Project No. 883000/2021 [Cat ‘’A’’ Schedule 5 (e)]
Baseline Monitoring Season Summer, 2021 (March-May, 2021)
File No. F.No.- J-11011/329/2020- IA II(I)
Proposal No. IA/TN/IND2/190081/2020
TOR Letter No. No. J-11011/329/2020- IA II(I)dated Jan 02, 2021
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD.PLOT NO. A7, SIPCOT INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX,VILLAGE: THERVOYKANDIGAI, TALUKA: GUMMIDIPOONDIDIST: THIRUVALLUR, TAMIL NADU
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & RISK ASSESMENT REPORT FOR
PROPOSED DIFFERENT GRADES OF CARBON BLACK (PRODUCTION
CAPACITY: 1.925 LAKH TONNE/ANNUM) MANUFACTURING UNIT AND
36 MW WASTE HEAT RECOVERY BASED CAPTIVE POWER PLANT
Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers P. Ltd.403, Centre Point, Nr. Kadiwala School, Ring Road,
Surat – 395002(NABET Accredited EIA Consultant by QCI): NABET/EIA/2023/IA0062
(MoEF Accredited Testing Laboratory): 15018/24/2019-CPW
(NABL Accredited Testing Laboratory): TC - 7328
(GPCB Recognized Schedule-II Environmental Auditor)
ISO 9001: 2015 Certified Company
OHSAS 18001: 2007 Certified Company
Prepared By:
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & RISK ASSESSMENT
REPORT
CLIENT
PROJECT TITLE
PROJECT NO.
:
:
:
M/S. PCBL (TN) LTD.
PLOT NO. A7, SIPCOT INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX,
VILLAGE: THERVOYKANDIGAI, TALUKA: GUMMIDIPOONDI
DIST: THIRUVALLUR, TAMIL NADU
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & RISK ASSESMENT REPORT FOR PROPOSED
DIFFERENT GRADES OF CARBON BLACK (PRODUCTION CAPACITY1.925
LAKH TONNE/ANNUM) MANUFACTURING UNIT AND 36 MW WASTE
HEAT RECOVERY BASED CAPTIVE POWER PLANT
883000/2020 (A-5(E))
Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers P. Ltd. 403, Centre Point, Nr. Kadiwala School, Ring Road,
Surat – 395002
(NABET Accredited EIA Consultant by QCI): NABET/EIA/2023/IA0062
(MoEF Accredited Testing Laboratory): 15018/24/2019-CPW
(NABL Accredited Testing Laboratory): TC - 7328
(GPCB Recognized Schedule-II Environmental Auditor)
ISO 9001: 2015 Certified Company
OHSAS 18001: 2007 Certified Company
Prepared By:
June 25, 2021.
TO WHOM SO EVER IT MAY CONCERN
This is to certify that we have studied TOR issued by MoEFCC, New Delhi to M/s.
PCBL (TN) LTD. for their proposed different grades of carbon black
Manufacturing Unit and waste heat recovery based Captive Power Plant at Plot
No. A7, SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Village: Thervoykandigai, Tal:
Gummidipoondi, Dist: Thiruvallur, State: Tamilnadu and we found Environment
Impact Assessment (EIA) report in line with TORs. Due to reduction in production
capacity (From 2.6 Lakh MT/Annum- as per TORs to 1.925 Lakh MT/Annum- as
per EIA Report & CPP from 50 MW –as per TORs to 36 MW – as per EIA Report)
and pollution load has also been reduced w.r.t. production capacity.
Facts stated in the EIA report are verified by us. We take ownership of the EIA
Report. Further activities of Environment Clearance will be carried out by us.
For ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited
NABET/QCI Accreditation Certificate of M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited vide
Certificate no. NABET/EIA/1922/RA 0155 and shall be valid up to May 24, 2022
Quality Council of India
National Accreditation Board for Education & Training
Certificate of Accreditation
Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 403, Centre Point, Nr. Kadiwala School, Ring Road,
Surat, Gujarat-395002
Accredited as Category – ‘A’ organization under the QCI-NABET Scheme for Accreditation of EIA Consultant Organizations: Version 3 for preparing EIA/EMP reports in the following sectors:
Note: Names of approved EIA Coordinators and Functional Area Experts are mentioned in IA AC Minutes dated November 6, 2020 on QCI-NABET website. The Accreditation shall remain in force subject to continued compliance to the terms and conditions mentioned in NABET’s letter of accreditation bearing no. QCI/NABET/ENV/ACO/20/1557 dated December 8, 2020. The accreditation needs to be renewed before the expiry date by Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. following due process of
assessment.
Sr. Director, NABET Certificate No. Valid till Dated: December 8, 2020 NABET/EIA/2023/IA0062 October 7, 2023
For the updated List of Accredited EIA Consultant Organizations with approved Sectors please refer to QCI-NABET website.
Sl. No
Sector Description Sector (as per)
Cat. NABET MoEFCC
1. Thermal power plants 4 1 (d) A
2. Cement plants 9 3 (b) B
3. Soda ash Industry 14 4 (e) A
4. Chemical fertilizers 16 5 (a) B
5. Pesticides industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations)
17 5 (b)
A
6. Manmade fibers manufacturing 19 5 (d) B
7. Synthetic organic chemicals industry 21 5 (f) A
8. Distilleries 22 5 (g) A
9. Pulp & paper industry excluding manufacturing of paper from wastepaper and manufacture of paper from ready pulp without bleaching
24 5 (i)
B
10. Common hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDF) 32 7 (d) A
11. Bio-medical waste treatment facilities 32A 7 (da) B
12. Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) 36 7 (h) B
13. Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility (CMSWMF) 37 7 (i) B
14. Building and construction projects 38 8 (a) B
LABORATORY DEPARTMENT, AQUA-AIRENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.
has been assessed and accredited in accordance with the standard
ISO/IEC 17025:2017''General Requirements for the Competence of Testing &
Calibration Laboratories''for its facilities at
403, CENTRE POINT, RING ROAD, SURAT, GUJARAT, INDIA
in the field of
TESTINGCertificate Number: TC-7328
Issue Date: 03/06/2021 Valid Until: 02/06/2023
This certificate remains valid for the Scope of Accreditation as specified in the annexure subject to continuedsatisfactory compliance to the above standard & the relevant requirements of NABL.
(To see the scope of accreditation of this laboratory, you may also visit NABL website www.nabl-india.org)
Name of Legal Identity : AQUA-AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.
Signed for and on behalf of NABL
N. VenkateswaranChief Executive Officer
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INDEX
SR. NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
LIST OF TABLES I-7
LIST OF FIGURES I-9
TOR LETTER I-10
COMPLIANCE OF TOR I-17
UNDERTAKING - PROJECT PROPONENT I-24
UNDERTAKING – CONSULTANT I-25
1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND 1
1.1.1 JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT 2
1.1.2 PROMOTERS AND THEIR BACKGROUND 2
1.1.3 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 3
1.1.4 REGULATORY PROVISION 6
1.2 PROJECT DETAILS 7
1.2.1 TOTAL PROJECT COST 7
1.2.2 PLOT AREA 8
1.2.3 EXACT DETAILS ABOUT INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES, PLANT MACHINERIES, ETC.
REQUIRED FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT
8
1.3 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT & INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES INCLUDING 11
14 PURPOSE OF EIA 13
1.5 OBJECTIVES OF EIA 14
1.6 METHODOLOGIES FOR EIA 14
1.6.1 BASE LINE CONDITION 14
1.6.2 AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT 14
1.6.3 GROUND AND SURFACE WATER ENVIRONMENT 14
1.6.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 15
1.6.5 SOIL ENVIRONMENT 15
1.6.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 15
1.6.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 15
1.6.8 IDENTIFICATION OF POLLUTION SOURCE 15
1.6.9 EVALUATION OF POLLUTION CONTROL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
16
1.6.10 EVALUATION OF IMPACT 16
1.6.11 PREPARATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 16
2 CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES
2.1 BACKGROUND 17
2.2 LAND REQUIREMENT FOR THE PROJECT INCLUDING ITS BREAK UP FOR VARIOUS
PURPOSES, ITS AVAILABILITY
18
2.2.1 LAND POSSESSION DOCUMENTS. COPY OF NA ORDER SHOWING PERMISSION TO USE
THE PROJECT LAND FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSE.
21
2.3 PROJECT SETTING 30
2.3.1 SITE SELECTION 30
2.3.2 PROJECT SITE AND PLANT LAYOUT 32
2.4 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE AND NEAREST HABITATS WITH DISTANCES FROM
THE PROJECT SITE TO BE DEMARCATED ON A TOPOSHEET (1: 50000 SCALE).
35
2.5 TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE PLANT/S ALONG WITH DETAILS ON BEST AVAILABLE 37
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TECHNOLOGIES (BAT), PROPOSED TECHNOLOGY AND REASONS FOR SELECTING THE
SAME.
2.6 PHASE WISE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE WITH BAR CHART AND TIME
FRAME, IN TERMS OF SITE DEVELOPMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION, EMS
IMPLEMENTATION ETC.
37
2.7 CHEMICAL NAME OF EACH PROPOSED PRODUCT TO BE MANUFACTURED. DETAILS ON
END USE OF EACH PRODUCT. (PROVIDE CAS NUMBER OF ALL THE PRODUCTS & RAW
MATERIALS. IN CASE OF DYES, CI NUMBER). LIST OF PRODUCTS WITH PRODUCTION
CAPACITY
37
2.8 DETAILS ON RAW MATERIALS, SOURCE AND STORAGE WITHIN THE PREMISES. 38
2.9 MANUFACTURING PROCESS, CHEMICAL REACTION AND MASS BALANCE OF EACH
PRODUCTS
40
2.9.1 MATERIAL BALANCE OF SULFUR 43
2.10 WATER REQUIREMENT, WASTEWATER GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT 44
2.10.1 ASSESSMENT OF SOURCE OF THE WATER SUPPLY WITH ADEQUACY OF THE SAME TO
MEET WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT. PERMISSION OBTAINED FROM
THE CONCERN AUTHORITY FOR SUPPLY OF RAW WATER.
44
2.10.2 WATER AND WASTEWATER 50
2.10.3 EXPLORE THE POSSIBILITIES FOR ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE (ZLD) OPTION FOR THE
PROPOSED PROJECT.
52
2.10.4 CAPACITY OF ETP IN KL/DAY. DETAILS OF ETP INCLUDING DIMENSIONS OF EACH UNIT
ALONG WITH SCHEMATIC FLOW DIAGRAM. INLET, TRANSITIONAL AND TREATED
EFFLUENT QUALITIES WITH SPECIFIC EFFICIENCY OF EACH TREATMENT UNIT IN
REDUCTION IN RESPECT OF ALL CONCERNED/REGULATED ENVIRONMENTAL
PARAMETERS. INLET EFFLUENT QUALITY SHOULD BE BASED ON WORST CASE
SCENARIO CONSIDERING PRODUCTION OF MOST POLLUTING PRODUCTS THAT CAN
BE MANUFACTURED IN THE PLANT CONCURRENTLY.
53
2.11 AIR POLLUTION AND CONTROL SYSTEM 65
2.11.1 FLUE GAS & PROCESS GAS EMISSION FROM EACH UNIT PROCESS WITH ITS
QUANTIFICATION
65
2.11.2 DETAILS OF THE UTILITIES REQUIRED 67
2.11.3 CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS OF FUEL 68
2.11.4 DETAILS OF POWER REQUIREMENTS 72
2.11.5 LIST THE PROJECT SPECIFIC SOURCES OF FUGITIVE EMISSION ALONG WITH ITS
QUANTIFICATION AND PROPOSED MEASURES TO CONTROL IT
72
2.12 HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT 75
2.12.1 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR HAZARDOUS/SOLID WASTE INCLUDING STORAGE,
HANDLING, UTILIZATION AND SAFE DISPOSAL AS PER THE HAZARDOUS AND OTHER
WASTES (MANAGEMENT AND TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENT) RULES 2016. CPCB
GUIDELINES IN RESPECT OF SPECIFIC TREATMENT, SUCH AS SOLAR EVAPORATION,
INCINERATION, ETC., NEED TO BE FOLLOWED.
