Albright News“Our Future is in Our Past”

MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT

I am pleased to report that the Albright Institute continues its 108-yeartradition of success.

True, these are difficult days. The global financial crisis has reached an extentthat may equal the Great Depression. Individuals, families, and institutions have allbeen forced to lower expenses and expectations. The Albright Institute has notescaped this tumult. Depending as we do on private support, our financial situation,like that of our peers, remains delicate.

Nonetheless, I am honored to point out that the Albright Institute continuesto thrive thanks to the dedication of our staff, trustees, fellows, and alumni. In thisregard I would especially highlight the dedication of our staff. As I interacted withthem during my week-long visit last spring, I was honestly touched by their sincerecommitment to the Albright's people and programs. They view their work at theInstitute not merely as a job, but as an important part of their lives. Their dedicationand professionalism is inspiring. We are fortunate to have them, and I hope that allof you will have the opportunity of seeing them in action in the near future.

The Albright’s success shines clearly in two additional ways. First, ourfellowship program is flourishing. The number of applications continues to rise, anunmistakable sign of our program's professional prestige. Moreover, the educationalcomponent of the program remains unparalleled. Second, the renovations of ourfacility are now well underway, and the results are impressive. In just the first stageof the renovations, we have transformed the Wright Lab, the Dining and Commonrooms, and the Garden Apartment. Beyond simply modernizing these structures, wehave made a commitment to the future that will benefit everyone residing in orvisiting the Albright for many years to come.

We have every good reason to take great pride in the Albright, its people and programs. So, although we continueto face daunting financial issues, with your continued support I am confident that the Albright will maintain its

distinguished place as one of North America’s premieroverseas research institutes.

J. Edward Wright

The W. F. Albright Institute ofArchaeological Researchfounded in 1900, is a non-profit, scientific and educational organization, affiliated with the American Schoolsof Oriental Research.

J. Edward Wright, PresidentJoan R. Branham, Vice-PresidentJ.P. Dessel, TreasurerWilliam M. Schniedewind, SecretarySy Gitin, Director

Albright NewsLydie T. Shufro, Editor

Albright News is published by theW. F. Albright Institute ofArchaeological Research (AIAR)P. O. Box 1909691190 Jerusalem, IsraelTel: (972-2) 628-8956Fax: (972-2) 626-4424director@albright.org.il

United States Office:Sam Cardillo, ComptrollerAlbright Institute P. O. Box 40151Philadelphia, PA 19106Tel: 215-238-1540cardillo@sas.upenn.edu

www.aiar.org©2008 The Albright Institute

Number 13 October 2008

Trude Dothan Lectureship in Ancient Near Eastern Studies –James P. Allen, Wilbour Professor of Egyptology at BrownUniversity, gave one of his three lectures at the Ecole Bibliqueunder the auspices of Al-Quds University. His topic there was“The Advent of Ancient Egyptian Literature.” left to right: S. Gitin, Albright Director, Trude Dothan, Professor Emerita,Hebrew University, Professor James P. Allen, Salah Houdalieh, Director,Archaeology Institute, Al-Quds University.

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Norma Dever, Albright Trustee and member of the Institute’s Facility Committee,checks on the progress of the renovation of the G. Ernest Wright Lab.

Common Room

Newly renovated G. Ernest Wright Lab. Dining Room

RENOVATION PROJECT UPDATE

Phase 1 of the Albright’s major renovation projectwas completed this summer. The G. Ernest WrightLab, previously used as a pottery storage andarchaeological work area, was gutted and a stone facadewith a new entrance and windows replaced the previousmetal, wood and glass front. The interior was totallyrebuilt, creating two separate rooms with individual air-conditioning and heating units, and toilet andkitchenette facilities. An insulated ceramic tile roof anddouble-pane windows and screens, ceramic tilingreplacing the cement floors, new electrical wiring,plumbing and lighting fixtures were installed as well astelephone and computer outlets. The G. Ernest WrightLab now houses two archaeological publication officeswhich had previously been located in the hostel in themain building. The vacated space will provide space fortwo new hostel rooms.

Double-pane windows with screens, acousticalceilings, new lighting fixtures, air-conditioning andheating units were installed in the common and dining

rooms, and new window curtains were hung in bothrooms. In the common room, which is used also forworkshops and lectures, a drop down screen, amplifierand speakers were installed. This part of the work wasfunded by the portion of the NEH Two-Million-DollarChallenge Grant earmarked for the renovation andendowment of the Joy Gottesman Ungerleider Hostel,as well as the renovation of other buildings on theAlbright campus. Contributions to the 2007 AlbrightAnnual Alumni and Friends Campaign, and eligible forNEH matching funds, helped pay for the commonroom renovation, and gifts to the G. Ernest WrightMemorial Fund, also eligible for the NEH match, wereused for the renovation of the lab. Other work, not partof Phase 1, included the renovation of the kitchen andbathroom in the Garden Apartment withsupplementary funds provided by a private source. TheMiqne lab was transformed into an extension of thelibrary which, with the installation of “Compactus”shelving, now provides shelf space for an additional17,000 volumes. This last project was funded by agenerous grant form the Packard Humanities Trust.

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NEWS FROM JERUSALEM

In 2007-2008, the Albright’s fellowship program welcomed62 Fellows from North America, Bulgaria, England, Germany,Italy, Poland, South Africa, and Russia, as well as from Israel andthe Palestinian Authority. The new Glassman Holland ResearchFellowship for European scholars in the Humanities generated animpressive list of applicants from Armenia, Bulgaria, France,Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia, and the Ukraine. Thefirst recipient was Dr. VLADIMIR DORONICHEV of St.Petersburg, Russia, whose project was “A Comparative Analysis ofthe Lower Paleolithic Assemblages in the Caucasus and theLevant.” A new fellowship, the Getty Research ExchangeFellowship for the Mediterranean Basin and Middle East wasestablished by the Council of American Overseas Research Centers(CAORC). This fellowship is open to scholars who are Israelicitizens and have already obtained a Ph.D., or have professionalexperience in the study or preservation of cultural heritage, andwho wish to undertake a specific research project at one of theAmerican overseas research centers in Rome, Amman, Rabat,Tunis, Cairo, Istanbul, Ankara, Athens or Nicosia. The GettyFellowship is also available at the Albright Institute for qualifiednationals from countries other than Israel in the MediterraneanBasin, which have American centers affiliated with CAORC.

The Albright’s fellowship program continued to attract alarge number of applications –112 for 16 stipended Fellowshipswith a total award of $265,000.This is in part due to the creativework of JOAN BRANHAM,Albright Vice-President andChairperson of the FellowshipCommittee. Dr. Branham hasstream-lined the fellowshipapplication process, putting it online, thereby making the entireprocess easier and more efficient.

The main highlights of the85-event program were theAnnual Trude Dothan Lectureshipand the ASOR Exchange Lecture

Program. The lecturer of the seventh Annual Trude DothanLectureship in Ancient Near Eastern Studies, endowed by theDorot Foundation, was Dr. JAMES P. ALLEN, WilbourProfessor of Egyptology at Brown University. He gave threepresentations: “The Advent of Ancient Egyptian Literature”under the auspices of Al-Quds University at the École Biblique,“The Recently-Discovered Historical Inscription ofKhnumhotep at Dahshur” at the Hebrew University and“Tutankhamun’s Father” at the Albright Institute. ProfessorAllen’s lecture on the inscription from Dahshur will appear inthe next issue of the Bulletin of the American Schools of OrientalResearch. The lecture series was a huge success, with more than600 participants from the local and foreign academiccommunities attending the lectures, as well as the receptions,luncheons and dinners in honor of Professor Allen.

In the third of the series of the ASOR Exchange LectureProgram in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin, Dr. BARBARAPORTER, Director of the American Center of OrientalResearch (ACOR) gave a presentation at the Albright on“ACOR’s Petra Church Excavations” to a large crowd of Israelis,

Palestinians and members of the foreign archaeologicalcommunity. In February, the Albright Director, S. GITIN gavethe exchange lecture at ACOR on “Ekron of the Philistines:From Sea Peoples to Olive Oil Industrialists.” A large group ofJordanians, Palestinians and foreign academics as well as theIsraeli and Australian ambassadors to Jordan attended thelecture. Special thanks go to P.E. MACALLISTER, Chairmanof the ASOR Board of Trustees for funding the ASOR ExchangeLecture Program and to CAORC and its Executive Director,MARY ELLEN LANE for their support.

An opening reception for the Appointees, hosted by theDirector and his wife at their home, launched the 2007-08academic program. During the first semester reports werepresented by TALI ERICKSON-GINI, Southern NegevRegional Inspector, Israel Antiquities Authority, who gave anexcellent “Re-Assessment of Rudolph Cohen’s Excavations atKhirbet Moyat `Awad (Mo’a) in Light of Recent Research,”and by AMIHAI MAZAR, Professor of Archaeology at theHebrew University of Jerusalem who spoke on “Recent

Albright Vice-President and Chairof the Fellowship Committee, Joan

Branham of Providence College,Providence, Rhode Island, meets atthe Institute with Director, S. Gitin.

Students and faculty from the Department of Archaeology at Al-QudsUniversity attend the Trude Dothan Lecture in Ancient Near Eastern Studies

given by Professor James P. Allen at the Ecole Biblique. Back row center, l-r – next to Professor Allen, Professors Salah Houdalieh,

Marwan Abu Khalaf, Hani Nur el-Din and Ibrahim Abu-Ammar.

Opening Reception for Albright Appointees at the home of Cherie and Sy Gitin.

In the background l-r: Haskel Greenfield, Daniel Santimore, Florence and Eliot Braun,Dieter Vieweger, Yuri Stoyanov, Alex Zukerman, Robert Darby, Alison Schofield,

Avner Halpern; (in the foreground) Cherie Gitin, Munira Said, Pat Neu.

l-r: Malka Hershkovitz, Florence Braun, Dieter Vieweger, Robert Schick, Eliot Braun and Yuri Stoyanov.

Continued on page 4 – News from Jerusalem

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understanding the function of pillar figurines in an Iron Agecontext; by ANDREW DAVIS, Samuel H. Kress Fellow whopresented a detailed account of “The Construction of SacredSpace at Tel Dan in the Iron Age” which related materialculture finds to architectural features within a cultic context; byVLADIMIR DORONICHEV, Glassman Holland ResearchFellow who gave a “A Comparative Analysis of the LowerPaleolithic Assemblages in the Caucasus and the Levant” andopened up new avenues of research for understanding therelationship between south-eastern Europe and the Levant inprehistoric times; by LINDA MEIBERG, Samuel H. KressFellow whose presentation on “Figural Motifs on PhilistinePottery and their Connections to the Aegean World” pointedto the existence of workshops for specific figural motifs in theAegean world; by ROBERT DARBY, Educational and CulturalAffairs Fellow whose presentation “Bathing on the Edge ofEmpire: An Architectural and Social Study of TetrarchicMilitary Baths in Judea, Palaestina, and Arabia” laid the basisfor understanding the function of military baths within theframework of the periphery of the Roman Empire; and by YORKEROWAN, Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow on “Crossingthe Nile and Tracing Chalcolithic Interaction Spheres andCommunication” which brought a new understanding to culturalconnections between Egypt and the Levant in the Fourth

Millennium BCE. Appointees’ Evenings with

Guest Scholars included thosewith BARBARA PORTER,Director of ACOR, andCLINTON BAILEY, ResearchFellow of the Truman Instituteof the Hebrew University.

During the second semester, field trips were led to the Cityof David Excavations, the ancient water tunnels of Jerusalem,the Western Wall tunnel, the Old City of Jerusalem; theCarmel caves, Achziv, Acco, Megiddo, Tell Keisan, theAshdod Museum, Qumran, Gezer, Lachish and BethShemesh.

Continued from page 3 – News from Jerusalem

Excavations at Tel Rehov,” which featured a fascinating accountof the first beehive colony from the Biblical period found at TelRehov in the Beth-Shean Valley. AVRAHAM FAUST, SeniorLecturer at Bar-Ilan University conducted a provocative seminaron “Pots and People Revisited: Israelites, Philistines, andCanaanites in the Iron Age I.” TRUDE DOTHAN, ProfessorEmerita at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and AIAR SeniorFellow delivered a stimulating lecture on “Deir el-Balah: GazaSand Yields Lost Outpost of the Egyptian Empire.” In the first ofthe series of evenings with Guest Scholars, DAVID GRAF,Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Miami in CoralGables, Florida gave an exciting account of the background andplanning for his new excavation project in Saudi Arabia at the siteof Jurash. Fellows took part in a series of field trips to Ashkelon,the Jerusalem Archaeological Park, Hazor and Tel Dan, RamatRahel, Arad, Tel Sheva and Aroer. A special luncheon was held tohonor one of the Albright’s staff members, NAWAL IBTISAMRSHEID on her 60th birthday, and to mark 15 years of heremployment at the Albright.

The second semester featured workshops by HASKELGREENFIELD, Annual Professor who gave a detailedpresentation on “The Spread of Metallurgy: Cut MarkAnalysis on Animal Bones”; by TEODOZJA RZEUSKA,Andrew W. Mellon Fellow who presented a broad account of“Levantine Pottery from the Late Old Kingdom Necropolisin West Saqqara and from the Middle Kingdom Settlementon Elephantine Island – Egypt”; by IVAN BILIARSKY,Andrew W. Mellon Fellow who explored the ramifications of“The Old Testament in the Building of the State’s Identity inthe Slavic-Orthodox and the Ethiopian Tradition”; byCHRISTINE THOMPSON, National Endowment for theHumanities Fellow on “Silver in the Age of Iron andOrientalizing Economics of Archaic Greece” which examinedthe use of silver as a monetary unit and its impact on Greece inthe 7th century; by ISAAC KALIMI, National Endowment forthe Humanities Fellow on “History, Historical Writing, andEvaluation in Chronicles” which included an in-depthtreatment of the historical value of biblical texts; by ERINKUHNS, Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow who spokeabout “Interpreting Judean Pillar Figurines and IsraeliteReligion in Light of Archaeological Data, AnthropologicalTheory, and Gender Analysis” which explored new ways of

Nawal Ibtisam Rsheid, a member of the Kitchen and Housekeeping Staffcelebrates her 60th birthday at the Albright. Background l-r: Tom and Pat Neu,

Christine Thompson, Haskel Greenfield. Clinton Bailey

Appointees’ Evening with Guest Scholar, Barbara Porter. l-r: Erin Kuhns,Hamed Salem, Barbara Porter, S. Gitin, Trude Dothan, Herb Krosney, Andrew Davis.

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The Albright Director served as a consultant to a group ofBritish academics, including JONATHAN TUBB and SAMMOOREHEAD of the British Museum, and MAHMOUDHAWARI of Oxford University, who are advising BirzeitUniversity’s Development Committee on the re-establishmentof the Department of Archaeology at the university. TheAlbright staff continues to assist faculty and students of Al-Quds University in obtaining permits to enter Jerusalem inorder to participate in Albright programs as well as to use theInstitute’s library for their research.

The Albright continued with its annual internshipprogram for students from the Hebrew University’s RothbergSchool for Overseas Students who assist Albright Fellows withtheir projects for university credit. Two interns from Tulane andIndiana Universities worked with Albright Annual ProfessorHASKEL GREENFIELD of the University of Manitoba on hisproject involving cut mark analysis on animal bones; andanother Hebrew University student from Oberlin Collegeworked with Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow ERINKUHNS of Duke University on issues related to her project onJudean Pillar Figurines.

Foreign Outreach: During a visit to Amman, the AlbrightDirector met with the Directors of the British School, BILLFINLAYSON, and of ACOR, BARBARA PORTER, to discussfurther cooperation in updating the library computer catalogueprogram used by both schools. While in Amman, the AlbrightDirector also met with the Director-General of theDepartment of Antiquities of Jordan, Dr. FAWWAZ AL-KHRAYSHEH to arrange for a member of his staff to speak onthe Archaeology of Jordan at the Albright, as well as to helporganize a study tour of archaeological sites in Jordan forAlbright Fellows.

Through CAORC, the Getty Foundation funded aworkshop on “Cultural Heritage: Resources, Research, andMethods” held in Istanbul in September. The Albright Directorrecommended two Israeli candidates to attend the workshop:Dr. GIDEON AVNI, Assistant to the Director of the IsraelAntiquities Authority, who is in charge of licensing excavationsin Israel and overseeing the preservation of sites, and Ms. RAVITLINN, a lecturer from Haifa University who has a special interestin conservation attended the workshop. In addition to the twoIsraelis attending this workshop were representatives fromAfghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, Greece, Iraq, Italy, Jordan,Morocco, Palestine, Tunisia, Turkey and Yemen. One of themain advantages of the workshop was that the two Israeli

Continued from page 4 – News from Jerusalem

The response to the Albright program has been greaterthan in previous years. The Thursday afternoon workshop,lecture, seminar and report series averaged 45 Fellows andguests present at each session.

Library. The Local Archives and Libraries SurveyProject (LALORC), organized and funded through the Councilof American Overseas Research Centers (CAORC), has enteredits second phase. The purpose of this project is to conduct an in-depth survey of libraries and archives in Jerusalem, the results ofwhich will be shared through the web with students and scholarsthroughout the world, thereby acquainting them withbibliographic resources in the humanities and historical archiveslocated in Jerusalem, not available elsewhere. The Albright iscoordinating the project with Dr. PHILIP MATTAR, Directorof the Palestinian American Research Center (PARC) inRamallah, and with the Survey of Historical Archives andLibraries of Jerusalem Project of the Institute of HistoricalResearch, University of London.

