Download pdf - pengantar-METABOLISME UMUM

8/10/2019 pengantar-METABOLISME UMUM

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Metabolisme


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Metabolisme

Definisi: rangkaian reaksi-reaksi kimia

dalam sel yang terjadi secara

continue dan saling berhubungansatu dengan yang lain Anabolisme

Katabolisme Ampibolic


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Overview Metabolisme


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Metabolisme

Bahan bakar tubuh : carbohydrates, fats, dan proteins

( makromolekul)

Energi : oxidasi :CO2and H2O.

Cadangan dalam tubuh : triacylglycerol (fat), glycogen(carbohydrate)

Penurunan atau penambahan BB normal: Energi

dipakai Energi tersedia

insulin dan glucagon; regulator pemakaian danpenyimpanan bahan cadangan

Karbohidrat utama dalam darah : glukosa : regulator

insulin dan glukagon dalam darah


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Puasa

Puasa : hypoglisemia , memicu pamkreas agar

glukagon disekresi

Glucagon: cadangan carbohydrat

membebaskan glucose ke sirkulasi ( brain) Puasa lebih 3 : ketone bodies (derived from fat)

as an alternative fuel supply for the brain.


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Anabolisme

Biosintesis senyawa biomolekul (glikogen,protein, trigliserida)

Butuh Energi (endergonic).

ATP: ADP + Pi (ATP-ADP cycle)

Misal Glikogenesis

Glukoneogenesis

Biosintesa asam lemak

Biosintesa protein


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Katabolisme

Pemecahan molekul besar : molekulkecil (glukosa, asetil KoA, Asam amino)CO2 dan Energi (ATP)

CO2 : sirkulasi ATP : dibebaskan setelah elektron

ditransfer ke O2

Mis:

Glikolisis Glikogenolisis

Oksidasi asam lemak


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Amphibolic

Anabolisme dan Katabolisme: terjadi dalamsatu proses metabolism

Siklus Kreb

Biosintesis heme, glukosa, asam lemak

Katabolisme: sitrat, ketoglutarat


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Energi

Oxidation of fuels to generate ATP is called respirat ion

Electrons lost from the fuels during oxidative reactions :

transferred to O2by a series of proteins in the electron

transp ort chain

Energy of electron transfer : used to convert ADP and Pito

ATP by a process known as oxidative phosphorylation

Satuan Energi :

Calori kilocalorie

kilojoules (kJ)


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The ATP-ADP cycle


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Generation of ATP


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approximate order in which the processes occur. TG = triacylglycerols; FA

= fatty acid; AA = amino acid; RBC = red blood cell; VLDL = very low

density lipoprotein; I= insulin; % = stimulated by.


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Metabolisme KH, Fat AA

TAG = triacylglycerol


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Overview Metabolisme KH


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Overview of fatty acid metabolism


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Overview of amino acid metabolism


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Transport and fate of major carbohydrate and

amino acid substrates and metabolites


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Transport and fate of major lipid substrates and metabolites

FFA, free fatty acids; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; MG, monoacylglycerol;

TG, triacylglycerol; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein.


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Intracellular location and overview of major metabolic pathways