75
2.12.2 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 76
2.12.3 THE MANUAL HANDLING OF THE HAZARDOUS WASTES AND METHODOLOGY OF DE-
CONTAMINATION AND DISPOSAL OF DISCARDED CONTAINERS AND ITS RECORD
KEEPING
77
2.13 NOISE LEVEL AND CONTROL SYSTEM 78
3 CHAPTER 3: BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
3.1 INTRODUCTION 79
3.2 METHODOLOGY 79
3.2.1 STUDY PERIOD & FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING 80
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3.2.2 METHOD OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING & ANALYSIS 81
3.2.3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS 82
3.3 MICROMETEOROLOGY 83
3.3.1 TEMPERATURE, RELATIVE HUMIDITY & WIND SPEED 84
3.3.2 WIND ROSE 85
3.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT 87
3.4.1 SUMMARY 91
3.4.2 INTERPRETATION 91
3.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 92
3.5.1 METHODOLOGY FOR NOISE MONITORING 92
3.5.2 INTERPRETATION 93
3.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT 94
3.6.1 METHODOLOGY FOR WATER QUALITY MONITORING 94
3.6.2 BASELINE GROUND WATER QUALITY 107
3.6.3 BASELINE SURFACE WATER QUALITY 107
3.6.4 INTERPRETATION 107
3.7 LAND ENVIRONMENT 108
3.7.1 SOIL QUALITY 108
3.7.2 SUMMARY OF SOIL QUALITY 109
3.7.3 INTERPRETATION 109
3.7.4 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS 110
3.8 GEOLOGICAL, HYDROLOGICAL & DRAINAGE DATA 111
3.8.1 HYDROLOGY 112
3.8.2 DRAINAGE PATTERN 113
3.9 LAND USE PATTERN 114
3.10 TOPOSHEET 116
3.11 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION 117
3.12 SOCIO - ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 139
3.12.1 DEMOGRAPHY 139
3.12.2 EDUCATION FACILITIES 143
3.12.3 EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE WITHIN STUDY AREA 144
3.12.4 HEALTH FACILITIES 146
4 CHAPTER 4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS 148
4.2 PREDICTIONS AND EVALUATION OF IMPACTS 148
4.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT 152
4.3.1 CONCLUSION 160
4.3.2 MITIGATION MEASURE 160
4.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 161
4.5 WATER ENVIRONMENT 162
4.6 HAZARDOUS WASTE DETAILS 166
4.7 IMPACT OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION 170
4.8 ECOLOGY 171
4.9 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIORNMENT 172
4.10 MATRIX REPRESENTATION 172
4.11 CONCLUSION 176
5 CHAPTER 5: ALTERNATIVE SITE ANALYSIS
5.1 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY) 177
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5.2 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (SITE) 179
6 CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN
6.1 PROJECT ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN 181
6.2 OBJECTIVES 182
6.3 DOCUMETATION & RECORDS 183
6.4 POST PROJECT MONITORING PLAN 184
6.4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 185
6.4.2 MONITORING METHODOLOGIES 187
6.5 ENVIRONMENT POLICY 188
6.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL 189
6.7 COMPANY HAS A SYSTEM OF REPORTING OF NON-COMPLIANCES / VIOLATIONS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL NORMS TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE COMPANY AND / OR
SHAREHOLDERS OR STAKEHOLDERS AT LARGE.
191
6.8 COMPLIANCE REPORTS 192
6.9 ON-SITE MOCK DRILL REQUIREMENTS 192
7 CHAPTER 7: RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT
7.1 RISK ASSESSMENT 194
7.1.1 INTRODUCTION 194
7.1.2 APPROACH TO THE STUDY 195
7.1.3 METHODOLOGY 195
7.1.4 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION 198
7.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS
CHEMICALS LIQUIDS
203
7.3 HANDLING OF TOXIC/CORROSIVE CHEMICALS 208
7.4 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS 210
7.4.1 DAMAGE CRITERIA 211
7.4.2 MAXIMUM CREDIBLE LOSS ACCIDENT SCENARIOS 215
7.5 RISK ASSESSMENT –SCENARIO 220
7.5.1 RISK ASSESSMENT SUMMARY 229
7.6 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 230
7.6.1 OBJECTIVES 230
7.6.2 BASIC FORMS OF EMERGENCY 230
7.6.3 TYPES OF EMERGENCY (ON SITE EMERGENCY) 230
7.6.4 ON SITE EMERGENCY PLAN IN PLACE WITH PCBL 231
7.7 OFFSITE EMERGENCY PLAN 238
7.8 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARD AND SAFETY PROGRAM FOR THE PROJECT 243
7.9 SAFETY PLAN 249
7.10 SAFETY ORGANIZATION 251
7.11 SAFETY CIRCLE 251
7.12 SAFETY TRAINING 251
7.13 HEALTH AND SAFETY MONITORING PLAN 252
7.14 TRAINING, REHERASAL & RECORDS 253
7.15 CHECKLIST IN THE FORM OF DO’S & DON’TS OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE,
STRENGTHENING OF HSE, MANUFACTURING UTILITY STAFF FOR SAFETY RELATED
MEASURES.
255
7.16 PROCESS SAFETY 258
7.17 HAZOP STUDY 261
7.18 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 265
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7.19 REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT (R & R) 265
8 CHAPTER 8: PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 BACKGROUND 266
8.2 ENVIRONMENT 266
8.3 EXPORTS 267
8.4 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION 267
8.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES (CSR ACTIVITIES) 267
8.6 CER ACTIVITIES 269
8.7 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 270
9 CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS 271
10 CHAPTER 10: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1 BACKGROUND 272
10.2 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 272
10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL 273
10.3.1 JOB RESPONSIBILITY: INCHARGE - SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONEMNT 275
10.3.2 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 276
10.4 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 278
10.4.1 EMP FOR CONSTRUCTION PHASE 278
10.4.2 EMP FOR OPERATIONAL PHASE 279
10.4.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT 281
10.4.3.1 PLANS FOR MANAGEMENT, COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF WASTE STREAMS TO BE
GENERATED FROM SPILLAGE, LEAKAGES, VESSEL WASHING, USED CONTAINER
WASHING ETC. MEASURES PROPOSED FOR PREVENTING EFFLUENT DISCHARGE
DURING UNFORESEEN CIRCUMSTANCES.
282
10.4.3.2 RAINWATER HARVESTING 282
10.4.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT 285
10.4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 289
10.4.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT 290
10.4.6.1 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT 291
10.4.6.2 METHODOLOGY OF DE-CONTAMINATION AND DISPOSAL OF DISCARDED
CONTAINERS AND ITS RECORD KEEPING
292
10.4.6.3 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 293
10.5 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT 294
10.6 OCCUPTIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY 296
10.6.1 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CENTER 297
10.6.2 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH MONITORING 299
10.6.3 WORK ZONE MONITORING EQUIPMENT 303
10.6.4 PROPOSED SAFETY SYSTEM 303
10.7 MEASURES FOR CONSERVATION OF ENERGY 305
10.8 SKILLED AND TRAINED MANPOWER 306
10.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES 306
10.9.1 CER ACTIVITIES 306
10.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 307
10.11 ECOLOGY 307
11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & CONLCUSION
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11.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 308
11.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 309
11.3 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 311
11.3.1 WATER REQUIREMENT, WASTE WATER GENERATION AND TREATMENT 311
11.3.2 AIR POLLUTION SOURCE AND CONTROL MANAGEMENT 312
11.3.3 HAZARDOUS WASTE 313
11.3.4 GREEN BELT 314
11.3.5 POWER & FUEL REQUIREMENTS 314
11.3.6 CAPITAL AND RECURRING COST EARMARKED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
MEASURES
314
11.3.7 ENVIRONMENT HAZARD 315
11.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 316
11.5 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 317
11.6 PROJECT BENEFITS 317
11.7 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 318
11.8 SUMMARY 322
11.8 CONCLUSION 323
12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
12.1 COMPANY PROFILE 324
13 ANNEXURES 335
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
NO.
TITLE PAGE NO.
1.1 BREAK UP OF DIFFERENT LAND USE OF FACTORY 8
1.2 LIST OF MACHINERIES AND EQUIPMENT 8
2.1 SITE COORDINATES 30
2.2 ALTERNATIVE SITE ANALYSIS 30
2.3 NEAREST HABITAT PROFILE FROM THE PROJECT SITE 31
2.4 LIST OF PRODUCTS WITH PRODUCTION CAPACITY 37
2.5 LIST OF RAW MATERIAL 38
2.6 WATER CONSUMPTION & WASTE WATER GENERATION 50
2.7 FLUE GAS EMISSION 65
2.8 PROCESS GAS EMISSION 66
2.9 POWER REQUIREMENT BACKUP AND UTILITIES 72
2.10 DETAILS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE & ITS MODE OF DISPOSAL 75
3.1 FREQUENCY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 80
3.2 METHOD OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING & ANALYSIS 81
3.3 METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS (TEMP., RAINFALL, RELATIVE HUMIDITY
AND WIND SPEED)
83
3.4 SITE SPECIFIC METEOROLOGICAL DATA 84
3.5 LOCATIONS OF THE AMBIENT AIR, NOISE, WATER AND SOIL 89
3.6 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STATUS 90
3.7 NOISE LEVELS 93
3.8 GROUND & SURFACE WATER QUALITY 95
3.9 PHYSICO-CHEMICALS CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL 108
3.10 METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATION OF BIODIVERSITY STATUS OF STUDY
AREA
117
3.11 LIST OF FLORA 118
3.12 LIST OF FAUNA 119
3.13 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA 140
3.14 SUMMARY OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS WITHIN THE STUDY AREA 141
3.15 POPULATION DENSITY 142
3.16 EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURES IN THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT 143
3.17 LITERACY RATE 144
3.18 MEDICAL FACILITIES AVAILABLE IN THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT 146
3.18 HEALTH FACILITIES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA 147
4.1 CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION STAGE POTENTIAL IMPACTS & MITIGATIVE
MEASURES
149
4.2 DETAILS OF EMISSION FROM STACKS & VENTS 154
4.3 SUMMERY OF ISCST3 MODEL OUTPUT 159
4.4 PREDICTED AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 160
4.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF RAW AND TREATED SEWAGE WATER 163
4.6 CHARACTERISTICS OF RAW AND TREATED EFFLUENT WATER 165
4.7 CHARACTERISTICS OF INLET AND OUTLET FROM WATER TREATMENT PLANT 165
4.8 EXISTING & PROPOSED VEHICULAR MOVEMENT PER HOUR (SH- 51
(KORTHALAIYAR BRIDGE –PALAVAKKAM –PUTHUR ROAD))
170
4.9 TRAFFIC VOLUME AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT 171
4.10 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION MATRIX 173
I-8
4.11 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MATRIX 174
4.12 CUMULATIVE IMPACT CHART 175
5.1 ALTERNATIVE SITE ANALYSIS 179
5.2 CONNECTIVITY TO THE SITE 180
6.1 PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 186
7.1 STORAGE AND HANDLING DETAILS OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 200
7.2 OTHER HAZARDS AND CONTROL 201
7.3 HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES OF THE CHEMICALS, COMPATIBILITIES, SPECIAL
HAZARD AND ANTIDOTES
202
7.4 POSSIBLE ACCIDENT SCENARIOS 220
10.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 280
I-9
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE
NO.
