Paraxial and Intermediate Mesoderm• Formation of Somites• Muscle and bone formation• Intermediate mesoderm: Kidney formation

Trunk Mesoderm

Mesoderm fate during Gastrulation/Neurulation

Somite Formation• Periodicity• Fissure formation• Epithelialization• specification

Somite Formation: Periodicity• Notch and Wnt Signaling pathways• In chick embryos, new somite every 90 min.

Somite Formation: Periodicity

Somite Formation: Notch Signaling

Somite Formation: Notch Signaling

Somite Formation: Separation

Epithelialization of Somites• Ectodermal Signal: MET• Cdc42 downregulated; N-cadherin upregulated

Somite specification

Somite Differentiation

Somite Differentiation

Specification Patterning of Somites

Building muscle

Building Bone• Neural Crest Cells- Intramembranous ossification• Endochondrial ossification

Vertebrae Formation

Dorsal Aorta Formation

The Syndetome: Tendon Formation

Intermediate Mesoderm: Kidney Formation

Kidney Formation• Induction between Paraxial and Intermediate Mesoderm.

Kidney Formation: Reciprocal Induction

GDNF and Kidney formation

Who else? Wnt!

Development of Bladder and ducts