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AW101OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY

AND HEALTH 1Chapter 1:

Introduction To OSHA


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COURSE OBJECTIVES

Define the concept of occupational safetyand health.

Explain the history of occupational safetyand health.

Explain the importance of safety in theworkplace.

Describe the major safety terminologies.

Classify types of accident.


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INTRODUCTION

Occupational

safety and health

(OSH) is a basichuman right for

safety at

workplace


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WARNINGDONT WATCH THIS IF YOU HAVE

A WEAK HEART!


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But Some accident is just our ownfault


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CONCEPTS OF OCCUPATIONALSAFETY AND HEALTH

Accident prevention is an essential part of good

management and workmanship

Management and workers must cooperate

Top management must take the lead

A define and known safety and health policy

Organization and resources to achieve policy

Best available knowledge and methods


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HISTORY OF OCCUPATIONALSAFETY AND HEALTH

Until 1970, there were no national laws for safety

and health hazards

Several tragedies had occurred

The 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire in New York

City killed 146 of 500 employees

Production for World War I caused a crisis in workplace

safety and health conditions.

By the 1960s, 14,000 workers died every year and morethan 2.2 million workers were not able to work from

injuries and illnesses


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HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENTOF OSHA IN MALAYSIA

The Era of Boiler Safety- Before 1914

Around 1890s Perak state government

elected a personnel expertise in steam boiler

and was given a license as boiler surveyor


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The era of machinery safety- 1914 to

1962

On 1 January 1914, all the steam boilerenactments was replaced with Machinery

Enactment.

The inspector inspects the steam boiler and any

other machinery such as internal combustionengine, water turbine and any other auxiliary

installation involved


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The era of industrial safety- 1953 to 1967

All the machinery enactment used before

1953 was then replaced with Ordinal 1953.

The role of an inspector has expanded from

only inspecting the steam boiler to the safety

of workers in factories that uses machinery.


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The era of industrial safety and health-

1970 to 1994

Akta Kilang dan Jentera (Factories andMachinery Act ) 1970was approved by the

parliaments.

To solve all the shortcoming of the Machine

Ordinal 1953, as the workers in a workplacewithout machine previously are now being

protected under the new Acts.


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The era of occupational safety and

health- 1994 onwards

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) wasenacted in 1994

FMA 1967 emphasis on safety while OSHA 1994

emphasis on addressing health hazards in the

workplace


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IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY IN THEWORKPLACE

Employees can remain motivated if they

feel safe and happy

Formation and implementation of safetyprograms that are meant to teach the

employees to handle risks

Violence at workplace


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MAJOR SAFETYTERMINOLOGIES

Accident- An unplanned unexpected eventwhich may result in loss, injury or damage

Code of Practice- A body of rules for Practical

Guidance only and not having the force of lawalthough failure to comply may be used inevidence in legal proceedings.

Ergonomics- The study of relationship betweenworkers and their occupation, equipment and

environment and particularly, the application ofanatomical, physiological and psychologicalknowledge to the problems arising there from.


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Fire Precautions- The measures taken and the fireprotection features provided in a building (e.g. design,systems, equipment and procedures) to minimize the riskto the occupants from and outbreak of fire.

Fire Prevention- The concept of preventing outbreaks offire, of reducing the risk of fire spreading and avoidingdanger to persons and property from fire.

First Aid- The skilled application of accepted principles oftreatment on the occurrence of an accident or in the case

of sudden illness, using facilities or materials available atthe time.


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Hazard- The exposed danger, a condition or practice withpotential for loss. A situation that may give rise to personalinjury or asset damage or both.

Manual Handling- Any means of transporting or

supporting a load manually. Lift, putting down, pushing,pulling, carrying or moving by hand of bodily force.

Means of Escape- Structural means whereby a safe routeis provided for persons to travel unaided from any point in abuilding to a place of safety


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Near Miss- An incident, which does not show a visibleresult, but had the potential to do so.

Policy- A statement of corporate intent, which will beadopted and pursued as advantageous or expedient.

Qualified Worker- One who is accepted as having thenecessary physical attributes, who possesses the requiredintelligence, training and education, and has acquired thenecessary skill and knowledge to carry out the work inhand to satisfactory standards of safety, quantity and

quality.


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Reasonably Practicable- A computation made in whichthe quantum of risk is placed on one scale, and thedisadvantages involved in the measure necessary ofaverting the risk is placed upon the other. A balancebetween: risk and cost, inconvenience, effect onproduction.

Risk Assessment- A process where hazards are identifiedand risks evaluated, with the objective of eliminating orreducing the risks as low as reasonably practicable.

Safety Audit- Monitoring of the implementation of a safety

policy by subjecting each area of an activity to a systematiccritical examination with the purpose of minimizing loss,and providing a quantified assessment of performance


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Safety Inspection- Systematic assessment of

safety standards for plant, place of work,

working. Carried out by a manager and not a

safety adviser/engineer.

Safety Monitoring- Periodic checks on

observance of corporate safety standards and

procedures.

Workplace- The workplace may be described

as any place where people are at work


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TYPES OF ACCIDENT

Accident happens

mostly due by two

major causes: Unsafe condition at the

workplace

Unsafe act done by a

person or a group


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Thank

you forbeing

SAFE