TITLE PAGE NO.
2.1 PLANT LAYOUT 20
2.2 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE 32
2.3 KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 35
2.4 TOPOSHEET 36
3.1 WIND ROSE DIAGRAM 85
3.2 LOCATION OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS 88
3.3 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS 110
3.4 MAJOR GEOLOGICAL FEATURES 111
3.5 HYDROLOGY PATTERN 112
3.6 DRAINAGE PATTERN 113
3.7 LANDUSE / LANDCOVER 114
3.8 TOPOSHEET 116
4.1 ISOPLETHS 156
4.2 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS OF STP 164
4.3 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS OF ETP 165
4.4 GOOGLE IMAGE OF ROAD CONNECTIVITY TO THE PROJECT SITE 170
6.1 ORGANOGRAM OF ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL 190
7.1 QRA METHODOLOGY 196
7.2 FLOW CHART FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT 197
7.3 HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL STORAGE AREA 199
I-10
TOR LETTER
I-11
I-12
I-13
I-14
I-15
I-16
I-17
TOR Compliance
SR.
NO.
TERMS OF REFERENCES COMPLIANCE
5(e): STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR
PETROCHEMICAL BASED PROCESSING (PROCESSES OTHER THAN CRACKING & REFORMATION AND NOT COVERED
UNDER THE COMPLEXES)PROJECTS AND INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN EIA/EMP REPORT
A. Standard Terms of Reference (TORs)
1 Executive Summary Refer Chapter-11, Page No. 308 to 323
2 Introduction
i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET
accreditation
Refer Annexure-8, Page No. 414
ii. Information about the project proponent Refer Chapter-1, Section-1.1.2, Page No. 2
iii. Importance and benefits of the project Refer Chapter-8, Section-8.5, Page No. 267
3 Project Description
i. Cost of project and time of completion Refer Chapter-1, Section-1.2.1, Page No. 7
ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project Refer Chapter-2, Section-2.7, Table-2.4, Page No. 37
iii. If expansion project, details of existing products with
capacities and whether adequate land is available for
expansion, reference of earlier EC if any.
This is green field project.
iv. List of raw materials required and their source along
with mode of transportation
Refer Chapter-2, Section-2.8, Table-2.5, Page No. 38
v. Other chemicals and materials required with quantities
and storage capacities
Refer Chapter-2, Section-2.8, Table-2.5, Page No. 38
vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste
generation and their management.
For détails of emission -Refer Chapter-2, Section-
2.11.1, Page No. 66-67
For details of effluent - Refer Chapter-2, Section-
2.10.2, Page No. 51
For details of hazardous waste generation and
management, Refer Chapter-2, Section-2.12.1, Page
No. 76-77.
vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply,
status of approval, water balance diagram, man-power
requirement (regular and contract)
Requirement of water = Refer Chapter-2, Section-
2.10.2, Table-2.6, Page No. 51.
Requirement of Power = Refer Chapter-2, Section-
2.11.4, Table-2.9, Page No. 73.
Water balance diagram= Refer Chapter-2, Section-
2.10.2, Page No. 52.
Man Power Requirement = This new project will
have employment opportunity for 1000 person
during construction phase (18 Months) and 425
persons (in ToR application: 500 Person) during
operation phase. Additional employment opportunity
for product dealers and distributors, and transport
sectors for product movements will increase the
employment opportunity indirectly.
viii. Process description along with major equipments and
machineries, process flow sheet (quantitative) from raw
material to products to be provided
Major equipments and machineries = Refer Chapter-
1, Section-1.2.3, Table-1.2, Page No. 8
Manufacturing Process = Refer Chapter-2, Section-
2.9, Page No. 40-44
ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety
systems
Refer Chapter-7, Section-7.1.4, Page No. 198
x. Expansion/modernization proposals:
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a. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including
Amendments thereto obtained for the project from
MoEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified
copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office
of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular
dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of
conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental
clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In
addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for
the ongoing existing operation of the project from SPCB
shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report.
Not Applicable as this is green field project, so
company has applied for EC for proposed unit.
b. In case the existing project has not obtained
environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under
the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA
Notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to
Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate
(in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006,
CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall
be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions
of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted.
Not Applicable as this is green field project
4 Site Details
i. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil,
District and State, Justification for selecting the site,
whether other sites were considered
Refer Chapter-2, Section-2.3, Page No. 32-36.
Selection of Site is referred as Chapter-2, Section
2.3.1, Page No. 30.
ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site
location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet.
(including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally
sensitive places)
Toposheet is referred as Chapter-2, Section-2.3,
Figure-2.4, Page No. 36.
iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site Refer Chapter-2, Section 2.3.1, Page No. 30.
iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site. Refer Chapter-2, Section-2.3, Page No. 30
v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site Refer Chapter-2, Section-2.3, Figure-2.2, Page No. 32
& 33.
vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed
unit indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area,
utilities etc. If located within an Industrial
area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating
location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate
Refer Chapter-2, Figure-2.1, Page No. 20
vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable)
plant site. If existing, show photographs of
plantation/greenbelt, in particular
This is green field project.
viii. Landuse break-up of total land of the project site
(identified and acquired), government/private -
agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements,
etc. shall be included. (not required for industrial area)
Refer Chapter-2, Section-2.2, Page No. 18
ix. A list of major industries with name and type within
study area (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use
details of the study area
Refer Chapter-2, Section-2.3.2, Page No. 31
x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the
study area shall be included.
Refer Chapter-3, Section-3.8, Page No. 111-112
xi. Details of Drainage of the project up to 5km radius of Refer Chapter-3, Section-3.8.2, Page No. 113
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study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major
river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood
occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the
past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and
maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided.
(mega green field projects)
xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not
complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected
time of complete possession of the land
Refer Chapter-2, Section-2.2.1, Page No. 21
xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state
Government policy
Refer Chapter-7, Section-7.19, Page No.265.
The unit is located in Industrial Complex of
SIPCOT (State Industries promotion Corporation
of Tamil nadu Limited). Hence, R & R is not
applicable to us.
5 Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable):
i. Permission and approval for the use of forest land
(forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the
State Forest Department. (if applicable)
Not Applicable
ii. Landuse map based on High resolution satellite imagery
(GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in
case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha)
Not Applicable
iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I
forestry clearance along with latest status shall be
submitted.
Not Applicable
iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National
Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors
of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the
map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing
these features vis-à-vis the project location and the
recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife
Warden-thereon
Not Applicable
v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the
Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for
conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study
area
Not Applicable
vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee
of the National Board for Wildlife
Not Applicable
6 Environmental Status
i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the
project site and site-specific micrometeorological data
using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed
and direction and rainfall.
Refer Chapter-3, Section-3.3, Page No. 83-84
ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10,
PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the
project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be
based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-
dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive
receptors including reserved forests.
Refer Chapter-3, Section-3.4, Page No. 90-91
iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all
stations as per frequency given in the NAQQM Notification
Refer Chapter-3, Section-3.4, Page No. 90-91
I-20
of Nov. 2009 along with - min., max., average and 98%
values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ
stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA
Report.
iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream
and downstream of discharge point) and other surface
drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines.
Refer Chapter-3, Section-3.6, Page No. 103-106
v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river
identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details
Not Applicable
vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations
shall be included
Refer Chapter-3, Section-3.6, Page No. 95-102
vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study
area
Refer Chapter-3, Section-3.5, Page No. 93
viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines Refer Chapter-3, Section-3.7, Page No. 108-109
ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of
vehicles for transportation of materials, additional traffic
due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc.
Refer Chapter-4, Section-4.7, Page No. 170
x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and
aquatic) existing in the study area shall be given with
special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species.
If Schedule-I fauna are found within the study area, a
Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished.
Refer Chapter-3, Section-3.11, Page No. 118-123
xi. Socio-economic status of the study area Refer Chapter-3, Section-3.12, Page No.139-147
7 Impact and Environment Management Plan
i. Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants
from the stack emission based on site-specific
meteorological features. In case the project is located on a
hilly terrain, the AQIP Modelling shall be done using inputs
of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the
potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative
impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation)
on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the
model used and the input data used for modelling shall also
be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a
location map showing the location of project site,
habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any.
Refer Chapter-4, Section-4.3, Page No. 152-160
ii. Water Quality modelling - in case of discharge in water
body
Refer Chapter-4, Section-4.5, Page No. 162
iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end
products on the surrounding environment shall be assessed
and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw
materials and finished products and wastes (large
quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor
cum-rail transport shall be examined.
Refer Chapter-4, Section-4.7, Page No. 170
iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant
operations, extent recycled and reused for different
purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent
treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated
effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge
under E(P) Rules.
Refer Chapter-2, Section-2.10.2, Page No. 50-64
v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control of Refer Chapter-4, Table-4.2, Page No. 154 and
I-21
emissions to meet standards. mitigation measures is referred as Chapter-4, Section
4.3.2, Page No. 160.
vi. Measures for fugitive emission control Refer Chapter-2, Section-2.11.5, Page No.72
vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their
storage, utilization and management. Copies of MOU
regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in
cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the
concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover
techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource
conservation.
Details of hazardous waste generation and their
storage, utilization and management = Refer
Chapter-2, Section-2.12, Page No. 75
EMP = Refer Chapter-10, Section-10.4, Page No. 278
Energy conservation = Refer Chapter-10, Section-
10.7, Page No. 305.
viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly
Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be
provided.
There will not generate fly ash from proposed
project.
ix. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 %
area i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving
details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule
etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the
project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads
used for the project shall also be incorporated.
Refer Chapter-10, Section-10.5, Page No. 294
x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant
site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof
tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water
and also to use for the various activities at the project site
to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement
from other sources.
Refer Chapter-10, Section-10.4.3.2, Page No. 282
xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for
environmental pollution control measures shall be
included.
Refer Chapter-1, Section-1.2.1, Page No. 7
xii. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring
shall be submitted.
Refer Chapter-6, Table-6.1, Page No. 186
xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made)
Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including
Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster
management plan should be linked with District Disaster
Management Plan.
Onsite Emergency Plant = Refer Chapter-7, Section-
7.6.3, Page No. 230
Offsite Emergency Plant = Refer Chapter-7, Section-
7.7, Page No. 238
8 Occupational health
i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational
health & safety of all contract and casual workers
PCBL (TN) Limited will allocate Rs.5.0 Lakhs per
month for the purpose of occupational, heath and
safety for the employees.
ii. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of
worker. If the workers' health is being evaluated by pre
designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry,
Vision testing (Far & Near vision, Colour vision and any
other ocular defect) ECG, during pre-placement and
periodical examinations give the details of the same.
Details regarding last month analyzed data of above-
mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of
exposure and department wise.
Refer Chapter-10, Section-10.6, Page No. 296
iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What
are the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are
Refer Chapter-10, Section-10.6.2, Page No. 299-303
I-22
within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not
within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to
keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be
preserved.
iv. Annual report of health status of workers with special
reference to Occupational Health and Safety.
Pre-Employment Examination and Periodic Medical
Examinations will be carried out.
9 Corporate Environment Policy
i. Does the company have a well laid down Environment
Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be
detailed in the EIA report.
Refer Chapter-10, Section-10.3.2, Page No. 276
ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard
operating process / procedures to bring into focus any
infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or
forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the
EIA.
Refer Chapter-10, Section-10.3.2, Page No. 276
iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order
of the company to deal with the environmental issues and
for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance
conditions? Details of this system may be given.