Cross the Border Cooperation through LibraryComputerization: the American and British Schools ofArchaeology in Jerusalem, Israel and Amman, Jordan havejoined together to upgrade their library computer systems. TheAlbright’s library computer consultant, AVNER HALPERN,who was responsible for installing the Liberty3 LibraryComputer Program at the Albright, the Kenyon Institute inJerusalem, the American Center of Oriental Research (ACOR)and the Council of British Research in the Levant/BritishInstitute of Archaeology in Amman, was sponsored by the fourschools to attend a training course for the newly upgradedLiberty4 Library Computer Program in Oxfordshire, England.This new program provides a flexible use of multiple scripts(languages) and a completely revised MARC editor, whichsupports a more advanced and user-friendly interface.

Local Outreach: Annual Professor HASKELGREENFIELD of the University of Manitoba gave severallectures on his research at the Hebrew University’s Institute ofArchaeology on “Secondary Products Revolution in the OldWorld: A Zooarchaeological Perspective from South-easternEurope” at Al-Quds University in Abu-Dis, Jerusalem on“The Origins and Spread of Metallurgy in the Southern Levant:A Zooarchaeological Perspective,” and on “AmericanAnthropology and its Four Subfields” at Bar-Ilan University’sStudy of the Land of Israel Department on “The SecondaryProducts Revolution in the Old World: A ZooarchaeologicalPerspective from the Balkans.” National Endowment for theHumanities Fellow CHRISTINE THOMPSON spoke abouther research on “The Inflected and Heroic Economies of theEast Mediterranean Basin c. 1050-800 BCE” at Bar-IlanUniversity this winter. The Director lectured on the excavationsat Ekron, and gave presentations at the Institute on currentissues in archaeology and on the contribution of Americans tothe Archaeology of Ancient Israel to 50 Israeli and Palestiniantour guides in training, a program sponsored by the Ministry ofTourism. He also gave similar presentations to a group ofArchaeological Tours participants, led by Trustee LINDAFEINSTONE; to a group of Catholic seminarians from Maineled by former Fellow PAUL FITZPATRICK; to seven othersmaller groups led by Trustees, former Fellows and otheracademics from the United States and to a group of graduatestudents from the Hebrew University.

Continued on page 8 – News from Jerusalem

Palestinian and Israeli government tour guide candidates attend a lecture on Ekron of the Philistines at the Albright Institute.

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Dome of the Rockl-r: Back row: guest, Daniel Santimore, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Robert Darby,

Isaac Kalimi, Andrew Davis, three guests from the Boston Marianist Communityand local resident, John Walton Burnight, Paul Fitzpatrick; Middle row: Susannah

Fishman, Chloe Massey, Linda Meiberg, Tina Greenfield, Liza Morehead,Christine Thompson; Front row: Chana Kalimi, Elnathan Mordechai Kalimi,

Khader Salameh.

Jerusalem Wall Tunnell-r: Back row: Robert Darby, Third row: Andrew Davis, Tina Greenfield, Haskel Greenfield, Ivan Biliarsky; Second row: Yuri Stoyanov, Dan Bahat,

Chloe Massey, Isaac Kalimi; Front row: Lubov Golovanova, Vladimir Doronichev, Teodozja Izabela Rzeuska, Barbara Porter.

Qumranl-r: Back row: guest from the Ecole Biblique, Chloe Massey, Sandra Rosendahl and

a guest; Middle row: Hanan Eshel, Erin Kuhns, Tina Greenfield,John Walton Burnight; Front row: Rodney Aist, Andrew Davis, guest.

Akko l-r:: Linda Meiberg, Andrew Davis,

Isaac Kalimi, Rodney Aist, Benjamin Dolinka.

Gezerl-r: Back row: Bronwen Manning, Robert Darby, Isaac Kalimi, Yuri Stoyanov;

Middle row: Tina Greenfield, Andrew Davis, Daniel Santimore, Richard Payne,Ivan Biliarsky, Sam Wolff, Teodozja Izabela Rzeuska; Front row: John Walton

Burnight, Erin Kuhns, Haskel Greenfield.

Megiddo Water Tunnell-r: Back row: Norma Franklin, Isaac Kalimi, Bronwen Manning, Rodney Aist;

Middle row: Arkadiusz Marciniak, R. Evyassaf, Linda Meiberg, Hanna Greenfield,Front row: Andrew Davis, Noah Greenfield.

ALBRIGHT FELLOWS ON FIELD TRIPS

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Hisham M’farrah, Albright Chef, assisted by Boaz Greenfield, chef-in-training.

l-r: Shulamit Miller, Chloe Massey, Alexandra Drenka, Marina and IrinaZeltser, Ivan Biliarsky, Gerald Finkielsztejn and Anna de Vincenz.

l-r: Andrew Davis, Deborah Cassuto, Noam, Cherie and Adam Gitin,Noa and Sarah Sussman.

ALBRIGHT TRADITIONAL THANKSGIVING CELEBRATION

l-r: Eliot Braun, David Graf, Gary Knoppers – Albright Trustee, S. Gitin, Trude Dothan, Teodozja Izabela Rzeuska, Christine Thompson.

l-r: Chana and Elnathan Mordechai Kalimi, Greenfield guest, Hanna, Haskel, Boaz, Tina and Noah Greenfield, Nadia Bandak.

l-r: Shimon Gibson, Austin (“Chad”) Hill, Bronwen Manning, GhassanNagragreh, Munira Said, Helena Flusfeder, John Walton Burnight,Warren Schultz, Noah Greenfield.

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representatives had an opportunity to meet with colleagues fromsome countries with which Israel has no official contact. It was alsoa rare opportunity to exchange views on cultural heritage,conservation and management projects, and to create a broaderunderstanding of these subjects on a regional scale.

The Albright continued assisting many of the 31ASOR-affiliated and Albright-assisted Excavation, Surveyand Publication Projects, including: Ashkelon (L. STAGERand D. MASTER), Gezer VI – The Object Volume(G. GILMOUR), Gezer VII – Fields II, IV, and VIII(J. D. SEGER), Gezer (S. ORTIZ and S. WOLFF), Hesi

(J. BLAKELY and J. HARDIN), Kedesh (S. HERBERT andA. BERLIN), Lahav (O. BOROWSKI), Qana(D. EDWARDS and T. MCCOLLOUGH), Sepphoris EinZippori (E. and C. MEYERS, and J.P. DESSEL), Sepphoris(J. STRANGE and T. MCCOLLOUGH), Sepphoris

Acropolis (J.L. REED), Taannek (N. LAPP and H. SALEM),Zaharah (S. COHEN) and Zeitah (R. TAPPY). This includedarranging for the drawing, inking, and photography of potteryand objects, pottery restoration, storage facilities, excavationlicenses and other excavation related logistics. In addition, twoother American projects were in the field at Kabri and Jaffa. Allof this reflects a significant increase in archaeological activities inIsrael on the part of American archaeologists and theirinstitutions.

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AIAR Director’s Publications included “Tel Miqne-Ekron,” with T. Dothan in The New Encyclopedia ofArchaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, vol. 5,supplementary volume, ed. E. Stern, Jerusalem: IsraelExploration Society; Articles in Press; “The Philistines,”Chapter IV.A.4 in the Book of Kings: Sources, Composition,Historiography and Reception, eds. A. Lemaire and B. Halpern,Leiden: Brill; “The Altars of Ashkelon” in the Larry E. StagerFestschrift ed., David Schloen. Books Partially in Press: Tel-Miqne-Ekron Excavations, 1985-1988, 1990, 1992-1995,Field IV Lower – The Elite Zone Part 1: The Iron Age I EarlyPhilistine City, Yosef Garfinkel, Trude Dothan, and SeymourGitin, Final Report Series 9/1; Field IV Lower – The Elite ZonePart 2: The Iron Age IIC Late Philistine City, Seymour Gitin,Trude Dothan and Yosef Garfinkel, Final Field Report Series9/2; Field IV Lower – The Elite Zone Part 3: The Iron Age Iand IIC Early and Late Philistine Cities Database, SeymourGitin, Trude Dothan and Yosef Garfinkel, Final Report Series9/3, ed. Seymour Gitin, Jerusalem: W.F. Albright Institute ofArchaeological Research/Hebrew University of Jerusalem.Books in Progress: Tel Miqne-Ekron Excavations 1994-95,Field IV Upper, Iron Age IIC, Philistine Temple Complex,Steven Ortiz, Seymour Gitin and Trude Dothan, ed. SeymourGitin, Final Field Report Series 10, Jerusalem: W. F. AlbrightInstitute of Archaeological Research/Hebrew University ofJerusalem. The Albright Director continues to serve as the editorof the three-volume work The Ancient Pottery of Israel and itsNeighbors sponsored by the Israel Exploration Society, theAlbright Institute, the Israel Antiquities Authority and theAmerican Schools of Oriental Research. W. G. Dever, J.D. Segerand the Director have completed the editing of one of the nextvolumes in the Tell Gezer report series – Gezer VI: The Objectsfrom Phases I and II, authored by Albright Senior AssociateFellow Garth Gilmour, with contributions by the lateR. Bullard, W.G. Dever, H. D. Lance and J.D. Seger; andAppendices by D.T. Ariel, D. Barag, Z. Gotesman,C. Herrmann, O. Keel, S.A. Rosen and M. Spaer, Jerusalem:Annual of the Nelson Glueck School of Biblical Archaeology IX.The Director is also a contributor to Gezer VII: The MiddleBronze Age and Later Fortifications in Fields II, IV, and VIII, byJ.D. Seger, Annual of the Nelson Glueck School of BiblicalArchaeology VIII, Jerusalem: Hebrew Union College.

Facility:The Albright residence was once again in great demandand had an almost 100%occupancy rate during June andJuly with visiting American andEuropean researchers workingon excavation and publicationprojects. The occupancy rateduring the first semester wasmore than 90% and 95% forthe second semester.

The first phase of theAlbright renovation projectincluded completing therenovation of the new libraryextension room with thepurchase and installation of“compactus” (movable) shelvingwhich can accommodateup to 17,000 books.

The Tel el-Hesi Regional Survey Project, Cobb Institute of Archaeology l-r: James Hardin and Jeffrey Blakely analyzing artifacts in the Albright garden.

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Albright Trustee and Director of theLahav Excavation Phase III, Oded

Borowski examines artifact at the site.

Sepphoris Publications Project,University of South Florida: Co-Director

James Strange “shlepping” Sepphorispottery from Albright storage facility to

Sepphoris publications office.

New Albright library extension withcompactus shelving, aisle 1.

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Funding for this was provided by a second grant from thePackard Humanities Institute of $21,000, in addition to anoriginal grant of $55,000 for renovating the library extensionroom. The major renovations in this phase, funded in part by the$1,000,000 Dorot Foundation/ NEH Challenge Grant, saw theconversion of the G. Ernest Wright Lab from artifact storage andwork space into two air-conditioned archaeological publicationoffices, thus freeing up two office spaces in the main building forhostel rooms. In addition, in the common and dining rooms,new double-paned windows, an acoustical ceiling, new lightingand an air-conditioning/heating unit were installed, and newcurtains were hung in both rooms. In the common/lecture room,a drop-down screen for power-point projection and anamplifying and speaker system were added. The kitchen andbathroom were renovated in the Garden Apartment.

The second phase of the renovation will focus on thehostel. It is scheduled for July and August 2009, at which timethe Albright Institute will be closed. This part of the project willinclude installing double-paned windows, a central air-condition/heating system which will provide hot water 24hours a day, and renovating the bathrooms and showers. Tworest rooms will be added on the ground floor of the buildingand one midway up the stairs, on the landing. The computerserver, wi-fi operating system, telephone board and UPSequipment will be re-located to a newly renovated roomadjacent to the library extension.

Funds for special projects and endowment totaling$641,740 were received from the Dorot, Skirball, HoraceGoldsmith, Guttman and Littauer Foundations, the PEF Inc,the National Endowment for the Humanities and individualcontributors. Special thanks go to LYDIE SHUFRO for herwork as Chair of the Albright’s Development Committee.

Special thanks also go to NORMA DEVER for the fundsshe raised through the Annual Alumni Campaign for re-equipping the Institute’s common room, which is also used as alecture hall. The amount of $6,560 contributed to thiscampaign was used to purchase the drop-down screen forpower-point projection, the amplifying and speaker system,new curtains and to supplement funds provided by the NEHChallenge Grant for the installation of air-conditioning.

In spite of the current deteriorating financialsituation in the United States and the weakening of the USdollar against the Israeli shekel which has a severe negativeimpact on the operations of the Institute, the Albright

Continued from page 8 – News from Jerusalem

remains productive and continues to provide a positiveexperience for its annual group of multi-national Fellows.One of the reasons for it is the hard work and commitment ofits loyal and dedicated Staff – the “glue” which helps to holdthe Institute together. Most importantly, the efforts of theAlbright’s Officers and Board of Trustees, led by ChairpersonVIVIAN BULL and President ED WRIGHT have been crucialin helping to maintain and advance the program of the Institute.Albright President Ed Wright’s visit to the Institute was a majorboost to the morale of Staff and Fellows, and the time he spentin Jerusalem was greatly appreciated by all.

We mourn the loss of two people who in the past mademajor contributions to the work of the Albright: DAVID NOELFREEDMAN (see obituary elsewhere in the newsletter) andMOSHE GARY. NOEL, a former Director and Trustee of theAlbright Institute, was a remarkable person who will be missedby his colleagues and students, and by the world of scholarshipto which he devoted his life. MOSHE, a well-known Jerusalemarchitect, who died recently after a long bout with cancer hadbeen the Albright’s consulting architect since the late 1970’s. Formore than 30 years, he was responsible for advising the Instituteand helping to plan the improvements of the facility and itsmajor maintenance projects. His presence will be sorely missed.

The new academic year 2008-2009 opens with 64Fellows, the largest number in the history of the AlbrightInstitute. Two of the highlights of the year’s events will be theASOR Exchange Lecture Program, featuring TOM DAVIS, theDirector of CAARI and a presentation at the Albright by amember of the Staff of the Department of Antiquities ofJordan. Two new fellowships will be offered: a two-yearSamuel H. Kress Fellowship providing $22,500 per year fordoctoral candidates in the history of European Art and relateddisciplines with a focus on European, Mediterranean orClassical Art History from Antiquity to the early 19th Century;and the Carol and Eric Meyers Doctoral DissertationFellowship, which provides $5,000 for two months fordoctoral candidates whose research involves the study ofarchaeology and society in the Biblical or Early Post-Biblical Periods.

The Albright’s video/teleconferencing project, which hasbeen in the planning stage for a number of years, and which isaimed at helping Palestinian academic institutions andPalestinian students in the fields of archaeology, art historyand ancient Near Eastern literature, is being funded by a$38,000 grant from the US government. It will be initiated inthe fall of 2009 with seminars, conducted by Albright Fellowson a variety of subjects to students of the Department ofArchaeology at Al-Quds University. The project will bedeveloped by the Albright Director with the assistance of theAlbright’s Ernest S. Frerichs Fellow/Program Coordinator,who will be responsible for coordinating the program with DR.SALAH HOUDALIEH, the Chairman of the Department ofArchaeology at Al-Quds University. The Albright is indebted toWALTER DOUGLAS, the Director of the Office of Press andPublic Diplomacy of the State Department and toMICHAELA SCHWEITZER-BLUM, the Head of the PublicAffairs Section (PAS) of the American Consulate in Jerusalemfor their support of this program.

Sy Gitin Albright President, J. Edward Wright of the University of Arizona visits theInstitute in Jerusalem. On left is Senior Research Fellow, Eliot Braun.

10

W.F. ALBRIGHT INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH

2007-2008 APPOINTEES, RESIDENTS AND STAFF

Back Row: From left: Adam and Noam Gitin, Senior Fellow Anna de Vincenz, Cherie Gitin, Senior Fellow ShimonGibson, Chief Librarian Sarah Sussman, Research Fellow Baruch Brandl, Library Computer Consultant Avner Halpern,Assistant to the Director Helena Flusfeder, Research Fellow Khader Salameh, Senior Fellow Stephen Pfann and ResearchFellow Claire Pfann, Research Fellow Malka Hershkovitz, Maintenance Staff Ashraf Hanna.

Middle Row: Director S. Gitin, Administrative Consultant Munira Said, Senior Fellow Eliot Braun, Samuel H. KressFellow Andrew Radford Davis, Research Fellow Alexander Zukerman, Samuel H. Kress Fellow Linda G. Meiberg,George A. Barton Fellow Rodney Aist, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow Christine Thompson,Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellows Robert Darby and Erin Kuhns, Ernest S. Frerichs Fellow/ProgramCoordinator Benjamin Dolinka, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow Arkadiusz Marciniak, Research Fellows Chloe Massey andJohn Walton Burnight, Miqne Staff Alexandra Drenka and Ghassan Nagagreh, Gardener Faiz Khalaf.

Front Row: Institute Manager Nadia Bandak, Residents Walid Hasna and Marta Lorenzo and their children, MariaGadir and Nabil, Miqne Staff Marina Zeltser, Chana Kalimi and National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow IsaacKalimi and their children, Elnathan Mordechai and Sarah Rivkah, Annual Professor Haskel Greenfield, Research FellowTina Greenfield and their children, Noah, Boaz and Hanna, former Samuel H. Kress Fellow Gloria London, SeniorFellow Trude Dothan, Albright Trustee Edward Greenstein.

