경 이 변경 됨됨 ..

ANCI C63.19 2007 ANCI C63.19 2007

2007 Version 주요 변경사항

2006, 2007 Version 을 2009 년 까지 모두 적용이 가능2010 년부터는 2007 Version 만을 적용해야 함 .

Operation of Wireless Device and Hearing Operation of Wireless Device and Hearing AidAid

Organization and use of ANSI C63.19Organization and use of ANSI C63.19

RF E-field Emission, RF H-field Emission Measurement

RF Emissions TestRF Emissions Test

RF E & H field Emission Measurement of WDRF E & H field Emission Measurement of WD

Example E-field Scan

The Grid is 5X5 area that is divided into 9 evenly sized blocks or sub-grids.

RF E & H field Emission Measurement of WDRF E & H field Emission Measurement of WD

M-Rating Determination

Multiply the peak emissions values by an appropriate probe modulation factor.

For GSM signal,Crest Factor = 26frames X 8times-slots =8.3 25frames used For ideal) Probe Modulation Factor =√ Crest Factor = 2.88Peak Field Intensity = 20 · log ( Raw X PMF)

RF E & H field Emission Measurement of WDRF E & H field Emission Measurement of WD

M Rating Determination : M3, M4 가 PASS

AWF shall be used for the standard transmission protocols

Articulation Weighting Factor (AWF)

T-coil signal TestT-coil signal Test

Three quantities are measured and evaluated.

1. Field intensity of desired signal at the center of the audio band.

2. Frequency response of the desired signal measured across the audio band.

3. Signal quality, which is defined as the difference between

the desired and undesired magnetic field levels.

T-coil Measurement setup in call modeT-coil Measurement setup in call mode

T-coil Measurement setup in call modeT-coil Measurement setup in call mode

AMMI

PC

Base Station Simulator

AMCCWD

AM 1D Probe

T-coil PerformanceT-coil Performance

Axial and Radial Field Intensity

All Orientations of the magnetic field, in the axial, horizontal and Vertical position along the measurement plane Shall be ≥ -18 dB (A/m) at 1KHz, in 1/3 octave band filter.

Frequency Response

Signal quality

T-coil PerformanceT-coil Performance

Frequency response

Magnetic field frequency response for WDs with a field between ≤ -15dB (A/m) at 1 kHz

T-coil PerformanceT-coil Performance

Frequency response

Magnetic field frequency response for WDs with a field that exceeds -15dB (A/m) at 1 kHz

T-coil PerformanceT-coil Performance

Signal quality

Hearing Aid compatibilityHearing Aid compatibility

System performance classification table

FCC Requirement for Manufacturers & FCC Requirement for Manufacturers & Service providersService providers

2008 년 Manufacturer requirements M3 이상의 레벨을 최소 1/3 이상의 모델에 적용 T3 이상의 레벨을 최소 두 모델 이상의 단말기에 적용 2009 년 2 월부터 50% 의 모델에 M3 이상을 요구하며 매년 기준을 강화

2008 년 Service provider requirements M3 이상의 레벨을 최소 50% 또는 8 대 이상의 단말기에 적용 T3 이상의 레벨을 최소 1/3 이상의 모델에 적용 2009 년 2 월부터 매년 기준을 강화

각 통신방식 (CDMA, GSM) 에 따로 적용함

No differences in form, features, or user capabilities, or that only differentiate particular carrier ► Not counted as distinct models

Change in the hearing aid compatibility rating ► give a new model name/number

Definition of a ModelDefinition of a Model

Change in M or T rating ► “form, features of capabilities.” in change

2007 ANSI C63.19 establishes standards only for certain air interfaces in the 800-950 MHz and 1.6-2.5 GHz bands

Testing cannot be performed, and no rules currently apply, outside these bands/interfaces

Bands and Modes without StandardsBands and Modes without Standards

FCC adopted streamlined process for adopting future

expansions of Standard

handsets must meet standards in all frequency bands, all air interfaces. Technical standards exists

No multi-band/multi-mode phones without standards currently exist. Except for Wi-Fi

Multi-Band/Multi-Mode PhonesMulti-Band/Multi-Mode Phones

Multi-band/multi-mode phones with Wi-Fi voice capability ► Be counted as Hearing aid-compatible under FCC rules ► Labeling must disclose that handset is not rated for Wi-Fi operation

ANSI ASC C63 consider new technologies & deciding what rules to establish going forward

Q&AQ&A

Thank-you!