Refer Chapter-10, Section-10.3, Page No. 274
iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non-
compliances / violations of environmental norms to the
Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or
stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be
detailed in the EIA report
Refer Chapter-6, Section-6.7, Page No. 191
10 Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation,
fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labor force during
construction as well as to the casual workers including
truck drivers during operation phase.
Company will provide the infrastructure facilities such
as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. during construction
phase as well as to the casual workers including truck
drivers during operation phase.
11 Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC)
i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall
be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment
based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along
with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio-
economic development activities need to be elaborated
upon
Refer Chapter-8, Section-8.6, Page No. 269
12 Any litigation pending against the project and/or any
direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the
project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the
unit received any notice under the Section 5 of
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of
Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and
compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the
case.
Not Applicable
13 A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of
above TOR
As Above
B. Specific Terms of Reference (TORs)
1 Details on requirement of raw material, its source of supply
and storage at the plant.
Refer Chapter-2, Section-2.8, Table-2.5, Page No. 38
2 Complete process flow diagram for all products with Manufacturing Process = Refer Chapter-2, Section-
I-23
material balance. 2.9, Page No. 40-44
3 Details on requirement of auxiliary chemicals, solvents,
catalysts, reactors and utilities to support the unit
processes.
Major equipments and machineries = Refer Chapter-
1, Section-1.2.3, Table-1.2, Page No. 8
4 Brief description of equipments for various process. Manufacturing Process = Refer Chapter-2, Section-
2.9, Page No. 40-44
5 Details of proposed source- specific pollution control
schemes and equipments to meet the national standards.
For détails of emission -Refer Chapter-2, Section-
2.11.1, Page No. 66-67
For details of effluent - Refer Chapter-2, Section-
2.10.2, Page No. 51
For details of hazardous waste generation and
management, Refer Chapter-2, Section-2.12.1, Page
No. 76-77.
6 Details on VOC emission control system from vents, stacks,
fugitive emissions and flare management, etc.
Refer Chapter-2, Section-2.11.5, Page No.72
7 Details on proposed LDAR protocol. Refer Chapter-10, Section-10.4.4.1, Page No.288
8 Ambient air quality should include hydrocarbon (methane
and non methane), VOC and VCM (if applicable).
Refer Chapter-3, Section-3.4, Page No. 90-91
9 Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan Refer Chapter-7 of EIA Report, Page No. 194-238
Identification of hazards Refer Chapter-7, Section-7.1.4, Page No.198
Consequence Analysis Refer Chapter-7, Section-7.5, Page No.220
Measures for mitigation of risk. Refer Chapter-7, Section-7.5, Page No.226 -229
I-24
UNDERTAKING – PROJECT PROPONENT
June 24, 2021
UNDERTAKING
We PCBL (TN) Ltd., own this EIA Report for Proposed Different Grades of Carbon Black
(Production Capacity: 1.925 Lakh Tonne/Annum) Manufacturing Unit and 36 MW Waste
Heat Recovery Based Captive Power Plant at Plot No. A7, Sipcot Industrial Complex, Village:
Thervoykandigai, Taluka: Gummidipoondi, Dist: Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu.
Thanking you.
Yours faithfully,
For PCBL (TN) LTD.
Authorized Signatory
I-25
Declaration by Experts Contributing to the EIA Report of
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. Plot No. A7, Sipcot Industrial Complex, Village:
Thervoykandigai, Taluka: Gummidipoondi, Dist: Thiruvallur,
Tamil Nadu
EIA Co-Ordinator: Mr. Dhaval Jhaveri
Signatory:
Date: 24/06/2021
I-26
I-27
I-28
I-29
Declaration by Head of the Organization
I, Jayeshkumar S. Patel hereby confirm that the above-mentioned team members were
involved in preparation of EIA Report of M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. I also confirm that I shall be fully
accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 1
CHAPTER - 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
M/S. PCBL (TN) LTD is a wholly owned subsidiary of M/s Phillips Carbon Black Limited
(PCBL) is the first Carbon Black company in the world to receive carbon credits. PCBL has
redefined its business by establishing captive power plants at each factory from the off-gas
or waste gas from the carbon black manufacturing process thus creating a sustainable green
movement. The gas, a by-product of carbon black production, is harnessed for generating
electricity at the PCBL's Captive Power Plants (CPP), at Palej, Durgapur, Mundra and Kochi.
The Company has heavily cut down on carbon and gas emission, and serves green power to
Large Private industrial units and State Electricity utilities. At present, the combined
production capacity is 5.71 lakh ton/Annum. Now, PCBL (TN) LTD planned to set up a unit in
SIPCOT industrial park, Thervoy Kandigai. Proposed facility will be located at Plot No A7 of
Thervoy kandigai Village, SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Gummidipoondi Taluk, Tiruvallur
District and Tamil Nadu. The allotted land area is 60.02 Acres (242892.32 Sq.m). The land
allotted from SIPCOT industrial complex to the proponent for this proposed project.
The project scope involves in the production capacity of 1.925 lakh tone/annum in both
rubber and specialized carbon black products along with Captive power plant (36 MW).
These products are widely used in tyres manufacturing, ink jet toners, printing newspaper
and other such uses. These product requirements are high in demand.
The project falls under Category ‘A’, schedule 5 (e) - Petrochemical based processing
(processes other than cracking & reformation and not covered under the complexes) as
per the EIA notification dated September 14, 2006 and its amendments. Since Tamil Nadu-
Andhra Pradesh interstate boundary at a distance of ~ 2.83 Km.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 2
1.1.1 JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT
This project is based on the fact that the Phillips Carbon Black limited (Parent Company) has
a Good Market reach & Goodwill in South Indian Tyre Paint, Ink & Rubber Industries. Phillips
Carbon Black limited (Parent Company) has a sizeable Market share which has been growing
every year. Most importantly, Tyre, the Paint, Ink & Rubber production / Consumption are
very high in Southern India specifically Tamil Nadu as the level of industrialization is high.
Chennai is called the Detroit of India because of Auto Manufacturing and Auto industries
consume a lot of Carbon Black for Tyre, Paints & Rubber Industries. The Growth of Tyre,
Paint, Ink & Rubber Industries in this Region is very positive and future demand is likely to
grow. This is authenticated by the fact that Many Major Manufacturers in these three
Industries are either already present or setting up their manufacturing facility or expanding
there manufacturing facility in southern part of India as they foresee a healthy & sustained
future demand of their Products in this Region.
1.1.2 PROMOTERS AND THEIR BACK GROUND
M/s. Phillips Carbon Black limited (Parent Company) is India's largest and globally seventh
largest Carbon Black producer with a total annual production capacity of 5.71 Lakh tonne in
India. Carbon black is majorly consumed (80%) as raw material in tyre manufacturing
industries and some are in high end specialized applications such as plastics products, inks,
paints etc. It is observed that the global carbon black market is expected to surpass $25
billion by 2025 growing at a CAGR of over 4% driven by rising demand from tyre industry, in
addition to construction and manufacturing sectors which use carbon black to provide
strength to industrial rubber compounds and other equipment. The Company has heavily
cut down on carbon and gas emission and serves green power to large private industrial
units and state electricity companies. All activities will be carried out in this project under a
new company which is PCBL (TN) Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Phillips Carbon Black
limited.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 3
M/s. PCBL (TN) LIMITED is under the umbrella of RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group and details of its
directors are given below
Sr. No. Name of Directors Designation
1 Shri. Rajkumar Gupta Director
2 Shri. Utpal Saha Director
3 Shri. Kaushik Mukherjee Director
1.1.3 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
For proposed project; following assumptions has been considered:
a. Capacity of Plant 192500 MT/Annum
b. Total working days in a year 350 days
c. Adequate Raw material & Finished Goods storage facility
S.N
o Act/Rules Purpose
Applica
ble
Yes/No
Reason for
Applicability Authority
1
The Environment
Protection Act-
1986
To protect and improve
overall environment Yes
Since the project is
new, it attracts this
Act
MOEF& CC. GoI; CPCB;
SPCB
2
Environmental
Impact Assessment
Notification 14th
Sep 2006 and
subsequent
amendments time
to time
To provide
environmental
Clearance to new
development
/Expansion
Modernization
activitiesfollowingenviro
nmentalimpact
assessment
Yes
The project falls
under Schedule5(e)
Category A. As per
the notification since
it is New project.
MOEF& CC
3
The National
Environment
Appellate Authority
Act(NEAA) 1997
Address Grievances
regarding the Process of
environmental
clearance.
Yes
Grievances if any will
be dealt with, within
this act.
NEAA
4
The Land
Acquisition Act
1894&1989
Set out rule for
acquisition of land by
government
No Since land is allotted
to PP by SIPCOT SIPCOT
5
The Air (Prevention
and
Control of
Pollution) Act, 1981
Prevention, control and
abatement of air
pollution
Yes
During Operation-Air
Pollutants from the
unit to be managed
as per the Act.
CPCB and SPCB
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 4
6
The Water
Prevention
And Control of
Pollution) Act 1974
amended1988
Prevention and control
of water. Pollution and
also maintaining or
restoring the
wholesomeness of
water
Yes
Water Pollutants
generated from the
unit will be treated
as per prescribed
standards
CPCB and SPCB
7
The Noise Pollution
(Regulation and
Control) Act 1990
The standards for noise
for day and night have
been promulgated by
the MOEF&CC for
various land uses.
Yes
This act will be
applicable as
vehicular noise, to
assess for future
years and necessary
protection measure
needs to be
considered in design.
CPCB and SPCB
8
Environmental(Prot
ection)Rules,1986
(Amendments
in1999,2001,2002,2
002,2002,2003,200
4)
Protection and
Improvement of the
Environment.
Yes
As all environmental
notifications, rules
and Schedules are
issued under this act.
MOEF& CC, GoI; CPCB
and
SPCB
9
Hazardous Waste
(Management and
Handling)
Rules,1989
amended 2000 and
2016
Management &
Handling of Hazardous
wastes from proposed
project
Yes
Hazardous wastes
generated from the
unit will be managed
as per the Rules
CPCB, SPCB,DGFT, Port
Authority andCustoms
Authority
10
Manufacture
Storage and Import
of Hazardous
Chemicals Rules,
1989 amended
2000
Regulate the
manufacture,
storage and import of
Hazardous Chemicals
Yes
The facility will
handle LDO and HSD
fuel for operation.
Thus, associated fire
and explosion
hazards will attract
these rules.
Ministry of
Environment &
Forests, CPCB, SPCB,
Chief Inspector of
Factories, Chief
Inspector of Mines,
AERB, Chief Controller
of Explosives, District
Collector or District
Emergency Authority,
CEES under DRDO
11
Chemical Accidents
(Emergency
Planning,
Preparedness and
Response)
Rules,1996
Emergency Planning
Preparedness and
Response to chemical
accidents
Yes
The facility will
handle LDO and HSD
fuel for operation.
Thus, associated fire
and explosion
hazards will attract
these rules.
CCG, SCG, DCG, LCG
and MAH Units
12
Batteries
(Management
And Handling)
Rules, 2001
To control the waste
generation (lead waste)
from used lead acid
batteries
Yes
Use of Lead Acid
Batteries
For the Industry will
attract the Rule
SPCB, CPCB
13
The Public Liability
Insurance Act,1991
Amended 1992
To provide immediate
relief Persons affected
by accident involving
hazardous substances
Yes
Protect the staff
working in the
Industry due to use
ofHazardous
Substances
District Collector
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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14 The Factories Act,
1948
Control of work place
environment, and
providing for good
health and safety of
workers
Yes
All the industries to
be established
attract the Act.