Seated on carpet: Librarian Kate Masliansky, Library Computerization Staff Diana Steigler, Post-Doctoral FellowStephen Rosenberg, former George A. Barton Fellow Glen Taylor, Research Fellow Bronwen Manning, Kitchen andHousekeeping Staff Nawal Ibtisam Rsheid and Housekeeping Staff Nuha Khalil Ibrahim.

Appointees and staff not in photo: Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellows Austin Hill and Yorke Rowan, Andrew W.Mellon Fellows Ivan Biliarsky and Teodozja Izabela Rzeuska; Glassman Holland Research Fellow Vladimir Doronichev;Senior Fellows Marwan Abu Khalaf, Jeffrey Chadwick, Gerald Finkielsztejn, Garth Gilmour, David Graf, Aren Maeir,Beth Alpert Nahkhai, Hani Nur el-Din, Warren Schultz, Yuri Stoyanov, Hamdan Taha, Dieter Vieweger, Samuel R.Wolff and William Yarchin; Post-Doctoral Fellows Ibrahim Abu-Ammar, Mohammad Ghosheh, Salah H. Houdalieh,Ianir Milevski, Nava Panitz-Cohen, Michael Press, Hamed Salem, Alison Schofield, Itzhaq Shai, and Karen Stern;Research Fellows Jamal Bargouth, Deborah Cassuto, Amir Golani, Stephanie Pryor, Daniel Santimore, Issa Sarie, RossVoss; Miqne Architect J. Rosenberg, Chef Hisham M’farrah, and Groundsman Lutfi Mussa.

11

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LOWERPALEOLITHIC ASSEMBLAGES IN THE CAUCASUS

AND THE LEVENT

In my research, I focused on a comparativeanalysis of the Lower Paleolithic lithic industriesin the Caucasus and West Asia, specifically in theLevant. The known hominine fossil and lithicrecords provide a strong basis for identification ofEast Africa as the ‘core’ area for the genus Homoand tool-making origins since about 2.6 Myr, andfor the hominine expansions into South Eurasia.The Dmanisi site in Georgia is now the earliestPaleolithic occupation of West Asia dating to 1.8

Myr. Lacking the assortment of retouched flake tools, the Dmanisiindustry looks similar to the Pre-Oldowan Industry from East Africa.

The further development of Pre-Oldowan industry into ClassicOldowan and then to Developed Oldowan/Early Acheulean occur in EastAfrica. Many scholars link the appearance of Acheulean in Eurasia as aresult of the out-of-Africa migration of H. ergaster/erectus hominids.Contrary to this paradigm, lithic records show the distribution of theDeveloped Oldowan/Early Acheulean only within East Africa as far northas 'Ubeidiya in Israel, and the absence of any Early Acheulean occupationsin either Mediterranean Europe or Caucasus. The Core-flake-toolIndustry occupied those areas during that time. The Bizat Ruhama site inIsrael produced a core-flake-tool industry dating to 1-0.8 Myr.

The further development of Acheulean technologies divergesbetween a “cutting tip” concept (CT Acheulean) and a new conceptionof “cutting edge” supported by large flake technologies (CE LFBAcheulean). In the Levant, only the Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov site in Israel,dating to 800 kyr, represents the LFB Acheulean. In the Levant, the CTAcheulean is best represented from 800 to 500 kyr. The Latamne andEl Meirah sites in Syria best represent the CT Middle Acheulean (somescholars call it “the Latamne facies”) in the Levant.

In the Caucasus, Middle Acheulean is unknown. In theTreugol'naya Cave, which I excavated in the Northern Caucasus, theLower Paleolithic core-flake-tool industries lacking Acheuleanbifaces were recovered from strata dating from 600 to 350 kyr. Moreand more facts confirm the distribution in Central and EasternEurope of the Pre-Mousterian complex vis-à-vis the area of theAcheulean complex distribution in West Europe and West Asia. The period from 500 to 200 kyr ago is characterized by a widespread of the Late Acheulean. The Levantine Late Acheuleanremarkably differs from the Middle Acheulean by the total absenceof CT Acheulean or CE LFB Acheulean industries. It seems likelythat a few Acheulean industries with large and well made all aroundbifaces and biface or tranchet cleavers represent a transitionalMiddle/Late Acheulean unit. The Ma’ayan Barukh site in Israel isthe richest Middle/Later Acheulean location in the Levant. In theSouthern Caucasus, the Djraber location in Armenia provided themost representative collection of large bifaces with transverse blow.

The majority of Late Acheulean sites in the Levant are dated from400 to 300 kyr. The Levantine Late Acheulean is characterized bysmaller bifaces of predominantly pointed forms and with unworkedbases, and rich and variable flake tools. The fall in bifacestandardization and degree of refinement is especially characteristic ofthe Acheulo-Yabrudian, which represents a final stage of theAcheulean techno-complex in the Levant. In the Southern Caucasus,the earliest Acheulean industries from cave sites Kudaro 1 and Azykhare dated to 300 kyr. I identify this industry group as the Kudarianvariant of the Late Acheulean. Rare pointed bifaces, representativecore-tools and numerous flake tools are characteristic of the group.

Throughout its geographical distribution in the Levant andSouthern Caucasus, the Acheulean disappeared some 200 kyr agowhen it was replaced by Middle Paleolithic stone traditions.

Vladimir Doronichev, ANO Laboratory of Prehistory, St. PetersburgGlassman Holland Research Fellow

CROSSING THE NILE: TRACING CHALCOLITHICINTERACTION SPHERES AND COMMUNICATION

In the absence of texts, material culture continuesto provide the best evidence for establishing theexistence of contact between different prehistoricsocieties. In the early days of archaeology, scholarsfrequently used similarity of objects or motifs asproof of contact such that diffusion became the defacto explanation for an enormous variety ofchange over vast territories. The reaction againstsuch diffusionist explanations was understandable.The reverse is also possible: the significance of

contact between neighboring societies is downplayed in favor ofindependent innovation. Such descriptions fit particularly well withmodels of cultures as adaptive systems.

During the 2008 spring semester at the Albright, my researchfocused on the evidence for contact between Egypt and the southernLevant. Early relations between these two regions remain poorlyunderstood, leading to conflicting interpretations that affect our modelsof why societal change occurs. The recent refinement of periodizationfor Predynastic Egypt has tightened chronological synchronisms withthe southern Levantine Chalcolithic, creating an opportunity toreevaluate the evidence for contact.

The agro-pastoral inhabitants of the southern Levant during theChalcolithic period (c. 4500-3600 BC) created objects with a strikingarray of iconographic detail and abstraction, indicative of imaginativeelaboration of compelling and powerful ideas. Initially considered anintrusive immigrant population, most archaeologists now see continuityof Late Neolithic to Chalcolithic populations.

Most Chalcolithic material culture was produced locally. Ceramicanalyses of Beersheva pottery assemblages indicate that only one jar –from Abu Matar – was imported, possibly from Samaria or the Galilee.A limited number of coastal and northwestern Negev sites (Gilat, Site Y2,Site R-48) exhibit a few fossiles directeurs of the early Chalcolithic periodalong with Naqada I sherds, but none are in firm stratigraphic contexts.Non-ceramic items found in the southern Levant either originated inEgypt or were inspired by Egyptian ideas. Parallels to PredynasticEgyptian artifacts include objects such as bowls of alabaster and diorite,a few ivories, particularly a few from the Beersheva sites of Shiqmim andBir es-Safadi, and shells. In addition, steatite beads from Shiqmim andPeqi’in identified by Danielle Bar-Yosef Mayer and her colleaguesprobably originate in Egypt. Manufactured from talc, steatite is not alocal resource in the southern Levant, but available in both Egypt andTurkey. Steatite beads are commonly found in Predynastic Egyptiangraves (e.g., Badari). Another likely Egyptian import to ChalcolithicPalestine is the shell from Aspatharia rubens, a Nilotic species commonlyfound in south Levantine mortuary contexts. Finds of Aspathariaassociated with carnelian beads and ‘alabaster’ pendants support thelikelihood of Egyptian origin. Finally, the eight gold and electrum ringsfrom the Nahal Qanah mortuary cavern point to long distanceconnections to Nubia, the most likely source of these raw materials.

In the other direction, southern Levantine influence in Egypt is nowunequivocal. Until recently, the earliest known vessel from Palestinefound in a Predynastic Egyptian context was a jar found in a Badariantomb at Qaw el-Kebir. Now, however, pottery excavated at thePredynastic Delta site of Buto indicates that immigrants from theLevant used local materials with non-local, wheel manufacturingtechniques typical of the Beersheva sites. Such pottery constitutesapproximately 30% of the assemblage from the early levels, providingthe first strong evidence for southern Levantine influence in the Delta.

The archaeological record confirms contact between PredynasticEgyptian populations and those living in the southern Levant during theChalcolithic. Southern Levantine populations clearly sought prestige itemsof gold, shell, non-local stone and ivory. Further investigation is warrantedto understand the nature of these prehistoric exchange relationships.

Yorke M. Rowan, Research Associate, Smithsonian InstitutionEducational and Cultural Affairs Fellow

Vladimir Doronichev

Yorke M. Rowan

12

LEVANTINE POTTERY FROM THE LATE OLDKINGDOM NECROPOLIS IN WEST SAQQARA

AND FROM THE MIDDLE KINGDOMSETTLEMENT ON ELEPHANTINE ISLAND

My project consisted of two parts: the firstrelated to the pottery found at Saqqara (southof Cairo); the second to vessels discovered in asettlement on the Elephantine Island ofAswan. The first part focused on ceramics asyet unpublished: amphorae, pithoi and a jug ofEarly Bronze III “Combed Ware.” Thesevessels were excavated by a Polish-Egyptianarchaeological mission from WarsawUniversity’s Polish Centre of MediterraneanArchaeology. The material is from the tombs of

nobles dating to the late Old Kingdom (Sixth-Eight Dynasties) andcame from well-dated archaeological contexts. The vessels weredeposited in underground burial chambers during funerary ceremoniesas part of the tomb goods, which according to ancient Egyptian beliefsensure a prosperous afterlife. A chronological and cultural analysis ofthese ceramics, seldom found in Egypt, is an important element ofstudies on the late Old Kingdom in Egypt, not only helping to definethe character and scope of relations between Egypt and the Near Eastat the end of the Early Bronze III, but also providing a basis forsynchronizing the two cultures more precisely. An important factoraffecting these studies is the first petrographic analysis conducted onsamples of clay fabric from the vessels in question, which has shownthat they were probably local Egyptian copies of the reputed Levantine“Combed Ware.” This throws entirely new light on the question oftrade and its character between Egypt and the Near East. The presenceof these vessels in burial contexts posed the question of their role.Probably they served as containers for one of the seven sacred oils (cedaroil) used during the Ritual of the Opening of the Mouth.

The second part of my project was a study of imported pottery,including so-called Canaanite jars, Kamares cup(s) and a fragment of aCypriot Red-on-Red jug. The settlement at Elephantine has been theobject of systematic research by a joint mission of the GermanArchaeological Institute in Cairo and the Swiss Institute for more than30 seasons. The pottery comes from private houses dated to the lateMiddle Kingdom. The second half of the Middle Kingdom was a timeof great economic and cultural change in Egypt, paralleling a gradualand inescapable political decline. The appearance of ever morenumerous imported wares testifies to a flourishing trade, but also andperhaps foremost, to a growing influx of peoples into Egypt from theSyro-Palestine region. This is the case for Lower Egypt where the Asiaticelement eventually took power, establishing the Hyksos Dynasty, but inUpper Egypt, particularly its southern extremes (Elephantine was thecapital of the First Nome of Upper Egypt), there was never any historicalrecord of such settlement. The presence of Levantine ceramics so farsouth and so far from the potential settlement of Asiatic peoples, posesa highly intriguing question as to its sources and role in economic life.

I was, therefore, trying to determine more precisely theprovenance of these vessels, attempting to establish the regions in theLevant where these vessels may have been produced, as well asidentifying trade routes, distribution channels leading to southernEgypt, and finally, determining the kind of goods contained in thevessels, especially in the storage jars. The study of imported ceramicsfrom Elephantine undoubtedly augments our knowledge of Egyptianand Syro-Palestinian trade contacts on the eve of the SecondIntermediate Period.

Teodozja Izabela Rzeuska, Polish Academy of SciencesAndrew W. Mellon Fellow

Teodozja Izabela Rzeuska

FIGURAL MOTIFS ON PHILISTINE POTTERY ANDTHEIR CONNECTION TO THE AEGEN WORLD

At the end of the Late Bronze Age, c. 1200BCE, it is widely thought that the EasternMediterranean basin experienced a series ofcatastrophic upheavals that resulted in thedestruction of palatial societies in Greece,Anatolia, the Levant, and possibly Cyprus.Seeking safety and the means to survive, largegroups of people migrated. Egyptian sources referto these groups by what has been loosely translated

as the “Sea Peoples,” and the most illustrious among them were thePhilistines. In the biblical sources, that reflect slightly later realities, thePhilistines lived in the southern Coastal Plain of Israel. This has beenconfirmed by over a century of archaeological excavations.

Although great strides have been made in the past 25 years tolearn about the initial stages of Philistine settlement in southernIsrael, little is known of their place of origin. The prevalent currentarchaeological opinion views the Philistines as an amalgamation ofthese same Sea Peoples showing affinities with cultural elementsfrom the greater Aegean world.

My dissertation focuses on the relationship between thePhilistines in the southern Coastal Plain of Israel and thepopulation of other regions in the Eastern Mediterranean basinthrough the study of figural motifs on Philistine pottery. If theinspiration for the figural decoration on Philistine pottery can betraced, it may perhaps be possible to determine the origins of thePhilistines. Further, it will contribute to identifying the impetusbehind other defining features of Philistine material culture.

The main corpus of ceramic material that I am studying isMycenaean IIIC:1 Ware, named for its similarity to late Mycenaeanpottery, which is sometimes called Philistine Monochrome Ware, aswell as its immediate ceramic successor, Philistine Bichrome Ware.These two types of locally produced pottery date to the 12th-11thcenturies BCE and are uncovered at sites throughout Israel. Figuraldecoration on both types of Philistine wares is largely limited toimages of birds and fish.

Birds and fish are common motifs on Mycenaean pottery frommainland Greece and the Aegean islands throughout the Late BronzeAge, as well as from Cyprus and coastal Anatolia. My primary researchgoal, by studying these figural motifs, is to try to ascertain which regionor regions within this greater Aegean world contributed most directlyto the stylistic development of figural decoration on Philistine pottery.

After spending five months at the American School of ClassicalStudies at Athens analyzing the ceramic material housed in museumsthroughout Greece and five months at the Albright Institute inJerusalem studying Philistine pottery, my initial conclusions showthat the figural motifs on the Philistine wares are remarkably faithfulin particular aspects of style to earlier as well as contemporary potteryfrom the Aegean world, particularly from the Argolid, Attica, and theDodecanese as well as from Cyprus, with perhaps the little knownarea of the Anatolian coast acting as a conduit between the latter two.When each motif is broken down into its various ornamentalelements it appears possible to find sources of inspiration, particularlyon Cyprus, or, if not on Cyprus itself, then the artists in the tworegions of Cyprus and Philistia shared a common source.Furthermore, these individual elements were not employed becausethey were true to nature, but because these were just a few of thestylistic conventions that were transmitted to the southern Levantinecoast with the movement of populations throughout the 12thcentury and subsequently adopted by the Philistine artists.

Linda Meiberg, University of PennsylvaniaSamuel H. Kress Fellow

Linda Meiberg

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THE CONSTRUCTION OF SACRED SPACEAT TEL DAN IN THE IRON AGE

Area T from the northern site of Tel Danrepresents the source of one of the richestcultic assemblages of Iron Age Israel. Thesite’s longtime excavator, Avraham Biran haspublished several studies which outline thebasic history and significance of this area, butthe wealth of material from Area T and itsimportance in the religious history of ancientIsrael invite further research. Much of thisresearch will have to await the publication ofthe final report on the Iron Age strata fromTel Dan, but through the generous support

of the Nelson Glueck School of Biblical Archaeology-HUC and itsdirector, David Ilan, I have been able to examine the unpublishedexcavation notes, season reports and artifacts as part of mydissertation research. This access, in addition to the AlbrightInstitute’s stimulating academic environment, has helped me addressmy particular research question – the transformation of sacred spacein the Iron Age IIB (ca. 850-734 BCE) – with fruitful results.

The Iron Age IIB at Tel Dan consists of Strata III-II, and my timein Jerusalem was spent mainly on developing portraits of Area T foreach stratum on which I could map the locations of various culticartifacts. My goals were to identify what kind of cultic practices wereassociated with which parts of the area and also how the organizationof the cultic space changed between Strata III-II. As for the latterquestion, it became clear that some significant changes were made inStratum II. Prior to this stratum, parts of the cultic precinct hadbeen rebuilt with ashlar masonry, but this new monumentality didnot affect the overall openness of the area. Worshippers could stillmove freely with access to all cultic structures, including thenorthern platform (the “bamah”) and the central altar platform. Thissituation changed in Stratum II, however, as new construction beganto restrict access around Area T. Most importantly, a temenos wallwas built around the central altar, which prevented a direct approachto the altar and reduced the space available to worshippers. This andother modifications indicate that a new hierarchy of cultic space wasoperative in Stratum II.