Ministry of Labour,
DGFASLI and
Directorate of
Industrial Safety and
Health/ Factories
Inspectorate
15 The Petroleum Act,
1934
Regulate the import,
transport,storage,
production, refining and
blending of petroleum
Yes
Since petroleum
products are stored,
it attracts the Act.
Ministry of Petroleum
and Natural Gas
16 The Petroleum
Rules, 2002
Regulate the import,
transport,
storage, production,
refining and blending of
petroleum
Yes
Since petroleum
products are stored,
it attracts the Act.
Ministry of Petroleum
and Natural Gas,
Ministry of
Environment & Forests
or SPCB Chief
Controller of
Explosives, district
authority
17 The Gas Cylinder
Rules, 2004
Regulate the import,
storage, handling and
transportation of gas
cylinders with a view to
prevent accidents
Yes
Since gases (Toxic,
non-toxic and non-
flammable, non-toxic
and flammable,
Dissolved Acetylene
Gas, Nontoxic and
flammable
liquefiable LPG, are
used it attracts the
Rules.
Ministry of Commerce
and
Industry and Chief
Controller of
Explosives, collector,
DGCA, DC, DM, Police
(sub-inspector to
commissioner)
18
The Static and
MobilePressureVes
sels(Unfired)
Rules,1981
Regulate the import,
manufacture, design,
installation,
transportation,
handling, use and
testing of mobile and
static pressure vessels
(unfired) with a view to
prevent accidents
Yes
Since the industry
uses boiler &
pressure vessels, it
attracts the Rules.
Ministry of Commerce
and
Industry and Chief
Controller of
Explosives, collector,
DGCA, DC, DM, Police
(sub-inspector to
commissioner)
19
Central Motor
Vehicle Act 1988
and Central Motor
Vehicle Rules 1989
For transportation of
dangerous goods No
Raw material which
we receive and
transport which are
not Dangerous
goods.
Ministry of Road
Transport and
Highways
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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1.1.4 REGULATORY PROVISION
For Proposed Project; following assumptions has been considered:
1) Proposed project falls under Category A – 5(e) as per EIA Notification, 2006, so we have
applied for environmental clearance at MoEFCC, New Delhi.
General condition: Since Tamil Nadu- Andhra Pradesh interstate boundary at a distance
of ~ 2.83 Km.
Specific Condition: The proposed Project falls under the Specific Conditions and the
proposed project comes under SIPCOT industrial complex Thervoy Kandigai, Thiruvallur
District, Tamilnadu.
2) Consent to Establish/Consent to operate for proposed project shall be applied from
SPCB.
The EIA study was undertaken covering all the aspects of the specific conditions mentioned
in the terms of reference issued by MoEF&CC. This EIA study was undertaken by M/s. Aqua
Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat, a NABET accredited EIA consulting
organisation, with specific project related inputs required for undertaking the EIA studies
from M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited, Thiruvallur.
M/s. M/s. Aqua Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat is approved for Sector 20 -
Petrochemical based processing (processes other than cracking & reformation and not
covered under the complexes) as per the NABET accreditation scheme vide Certificate No.
NABET/EIA/2023/IA0062 valid till 07.10.2023.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 7
1.2 PROJECT DETAILS
1.2.1 TOTAL PROJECT COST
The estimated project cost is Rs. 615 Crores.
SR.
NO.
PARTICULARS ESTIMATED COST (INR IN CRORES)
1 Land and Site Development 26.00
2 Building 33.00
3 Plant and Machineries 461.20
4 Environmental Pollution Control
Measures
94.80
TOTAL 615.00
1.2.1.1 TIME OF COMPLETION
Company will start construction after getting EC & CTE.
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1.2.2 PLOT AREA
Total Plot Area = 242892.53 m2. Total Green Belt = 81315 m2 i.e. 33% of Total Plot Area shall
be developed as greenbelt and other forms of greenery.
TABLE 1.1
BREAK UP OF DIFFERENT LAND USE OF FACTORY
SR. NO. LAND USE PLOT AREA
(m2)
1 Plant Built area 121212
2 Driveway Area 28000
3 Green belt 81315
4 Other Area 12365.53
TOTAL 242892.53
1.2.3 EXACT DETAILS ABOUT INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES, PLANT MACHINERIES, ETC.
REQUIRED FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT
TABLE NO. 1.2
LIST OF MACHINERIES AND EQUIPMENT
Prod
uct Equipment Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6 Total
Carb
on
Black
Line
Capacity
80
MT/day
80
MT/day
80
MT/day
150
MT/day
80
MT/day
80
MT/da
y
550
MT/day
Process Air
Blower
15,000
Nm3/hr,
0.825
kg/cm2, 1
Nos
15,000
Nm3/hr,
0.825
kg/cm2,
1 Nos
15,000
Nm3/hr,
0.825
kg/cm2, 2
Nos (1
Stand by
for All
Reactors)
20,000
Nm3/hr,
0.825
kg/cm2,
2 Nos (1
Stand
by for
All
Reactor
s)
15,000
Nm3/hr,
0.825
kg/cm2,
1 Nos
15,000
Nm3/h
r,
0.825
kg/cm2
, 2 Nos
(1
Stand
by for
All
Reacto
rs)
9 Nos.
Reactors
Nos: 1
Capacity
80
MT/day
Nos: 1
Capacit
y
80
Nos: 1
Capacity
80
MT/day
Nos: 1
Capacity
150
MT/day
Nos: 1
Capacity
80
MT/day
Nos: 1
Capaci
ty
80
6 Nos.
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MT/day MT/da
y
Prcess Bag
Collector
4
Compart
ments
with 320
bags
each
4
Compar
tments
with
320
bags
each
4
Compart
ments
with 320
bags each
4
Compar
tments
with
320
bags
each
4
Compar
tments
with
320
bags
each
4
Compa
rtment
s with
320
bags
each
24
Compartme
nts
Vapour bag
Collector
2
Compart
ment
with 192
bags
each
2
Compar
tment
with
192
bags
each
2
Compart
ment
with 192
bags each
2
Compar
tment
with
252
bags
each
2
Compar
tment
with
192
bags
each
2
Compa
rtment
with
192
bags
each
12
Compartme
nts
Dense Bag
Collector
1
Compart
ment
with 252
bags
1
Compar
tment
with
252
bags
1
Compart
ment
with 252
bags
2
Compar
tment
with
252
bags
each
1
Compar
tment
with
252
bags
1
Compa
rtment
with
252
bags
7
Compartme
nts
Rerun Bag
Collector
1
Compart
ment
with 192
bags
1
Compar
tment
with
192
bags
1
Compart
ment
with 192
bags
1
Compar
tment
with
192
bags
1
Compar
tment
with
192
bags
1
Compa
rtment
with
192
bags
6
Compartme
nts
Dedusting
Bag
Collector
1
Compart
ment
with 192
bags
1
Compar
tment
with
192
bags
1
Compart
ment
with 192
bags
1
Compar
tment
with
192
bags
1
Compar
tment
with
192
bags
1
Compa
rtment
with
192
bags
6
Compartme
nts
Dryer
1 Set,
Capacity
96
MT/day
1 Set,
Capacit
y
96
MT/day
1 Set,
Capacity
96
MT/day
1 Set,
Capacity
180
MT/day
1 Set,
Capacity
96
MT/day
1 Set,
Capaci
ty
96
MT/da
y
6 Sets
Bucket
Elevator
1 Set,
Capacity:
96
MT/day
1 Set,
Capacit
y: 96
MT/day
1 Set,
Capacity:
96
MT/day
1 Set,
Capacity
:
180
MT/day
1 Set,
Capacity
: 96
MT/day
1 Set,
Capaci
ty: 96
MT/da
y
6 Sets
Silos
6 Nos,
Capacity
100 MT
each
6 Nos,
Capacit
y
100 MT
each
6 Nos,
Capacity
100 MT
each
6 Nos,
Capacity
150MT
each
6 Nos,
Capacity
100 MT
each
6 Nos,
Capaci
ty
100
MT
36 Nos.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 10
each
CPP
Boilers*
Set-1: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm2
Set-2: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm2,
Set-3: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm2 3 Set
Turbo
Generators 1 Set: 12 MW, 2 Set: 12 MW, 3 Set: 12 MW 3 Set
Water
Treatment
Cum
Effluent
Treatment
Plant**
1 Set: 2785 KLD 1 Set
Note:
*In form -1, Boiler capacity is mentioned as 32 TPH, 80 TPH, 24 TPH & 60 TPH (each 1 Nos)
One Boiler is removed due to the reduction in production capacity.
** In form -1 ,Water Treatment Cum Effluent Treatment Plant is 3731 KLD
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1.3 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT & INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES INCLUDING
POWER SOURCES
Sr.
No.
Salient Features Details
1 Location of project
Co-ordinates
Plot No. A7, Thervoy Kandigai SIPCOT Industrial Park Thervoy
Kandigai village, Gummidipoondi Taluk, Thiruvallur District, Tamil
Nadu -601202, India.
13°21'44.22"N & 79°58'54.82"E
2 Status of Land acquisition Land is already acquired
3 Project Activity Schedule,
Category as per EIA notification,
2006
Schedule 5 (e) Petrochemical based processing (processes other
than cracking & reformation and not covered under the complexes)
and Category A.
General condition: Since Tamil Nadu- Andhra Pradesh interstate
boundary at a distance of ~ 2.83 Km.
Specific Condition: The proposed Project falls under the Specific
Conditions and the Proposed project comes under SIPCOT industrial
complex Thervoy Kandigai, Thiruvallur District, Tamilnadu.
4 Land area of project site 242892.53 m2
Sr. No. Land Use Plot Area (m2)
1 Plant Built area 121212
2 Driveway Area 28000
3 Green belt 81315
4 Other Area 12365.53
TOTAL 242892.53
5 Fuel to be used
LDO/HSD for Boiler– 0.894 MT/Day from retail supplier
HSD for D G Set – 400 Liter/Day from IOC/HP
6 Source of Water Water requirement will be met through the SIPCOT Water Supply
7 Total Water Quantity Domestic: 57 KLD
Gardening: 207 KLD
Industrial: 3319 KLD
Total: 3583 KLD
8 Quantity of industrial effluent
generation and domestic
wastewater generation
Domestic: 42 KLD
Industrial: 517 KLD
Total: 559 KLD
9 Treatment of effluent
Disposal of treated effluent
STP with capacity of 50 KLD. Treated Sewage will be used for
Greenbelt.
Total effluent generated will be treated in Water Treatment cum
Effluent Treatment Plant which will consist of Ultra filtration, RO,
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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ZLD etc. Treated Effluent will be reused at different stages in the
plant.
10 Details of process emissions The source of flue gas emission will be:
Boiler (54 TPH, 54 TPH, 54 TPH) – 3 Nos.
Flare Stack – 2 Nos.
DG Sets – 1300 KVA x 1 Nos. & 1200 KVA x 1 Nos. = 2 Nos.
(Stand By)
Vapor Bag Collector – 6 Nos.
Dryer – 6 Nos. Stack
Process gas collector – 2 stacks
Venturi Scrubbers - 2 stacks
Dedusting & Rerun Bag Collection – 12 Nos.
11 Hazardous waste generation
Used or spent Oil @ 6.0 MT/Annum which shall be Collected,
Stored, Transported & Disposed by sale to TNPCB authorized
Recyclers.
Discarded Drums & containers @ 12 MT/Annum & Discarded liners
waste paper bags, waste plastic bags & cardboards @ 6 MTPM
which shall be Collected, Stored, decontaminated, recycled/Reused
& transported back to the supplier for reuse or sold to TNPCB
authorized vendor.
ETP Sludge, WTP Sludge & MEE Sludge @ 3350 MT/Annum shall be
Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for
land filling.