Yet, even with these new restrictions, other sections of Area Tremained open and suggest a fundamental division in the area’sorganization. The western section (T-West) in particular wasaccessible in both strata, and its cultic artifacts revealed it to be thesite of small-scale cultic activity. In one room, for example, a lowstone altar was set in the ground and was surrounded by three smallshovels and a bronze bowl; analysis of the room’s animal bonesconfirmed that it was used for small sacrifices. This evidence,combined with T-West’s more modest architecture, indicates thatthis section was reserved for smaller, possibly familial, cultic events,in contrast to the larger sacrifices that would have taken place on thelarge central altar. This interpretation of T-West means that thesanctuary at Tel Dan accommodated not only large communalcelebrations commensurate with its monumental architecture butalso more quotidian rites that are often associated with domesticspace. Area T is an example of a single cultic complex that supporteda wide range of cultic activity.

Drawing on textual evidence from the Hebrew Bible as well asselected texts from neighboring cultures, I hope to demonstrate thatthe sanctuary at Tel Dan is part of a longstanding northern cultictradition that can shed new light on our understanding of thereligious history of the divided monarchy.

Andrew Radford Davis, Johns Hopkins UniversitySamuel H. Kress Fellow

Andrew Radford Davis

SILVER IN THE AGE OF IRON AND THEORIENTALIZING ECONOMIES OF ARCHAIC

GREECEMy research agenda concerns the earliest

evidence and motivations for Phoenician westwardexpansion in the early first millennium, and thereasons for the adoption of silver coinages by over100 Greek cities before c.480 BCE, when fewsilver objects appear in the archaeological record ofthe Greek world during the preceding 700 years.

Foundational sources include a wide range ofClassical and biblical authors, monetaryinscriptions, a corpus of 35 Hacksilber hoardsfrom Iron Age Cisjordan, and gold and bronze

objects from Greek tombs. In order to explain the preference for gold andbronze objects in Greek tombs of the Archaic period c. 800-480 BCE, Ihad to take the Late Bronze Age as my chronological starting-point.

I argue that emphatic quantities of gold and bronze typify hoardsand assemblages of the Late Bronze Age koine economy in the easternMediterranean, and that gold and bronze would be remembered askoine metals for centuries after the collapse of the Late Bronze Agepalatial economies. The Iron Age hoards from Cisjordan, on the otherhand, exhibit an unmistakably clear preference for silver, almostalways to the exclusion of gold and bronze. Beyond that, the Iron Agesilver hoards from Cisjordan present the largest identifiedconcentration of silver hoards in the ancient Near East.

The patterned increase in the hoarding of silver to the near exclusionof other metals during the Iron Age indicates that there was an inflectionin the Levantine economy between the 13th and 11th centuries. This‘Inflected Economy’ is defined by changes in the geographical emphasesand primary material objectives of trade, as well as the structures whichshaped economic activities. In more concrete terms, Sardinia replacedAnatolia as the primary supplier of silver to the Levantine economy;Phoenicia replaced Ugarit as the hub of overseas metals trade; silverbecame the most important metal to the Levantine economy (generally)at the expense of gold and bronze; and entrepreneurial trade flourishedin the absence of the restrictive controls of palatial administrations.

By the 8th and 7th centuries, an ideology had developed in the Greekworld involving an elite identification with both gold and bronze. Thisidentification helps characterize them specifically as heroic elites, whowere lingering conceptually in their koine past (which they rememberedas their heroic age). The ideology relates to an actual ‘Heroic Economy’,centered on Euboea, where gold and bronze objects are a regular featureof elite burials, and Levantine influence is evident in craftsmanship. ThePhoenicians enjoyed a favored status among these elites, as the formerwere the surviving heirs to the heroic past to which the latter laid claim.As much as this Heroic Economy valued oriental technology andaesthetics, the preoccupation with the heroic past was anti-orientalizingin contemporary ideological terms. The Greeks operating the Heroiceconomy appear to have maintained a hierarchically ranked socialstructure predicated on the controlled circulation of gold and bronze.This was characteristic of the koine past, when trade was conceptuallypackaged as ‘gift exchange’; likewise, the elite Greeks avoided silver andthe overt forms of Phoenician mercantilism it had come to represent.

Between c.600 and 480 BCE, Greeks interested in cultural andeconomic consolidation, as well as egalitarian politics,1 adopted silver astheir primary monetary metal in competition with elite Greeks andPhoenicians. Silver was more suitable than gold for men of averagemeans, and by minting coinages that were both subject to and theproduct of local authority, they restricted the potential flow ofPhoenician silver. Briefly stated, silver coinages were adopted within thecontext of expanding trade, competitive ethnogenesis, egalitarian politics,and cultural consolidation.

Christine Thompson, University of California at Los Angeles NationalEndowment for the Humanities Fellow

1 Ian Morris’ ‘middling-men’.

Christine Thompson

14

INTERPRETING JUDEAN PILLAR FIGURINES ANDISREALITE RELIGION IN LIGHT OF A

ARCHEOLOGICAL DATA, ANTHROPOLOGICALTHEORY AND GENDER ANALYSIS

Judean Pillar Figurines (JPF) regularly feature indiscussions of Israelite religion, but these clay femalestatuettes also come from a time of state powerconsolidation and Judean identity formation. As dailyuse objects, JPFs are well-situated for trackingideological change across multiple levels of Judeansociety. Analysis of production and design illustrates theway Judeans defined themselves in relation to their pasttraditions and their contemporary neighbors.Production intensity indicates the degree of influence

the figurines exercised in daily life. Consumption contexts show which sectorsof Judean society were most influenced by the figurines. Thus, the figurineswere affected by and helped to affect major internal political and economicchanges, mapping such changes on representations of the female body.

To study these processes, my dissertation first updates the catalogue ofknown figurines. Secondly, it focuses on design and production organization,comparing JPF design with other ANE statuary, tracking internaldevelopments within the JPF corpus, and identifying the intensity ofproduction and potential trade networks. Finally, the project recontextualizesthe JPF’s, situating contexts on several continuums, including rural-urban,private-public, sacred-mundane, and elite-common. Ultimately, thedissertation investigates the distinctiveness of the JPF design, the intensity ofproduction and use, the varying social groups involved in consumption, andthe function of female representations in Judah’s identity formation.

My time at the Albright has been devoted to data collection.Information about every anthropomorphic figurine (ca. 1000 pieces) isbeing entered into a working database, including the following: all previouscatalogue numbers, registration numbers, description of clay, temper, andsurface treatment, archaeological locus, description of locus and largerarchitectural context, date of locus, all registered objects found in the samelocus, and description of figurine design. I have completed the material fromJerusalem, which is by far the most numerous and the least represented inprevious treatments of anthropomorphic statuary. I have also worked withcurrent excavators to access currently unpublished materials thatsignificantly enhance our knowledge of JPF context. Further, I have createddatabases for all major sites in Israel as well as sites in Jordan. I have alsobegun to organize funding and approval for petrographic analysis, whichshould establish the intensity of figurine production.

Preliminary conclusions suggest that almost all figurines are found indisposal contexts, and thus the archaeological context cannot directlyevidence use practices. Further, while there is a clear domestic pattern ofdisposal, it gives little indication of ritual disposal practices. Moreimportantly, alongside the domestic distribution patterns, there arepreviously unnoticed figurine concentrations that may represent marketingor cultic contexts. Additionally, early comparison of different socio-economic enclaves within the same site suggests that economic status doesaffect figurine popularity.

Within Judea, the data evidences a different distribution for moldedheads and pinched heads, a pattern that may be aligned with politicalchanges such as the destruction of the Shephelah and concomitantcentralization around Jerusalem. Furthermore, the later preference forpinched heads may also be due to an ideological shift, contrasting Judah’santhropomorphic art with that of surrounding states that prefer moldeddesigns. Judah is not alone in its preference for locally distinctive depictionof the female body, however, as is evidenced by the designs in Philistia,Ammon, and Edom. Thus, the early data support the association betweendepictions of the female body and community identity consolidation, asgroups seek to define themselves in distinction from their neighbors. More,the JPF’s do seem to be effective in tracking the way this identity formationwas variously implemented by different segments of society.

Erin Kuhns, Duke UniversityEducational and Cultural Affairs Fellow

Erin Kuhns

ORIGINS AND SPREAD OF METALLURGY:A ZOOARCHEOLOGICAL APPROACH

My research was on the spread of metallurgyduring the Early and Middle Bronze Ages.Previous research into the spread of metallurgyfocused on several sources, including therelative frequencies of stone vs. metal tools insites, the description and analysis of metalfinds, textual sources, evidence for mining, etc.The problem with most of these data sources isthat they are spatially and temporally biased -they do not reflect all levels and all spatiallocations within a society nor all time periods.Nor is it possible to quantify the rate and

nature of spread in a society with such few data. Most early metal haseither decayed or been recycled. As a result, a new means ofdocumenting the spread of metallurgy needed to be found.

Recently, I have pioneered a new approach to monitoring the spreadof metallurgy in a region through the study of animal bones fromarchaeological sites. Instead of basing analyses upon chance metal finds,cut marks on animal bones are used to quantitatively document the rateand nature of the spread across a region of metal tools for butcheringanimals. Animal bones are ubiquitous on archaeological sites and canprovide a larger and more quantifiable database.

Experimental research established the relationship between thecutting edge characteristics of metal and stone tools and the marksthey produce when applied to bone. The type of tool (metal orstone) used to produce cut marks on bone can be identifiedmicroscopically. Observations are best made by creating siliconemolds of cut marks and examining them in a scanning electronmicroscope under high magnification. It then becomes possible toquantify the spread of metallurgy from site to site, level to level, andhouse to house in a settlement. Sites in Israel were chosen for analysisbecause Israel has relatively large, well-collected, well-curated, andeasily accessed collections of animal bones with secure dates attachedto them. Israel is the only country in the Near East where suchanalysis is currently possible on a country-wide scale.

Previously, sites ranging from the PrePottery Neolithic to theChalcolithic (8000-2200 BC) were examined to test the hypothesisthat metal might have been used for utilitarian purposes prior to theBronze Age. The research demonstrated there is no evidence for theuse of metal in the butchering of animals prior to the Early BronzeAge. As a result, the proposed second phase of research focused onthe Early and Middle Bronze Age sites.

Remains from several sites were examined during my tenure at theAlbright as the Annual Professor in 2007-08 – Halif/Lahav, Qasis,Afek, Tsaf, and Shiqmim. Preliminary results indicate that metal bladeswere not used for butchering animals prior to the Bronze Age. In theEBA, there are few metal cut marks on bones (<20%). In the MBA, thesituation dramatically changes. The frequency of metal cut marksdramatically increases (c. 80%). This trend continues into the LBA.

The data collected are essential for understanding the spread of afunctional metallurgical butchering technology. For instance, bymapping the spread of a bronze metallurgy, it is possible tounderstand the dynamic relationship between the development ofbronze metallurgy and the origins of complex societies. A functionalmetal butchering technology arose far later than the earliest complexsocieties. Such metal tools were not used by the earliest elites todemonstrate social and economic differences within a society. Thespread and acceptance of metallurgy was a long term process, notcompleted in the Near East until the end of the Bronze Age.

Haskel J. Greenfield, University of ManitobaAnnual Professor

Haskel J. Greenfield

15

BATHING ON THE EDGE OF EMPIRE:AN ARCHITECTURAL AND SOCIAL STUDY

OF TETRARCHIC MILITARY BATHS INPALAESTINA AND ARABIA

The Roman Empire under the first Tetrarchy(293-305 CE) saw fresh interest in the constructionof public baths. An analysis of earlier work oneastern baths of the Tetrarchic period indicates theneed for a broad, regional synthesis in order tounderstand the sudden proliferation andprominence of these structures in the political andideological contexts of the Tetrarchy. The goal ofmy project is to elucidate our understanding of LateRoman bath architecture through a comparative

analysis of known baths in the Roman provinces of Arabia and Palaestinaassociated with the military build-up of the eastern frontier under theTetrarchs and their immediate successors.

The focus will be on answering several outstanding questions aboutthese structures including the reasons for renewed bath building underthe Tetrarchs: What role did military baths play in the acculturation ofthe local populace? What can the decorative program and artifactassemblages of military baths in the East tell us about the people whoused them? Can regional variations be discerned from the evidence ofmy sample group, and, if so, do they suggest a shared design in theirconstruction? Finally, what role did military baths play in the buildingprogram of the Tetrarchs?

More traditional studies of Roman baths have largely forsaken regionalarchitectural developments and underlying socio-economic and politicaldynamics in favor of broad, diachronic synthesis. However, in contrast, thefocus of my study is on a regionalized group of bath buildings constructedwithin a narrow temporal span, namely c. 293 to 337 C.E., in order tobetter understand why and how these baths were built during this time.

During the past year, the emphasis of my research has been on thearchaeological remains of several Late Roman military bathhouses in Israel,including those at the sites of Yotvata, ‘En Avdat, ‘En Hazeva, and BeerSheva. All of these sites are located in the region of the Negev Desert alongthe western side of the Wadi Arava. Working at the Albright, I was able tocompile comparable published materials, access unpublished informationin the IAA archives related to the sites in my study, and communicate witharchaeologists who worked on these sites. In addition, I was able to meetmany other scholars who graciously provided me with assistance and accessto numerous baths not originally included in my research.

Preliminary results indicate that the baths at ‘En Hazeva, Yotvata, and‘En Avdat conform to Krencker’s angular row type, with an easilyidentifiable room sequence featuring a caldarium, tepidarium, and an off-set frigidarium forming a distinctive L shape, a design common toRoman military baths in the West. Additionally, these baths can beassigned to a plan common to the region during the LateRoman/Byzantine period referred to as the “Southern Type,” featuringan open courtyard instead of a palaestra. This suggests that the bath atYotvata represents the earliest example of the “Southern Type”, and thatthis design originated from the Roman army.

Another important discovery to emerge is the topographicalrelationship of auxiliary baths to their nearby castella or forts.Comparative analysis indicates that these bath complexes are situated ina manner that maintains and respects the directional orientation of theirassociated forts, which are aligned to the cardinal points of the compass.The implications of this are significant, as it suggests a shared regionaldesign in their construction and topographical placement. If thishypothesis is correct, it may be possible to identify bath complexesassociated with other castella in the region, through an examination ofthe topographical alignment of unexplored, outlying structures.

Robert Darby, University of Missouri-ColumbiaEducational and Cultural Affairs Fellow

Robert Darby

HISTORICAL COMMENTARY ON THESECOND BOOK OF CHRONICLES

The aim of my research was to write an historicalcommentary on the second book of Chronicles,which will interact with other commentaries andfill in lacuna in the study of Chronicles.

I paid particular attention to thehistoriographical aspects and author’s literarydevices and methods uncovered in my publishedbooks and articles (e.g., The Reshaping of AncientIsraelite History in Chronicles, 2005). There, Ishowed the potential of literary phenomena for

explaining even the smallest differences between Chronicles and itsDeuteronomistic Vorlage, and demonstrated how the Chronicler usedhis sources and textual traditions to construct his history. Thiscommentary will examine the text against the broad perspective ofancient Israelite and Near Eastern history and historical writingmethods, and will pay special attention to the time and place of theChronicler, and to the history of the interpretation of Chronicles, itsusage and impact history. It will also treat the manuscripts of the earlierbiblical books among the Dead Sea Scrolls, and utilize the valuablecontributions of the broad classical Jewish and Christian exegesis,without neglecting the results of other up-to-date modern criticalbiblical, historical and archaeological research in the field.

During my tenure as an NEH Fellow, I completed several scholarlystudies. These include sections of my book Retelling of Chronicles in JewishHeritage – A Historical Journey: Interpretation, reception and impact-Historyof the Book of Chronicles from the Hellenistic Age to the Beginning of ModernJewish Biblical Scholarship (3rd Century B.C.E. to the 17th Century C.E.),2009. In addition, I wrote a number of articles for international refereedjournals. Among them is the detailed methodological study on “TheBook of Chronicles in Its Own Historical Context: History, and History-Writing, -Evaluation, and -Reliability,” which will be published in theJournal of Near Eastern Studies 68 (2009).

Based on this study, I presented a paper in Hebrew in May, 2008 at BenGurion University of the Negev’s Department of Bible, Archaeology andAncient Near Eastern Studies for which I was awarded the university’s Zviand Matilda Roifer Prize for the 2008 Annual Lecture.

I also wrote four articles whose results will be integrated in myhistorical commentary on Chronicles. Some of the articles investigatespecifically the usage of and relationship between Chronicles and theNew Testament. These include “Murder in the Temple: TheChronicler’s Story of the Priest-Prophet Zechariah and Its Impact onthe Post-Biblical Literature” in Revue Biblique 115 (2008); “TheStory about the Murder of the Prophet Zechariah in the Gospels andIts Relation to Chronicles” in Revue Biblique 116 (2009); “TheMurders of the Messengers: Stephen (Acts) versus Zechariah(Chronicles) and the Ethical Values of “New” versus “Old”Testament” in Australian Biblical Review 58 (2008); and “Robbers onthe Road to Jericho: Luke’s Story of the Good Samaritan andChronicles,” which I have submitted for publication. Further articles,namely: “Persepolis,” “Sanballat” and “Sheshbazzar” were written forThe New Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, Abingdon Press, 2008.

As a result of conducting part of my research in the library of theEcole Biblique, I was invited to participate in a new international projectcarried out by the Ecole entitled Bible and Its Traditions, to which I willcontribute volumes on the books of Haggai and Chronicles.

My thanks go to the Albright Fellowship Committee and theNational Endowment for the Humanities for the generous award; tothe Director of the Albright Institute, Professor Seymour Gitin, forhis warm welcome and support, and to the wonderful staff of theInstitute for all their kindness.

Isaac Kalimi, Northwestern University, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow

Isaac Kalimi

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IN THE PRESENCE OF GOD: THE OLDTESTAMENT IN THE BUILDING OF THE STATE’S

IDENTITIY IN EASTERN CHRISTIANITY

The idea of the sacred is directlyrelated to the idea of the presence of God.Based on pagan beliefs, the idea wasdeveloped by the Romanian scholar MirceaEliade who called it hierophania. Heinterpreted this phenomenon as a place orway of creating contact between the realmsof the sacred and the profane. In themonotheistic context, this idea is based onthe Jewish tradition of the Tabernacle andthe presence of God with His Chosen

People. This is the source of the subject and all subsequentdevelopments have their roots in it.

My project focuses on the impact this idea had on the politicalsphere in pre-modern times and especially its use as an argument forlegitimizing power, and as a way towards the formation of power’sidentity in the periphery of the Eastern Christian tradition.

The very idea of the sacred place or hierotopia is crucial forEastern Christianity. As an example of its application, we can citethe worship of holy icons. In that sense, it is much closer to theOld Testament idea of the presence of God in the Holy of Holies inthe Temple than to the more rational Western theologicaltradition. The Byzantine and Eastern Christian traditional beliefsin general are more sacramental than intellectual and, at the sametime, Eastern kingship is closer to the Kingship of the ChosenPeople of Israel in biblical times.

In my project, I follow the creation of the identity of power andthe state, based on the Old Testament idea of the presence of God.I based my research on materials from the three countries in whichthe Eastern Christian tradition is practiced – some Orthodox, othernot – Ethiopia, Georgia, and Bulgaria.

Ethiopia is a remote Christian country lost in an Islamic sea. Itwas strongly influenced by Jewish culture and due to its isolation, itwas able to maintain and develop some old Judeo-Christiantraditions. The basic text of Ethiopian literature which I discuss inmy study is the royal book of Kebra Nagast or the “Glory of theKings.” It is very important to stress the influence of the clash ofthe Christian and Jewish traditions in Southern Arabia (nowYemen) on the preparation of the book of Kebra Nagast. Theregion of Caucasus, especially Armenia and Georgia, is one of thecradles of Christianity. The main texts that I focus on here are“The History of the Bagrationi Dynasty” by the 10th centuryauthor Sumbat Davitisdze and the “Life of Saint Nino.” Theideological text of the legitimization of the Renovatio imperii in 12th

century Bulgaria was lost, but we can get closer to its contentsthrough the narration by the Byzantine author Nicetas Choniatesof the rebellion of the Assenid brothers in the north of the HaemusMountains in Bulgaria.

On the basis of these texts, I am trying to present the idea of thepresence of God perceived in three aspects: as a blood kinship withKing David; through creating some replicas of the biblical holyplaces (and especially of the Home of God like the Temple, the Ark,etc.) each in their own country; and through Our Lady and theEcumenical church perceived as the abode of Lord. My aim is totrace the development of the Old Testament images and ideas in aChristian milieu.

Ivan Biliarsky, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, SofiaAndrew W. Mellon Fellow

Ivan Biliarsky

Anne D. Kilmer, Professor Emerita of Ancient NearEastern Languages, History, Literature and Music,

University of California at Berkeley and former Albright Fellow visits the Institute.

FRIENDS OF THE ALBRIGHT

I wish to become a “Friend of the Albright” insupport of the ongoing activities and programs of theInstitute, and of the important role of the Albright as apremier center of American scholarship.

Annual Membership CategoriesStudent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to $49Associate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50 to $249Friend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $250 to $499Director’s Circle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $500 to $999President’s Council . . . . . . . . . . . $1,000 to $2,500Special Gifts . . . information available upon request

Enclosed is my tax deductible annual contribution inthe category of ______________________________

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Become a “Friend of the Albright” today!Visit our new website: www.aiar.org

Please make check payable to the “AIAR/Friends of the Albright” and mail to:

Sam Cardillo, Comptroller Albright Institute of Archaeological Research P. O. Box 40151 • Philadelphia, PA 19106

The W. F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research – AIAR – is a private, non-profit educational research institution registered as a tax-

exempt 501©3 organization in the United States. All contributions are tax deductible.

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IN MEMORIAM

AVRAHAM BIRAN(1910-2008)

After 70 years of an extraordinary career in archaeology andin service to the State of Israel, Avraham Biran (Bergman) diedin Jerusalem on September 16, 2008, just one month short ofhis 99th birthday.

Biran was the first Ph.D. candidate of W. F. Albright (thefather of Biblical Archaeology) at Johns Hopkins Universitywhere he earned his degree. In 1935 and 1936, he held thedistinguished Thayer Fellowship at the American School ofOriental Research in Jerusalem, today, the W.F. AlbrightInstitute of Archaeological Research. During that period, heparticipated in the excavations at Tepe Gawra and at Khafaje inIraq and also accompanied Nelson Glueck on his epic-makingdiscoveries in the Gulf of Eilat.

In the years that followed, Biran served as District Officer inthe Galilee under the British Mandatory Government ofPalestine and in 1946, was appointed the Mandatory DistrictOfficer for Jerusalem. Following the War of Independence in1949, he was appointed Chief Administrator, that is, Governorof Jerusalem. Subsequently, he served as Consul General ofIsrael in Los Angeles and as the Director of Armistice Affairs inthe Foreign Ministry.

In 1961, he returned to his first love, archaeology, when hebecame the Director of the Israel Department of Antiquitiesand Museums. It was then that Biran made one of his mostsignificant contributions to the field of archaeology. Throughhis encouragement and influence, the first large-scale Americanexcavations since World War II were undertaken in Israel,including among others, projects at Gezer, Hesi and Caesarea.When the history of American archaeology in Israel is written,Avraham Biran will be remembered for establishing aproductive relationship and an enduring bond between Israeliand American archaeologists, which continue to grow to thisday to the benefit of the archaeology of ancient Israel.

In 1974, Biran began his long-term directorship of theNelson Glueck School of Biblical Archaeology in Jerusalem.For many years he also served as the Chairman of the IsraelExploration Society. During that time, he conductedexcavations at Aroer in the Negev, one of the most important7th century sites in Southern Judah, and at Ira and Anathoth.His project at Tel Dan, begun in 1966, is the longest ongoingexcavations in Israel. It has produced some of the richestassemblages of material culture ever uncovered in Israel andone of the most important finds of the 20th century, the Houseof David Inscription. In recognition of his many contributionsto the field of Biblical Archaeology, he was awarded theprestigious Israel Prize in 2002.

Avraham Biran was well respected and admired by hiscolleagues, staff and the hundreds of students who worked withhim on his excavations. His love of archaeology, his charismaticpersonality, his wit, his unrivaled gift for story-telling broughtto life the “dry bones” of his scientific work and helpedtransform it into a vivid appreciation of the history of ancientIsrael. May his memory be for a blessing.

Sy Gitin

DAVID NOEL FREEDMAN(1922-2008)

David Noel Freedman, who died on April 8, 2008, wasDirector of the Albright Institute (1976-77) and long-termAlbright Trustee. He was also the last director of the AmericanSchool of Oriental Research (1969-1970) before it wasrenamed the W. F. Albright Institute. Freedman earned hisPh.D. at Johns Hopkins University under W.F. Albright in1948 by writing two dissertations together with Frank M.Cross Junior, which were later published as The Evolution ofEarly Hebrew Orthography and Studies in Ancient YahwisticPoetry. One of W.F. Albright’s most successful students,Freedman made an important contribution to the fields ofbiblical and Near Eastern studies, having authored and editedmore than 470 books and articles on the Hebrew Bible, theNew Testament, the Dead Sea Scrolls and archaeology. Amongthe most important volumes for which he served as editor wasthe Anchor Bible Series. Most recently, he was an editor of theLeningrad Codex: A Facsimile Edition, which provided a copy ofthe world’s oldest complete Hebrew Bible to students andscholars as well as to religious and secular institutions.

Freedman had a number of important appointments atdistinguished seminaries and universities, among which werethe Pittsburgh Theological Seminary, the GraduateTheological Union in Berkeley and the University ofMichigan. In his last position, from 1986 until his death, heheld the Endowed Chair in Hebrew and Biblical Studies at theUniversity of California, San Diego. He also served asPresident of the Society of Biblical Literature (1975-1976),Editor of the Journal of Biblical Literature (1955-1959), theBulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (1974-1978) and of the Biblical Archaeologist (1976-1982).

A strong supporter of the Albright and the Institute’s workin Israel Noel, as he was known by his colleagues, became aclose personal friend when I was at the Glueck School inJerusalem and he was at the Albright in the late 1970s. He wasin all things a consummate competitor. I will always rememberhow he used to call me at 3 am and ask if I was awake. Ofcourse, by that time, I was. Apparently, he was up because hehad to put drops in his eyes every four hours or so. In any case,he would invite me to meet him at the tennis court at theYMCA where we would play a couple of sets. Noel, who wasa number of years older than I, would invariably beat me withgreat joy.

One of my strongest memories of Noel was his compulsionto write unending thank-you letters. No correspondence wentunanswered. I remember the last time we had a longcorrespondence. It was about an object of which he wanted meto help him obtain photographs. After I had sent him thephotographs, he wrote a thank-you letter, which Iacknowledged. He then sent me another thank-you letter forthe acknowledgement. I made the mistake of acknowledgingthat thank-you note for which I received another thank you.At that point, I ended the correspondence.

Continued on page 18 – David Noel Freedman

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Noel was also a director who was to be admired for hisdetermined leadership. Although I was not present at the time,the story which I heard (and which may be apocryphal) was thatNoel had suggested to the ASOR Trustees a number of times topave the driveway that led around the School to the parking lotin the rear of the facility. Both the driveway and the parking lotwere surfaced with small stones. As the Trustees had not agreedto fund the project, two weeks before Noel was to complete hisdirectorship, he had the driveway and parking lot paved, sentthe bill to the Trustees and went home.

Noel was indeed a remarkable person, who will be missedby friends, colleagues and students and by the world ofscholarship to which he devoted his life.

Sy Gitin

JOHN STRUGNELL(1930-2007)

John Strugnell, former editor-in-chief of the Dead Sea Scrollsproject and Professor of Christian Origins emeritus at HarvardDivinity School, died on November 30, 2007 at Mount AuburnHospital in Cambridge, Mass after a brief illness.

Born in Barnet, England on May 25, 1930, Strugnell attendedSt. Paul’s School in London and read Semitic languages atOxford. He was appointed by Father Roland de Vaux to the Cave4 publication team in 1954 and spent the rest of his scholarlycareer deciphering and editing Scroll manuscripts. His majoreditorial accomplishments include Miqsat Ma’asê ha-Torah (withElisha Qimron) and 4QInstruction (with Daniel J. Harrington).In 1984 Strugnell became editor-in-chief of the Scrollspublication project and was instrumental in widening the circleof scholars working on the Cave 4 manuscripts, including for thefirst time Jewish scholars and women. He was forced to resignfrom his position in 1991, in the wake of a scandal brought onby mental illness.

Strugnell taught at the University of Chicago and DukeUniversity, and in 1966 was appointed Professor of ChristianOrigins at Harvard Divinity School. He was a NationalEndowment for the Humanities fellow at the Albright Institutein the 1980s. He will be remembered as a devoted teacher andmentor to many students, devoting countless hours to discussionand critique of their work, whether in Dead Sea Scrolls studies,early Jewish literature and history, New Testament, or Greco-Roman antiquity.

In Jerusalem, where he spent half of each year in the latter partof his career, he trained a younger generation of Scrolls scholars,giving generously of his time and expertise. During this timemany fellows from the Albright Institute found their way to hisstudy at the École Biblique to discuss their work or simply toenjoy conversation. In all his interactions with students andyoung scholars, he displayed his enormous erudition, ready wit,and caring nature. His students, of whom I count myself one,will be his true legacy to scholarship.

Strugnell is survived by a sister, five children, and fivegrandchildren.

Sidnie White Crawford

“EL-HAKAM”LAWRENCE EDMUND TOOMBS

(1919-2007)Rev. Dr. Lawrence Edmund Toombs, a former Albright

Fellow and Annual Professor, passed away on 14 December2007 in Kitchener, Ontario, at the age of 88. Anyone involvedin the archaeology of Israel and Jordan from the 1950’s throughthe 1980’s would have known Larry as the master stratigrapherand a ceramics expert par excellence. He was a dear friend andcolleague to many and a teacher to us all.

A native of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Larryearned a B.A. and B.Sc. from Acadia University in Nova Scotia,and after serving as a meteorologist in the World War II, hereceived a B.D. from Pine Hill Divinity Hall in Halifax prior tohis ordination by the Maritime Conference of the UnitedChurch of Canada. He earned a Ph.D. in Old Testamentstudies at Drew University in Madison, New Jersey in 1951,and in 1953 he joined Drew’s faculty in the Theological School,where he remained until 1968.

It was during his years at Drew that Larry was drawn intoarchaeology as part of the Drew-McCormick Expedition toShechem (Tell Balata). Larry also had the opportunity to excavatewith Dame Kathleen Kenyon at Jericho for one season during1956-57. This allowed him to learn the “Wheeler-Kenyon”technique of excavation. Afterwards, he brought thismethodology to the excavations at Shechem, where he taught itto G. Ernest Wright’s students who represented the nextgeneration of American archaeologists, and who went on todirect excavations at Gezer, Hesi, Caesarea, Lahav and Sepphoris.

From 1970-1983, Larry participated in a new project, theJoint Archaeological Expedition to Tell el-Hesi. During theseyears, he also participated in the Joint Expedition to CaesareaMaritima, where he continued to teach excavationmethodology and recording in such a manner that all (otherstaff members included) could learn while each could feel as ifhe or she had discovered these insights themselves. By then hewas teaching at Waterloo Lutheran University, soon to becomeWilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario, where heremained until his retirement in 1984, at which time hebecame Professor Emeritus. While at Wilfrid Laurier, heinfluenced another generation of archaeological students andwas awarded the Wilfrid Laurier University OutstandingTeacher Award of 1980.

In the course of his career, Larry spent two sabbatical years atthe American Schools of Oriental Research (ASOR) inJerusalem, (now the W. F. Albright Institute of ArchaeologicalResearch) in 1956-57 and at the Albright Institute in 1975-76.Larry also served as a Trustee of ASOR, was a crucial participantin the creation of ASOR’s Committee on Archaeological Policy,and later served as a Trustee of the Albright Institute.

Larry is survived by his wife Carol, their combined sixchildren, and grandchildren. We all shall miss his insights, hisbawdy humor, and his dear friendship.

Jeff Blakely

Continued from page 17 – David Noel Freedman

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The newly renovated bathroom in the Garden Apartment

ALBRIGHT ALUMNI

ANNUAL APPEAL

Thanks to all of you for the wonderful response to lastyear’s Alumni Campaign which brought in a total of $6,560in contributions that were eligible for the NEH match. Thefunds were used to help transform the “Common Room” intothe “Uncommon Room”. Renovations were completed thissummer with the installation of an air conditioning/heatingsystem; new double-paned windows with new curtains. Alarge drop-down electrically-operated screen, an amplifyingsystem, microphone and speaker were purchased for thisroom which doubles as a lecture hall.

Contributions to this year’s Alumni Appeal will also beeligible for the NEH match. These funds will help defray thecost of a much needed

“GARDEN APARTMENT MAKEOVER.”

The work was carried out this summer. It included renovatingthe bathroom, updating the kitchen with the installation of anew sink, new cabinets and the addition of a new washer-dryer on the premises.

Please send your check made out to AIAR/Alumni AnnualAppeal, with NEH Challenge Grant noted in the memosection to:

Sam Cardillo, ComptrollerAlbright Institute of Archaeological ResearchP.O. Box 40151, Philadelphia, PA 19106.

The W.F. Albright Institute of Archeological Research – AIAR – isregistered as a tax-exempt 501©3 organization in the United States.

All contributions are tax deductible.

8TH ANNUAL

SEAN W. DEVER MEMORIAL PRIZE

The William F. Albright Institute of ArchaeologicalResearch in Jerusalem announces the 2009 Sean W. DeverMemorial Prize call for papers. This prize provides $650 forthe best published article or paper presented at a conferenceby a Ph.D. candidate in Syro-Palestinian or biblicalarchaeology. Authors may be of any nationality but thearticles or papers must be in English. All submissions mustinclude the academic affiliation of the author and her/hismailing and email addresses and phone number. Submissionof conference papers must include the name of the conferenceand the date when the paper was presented. Submissionsmust be received by December 31, 2008. Announcement ofthe prize will be made on Sean’s birthday, March 9, 2009.

Send six (6) print copies to:Mr. Sam CardilloW. F. Albright Institute of Archeological ResearchP.O. Box 40151 Philadelphia, PA 19106Email: cardillo@sas.upenn.edu.

The Sean W. Dever Memorial Prize was established in2001 by Professor William G. Dever and Mrs. Norma Deverin memory of their son Sean. It is given annually to a pre-doctoral student in Ancient Near Eastern archaeology.

Last year’s recipient was James F. Osborne of HarvardUniversity for his paper entitled “The Bench Tomb in IronAge Judah: Secondary Mortuary Practice and Social Values”and presented to him at the 2007 Annual Meeting of theAmerican Schools of Oriental Research.

NEW DOCTORALDISSERTATION FELLOWSHIP

AT THE ALBRIGHT

We are pleased to announce theestablishment of the Eric and Carol MeyersDoctoral Dissertation Fellowship at theAlbright Institute. This fellowship offers a$5,000 stipend for two months which includesroom and half-board at the Institute. Eligibility isfor doctoral students whose research involves thestudy of archaeology and society in the biblical orearly post-biblical periods. Topics dealing withsociety at the household level are encouraged.