Used filter cloth @ 2 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored,
Transported & Disposed by sale to TNPCB authorized Recyclers.
Used Oily cotton waste/weather hand gloves/cotton hand gloves@
2 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed
to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Discarded filter medium (bag filter) @ 12 MT/Annum shall be
Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for
land filling.
Ceramic wool/waste insulation material @ 12 MT/Annum shall be
Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for
land filling.
Spent Ion exchange Resins @ 1 MT/Annum shall be Collected,
Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land
filling.
Oily Sludge Emulsion @ 15 MT /Annum shall be Collected, Stored &
Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Chemical Sludge from Waster water treatment @ 35 MT/annum
shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized
TSDF for land filling.
Used Batteries @ 0.1MT/annum shall be Collected, Stored &
Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Spent Acid Batteries @ 0.024 MT/annum shall be Collected, Stored
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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& Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
13 Power requirement & source Power Requirement during Operation Phase – 11.20 MW from
CPP/TANGEDCO
DG Sets – 1300 KVA x 1 Nos. & 1200 KVA x 1 Nos. = 2 Nos.
(Stand By)
14 Names & distance of National
parks, Wildlife sanctuaries,
Reserve Forests etc. Located
within 10 Km from the plant
boundary
Nil within 15 Km radius
Pulicat Bird Sanctuary core is located at a distance of ~17.09 Km (NE)
from the project Site.
15 Any litigation/Court case
pertaining to the project:
No litigation/Court case pertaining to the industry.
16 Total Cost of the Project:
Rs. (Crores)
The estimated project cost is Rs. 615 Crores.
17 Major Water bodies Sl.No Water Bodies Distance (km) Direction
1. KKTK Reservoir 0.89 N
2. Canal near
Tambunaidupalaiyam 2.12 SSE
3. Canal near Karadiputtur 2.2 W
4. TG/Satya Sai Ganga Canal 4.86 W
5. Arani River 7.13 SSE
6. Korttalaiyar R 14.08 S
18 Nearest railway Station Gummidipoondi railway station ≃15.73 km (ENE)
19 Nearest Airport Chennai International Airport ≃43.13 km (SSE)
20
Nearest Port (by road)
Ennore Kamarajar Port ~ 38.45 km (ESE)
Kattupalli Adani Port ~ 37.11 km (E)
Chennai Port ≃43.75km (SE)
21 Nearest Highway
SH- 51 (Korthalaiyar Bridge –Palavakkam –Puthur Road) ~ 5.06 Km (S)
NH- 16 (Kharagpur-Gummudipundi-Chennai)~ 15.10 Km (ENE)
22 Interstate Boundary
Tamil Nadu- Andhra Pradesh interstate boundary at a distance of ~
2.83Km (NW)
23 Nearest village Description ~Dist Dir Population
Gopalareddikandigai 0.92km NW 126
1.4 PURPOSE OF EIA
The EIA study is carried out to assess the pollution potential and evaluate the adequacy and
efficiency of proposed Pollution Control & Environmental Management System.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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1.5 OBJECTIVES OF EIA
The main objectives of the study are
1) To assess the background environmental status,
2) To identify potential sources of pollution,
3) To predict and evaluate the impact on environment along with pollution control
measures taken and
4) To prepare a comprehensive Environment Management Plan and Disaster
Management Plan.
1.6 METHODOLOGIES FOR EIA
Taking into consideration proposed project activities and guidelines, an area of 10 km radius
from the center of the project has been selected and is designated as the study area for the
purpose of EIA studies.
1.6.1 Base Line Condition
The samples of ambient air, ground and surface water and soil are collected and analyzed as
per the standard methods for establishing the baseline data and to determine the impact of
proposed activity on the same.
1.6.2 Ambient Air Environment
The air environment around the plant was studied by setting up eight locations within the
study area of 10 km radius from the project site and collection and monitoring the site-
specific meteorological data, viz. wind speed, wind direction, humidity, rainfall and ambient
temperature was carried out. Design of network for ambient air quality monitoring locations
is based on guidelines provided by CPCB. The ambient air samples were collected and
analyzed for SPM, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, O3, Pb, CO, NH3, C6H6, Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP),
Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni) & VOCs for identification, prediction, evaluation and assessment of
potential impact on ambient air environment.
1.6.3 Ground and Surface Water Environment
The water required for domestic and industrial use is being made available from the SIPCOT
Water Authority. Hence, to assess the physico-chemical quality of the water, a number of
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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water samples were collected and analyzed for pollution parameters viz., pH, TDS, Turbidity,
BOD3, COD, Fluorides, Chlorides, Sulphates, Nitrates, Ammonical Nitrogen, Hardness,
Alkalinity, Oil & Grease and some heavy metals in order to find out the contamination, if
any.
1.6.4 Noise Environment
Noise pollution survey was conducted in the study zone. The anticipated noise sources were
industrial activities, which are likely to be increased due to proposed activity. Noise levels
were also recorded in surrounding villages for evaluating general scenario of the study area.
Hourly equivalent sound levels (Leq) were also recorded for calculating Day and Night noise
levels in the surrounding villages.
1.6.5 Soil Environment
Soil sampling and analysis was carried out to assess physico-chemical characteristics of the
soils and delineate existing cropping pattern, existing land use and topography, within the
study area.
1.6.6 Biological Environment
Keeping in view, the importance of biological component of total environment due to the
proposed project, biological characterization of terrestrial and aquatic environments,
changes in species diversity of flora and fauna in terrestrial as well as aquatic systems were
studied for impact analysis due to proposed project activity, if any.
1.6.7 Socio-economic Environment
Demographic and related socio-economic data was collected from census handbook to
assess socio-economic status of the study area. Assessment of impact on significant
historical, cultural, and archeological sites/places in the area and economic and employment
benefit arisen out from the project is given special attention.
1.6.8 Identification of Pollution Source
Detailed study of manufacturing process for proposed scenario is carried out along with
input and output of materials, water and wastewater as well as infrastructure facilities
available.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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1.6.9 Evaluation of Pollution Control and Environmental Management System
The qualitative and quantitative analysis of various pollution sources as well as evaluation of
pollution control system is carried out.
1.6.10 Evaluation of Impact
A comprehensive evaluation of environmental impact with reference to proposed activities
is carried out.
1.6.11 Preparation of Environmental Management Plan
A comprehensive Environmental Management Plan has been prepared covering all the
aspects of pollution prevention measures, Air and Water Pollution Control measures,
Hazardous Waste Management, Environmental Surveillance and Environmental
Management Plan.
The present report is an EIA conducted during Summer Season, 2021 (March, 2021 to May,
2021). The baseline environmental conditions have been established through field
monitoring and literature survey.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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CHAPTER – 2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES
2.1 BACKGROUND
M/S. PCBL (TN) LTD is a wholly owned subsidiary of M/s Phillips Carbon Black Limited
(PCBL). PCBL is the first Carbon Black company in the world to receive carbon credits. PCBL
has redefined its business by establishing captive power plants at each factory from the off-
gas or waste gas from the carbon black manufacturing process thus creating a sustainable
green movement. The gas, a by-product of carbon black production, is harnessed for
generating electricity at the Company's Captive Power Plants (CPP), at Palej, Durgapur,
Mundra and Kochi. The Company has heavily cut down on carbon and gas emission, and
serves green power to Large Private industrial units and State Electricity utilities. At present,
the combined production capacity is 5.71 lakh ton/Annum. Now, PCBL (TN) LTD planned to
set up a unit in SIPCOT industrial park, Thervoy Kandigai. Proposed facility will be located at
Plot No A7 of Thervoy kandigai Village, SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Gummidipoondi Taluk,
Tiruvallur District and Tamil Nadu. The allotted land area is 60.02 Acres (242892.32 Sq.m).
The land allotted from SIPCOT industrial complex to the proponent for this proposed project.
The project scope involves in the production capacity of 1.925 lakh tone/annum in both
rubber and specialized carbon black products along with Captive power plant (36 MW).
These products are widely used in tyres manufacturing, ink jet toners, printing newspaper
and other such uses. These product requirements are high in demand.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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2.2 LAND REQUIREMENT FOR THE PROJECT INCLUDING ITS BREAK UP FOR VARIOUS
PURPOSES, ITS AVAILABILITY
Total Plot Area = 242892.53 m2. Total Green Belt = 81315 m2 i.e. 33% of Total Plot Area shall
be developed as greenbelt and other forms of greenery.
BREAK UP OF DIFFERENT LAND USE OF FACTORY
S. No Description Area (sq.m) %
1
Production
Dryer Area 13150 5.41
Dryer Area (Future) 6610 2.72
Bag Filter Area 7670 3.16
Bag Filter Area (Future) 3640 1.50
Reactor Area 4361 1.80
Reactor Area (Future) 1740 0.72
2
Storage
Product Storage 15100 6.22
Product Storage (Future) 7550 3.11
Raw material 11870 4.89
Crude Material 0 0.00
Water Storage (4 Nos) 2740 1.13
Hazardous Waste Storage 900 0.37
Engineering Spares 660 0.27
3 Scrap Yard 450 0.19
4 Boiler with TG 6030 2.48
5 Boiler with TG (Future) 5450 2.24
6 Air Cooled Condenser 3070 1.26
7 Air Cooled Condenser (Future) 2780 1.14
8 APH Area 700 0.29
9 Additive Area 600 0.25
10 DCS Building With Electrical Room and Lab (G+2) 3315 1.36
11 Electrical Workshop 630 0.26
12 I&C workshop 630 0.26
13 Mechanical Workshop 630 0.26
14 Cooling Tower 800 0.33
15 PAB 750 0.31
16 Future PAB 750 0.31
17 Compressor & Air Receiver 837.5 0.34
18 Compressor & Air Receiver (Future) 837.5 0.34
19 Molasses Area 600 0.25
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20 Raw Material 2 (Future) 1790 0.74
21 HSD 1147 0.47
22 DG Area 375 0.15
23 Security Room 1 190 0.08
24 Security Room 2 160 0.07
25 MRS Building 300 0.12
26 Admin Building (G+1) 1360 0.56
27 Canteen 702 0.29
28 Pump House 200 0.08
29 Water treatment Plant 1575 0.65
30 ETP 800 0.33
31 STP 100 0.04
32 DM Plant Office & WTP Structure 50 0.02
33 Switchyard 7612 3.13
Total Built-Up Area (A)* 121212 49.90
Permissible Green Belt (33%) 80154.53 -
Proposed Green Belt Area (B)** 81315 33.47
Total Road area (c) 28000 11.53
Misc Area (D) 12365.53 5.10
Total Plot Area (A+B+C+D) 242892.53 100.00
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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FIGURE – 2.1
LAYOUT OF THE PLANT
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2.2.1 LAND POSSESSION DOCUMENTS
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 23
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 24
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 25
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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2.3 PROJECT SETTING
M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. located at Thervoy Kandigai SIPCOT Industrial Park is located at
longitude 79°58'54.82"E and latitude 13°21'44.22"N. Detailed Layout map of the plant is
shown in Figure – 2.2.
TABLE -2.1 SITE COORDINATES
Site Corner Latitude Longitude
Centre coordinates 13°21'44.22"N 79°58'54.82"E
A1 13°21'51.31"N 79°59'7.59"E
A2 13°21'39.50"N 79°59'7.62"E
A3 13°21'39.05"N 79°59'7.21"E
A4 13°21'39.08"N 79°58'42.76"E
A5 13°21'39.39"N 79°58'42.48"E
A6 13°21'47.61"N 79°58'43.27"E
A7 13°21'49.11"N 79°58'42.61"E
A8 13°21'49.15"N 79°58'59.00"E
A9 13°21'51.32"N 79°58'59.01"E
2.3.1 Site Selection
Proposed project site is located in Plot No. A-7 Survey No: 32/2Pt Thervoy Kandigai SIPCOT
Industrial Park, Thervoy Kandigai village, Gummidipoondi Taluk, Thiruvallur District, Tamil
Nadu -601202.