For further information check the Albrightwebsite www.aiair.org or contact Dr. Joan R.Branham, Chair Albright Fellowship Committeejbranham@providence.edu.

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Roman Thought, ed. J. T. Fitzgerald, Routledge Monographs inClassical Studies, London and New York: Routledge; and of his book Apocalypticism, Prophecy, and Magic in Early Christianity:Collected Essays. WUNT 199, Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck.

* Jill Baker, Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow (2003-2004),Post-Doctoral Fellow (2004-2005), Ernest S. Frerichs Fellow/Program Coordinator (2005-2006), Post-Doctoral Fellow (2006-2007) on her marriage to John Tidy in Florida in April.

* Tristan Barako, Research Fellow (1997-1998), United StatesInformation Agency Junior Research Fellow (1998-1999) onthe publication of the volume Tel Mor – The Moshe Dothan Excavations, 1959-1960, Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority Reports 32, which he edited, and of his articles “Amphoras Through the Ages” in Ashkelon, Volume 1: Introduction and Overview (1985–2006) (Harvard SemiticMuseum Publications, Final Reports of the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon), eds. L.E. Stager, J.D. Schloen, and D.M. Master, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns; “Coexistence and Impermeability: Egyptians and Philistines in Southern Canaan during the Twelfth Century BCE” in The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean inthe Second Millennium B.C. III. Proceedings of the SCIEM 2000 – 2nd EuroConference, Vienna 28th of May – 1st of June2003, eds. M. Bietak and E. Czerny, Vienna: ÖsterreichischenAkademie der Wissenschaften; Review of Jerusalem in Bible and Archaeology: The First Temple Period, eds. A.G. Vaughn andA.E. Killebrew, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 67/1; and on his appointment as Associate Producer for the two-hour documentary, “The Bible's Buried Secrets”, an archaeological and literary investigation of the Hebrew Bible, to appear on PBS/NOVA and National Geographic International.

* Andrea Berlin, Samuel H. Kress Foundation Fellow (1984-1985) on the publication of her article “Khirbet el-Hawarit: A Ceramic Workshop on the Mt. Hermon Slopes” (with Moshe Hartal and Nicholas Hudson) in ‘Atiqot 59; and a review of Rachel Bar-Nathan, Masada VII. The Yigael Yadin Excavations 1963-1965. Final Reports: The Pottery of Masada, Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 2006 in Theologische Literaturzeitung 133.

* Ivan Biliarsky, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (2007-2008) on thepublication of the volume The Biblical Models of Power and Law/Les Modèles Bibliques Du Pouvoir Et Du Droit: Paper of theInternational Conference, Bucharest, New Europe College, 2005, which he co-edited with Radu G. Paun, vol. 366, Peter Lang.

* Octavian Bounegru, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (2005-2006)on the publication of his articles “Le Pont Gauche et Rome:Traditions Hellenistiques et Modèles Commerciaux Romains” in Classica et Christiana 2; “La Basilique Épiscopale – Les Résultats des Fouilles,” “La Basilique Épiscopale – Eléments de Décoration Intérieure” (with I. Iatcu), “Analogies, Utilisation et Répartition de l’Espace Sacré,” in Histria XIII, ed. A. Suceveanu; “The pedological stratification effect of corrosion and contamination products on byzantine bronze artefacts,” Corrosion Engineering Science and Technology, Maney Publishing.

Continued on page 21 – Alumni News

ALUMNI NEWS

CONGRATULATIONS TO:

* Tzvi Abush, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (2003-2004) on the publication of his chapters “Witchcraft Literature in Mesopotamia” in Babylonian World,ed. G. Leick, London and New York: Routledge; “Witchcraft,Impotence, and Indigestion” in Disease in Babylonia, eds. I. L. Finkel and M. J. Geller, Leiden: Brill; “Zum Geleit” xiii-xviin D. Schwemer, Abwehrzauber und Behexung. Studien zum Schadenzauberglauben im alten Mesopotamien (Unter Benutzungvon Tzvi Abuschs Kritischem Katalog und Sammlungen im Rahmen des Kooperationsprojektes Corpus of Mesopotamian Anti-Witchcraft), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.

* Abbas Alizadeh, Post-Doctoral Ashkelon Fellow (1990- 1991) on the publication of “A Cappadocian Cylinder Seal”in Ashkelon 1, Introduction and Overview (1985- 2006), eds.L. Stager, J. D. Schloen, and D. M. Master, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

* Mitchell Allen, Ashkelon Fellow (1989-1990), Research Fellow (1991-1993) on the publication of “Regional Archaeological Survey” in a chapter on “Regional SettlementHistory” in Ashkelon 1, Introduction and Overview (1985-2006), eds. L. Stager, J. D. Schloen, and D. M. Master, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

* Donald Ariel, Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow (2004-2005) on the publication of his articles “Finds from the Hellenistic ‘Favissa’ at `Akko-Ptolemais” (with Natalie Messika) in `Atiqot 57; “Coins” (with Robert Kool) in The Dead Sea Scrolls, eds. H. Katz, S. Sadeh and M. Segal, Jerusalem; “Chemical Composition of the Isfiya and Qumran Coin Hoards” (with Michael Notis, Aaron Shugar and Danny Herman) in Archaeological Chemistry: Analytical Techniques and Archaeological Interpretation (American Chemical Society Symposium Series 968), eds, M.D. Glascock, R.J. Speakman and R.S. Popelka-Filcoff, Washington, DC; “A Stamped Amphora Handle and a Herodian Coin” in Tel Mor: The Moshe Dothan Excavations 1959–1960 (IAA Reports 32), ed. T.J. Barako, Jerusalem; and on the book which he edited The Dead Sea Scrolls (withH. Katz, S. Sadeh and M. Segal), Jerusalem.

* David Aune, Annual Professor (2002-2003) on being named the Walter Professor of Theology, an Endowed Chairat the University of Notre Dame; on the publication of TheNew Testament and Early Christian Literature in Greco-RomanContext: Studies in Honor of David E. Aune, ed, J. Fotopoulos,Supplements to Novum Testamentum 122, Leiden: Brill; and of his articles “The Spirit is Willing, but the Flesh is Weak (Mark 14:38b and Matt. 26:41b)” in Reading Religionsin the Ancient World: Essays Presented to Robert McQueen Grant on his 90th Birthday, which he edited with R. DarlingYoung (Supplements to Novum Testamentum 125; Leiden: Brill); “Apophthegm” (1.204), “Gospels” (2.637-38) and “Lists, Ethical,” in New Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible; Nashville: Abingdon; “Christian Beginnings and Cognitive Dissonance Theory” in In Other Words: Essays on the Social Science Methods and the New Testament in Honor of Jerome H.Neyrey, eds. A. C. Hagedorn, Z.A. Crook, and E.Steward, The Social World of Biblical Antiquity, Second Series, 1, Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press; “The Problem of the Passions in Cynicism” in Passions and Moral Progress in Greco-

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* James Charlesworth, Annual Professor (1998-1999) on the publication of his book The Historical Jesus, Abingdon Essential Guides; and of his articles “Abraham’s Children: Is There a Future for Jews, Christians, and Muslims?” in From Biblical Criticism to Biblical Faith: Essay in Honor of Lee Martin McDonald, eds. W.H. Brackney and C.A. Evans, Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press; “‘God Made Him Powerful in the Holy Spirit’: Psalms of Solomon 17.37,” in The Psalms of Solomon: A Critical Edition of the Greek Text, byRobert B. Wright, Jewish and Christian Texts in Contexts and Related Studies, vol. 1. New York and London: T & T Clark International; “Can We Discern the Composition Date of the Parables of Enoch?” in Enoch and the Messiah Sonof Man: Revisiting the Book of Parables, ed. G. Boccaccini, et al., Grand Rapids and Cambridge, UK: Eerdmans; “MemorialMinute: Bruce Manning Metzger, February 9, 1914, to February 13, 2007,” The Princeton Seminary Bulletin 28/1; “Introducing David Flusser’s Jesus,” in The Sage from Galilee: Rediscovering Jesus’ Genius, eds. D. Flusser with R. S. Notley, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans; “Dead Sea Scrolls: How They Changed my Life” in Biblical Archaeology Review; “Bruce Manning Metzger (1914-2007)” in Henoch 29/2; “The Rotas-Sator Square” in Text and Community: Essay in Memoryof Bruce M. Metzger, eds. J. H. Ellens, Text and Community, Vol. 1. New Testament Monographs 19, Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press; “Return to the Sources in Twenty-first-centuryMethodist Ecclesiology: John Wesley’s Ecclesiology in the Light of New Insights into the New Testament and Its Environment” in Orthodox and Wesleyan Ecclesiology, ed. S T Kimbrough, Jr., Crestwood, N.J.: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press; “The Naming of the Son of Man, the Light, the Son ofGod: How the Parables of Enoch May Have Influenced the Odes of Solomon” in “I Sowed Fruits into Hearts” (Odes Sol. 17:13): Festschrift for Professor Michael Lattke, eds. P. Allen, M. Franzmann, and R. Strelan, Early Christian Studies 12, Strathfield, NSW: St. Paul’s Publications; Reviews: A. H. Becker and A. Yoshiko Reed, The Ways that Never Parted: Jewsand Christians in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Minneapolis: Fortress, PSB; E. Tov, Scribal Practices and Approaches Reflected in the Texts Found in the Judean Desert in The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 69; L. Devillers. La Fête de l’Envoyé: La Section Johannique de la Fête des Tentes (Jean 7, 1-10, 21) et la Christologie, (Études Bibliques, N.S. No. 49, Paris:J. Gabalda, 2002 in Princeton Seminary Bulletin 28/2; S. E. Porter, The Messiah in the Old and New Testaments, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, in Princeton Seminary Bulletin 28/2, eds. S.M. Paul, R. A. Kraft, L. H. Schiffman, and W. W. Fields (withE. Ben-David); Emanual: Studies in Hebrew Bible, Septuagint,and Dead Sea Scrolls in Honor of Emanuel Tov (Supplements toVetus Testamentum 94, Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2003) in Princeton Seminary Bulletin 28/2.

* Joelle Cohen, Research Fellow (1989-1990) on the publication of her chapter “Aspects of Islamic-Period Pottery”(with Miriam Rosen-Ayalon) in Ashkelon 1, Introduction andOverview (1985-2006), eds. L. Stager, J. D. Schloen, and D.M. Master, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

* Susan Cohen, United States Information Fellow (2000- 2001), Post-Doctoral Fellow (2002-2006), Senior Fellow (2006-2007) and current Albright Trustee, and Yosef Garfinkel, Miqne Excavation Fellow (1989-1990), ResearchFellow (1990-1991), Bloomingdale Foundation Fellow

* Baruch Brandl, Research Fellow (1997-2008) on the publication of his chapters “Glyptics” in Tel Mor: The Moshe Dothan Excavations, 1959-1960, Israel Antiquities Authority Reports 32, ed. T. Barako et al., Jerusalem; “Canaanite and Egyptian Scarabs from Area R” in Excavations at Tell Beth-Shean 1989-1996 II: The Middle Bronze Age Strata in Area R.Jerusalem, eds., A. Mazar and R.A. Mullins, Jerusalem; “Fragmentary Votive Naos-Shaped Systrum” (with Robert Steven Bianchi) in Sounds of Ancient Music, ed. J.G. Westenholz, Bible Land Museum Jerusalem.

* Eliot Braun, Senior Fellow (2005-2008) on the publication of his article “Appraising South Levantine-Egyptian Interaction: Recent Discoveries from Israel and Egypt” (withEdwin C.M. van den Brink) in Egypt at its Origins 2 – Proceedings of the International Conference “Origin of the State. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt”, Toulouse (France), 5th-8th September, 2005, Orientalia Lovaniensia, Analecta 172, eds. B. Midant-Reynes and Y. Tristant with thecollaboration of J. Rowland and S. Hendrickx, Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, Leuven – Paris – Dudley, MA.

* Karen Britt, Samuel H. Kress Fellow (2000-2001) and Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow (2006-2007) on thepublication of her report “Heaven on Earth: The Role of Architectural Decoration in the Creation of Sacred Space in Early Byzantine Palestine and Arabia” in the American Schoolsof Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4.

* Aaron Brody, George A. Barton Fellow (1992-1993), DorotFoundation Fellow (1993-1994), United States Information Agency Junior Research Fellow (1995-1996) and current Albright Trustee on the publication of “Late Bronze Age Intramural Tombs” in Ashkelon 1, Introduction and Overview(1985-2006), eds. L. Stager, J. D. Schloen, and D. M. Master, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

* Nicolo Bucaria, Research Fellow (1994-1995) on the publication of his articles “Le sinagoghe e i Miqweh di Palermo alla luce dei documenti e delle scoperte archeologiche”(with David Cassuto) in Archivio Storico Siciliano, s. IV, vol.XXXI and “Familienstrukturen als Wirtschaftsfaktor und Solidaritätsnetzwerk bei den Juden Siziliens im frühen und späten Mittelalter” in Translokale und interregionale Beziehungen aschkenasischer Juden während des Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit, ed. J. R. Müller, Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover.

* Scott Bucking, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (2005-2006) on receiving a Cotton Fellowship for 2008/09 to work on his project, “Towards an Archaeology ofABC’s: Contextualizing Hebrew, Greek and Latin Alphabet-Inscriptions from the Southern Levant”, and an award from the National Endowment for the Humanities for research at the American Research Center in Egypt.

* Mariusz Burdajewicz, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (2006-2007) on the publication of his report “Glass Finds from Hippos/Sussita (Israeli-Polish Excavations, 2000-2006)” in the American Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4.

* Sam Cardillo, Albright‘s Assistant Treasurer and Comptroller,and his wife Debbie on the marriage of their son Joseph to Rachel Hathaway in August.

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Dynamic Settlement History of Philistine Ekron: A Case Study of Central Place Theory;” Barry Gittlen, ASOR/W.F. Albright Fellow (1969-1970), National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (1988-1989), Senior Fellow (2003-2004) and former Albright Trustee “Sailing Up to Ekron: A NauticalSeal from Tel Miqne-Ekron;” Aren Maeir, Senior Fellow (2005-2008) “A Tale of Two Tells: A Comparative Perspective on Tel Miqne-Ekron and Tell es-Safi/Gath in Light of Recent Archaeological Research” (with Joe Uziel); Lawrence Stager, former Albright Trustee “A Pictorial Krater from Philistine Ashkelon” (with Penelope Mountjoy); Jane Waldbaum, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (1989-1990),Dorot Research Professor (1990-1991) “A Wild Goat OinochoeSherd from Tel Miqne-Ekron;” Oded Borowski, Annual Professor (1987-1988), (1995-1996) and (2005-2006), DorotResearch Professor (1991-1992), Senior Fellow (1998-1999) and current Albright Trustee “Burial Customs in Southern Judah: The Case of Tel Halif;” William G. Dever, former Albright Director (1971-1975), and former Albright Trustee “Archaeology and the Fall of the Northern Kingdom: What Really Happened;” Larry Herr, Annual Professor (1993-1994)“The Late Iron Age I Ceramic Assemblage from Tall al-`Umayri, Jordan;” Joe Seger, former Albright President (1988-1994) and Trustee “Glimpses of the Iron Age I at Tel Halif” (with Paul F. Jacobs); Ann Killebrew, Dorot Foundation Fellow (1983-1984), Research Fellow (1984-1985), Research Associate (1985-1986), Dorot Foundation Fellow/Miqne Excavation Fellow (1986-1992), James A. Montgomery Fellow(1992-1993), United States Information Agency Junior Research Fellow (1993-1994), Samuel H. Kress Foundation Fellow (1994-1995), Research Fellow (1995-1999), Post-Doctoral Fellow (1999-2000), and National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (2006-2007) “The Canaanite Storage Jar Revisited;” Jodi Magness, George A. Barton Fellow (1984-1985), James A. Montgomery Fellow (1985-1986), Samuel H.Kress Foundation Fellow (1986-1987), Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (1987-1988), Research Fellow (1988-1990), United States Information Agency (USIA) Summer Scholar in Residence(1996-1997) and former Albright Trustee, “Why Ossuaries?;” Eric Meyers, Albright Director, (1975-1976) and former Trustee, “Jewish Art in the Greco-Roman Period: Were the Hasmonean and Herodian Eras Aniconic?;” Peter Vargyas, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (1998-2000) “Fakes Before Coins? On the Gold and Silver Hoards from Level V at Beth-Shean;”Sam Wolff, Post-Doctoral Fellow (1988-1993), Senior Fellow(1993-2002), (2005-2008) National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (1987-1988), (2003-2004) “Stone Pedestalled Bowls from the Late Bronze and Iron Ages in the Levant;” Baruch Halpern, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (1983-1984) “The False Torah of Jeremiah8 in the Context of Seventh Century BCE Pseudepigraphy: The First Documented Rejection of Tradition;” Philip J. King,National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (1985-1986)“David Defeats Goliath;” Mark S. Smith, Research Fellow (1983-1984), Annual Professor (1985-1986), Post-Doctoral Fellow (1987-1990), Dorot Foundation/Dead Sea Scrolls Fellow (1990-1991) and current Albright Trustee “Ostraca andother Epigraphic Materials from Tell el-Hesi;” John Spencer, Annual Professor (1984-1985), USIA Summer Fellow (1995-1996) and current Albright Trustee “Ostraca and other Epigraphic Materials from Tell el-Hesi;” Piotr Bienkowski, Annual Professor (1999-2000) “Landscape, Identity, and Reciprocal Relations: The Wadi Arabah as Relationship and Discourse;” Ziony Zevit, National Endowment for the

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(1991-1992) and Post-Doctoral Fellow (1997-1999) for editing and contributing to the volume The Middle Bronze Age IIA Cemetery at Gesher: Final Report, Vol. 62, American Schools of Oriental Research, Boston, MA; and on being awarded the Montana State University President’s Award for Excellence in Teaching.

* Robert Darby, Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow (2007-2008) on his forthcoming mariage to Erin Kuhns, Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow (2007-2008) and onbeing awarded the Samuel H. Kress Fellowship in the Art and Archaeology of Jordan at ACOR for 2008-09.

* Benjamin Dolinka, Ernest S. Frerichs Fellow/Program Coordinator on the publication of his report “Re-Assessmentof the Rudolph Cohen Excavations at Horvat Dafit in Light of Recent Research” in the American Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4.

* Jan Dusek, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (2006-2007) on the publication of his report “Epigraphic Evidence for the Historyof Samaria in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Periods” in the American Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4.

* Jennie Ebeling, Fulbright Hayes Fellow (1998-1999) on being granted tenure and promoted to Associate Professor ofArchaeology at the University of Evansville, and on the publication of the book which she co-edited (with Yorke Rowan) New Approaches to Old Stones: Recent Studies of Ground Stone Artifacts by Equinox.

* Yosef Garfinkel, Miqne Excavation Fellow (1989-1990), Research Fellow (1990-1991), Bloomingdale Foundation Fellow (1991-1992) and Post-Doctoral Fellow (1997-1999) onthe publication of Neolithic Ashkelon (with Doron Dag) in Qedem 47, Jerusalem: Hebrew University; and of The Prehistoryof Israel (with Ofer Bar-Yosef), Jerusalem: Ariel (Hebrew).

* Shimon Gibson, Post-Doctoral Fellow (1996-2002), SeniorFellow (2002-2008) on organizing a one-day conference “British Groundbreakers in the Archaeology of the Holy Land” under the auspices of the Centre for British Researchin the Levant at the Kenyon Institute (formerly the British School of Archaeology) with Stephen Rosenberg, Post-Doctoral Fellow (2004-2008) and Yuri Stoyanov, Senior Fellow (2006-2008) with the participation of British, Israeliand Palestinian scholars.

* Seymour (Sy) Gitin, Dorot Director (from 1994) and Professor of Archaeology (from 1979) on the publication of the Festschrift “Up to the Gates of Ekron" (1 Samuel 17:52): Essays on the Archaeology and History of the Eastern Mediterraneanin Honor of Seymour Gitin, eds. S. W. Crawford, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (1989-1990), Dorot Foundation/Dead Sea Scrolls Fellow (1990-1991), former Albright President and current Trustee, A. Ben-Tor, J.P. Dessel, Richard J. Scheuer Fellow (1985-1986) and current Albright Trustee, W.G. Dever, Albright Director (1971-1975)and former Albright Trustee, A. Mazar, and J. Aviram, Jerusalem: W.F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research and Israel Exploration Society. The following Albright Fellows, Trustees and Miqne Staff contributed to the volume.Trude Dothan, Senior Fellow (1994-2008) and David Ben-Shlomo, Research Fellow (2001-2006) “Ceramic Pomegranates and their Relationship to Iron Age Cult;” YosefGarfinkel, Miqne Excavation Fellow (1989-1990), ResearchFellow (1990-1991), Bloomingdale Foundation Fellow (1991-1992) and Post-Doctoral Fellow (1997-1999), “The

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Humanities Fellow (1986-1987), Senior Fellow/Guggenheim Fellow (1994-1995) and former Albright Trustee “Text Traditions, Archaeology and Anthropology: Uncertainties in Determining the Populations of Judah and Yehud from ca. 734to ca. 400 BCE”; Patty Gerstenblith, Fulbright Hayes Fellow(1975-1976), former Albright President and Trustee “Ninevehas a Microcosm of the Effect of War on Iraq’s Cultural Heritage;” and Carol Meyers, J. Henry Thayer Fellow (1975-1976) former Albright Vice President and current Trustee, “Peopling the Past: Gender and Representation in Syro-Palestinian Archaeology.”

* Andrew David Gross, Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow (2002-2003) and his wife Jill on the birth of their daughter Shulamit Louise; on Andrew’s appointment as Assistant Professor of Semitic Philology at the Catholic University of America in Washington DC; and on the publication of his article “Continuity and Innovation in theAramaic Legal Tradition” in Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism, 128; Brill.

* Tibor Grull, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (2002-2003) and (2004-2005) on the publication of his book in Hungarian: ’Az utolsó birodalom. Az imperium Romanum természetrajza’, Budapest: Typotex. [The Last Empire. The Nature and Character of the Imperium Romanum]; “A Roman TriumphalArch on the Temple Mount,” in Minerva 18/2; and on being awarded the Bolyai János Annual Fellowship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences for 2008/09 in order to write a monograph on Josephus Flavius.

* Malka Hershkovitz, Research Fellow (2005-2008) on the publication of her articles “Pottery from the Roman Period at the Essene Site (Area H) in Ein Gedi Excavations II, FinalReport (1996-2002), ed. Y. Hirschfeld, Jerusalem, 2007; “The Gems from Masada” in Masada VII, The Yigael Yadin Excavations 1963-1965, Final Reports, Jerusalem.

* Brian Hesse, National Endowment for the Humanities (1984-1985) on the publication of his chapter “Zooarchaeological Procedures” (with Paula Wapnish), National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (1984-1985)in Ashkelon 1, Introduction and Overview (1985-2006), eds. L.Stager, J. D. Schloen, and D. M. Master, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

* Franak Hilloowala, National Endowment for the HumanitiesFellow (2002-2003) on her appointment as a Registrar in the new Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar, and helping to prepare the museum for the opening, scheduled for the end of 2008.

* Louise Hitchcock, Annual Professor (2006-2007) on joining the Academic Staff of the Centre for Jewish Studies at the University of Melbourne; on the publication of her Book Theory for Classics, London and New York: Routledge; of her articles “‘Do You See a Man Skillful in his Work? He Will Stand Before Kings’: Interpreting Architectural Influences in the Bronze Age Mediterranean” in Ancient Westand East. 7; “Naturalizing the Cultural: Architectonicized Landscape as Ideology in Minoan Crete” in Building Communities: House, Settlement and Society in the Aegean andBeyond, eds. R. Westgate, N. Fisher, and J. Whitley, Cardiff University, April 17-21, 2001, British School at Athens Studies 15; “Homer and Lakonian Topography: This is Whatthe Book Says, and This is What the Land Tells Us,” with Anne Chapin, in EPOS: Reconsidering Greek Epic and Aegean

Bronze Age Archaeology: proceedings of the 11th International Aegean Conference, UCLA, 2006 ,eds. S. P. Morris and R. Laffineur (Aegaeum 28); and of her report “Do You See a Man Skillful in His Work? He Will Stand Before Kings: Exploring Interconnections in Aegean and Levantine Architecture” in the American Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4.

* Michael Homan, United States Information Agency Fellow(2000-2001) on receiving tenure and being promoted to Associate Professor at Xavier University of Louisiana in New Orleans.

* Jozef Hudec, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (2000-2001) on serving as the Vice-Director of the Tell el-Retaba Archaeological Mission in its second season. (Tell el-Retaba is an important site in Wadi Tumilat in the Eastern Delta, about 35 km west of Ismailia in Egypt). The Mission is under the auspices of the Polish Center of Mediterranean Archaeology.

* Nicholas Hudson, Samuel H. Kress Joint Athens/JerusalemFellow (2003-2004) on his marriage to Caroline Padox, andon his appointment as Assistant Professor of Ancient Art at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington in the Department of Art and Art History.

* Laszlo Hunyadi, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (2006-2007) on the publication of his report “Biblical Hebrew – Spoken” in the American Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4.

* Izabela Jaruzelska, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (2003-2004),on her marriage to Israel Eph`al.

* Barbara Johnson, Director of Field Trips (1987-1988), National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (1987-1988), Senior Fellow (1988-2000) on the publication of thevolume Ashkelon 2 – Imported Pottery of the Roman and LateRoman Periods, eds., Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns; of thechapters “The Pottery in the Grid 38 Bathhouse,” and“Byzantine-Period Wine Jars and Their Distribution” (withLawrence E. Stager) in Ashkelon 1, Introduction and Overview (1985-2006), eds. L. Stager, J. D. Schloen, and D. M. Master, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2008.

* Wasfi Kailani, Research Fellow (2004-2005) on being awarded a Ph.D. in Sociology and Anthropology from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, writing on the subject of “Identities in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem: American Orthodox Jews Between the Holy andthe Mundane;” and on his appointment as a member of thefaculty at the Taub Center for Israel Studies, Hebrew and Judaic Studies, New York University.

* Isaac Kalimi, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (2007-2008) on being awarded the Zvi and Matilda Roifer Prize for the 2008 Annual Lecture from Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; and on the publication of his articles “Judea, Judeans,” “Lydia, Lydians,” and “Maaseiah,” in The New Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, Vol. 3, General Editor: K.D. Sakenfeld; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press; and “Response to R.W. Klein, ‘Promise and Fulfillment,’” in Covenantal Conversations: Christians in Dialogue with Jews and Judaism, ed. D. Jodock, Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press.

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* Ann Killebrew, Dorot, Research, Miqne, Montgomery, USIA, Kress, Post-Doctoral Fellow (1983-2000) and National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (2006-2007) on the publication of her report “Tel Miqne-Ekron –Iron Age I – Industrial and Cultic Areas in Field INE” in theAmerican Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4.

* Timothy Laniak, Annual Professor (2003-2004) on the publication of his book While Shepherds Watch Their Flocks:Reflections on Biblical Leadership, Downer’s Grove, IL: Intervarsity Press.

* Eric Lapp, Samuel H. Kress Foundation Fellow (1992-1993),Research Fellow (1993-1994), United States Information Agency Junior Research Fellow (1994-1995) and his wife Catherine on the birth of their son, Thomas Benjamin.

* Mary Larkum, Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow (2006-2007) on the publication of her report “Foodways and Ethnicity in the South Levantine Iron II (10th-8th

Centuries): A Microscopic Perspective” in the American Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4.

* Egon H. E. Lass, Research Fellow (1986-1989), Ashkelon Fellow (1989-1994) on the publication of a “Survey of Wells”in a chapter on “Water Wells,” and of “Soil Flotation and Quantative Analysis” in Ashkelon 1, Introduction and Overview (1985-2006), eds. L. Stager, J. D. Schloen, and D.M. Master, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

* Aleksandr M. Leskov, National Endowment for the Humanitites Fellow (2003-2004) on the publication of his book The Maikop Treasure, Philadelphia: PA: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.

* Justin Lev-Tov, United States Information Agency Junior Research Fellow (1996-1997), and Miqne Excavation Fellow(1997-1999) on the publication of his article “Working Bones: A Unique Iron Age IIA Bone Workshop from Tell es-Safi/Gath” (with L. Horwitz, J.R. Chadwick,S.J. Wimmer and A. M. Maier) in Near Eastern Archaeology 69 and on being awarded the ASOR Open Archaeology Prize for the publication of Hazor Zooarchaeology.

* Nathaniel B. Levtow, Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow (2001-2002) on his appointment as Assistant Professor at the University of Montana in Missoula in the Liberal Studies Program.

* Jack Lundbom, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (1997-1998) and (2004-2005) on his appointments as Visiting Scholar at the University of Chicago Divinity School for 2008-2009, and at the Lutheran Theological Seminary in Hong Kong for 2009-2010; and on the publication of his articles “God in Your Grace Transform the World” in Currents in Theology and Mission 34; “The Lion Has Roared: Rhetorical Structure in Amos 1:2-3:8” in Milk and Honey [Essays on Ancient Israel and the Bible in Appreciation of the Judaic Studies Program at the University of California, San Diego], eds. S. Malena and D. Miano, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns; and a Review of Georg Braulik’s Studien zu den Methoden der Deuteronomiumsexegese in Review of Biblical Literature.

* Dan Machiela, Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow (2005-2006) on his appointment as Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies at McMaster Universityin Hamilton, Ontario.

* Aren Maeir, Senior Fellow (2005-2008) on the publication of his chapter “The Bone Beverage Strainers” in the volume, The Middle Bronze Age IIA Cemetery at Gesher: Final Report, Vol. 62, American Schools of Oriental Research, Boston, MA.

* Jodi Magness, George A. Barton Fellow (1984-1985), James A. Montgomery Fellow (1985-1986), Samuel H. KressFoundation Fellow (1986-1987), Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (1987-1988), Research Fellow (1988-1990), United States Information Agency (USIA) Summer Scholar in Residence (1996-1997) and former Albright Trustee on the publicationof her articles “The Military Equipment from Masada” (withGuy D. Stiebel) in Masada VIII, The Yigael Yadin Excavations1963-1965, Final Reports, Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society; on receiving the 2008 Archaeological Institute of America Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching; and on being awarded the 2007-08 Fellowship from the Hetty Goldman Membership Fund for a research project on “Archaeological Expressions of Jewish Ritual Purity”.

* Philip Mayerson, Visiting Scholar (1987-1989) and former Albright Trustee on “The Wine of Ashkelon in Byzantine Texts” in Ashkelon 1, Introduction and Overview (1985-2006),eds. L. Stager, J. D. Schloen, and D. M. Master, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

* Tom McCollough, National Endowment for the HumanitiesFellow (2002-2003) on his appointment as Program Directorof the Kentucky Institute for International Studies Program in Istanbul – Turkey, beginning fall 2008; on the publication of his chapter “Monumental Changes: Architecture and Culture in Late Roman and Early Byzantine Sepphoris,” in The Archaeology of Difference: Gender, Ethnicity, Class and the “Other” in Antiquity. Studies in Honor of Eric M. Meyers,which he edited with D.R. Edwards, The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, vols. 60/61, Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research; and of his articles, “Chorazin” and “Gerasa” in the Encyclopedia of the HistoricalJesus, ed. C. A. Evans, New York: Routledge Press; and on being awarded a Shelby White-Leon Levy Foundation Grantfor Archaeological Publications for the publication of the Final Report on Field II (The Roman Theater) of the Universityof South Florida Excavations at Sepphoris, 2008-09.

* Kevin M. McGeough, Miqne Staff (1996) on his appointmentas an Assistant Professor of Archaeology at the University of Lethbridge and on the publication of his book, Exchange Relationships at Ugarit, Louven: Peeters.

* Marina Mihaljevic, Samuel H. Kress Fellow (2006-2007) onthe publication of her report “Constantinopolitan Architects– Local Labor: Aspects of Middle Byzantine Architecture in the Provinces” in the American Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4.

* Robert Miller, Research Fellow (1995-1996), Samuel H. Kress Fellow (1996-1997) and Montgomery/Program Coordinator (1997-1998) on his appointment as Associate Professor of Old Testament at the Catholic University of America in Washington, DC.

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* Jolanta Mlynarczyk, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (1999-2000)and (2004-2005) on the publication of her chapters “PotteryReport” and “North-West Church Complex (NWC)” with Mariusz Burdajewicz, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (2000-2001)and (2006-2007), in Hippos-Sussita – Eighth Season of Excavations, July 2007, edited with A. Segal, M. Burdajewicz,M. Schuler and M. Eisenberg, Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa.

* James Muhly, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (1981-1982) on the publication of his book Joan du Plat Taylor’s Excavations at the Late Bronze Age Mining Settlement at Apliki Karmallos, Cyprus, Part I, eds. B. Kling and J. D. Muhly, Sävedalen, Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology; of his articles, “The First Use of Metal on Minoan Crete” in Metals and Mines: Studies in Archaeometallurgy,eds. S. La Niece, D. Hook and P. Craddock, London; “The Crucibles from the Aghia Photia Cemetery” in Metallurgy inthe Early Bronze Age Aegean, eds. P. M. Day and R. C. P. Doonan, Sheffield; “An Introduction to Minoan Archaeology,”in Aegean Metallurgy in the Bronze Age, ed. I. Tzachili, Athensand “Agia Photia and the Cycladic Element in Early MinoanMetallurgy” in Aegean Metallurgy in the Bronze Age, ed. I. Tzachili, Athens; and of his review of Matasha McConchie Archaeology at the North-East Anatolian Frontier, V: Iron Technology and Iron-making Communities of the First Millennium BC (Louvain 2004) in BASOR 347.

* Robert Mullins, United States Information Agency JuniorResearch Fellow (1997-1998), James A. Montgomery Fellow/Program Coordinator (1998-2001), Educational and CulturalAffairs Fellow/Program Coordinator (2001-2002), National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (2004- 2005) on the publication of The Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean, 1989-1996,Vol. II – The Middle and Late Bronze Age Strata in Area R, TheBeth Shean Valley Archaeological Project, Publication No. 2, Jerusalem: The Israel Exploration Society, The Institute of Archaeology, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (which he edited with A. Mazar). His contributions to the volume include “Introduction and Overview,” “ Reflections on LevelsXI-IX of the University Museum Excavations,” “ Area R: TheStratigraphy and Architecture of the Middle and Late Bronze Age: Strata R-5-R-1” (with A. Mazar), “Appendix 3.2: Interpretation of the Stratigraphic Sections,” “ The Late Bronze Age Pottery.”