TABLE -2.2 Alternative Site analysis:
State District Locations Reason for project location abandonment
Andhra Pradesh Nellore Naidupeta
Industrial park
1. Nearest road connectivity not in good
condition for smooth movement of Finished
goods & raw material containers.
2. Site located far from Major tyre
customers units located in Southern part of
India and therefore increase in Finished
goods logistics cost.
Andhra Pradesh Nellore Attivaram
Industrial park
Telangana Nalgonda Miryalaguda
Industrial park
1. Long distance between plant and nearest
seaport for transportation of Raw material
and Finished goods and therefore increase
in logistics cost.
2. Site located far from Major tyre
customers units located in Southern part of
India and therefore increase in Finished
goods logistics cost
Telangana Suryapet Suryapet
Industrial park
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3. Basic Infrastructure ( Road connectivity ,
water supply , Electricity supply ) not
available, unreadiness for new Carbon Black
plant setup
Based on the above comparison, SIPCOT Thervoykandigai site (Tamil Nadu) was selected
based on the following benefits:
1. Site is ~ 37.11 km (E) away from Kattupalli Port since 95% of raw materials will be
imported and 60% of product will be exported by sea. It is very important to locate near the
port.
2. Site is located very near to major tyres industries (Michellin tyre is located next to the site
and other major Tyres companies like Apollo, JK, bridgestone etc).
3. Site is well connected by road (~5.06 km, S), railways (~15.73 Km, ENE) and Airway (~43.13
km, SSE).
4. Adequate land is available within the SIPCOT.
5. 100% assurance of water supply by SIPCOT.
TABLE -2.3 NEAREST HABITAT PROFILE FROM THE PROJECT SITE:
Description ~Dist Dir Population
Teruvai 1.34km NE 3122
Gopalareddikandigai 0.92km NW 126
Karadiputtur 1.17km W 1926
Tambunaidupalaiyam 2.70km SSE Part of Sengarai Village-
1368
Aramani 2.93km E Part of Kollanur Village-
525
2.3.2 A LIST OF MAJOR INDUSTRIES WITH NAME AND TYPE WITHIN STUDY AREA
Description ~Dist Dir
Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC)
Blocks
Adjacent
to Site N
Jesons Industries Limited 0.59km NE
Michelin India Private Limited 0.06km SE
Feed Mill - Sheng Long Bio-Tech (India)
Pvt. LTD 0.22km ENE
Sovereign Agro Tech Refinery Pvt Ltd 0.24km N
Super Gas 0.32km N
Bekaert Industry 0.38km S
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2.3.2 PROJECT SITE AND PLANT LAYOUT
LOCATION (MAP SHOWING GENERAL LOCATION, SPECIFIC LOCATION AND PROJECT
BOUNDARY & PROJECT SITE LAYOUT) WITH COORDINATES.
FIGURE - 2.2
LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE
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FIGURE - 2.2 (CONT.)
PROJECT SITE ON GOOGLE EARTH
1 Km Radius from Project Site:
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5 Km Radius from Project Site:
10 Km Radius from Project Site:
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2.4 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE AND NEAREST HABITATS WITH DISTANCES FROM THE
PROJECT SITE TO BE DEMARCATED ON A TOPOSHEET (1: 50000 SCALE)
The area of industrial settlements is there in this study area along with-it human settlements
form the key infrastructure in this region. As the area is having mainly industrial development
the transportation facilities by Rail-Road network is quite well developed. Almost every village
in this region is well connected with metalled road network. Apart from road network
development the railway also present in the study area.
FIGURE – 2.3
KEY INFRASTRUCTURE
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FIGURE – 2.4
TOPOSHEET
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2.5 TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE PLANT/S ALONG WITH DETAILS ON BEST AVAILABLE
TECHNOLOGIES (BAT), PROPOSED TECHNOLOGY AND REASONS FOR SELECTING THE SAME.
Manufacturing of carbon black mainly involve various unit operations like heating, cooling
and drying. Off gases generated in the manufacturing process of carbon black are utilized as
fuel in the steam boiler to generate high pressure steam and also utilized for power
generation.
2.6 PHASE WISE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE WITH BAR CHART AND TIME
FRAME, IN TERMS OF SITE DEVELOPMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION, EMS
IMPLEMENTATION ETC.
Proposed products will be manufactured after the receipt of EC/CTE. Proposed construction
will be carried out only after the receipt of EC/CTE.
2.7 CHEMICAL NAME OF EACH PROPOSED PRODUCT TO BE MANUFACTURED. DETAILS ON
END USE OF EACH PRODUCT. (PROVIDE CAS NUMBER OF ALL THE PRODUCTS & RAW
MATERIALS. IN CASE OF DYES, CI NUMBER)
TABLE – 2.4
LIST OF PRODUCTS WITH PRODUCTION CAPACITY
Sl. No Description Quantity (in ToR
application)
Quantity (In EIA report)*
1 Carbon Black
745 MT per day (2,60,750
MTPA)
(Considering 350 working
days)
550 MT per day (1,92,500
MTPA)
(Considering 350 working
days)
2 CPP 50 MW 36 MW
*Note: Carbon black Production and CPP capacity was reduced from ToR application
due to the Market Strategy and demand
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2.8 DETAILS ON RAW MATERIALS, SOURCE AND STORAGE WITHIN THE PREMISES
TABLE – 2.5
LIST OF RAW MATERIALS
Sr.
No.
Raw Materials
Consu
mption
(MTPM
)#
Formula Sta
te
Source of
Supply
Means of
Transpor
tation
Mode
of
Storage
Stor
age
Qua
ntity
(MT)
Hazardous Nature (NFPA
Rating)
Health Fire
Reactivit
y
1
Carbon Black
Feed Stock /
Dehydrated Coal
Tar / Raw Coal
Tar/ Carbon Black
Oil/Anthracene
30908
Blend of
Hydroca
rbons
Thi
ck
Liq
uid
Tauber Oil,
USA
Enjet LLC,
USA
Epsilon
Carbon,
Bellary
RIL,
Jamnagar
Cargo
Vessels /
Road
Tankers
CS
Fixed
Roof
Cylindri
cal
Tanks
3575
0** 2 2 0
2 Molasses 54 _
Thi
ck
Liq
uid
Sakthi
Sugars
Limited,
Chennai
E.I.D Parry
Sugar Mill,
Chennai
Road
Tankers
Epoxy
Coated
CS
Cylindri
cal
Tanks
150*
** NA NA NA
3
Potassium Nitrate
/
12
KNO3 /
K2CO3 /
CH3COO
K
Po
wd
er
Chemicals
India Co.
Chennai
EmpeefChe
micalspVt
ltd., Palghar
Truck Bags 20
1 0 1
2 2 0 Potassium
Carbonate/
1 1 1 Potassium
Acetate*
4 Hydrochloric Acid 67 HCl Liq
uid
GMR
Chemicals,
Chennai
Adheswara
Exports Pvt
Ltd.,
Chennai
Road
Tankers
Rubber
Lined CS
/ FRP
Vessels
40KL 3 0 0
5 Sodium
Hydroxide 2 NaOH
Liq
uid
Jentex
Alkalis,
Chennai
Balmer
Lawrie & Co
ltd.
Road
Tankers
Rubber
Lined CS
/ FRP
Vessels
20KL 3 0 1
6 Water Treatment
Chemicals 81 -
Soli
d
Po
wd
er
Skychem
engineers,
Chennai
Truck
Plastic
Bags in
closed
rooms
60 NA NA NA
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7 Light Diesel Oil /
High Speed Diesel 45 -
Liq
uid
BPCL,
Chennai
Road
Tankers
CS Fixed
Roof
Cylindri
cal
Tanks
150K
L***
*
1 2 0
Note:
# Proposed Consumption is lesser than Consumption rate provided in form-1
* Not mentioned in Form-1
**In form-1 it is mentioned as 33450 MT and now it is increased to 35750 MT.
***In form-1 it is mentioned as 140 KL and now it is increased to 150 KL.
****In form-1 it is mentioned as 100 KL and now it is increased to 150 KL.
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2.9 MANUFACTURING PROCESS, CHEMICAL REACTION AND MASS BALANCE OF EACH
PRODUCTS
Carbon Black is produced by the reaction of a hydrocarbon fuel such as oil with a limited
supply of combustion air at high temperatures. The unburned carbon is collected as an
extremely fine black fluffy particle, 10 to 500 nanometers (nm) in diameter. The
principal uses of Carbon Black are as a reinforcing agent in rubber compounds
(especially tires) and as a black pigment in printing inks,surface coatings, paper, and
plastics.
We are presently using oil furnace process for manufacture Carbon Black. This process
accounts for about 90 percent of world Carbon Black production capacity generally used
in continuous processplant which is into bulk manufacturing of Carbon Black.
During Carbon Black production, an aromatic liquid hydrocarbon feedstock (Generally,
an FCC bottom -Slurry Oil), Imported by us from USGC) is heated and injected
continuously into the combustion zone of an oil-fired furnace, where it is decomposed
to form Carbon Black. Primary quench water cools the gases to 800°C - 900°C to stop the
cracking. The exhaust gases entraining the carbon particles arefurther cooled to about
230°C by passage through heat exchangers and direct water sprays.
The Carbon black is then separated from the gas stream, usually by a fabric filter. A
cyclone for primary collection and particle agglomeration may precede the filter. The
recovered Carbon Black is finished to a marketable product by pulverizing and wet
pelletizing to increase bulk density. Water from the wet pelletizer is driven off in a gas-
fired rotary dryer. Off gas separated by bag filter is used to dry the wet pellets. Part of
the dryer combustion gas is charged directly to the interior of the dryer, and the
remainder acts as an indirect heat source for the dryer. The dried pellets are then
conveyed tobulk storage through elevator and screw conveyor.
Process yields varies depending on the feed composition and the grade of black
produced. Furnace designs and operating conditions determine the particle size and the
other physical and chemical properties of the black.
Off gas generated from process will be used as a fuel for Boilers. Since the tail gases are
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composed mainly of water, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, & hydrogen,
they have low calorific heating value and is used as a fuel to operate a boiler that
generates steam used for power generation and also used for heating the carbon black
pellet in dryers.
Unused tail gas is effectively used to produce power to meet Carbon Black plant demand
& balance is exported to grid.
Mass Balance:
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Flow Diagram:
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The wet Tail gas composition is as follows:
Composition Percentage (%)
H2S 0.14
H2O 30.15
O2 0.0
H2 12.3
CO 8.3
CO2 3.9
CH4 0.26
N2 45.35
LCV(Kcal/Nm3) 780
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2.10 WATER REQUIREMENT, WASTEWATER GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT
2.10.1 ASSESSMENT OF SOURCE OF THE WATER SUPPLY WITH ADEQUACY OF THE SAME TO
MEET WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT. PERMISSION OBTAINED FROM THE
CONCERN AUTHORITY FOR SUPPLY OF RAW WATER
Construction Phase: Water requirement will be 50 KLD from Private tanker/SIPCOT.
Operation Phase: The total water requirement for proposed manufacturing unit is 3583 KLD.
Fresh water requirement is 2785 KLD (In ToR application- 3731KLD) will be sourced from
SIPCOT and total recycle water will be 814 KLD.