* Khaled Nashef, Senior Fellow (1995-1998) on the publicationof the Journal of Epigraphy and Rock Drawings (Majallat al-nuqush wa-al-rusum al-sakhriyah), which he edited.

* Hani Nur el-Din, Miqne Excavation Fellow (1989-1990), Research Fellow (1990-1997), Post-Doctoral Fellow (1997-2001), Senior Fellow (2001-2008) and his wife Lana on the birth of their daughter, Nada “Dew”.

* Shalom M. Paul, former Albright Trustee and Senior Fellow(1996-1998) on the publication of his volume Isaiah 40-66, Miqra le-Yisrael, Tel Aviv: Am Oved, Jerusalem: Magness Press of the Hebrew University; on the publication of the Festschrift Birkat Shalom. Studies in the Bible, Ancient Near Eastern Literature, and Post-biblical Judaism presented to Shalom M. Paul on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday, eds. J.H. Tigay, C. Cohen, A. Hurowitz, A. Hurvitz, B. Schwartz, and Y. Muffs, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

* Lukas Pecha, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (2006-2007) on thepublication of his article “Die Ohnmacht des Staatsapparates.Ein Beitrag zur Diskussion über die Ursachen des Untergangsdes altbabylonischen Staates” in Altorientalische Forschungen35/1; of the volume, which he edited, Orientalia Antiqua Nova VII. Proceedings of the 7th colloquium in Pilsen, 15th –16th

February, 2007, Prague; of his report, “The AdministrativeStructure of the Old Babylonian State in the Reign of Samsu-iluna” in the American Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4; and on being awarded two-year grants by theGrant Agency of the Czech Republic for his research project,Shepherds of the Black-Headed People, Elites and Commoners inthe ancient Near East in collaboration with Institut für Assyriologie und Hethitologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany and by the Grant Agency ofthe Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic for his research project Kdo byl král? Kdo nebyl král? (Who was King?Who was not King?).

* Tomasz Polanski, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (1999-2000) and (2006-2007) on his recent appointment as Professor andHead of the Department of Ancient History at the AkademiaSwietokrzyska in Kielce, Poland; on the publication of his articles “The Three Young Men in the Furnace and the Art of Ecphrasis in the Coptic Sermon by Theophilus of Alexandria” in Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization 10, Krakow; “Boukoloi Banditry: Greek Perspectives on Native Resistance” in Grazer Beiträge – Band 25, Zeitschrift für die Klassische Altertumswissenschaft, and of his report “Christian Art in Oriental Literatures: Greek, Syriac and Coptic Sourcesfrom the 4th to the 7th Century” in the American Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4.

* Benjamin Porter, Research Fellow (1996-1997) on his appointment as Assistant Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology in the Near Eastern Studies Department of the University of California.

* Anson Rainey, Annual Professor (2006-2007) on the publication of his report “Detailed Commentary on all of theTell el-Amarna Letters” in the American Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4.

* Kent Reynolds, Research Fellow (2005-2006) on being awarded a 2-year post-doctoral fellowship at Union Theological Seminary in New York City.

* Arlene Rosen, Post-Doctoral Fellow (1985-1987), National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (1987-1988), Post-Doctoral Fellow (1988-1989), Senior Fellow (1996-1997) onher chapter “Site Formation” in Ashkelon 1, Introduction and Overview (1985-2006), eds. L. E. Stager, J. D. Schloen, and D. M. Master, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2008.

* Yorke Rowan, Council of American Overseas Research Centers Advanced Multi-Country Fellow (1994-1995), National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (1999) and United States Information Agency Junior Research Fellow (2000) on his appointment as a Research Associate with the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago; and on the publication of the volume, New Approaches to Old Stones: Recent Studies of Ground Stone Artifacts, which he edited with J. R. Ebeling, London: Equinox Publishing, Ltd.

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* Mark S. Smith, Research Fellow (1983-1984), Annual Professor (1985-1986), Post-Doctoral Fellow (1987-1990), Dorot Foundation/Dead Sea Scrolls Fellow (1990-1991) on the publication of his articles “Biblical Narrative between Ugaritic and Akkadian Literature: Part I: Ugarit and the Hebrew Bible: Consideration of Recent Comparative Research” and “Biblical Narrative between Ugaritic and Akkadian Literature: Part II,” in Revue Biblique 114/1; “’YourPeople Shall be My People’: Family and Covenant in Ruth 1:16-17” in Catholic Biblical Quarterly 69; “Recent Study of Israelite Religion in Light of the Ugaritic Texts” in Ugarit at Seventy-Five, ed. K. Lawson Younger Jr., Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns; “Ancient Near Eastern ‘Myths’ and the Hebrew Bible: Interim Reflections” in Was ist der Mensch, das du seinergedenkst? (Psalm 8,5): Aspekte einer theologischen Anthropologie.Festschrift für Bernd Janowski zum 65. Geburstag, eds. M. Bauks, K.Liess and P. Riede, Neukirchen-Vluyn: NeukirchenerVerlag; “‘Sacred Marriage’ in the Ugaritic Texts? The Case of KTU/CAT 1.23 (Rituals and Myths of the Goodly Gods)” inSacred Marriages: The Divine-Human Sexual Metaphor from Sumer to Early Christianity, eds. M. Nissinen and R. Uru, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns; “Light in Genesis 1:3 - Created or Uncreated: A Question of Priestly Mysticism?” in Birkat Shalom: Studies in the Bible, Ancient Near Eastern Literature and Post-Biblical Judaism Presented to Shalom M. Paul on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday, ed. J.H. Tigayet al., Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns; and of his book, God in Translation: Deities in Cross-Cultural Discourse in the Biblical World, Forschungen zum Alten Testament series I, volume 57; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck; on his appointment as Visiting Scholar/Researcher at Centro de Ciencias Humanas ySociales (Instituto de Lenguas y Culturas del Mediterráneo y de Oriente Próximo), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, in Madrid; and on receiving the Golden Dozen Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching at New YorkUniversity for the second time.

* John Spencer, Annual Professor (1984-1985), USIA Summer Fellow (1995-1996) and current Albright Trustee onhis appointment as Chair of the Department of Religious Studies at John Carroll University.

* Lawrence Stager, former Albright Trustee, J. David Schloen,National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (1997-1998)with Daniel M. Master on the publication of Ashkelon 1, Introduction and Overview (1985-2006), (edited with J. D. Schloen, and D. M. Master), Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns;and for the chapters “Introduction: Ashkelon and Its Inhabitants”(with J. David Schloen); “Appendix: Iconographic and Textual Evidence of Birdliming,” “the Leon Levy Expedition” (with J. David Schloen), “The Church by the Jerusalem Gate” (with Vassilios Tzaferis), “Byzantine-Period Wine Jars and their Distribution” (with Barbara Johnson); “Dogs and Healing in Phoenician Ashkelon,” and “The Canaanite SilverCalf” in Ashkelon 1, Introduction and Overview (1985-2006), (edited with J. D. Schloen, and D. M. Master), Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

* Karen B. Stern, Council of American Overseas Research Centers Multi-Country Research Fellow (2007-2009) on the publication of her book Inscribing Devotion and Death – Archaeological Evidence for Jewish Populations of North Africa, Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, eds. H.S. Versnel, D. Frankfurter and J. Hahn, vol. 161, Leiden, Boston: Brill.

* Benjamin Saidel, United States Information Agency Junior Research Fellow (1993-1994), George A. Barton Fellow (1998-1999), Post-Doctoral Fellow (1999-2000), National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (2000-2001), Ernest S. Frerichs Fellow/Program Coordinator (2002-2005), and Laura Mazow, United States Information Agency Junior Research Fellow (1997-1998) and Samuel H. Kress FoundationFellow (1998-1999), Miqne Excavation Fellow (1999-2000) on the birth of their son, Ari Mazow; and to Benjamin Saidelon the publication of the volume On the Fringe of Society: Archaeological and Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives on Pastoral and Agricultural Societies Oxford, England: Archaeopress, which he edited with E. J. van der Steen; and on the publicationof his articles, “Smoking Out Ottoman Sites in Northern Sinai,Egypt: The Use of Clay Tobacco Pipes for Identifying the Nature of Settlements in the Ottoman Period” in Palestine Exploration Quarterly 140/1 and “The Bedouin Tent An Ethno-archaeological Portal to Antiquity or a Modern Construct?” inThe Archaeology of Mobility: Old World and New World Nomadism, eds. H. Barnard and W. Wendrich, Cotsen AdvancedSeminars 4, Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology.

* Seth Sanders, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (2006-2007) on the publication of his report “The Archaeology of Writing: Provenienced Judean Inscriptions from the Iron Age IIB as Evidence for Israelite Literacy and State Formation” in American Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4.

* Kara Schenk, Samuel H. Kress Joint Athens/Jerusalem Fellow (2002-2003) on her one-year appointment as Assistant Professor at Reed College in Portland, Oregon.

* J. David Schloen, National Endowment for the HumanitiesFellow (1997-1998) on the publication of his chapters “Introduction: Ashkelon and its Inhabitants,” “Early Explorations,” “British and Israeli Excavations,” “The Leon Levy Expedition” (with Lawrence E. Stager), and a “Stratigraphic Overview” (with Lawrence E. Stager, Daniel M. Master, Michael D. Press and Adam Aja) in Ashkelon 1, Introduction and Overview (1985-2006), eds. L. Stager, J. D.Schloen, and D. M. Master, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

* Edward Silver, Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow (2006-2007) on his forthcoming marriage to Michaela Soyer; and on the publication of his report, “The Schools of Jeremiah: Signs, Symbols and Text Formation in the Book of Jeremiah” in the American Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4.

* Hagith Sivan, Senior Fellow (2003-2004) on the publication of her book Palestine in Late Antiquity, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

* Ilona Skupinska-Lovset, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (1999-2000) on the publication of her article “The House of the Vintner on Et-Tell/Bethsaida and the Archaeological Traces of Viticulture at the Lake of Galilee” in Histria Antiqua 15; and onbeing awarded the University of Lodz Best Book Prize from thePhilosophical-Historical Faculty for her book, The Temple Areaof Bethsaida. Polish Excavations on et-Tell in the Years 1998-2000,Lodz University Press.

* Andrew Smith, Educational and Cultural Affairs (2004-2005) Fellow and his wife Elise Friedland on their dual appointments as Assistant Professors in the Department of Classical and Semitic Languages and Literatures at GeorgeWashington University, in Washington, D.C.

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* Tzemah Yoreh, Educational and Cultural Affairs Fellow (2006-2007) on the publication of his report “The Yahwistic Source: Unity, Authorship and Redaction” in the American Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4.

* Ziony Zevit, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow(1986-1987), Senior Fellow/ Guggenheim Fellow (1994- 1995)and former Albright Trustee on the publication of his articles “The First Halleluyah” in Milk and Honey: Essays on Ancient Israel and the Bible, eds. D. Miano et al, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns; “Scratched Silver and Painted Walls: Can We Date Biblical Texts Archaeologically?” in Hebrew Studies 48; and of his chapters, “The Search for Violence in Israelite Culture and in the Bible” in Religion and Violence: The Biblical Heritage, eds. D. Bernat and J. Klawans, Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press; “From Judaism to Biblical Religion andBack Again” in The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship,ed. F. Greenspahn, New York: New York University Press.

* Alexander Zukerman, Research Fellow (2001-2007) on the publication of his articles “A Bone of Contention? Iron Age IIANotched Scapulae from Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel”(with Liora Kolska-Horwitz, Justin Lev-Tov and Aren Maeir) in the Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 347; “Cooking Identities: Aegean-Style Cooking Jugs and Cultural Interaction in Iron Age Philistia and Neighboring Regions” (with David Ben-Shlomo, Itzhaq Shai and Aren Maeir) in the American Journal of Archaeology 112/2; and “A Late Iron Age I/Early Iron Age II Old Canaanite Inscription from Tell es? Sâfi¯/Gath, Israel: Palaeography, Dating, and Historical-Cultural Significance” (with Aren Maeir, Stefan Wimmer, and Aaron Demsky) in the Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 351.

CONDOLENCES:

We extend our deepest sympathy to: * Bernard Bell, former Albright Trustee, on the death of his

wife Claire at age 85 in Providence, on December 7, 2007, after a brief illness. Claire often attended the Albright Board meetings as a guest when Bernie was Trustee, and both were frequent visitors to the Institute in Jerusalem and to the Tel Miqne Excavations. Also survived by daughter Deborah fromKansas City and son Jonathan from Providence.

* Ernest Frerichs, past President, Fellow and now long-time Albright Trustee, whose wife Sarah passed away on April 10, 2008 in Providence at age 81, after a long illness. Sarah accompanied Ernie to many Albright meetings and on his visits to Jerusalem. Survived also by son David, daughters-in-law Barbara and Pamela, four grandchildren Justin Allen, April, David, Jr., and Marcia and four great-grandchildren Justine and Jirzeel Mariella of Los Angeles, CA, and Alex andConner of Athens, ME.

* Matthew Suriano, George A. Barton Fellow (2006-2007) onthe publication of his report “The Iron Age Tumuli of the Jerusalem Area: An Archaeological Anomaly Between Topography and Text” in the American Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4.

* Juan Manuel Tebes, George A. Barton Fellow (2004-2005) on the publication of his articles “‘You Who Live in the Cleftsof the Rock, Who Hold the Height of the Hill’: Tribalism in Iron Age Edom” in Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental 14 (Spanish); “Pottery Makers and Pre-modern Exchange in the Fringes of Egypt: An Approximation to the Distribution of Iron Age Midianite Pottery” in Buried History43; “Down-the-line Exchange of Copper in the Early Iron AgeSouthern Levant: A Theoretical Approximation” in Fuentes e Interdisciplina. Actas de las II Jornadas Interdisciplinarias llevadas acabo en Buenos Aires, del 25 al 27 de agosto de 2006. Buenos Aires, CONICET-IMHICIHU, ed. A. Guiance (Spanish); and on receiving the Isabel F. Knight Graduate Enrichment Fund in History Award and the Conference Travel Award fromthe Department of History and Religious Studies Program, College of The Liberal Arts, Pennsylvania State University; a Heritage Fellowship from the American Schools of Oriental Research; and on his appointment to the Editorial Board of Ancient Near East Monographs, Society of Biblical Literature and Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente, Catholic University of Argentina.

* Christine Thompson, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (2007-2008) on being awarded a Ph.D. from the University of California at Los Angeles, writing on the subject of Silver in the Age of Iron and the Orientalizing Economies of Archaic Greece; on her appointment as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Classical Studies, Anthropology and Archaeology at the University of Akron, Ohio; and on the publication of her report, “Silver in the Ageof Iron and the Orientalizing Economies of Archaic Greece” in the American Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 57/4.

* Peter Vargyas, Andrew W. Mellon Fellow (1998-2000) on thepublication of his articles “The Alleged Silver Bars of the Temple of Ptah: Traditional Money Use in Achaemenid, Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt” in Cultus Deorum. Studia Religionum ad Historiam which he edited with Ádám Szabó,Vol.1 De Oriente Antiquo et Regione Danuvii Praehistorica inMemoriam István Tóth. Pécs; “The Silver Hoard from Nush-iJan Revisited” in Iranica Antiqua 43; “Astronomische Tagebücher und Preislisten” in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kundedes Morgenlandes 97 – Festschrift für Hermann Hunger zum 65. Geburstag.

* Paula Wapnish, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (1984-1985) on the publication of “The Manufactureof Bone Artifacts” in Ashkelon 1, Introduction and Overview (1985-2006), eds. L. Stager, J. D. Schloen, and D. M. Master,Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2008.

* Jan Wilson, Research Fellow (1989-1991) and Post-Doctoral Fellow (1993-1995) on the publication of his article “A KarshuniText of the Legend of Mar Asia” in Parole de l’Orient 32.

* J. Edward Wright, Albright President (2007-) on his appointment as the Brownstone Visiting Professor at Dartmouth College for 2008.

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The tree planted by Albright Trustee and former BoardChair Dan Wolk, now two and a half meters tall,

is being tended by the Albright gardener, Faiz Khalaf.

ALBRIGHT TRUSTEES 2008-2009Oded Borowski Joan R. Branham Aaron J. Brody Emory University Providence College Bade Museum PacificAtlanta, GA Providence, RI School of Religion

Berkeley, CAVivian Bull John Camp Susan L. Cohen J.P. DesselMadison, NJ Lakeland Shores, MN Montana State University University of Tennessee

Bozeman, MT Knoxville, TN

Norma Dever Linda Feinstone Ernest S. Frerichs Eugene Grant Tucson, AZ New York, NY Dorot Foundation New York, NY

Providence, RI

Edward L. Greenstein Sharon Herbert Gary Knoppers Theodore J. LewisBar Ilan University University of Michigan Pennsylvania State University Johns Hopkins UniversityTel Aviv, Israel Ann Arbor, MI University Park, PA Baltimore, MD

Peter Machinist Carol Meyers Jonathan P. Rosen David RosensteinHarvard University Duke University New York, NY Washington, DCCambridge, MA Durham, NC

Benjamin Saidel Richard J. Scheuer William M. Schniedewind Lee R. Seeman East Carolina University Larchmont, NY Un. of California-Los Angeles Great Neck, NYGreenville, NC Los Angeles, CA

Lydie T. Shufro Mark S. Smith John R. Spencer Ron TappyNew York, NY New York University John Carroll University Pittsburgh Theological Seminary

New York, NY University Heights, OH Pittsburgh, PA

Ray Willey Daniel Wolk J. Edward WrightRipon, CA Rye, NY University of Arizona

Tucson, AZ

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