PERMISSION OBTAINED FROM THE CONCERN AUTHORITY FOR SUPPLY OF RAW WATER:
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2.10.2 WATER AND WASTEWATER
TABLE – 2.6
WATER CONSUMPTION AND WASTEWATER GENERATION
S.No Description Fresh Water
KLD
Effluent/Sewage/
WTP(KLD)
Recycled
KLD
Total water
KLD
1. Domestic water 57 42 0 57
2. Greenbelt development 165 0 42 207
3. Process 0 0 226 2006
4. UF Feed Tank 1796 0 0 0
5. CT makeup 572 172 0 572
6. Boiler 0 169 191 191
7. Inline Boiler 0 0 355 355
8. Floor wash 195 176 0 195
Total 2785* 559 814 3583
Note:
* In form-1, Total fresh water is 3731 KLD
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WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM:
MEE or
equival
ent
system
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2.10.3 EXPLORE THE POSSIBILITIES FOR ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE (ZLD) OPTION FOR THE
PROPOSED PROJECT
Effluent generation -176 KLD from washing will be treated through ETP (200 KLD)
followed by Oil skimmer, clarifier and Filter. Treated effluent will send to ETP followed
by UF, RO and MEE / ATFD. Permeate will be reused within the system.
Salt from MEE/ATFD will be disposed through TSDF. Thus Zero liquid discharge will be
accomplished.
Effluent -341 KLD from utility will send to secondary treatment followed by UF, RO and
MEE / ATFD. RO Permeate will be send to WTP for reused within the system.
Salt from MEE/ATFD will be disposed through TSDF. Thus Zero liquid discharge will be
accomplished.
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2.10.4 CAPACITY OF ETP IN KL/DAY. DETAILS OF ETP INCLUDING DIMENSIONS OF EACH
UNIT ALONG WITH SCHEMATIC FLOW DIAGRAM. INLET, TRANSITIONAL AND TREATED
EFFLUENT QUALITIES WITH SPECIFIC EFFICIENCY OF EACH TREATMENT UNIT IN REDUCTION
IN RESPECT OF ALL CONCERNED/REGULATED ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS. INLET
EFFLUENT QUALITY SHOULD BE BASED ON WORST CASE SCENARIO CONSIDERING
PRODUCTION OF MOST POLLUTING PRODUCTS THAT CAN BE MANUFACTURED IN THE
PLANT CONCURRENTLY
Treatment Process:
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD.shall have a ZLD Effluent treatment plant consisting Primary, Tertiary
and advance treatment units. The details of ETP are as follows.
1) First all non-toxic wastewater streams of washing shall pass through Oil & Grease
Removal Tank (OGRT-01). Automatic mechanical Oil & Grease Removal
Mechanism(OGRM-01) shall be provided in the OGRT-01 to removed floating oil and
grease from the wastewater to Oil & Grease Collection Tank (OGCT-01). Then Effluent
shall be collected in Collection cum Equalization Tank-01 (CET-01). Pipe grid is provided
at bottom of the CET to keep all suspended solids in suspension and to provide proper
mixing. 2 nos. of Air Blowers (B-01) shall supply air through diffusers to pipe grid.
2) Then after, equalized wastewater shall be pumped toNeutralization Tank (NT-01) where
the continuous addition and stirring of lime solution is done to maintain the pH of
wastewater from Lime Dosing Tanks (LDT-01) with help of Dosing Pumps (D-01) as per
requirement. Then after, neutralized wastewater shall go to Flash Mixer-01 (FM-01).
Alum shall be dosed from Coagulant Dosing Tank-01 (CDT-01) with help Dosing Pumps
into FM-01 to carry out coagulation by using a Flash Mixer Mechanism (FMM-01). Then
effluent shall be collected in Primary Flocculator Tank (PCLF-01) by gravity. Here in
Flocculation zone, Polyelectrolyte shall be dosed from Polyelectrolyte Dosing Tank-01
(PEDT-01). Mixing shall be done with help of two nos. of Flocculators(FLCM-01/02).Then
after, coagulated wastewater shall be settled in Primary Clariflocculator bottom and
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Clear supernatant shall be collected in Primary Treated Water tank (PTWT-01). Then it
will be pumped to Collection cum Equalisation Tanks-02 with help of pumps (P-02-A/B).
3) All wastewater stream from utilities shall be collected in Collection cum Equalisation
tank-02 (CET-02) where other effluent from PTWT-01 shall be mixed. Then after,
equalized wastewater shall be pumped to Flash Mixer-02 (FM-02) where Coagulant shall
be dosed from Coagulant Dosing Tank-02 (CDT-02) with help Dosing to carry out
coagulation by using a Flash Mixer Mechanism-02 (FMM-01). Then effluent shall be
collected in Primary Flocculator Tank (PCLF-02) by gravity. Here in Flocculation zone,
Polyelectrolyte shall be dosed from Polyelectrolyte Dosing Tank-02 (PEDT-02). Mixing
shall be done with help of two nos. of Flocculators(FLCM-03/04). Then after, coagulated
wastewater shall be settled in Primary Clariflocculator bottom shall be collected in Sludge
Sump (SS-01) and Clear supernatant shall be collectedof PCLF-02 shall collected in
Intermediate Sump(IS-01).
4) Then effluent from the IS shall be pumped to the Pressure Sand Filter (PSF-01) and
Activated Carbon Filter (ACF-01) for tertiary treatment. The effluent shall enter into the
sand filter from the top and the filtered effluent shall be further passed to the Activated
Carbon Filter for color removal. A back wash facility shall be provided to the sand filter
and carbon filter to wash out the suspended solid whenever required. For backwash, the
effluent from the Intermediate Sump shall be pumped at the bottom of the sand filter
(and / or carbon filter) and the discharge of the sand filter (and / or carbon filter) shall be
diverted into the Collection cum Equalization Tank-02.
5) The outlet of the carbon filter shall be collected into Ultra filtration Feed Tank (UFFT-01)
before sent to UF treatment. UF Treated water shall be sent to Reverse osmosis unit (RO-
01) for advance treatment. UF reject will be sent back to CET-02 for further treatment.
RO treated Water shall be reuse in plant and RO reject water shall be collected in MEE
Feed Tank (MEFT-01) for further treatment.
6) RO rejected water will be sent to multiple effect evaporator (MEE-01) or equivalent
system followed by centrifuge to concentrate it for recovery of salt and condensed water
will be reused for cooling, scrubber & washing.
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7) The primary sludge from PCLF-01 & PCLF-02 shall be collected in sludge sump (SS-01) by
gravity. Then they shall be pumped to the filter press (FP-01) for sludge dewatering. The
sludge cake shall be collected and packed into the plastic bags and stored in the HWSA
and ultimate disposal to TSDF. The leachate from the filter press shall be diverted to the
collection cum equalization tank-02 for further treatment.
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Size of Tanks:
S. N. Name of unit Tag No. Capacity in
KL
MOC Nos.
1 Oil & Grease Removal
Tank
OGRT-01 8 KL RCC M30 1 W
2 Oil & Grease Collection
tank
OGCT-01 0.5 KL HDPE 1 W
3 Collection cum
Equalization Tank
CET-01 80 KL RCC M30 1W+1S
4 Neutralization Tank NT-01 8 KL RCC M30 1 W
5 Flash Mixer FM-01 8 KL RCC M30 1 W
6 Primary Clariflocculator PCLF-01 50 KL RCC M30 1 W
7 Primary Treated water
tank
PTWT-01 50 KL RCC M30 1 W
8 Lime Dosing Tank LDT-01 3 KL MSFRP 1 W
9 Coagulant Dosing Tank-01 CDT-01 2 KL MSFRP 1 W
10 Polyelectrolyte Dosing
Tank
PEDT-01 1 KL HDPE 1 W
11 Coagulant dosing Tank-02 CDT-02 5 KL MSFRP 1 W
10 Polyelectrolyte Dosing
Tank-02
PEDT-02 1 KL HDPE 1 W
11 Collection cum
Equalization Tank
CET-01 100 KL RCC M30 1 W+1S
12 Flash Mixer FM-01 20 KL RCC M30 1 W
13 Primary Clariflocculator PCLF-01 20 KL RCC M30 1 W
15 Primary Treated water
tank
PTWT-01 140 KL RCC M30 1 W
16 Pressure Sand Filter PSF-01 30 m3/hr MSEP 1 W
17 Activated Carbon Filter ACF-01 30 m3/hr MSEP 1 W
18 UF Feed Tank UFFT-01 100 KL RCC M30 1 W
19 UF Unit UF-01 520 KLD Hollow Fiber/PVDF 1 Lot
20 RO Unit RO-01 500 KLD Polyamide 1 Lot
21 Sludge Sump (SS) SS-01 20 KL RCC M30 1
22 Filter Press (FP) FP-01 40 KLD PP+MS 1 W+1 S
23 Multiple Effect
Evaporator or equivalent
system with Centrifuge
MEE-01
ATFD-01
70 KLD SS316 1 Lot
LD = Liquid depth
FB = Free Board
SWD = Side Water Depth
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Flow Diagram of treatment process:
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Sewage Treatment Plant:
Process Description:
DESIGN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
1.00 BASIS OD DESIGN & TREATMENT SCHEME
2.00 SPECIFICATION OF WORK
3.00 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
1.00 BASIS OF DESIGN & TREATMENT SCHEME
1.10 Design Flow :50 KLD
Working hours : 20 hours
Design Flow : 2.5 KL/hr.
1.20 Untreated Sewage Characteristics
___________________________________________________________________
Parameter Value
___________________________________________________________________
1. pH = 7 - 8
2. Total Dissolved Solids <900 mg/L
3. Suspended Solids < 100 mg/L
4. BOD (3 days 27 deg. C) < 300 mg/L
5. COD <700 mg/L
6. Oil & Grease < 20 mg/L
7. Ammo. Nitrogen < 70 mg/L
__________________________________________________________________
1.30 Treated Sewage Characteristics
___________________________________________________________________
Parameter Value
___________________________________________________________________
1. pH = 7-7.5
2. Total Dissolved Solids <1000 mg/L
3. Suspended Solids < 5 mg/L
4. BOD (3 days 27 deg. C) < 20 mg/L
5. COD < 50 mg/L
6. Oil & Grease <2 mg/L
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1.40 Process Description:
1. Sewage from plant and canteen shall be passed through Screen Chamber (SC-01)
where Coarse Screen (S-01) shall be provided to remove floating material. Then it will
pass through O & G Removal tank (OGRT-01) where floating O & G shall be removed
from the top and collected in O & G Collection tank (OGCT-01). Then sewage by
gravity will be collected in Collection tank (CT-01) where diffused air shall be provided
to keep solids in suspension.
2. Then it shall be pumped to Aeration Tank (AT-01). In AT-01, biodegradation of organic
matter of the wastewater shall be carried out by bacteria (suspended growth) in the
AT. The aeration tank provides proper mixing and supplies oxygen to the
microorganisms in the dissolved form through the fine bubble diffusers. A constant
feed rate shall be maintained in the aeration tank. A sludge percentage of around 50
to 60% by volumeshall be maintained in the aeration tank. Also MLSS and MLVSS
ratio shall be maintained to ensure active microorganisms growth. Various nutrients
like UREA and DAP shall be added from Nutrient Dosing Tanks regularly so as to
ensure proper growth of the microorganisms. Oxygen shall be supplied by 2 nos. of
air blowers (B-01) through diffusers. Air blowers also keep MLSS in suspension.
3. Then effluent from Aeration Tank shall be shall be passed through Screen Chamber-2
(SC-02) where floating material shall be removed with help of Screen (S-01), then
overflow from Screen Chamber shall be collected in MBR Tank (MBRT-01). MBR tank
consists of MBR membrane modules mounted on structural frame along with the
back-pulse tank (BPT-01) arrangement on the top. Air diffuser are provided below the
membrane modules for air scouring. The filtration takes place by means of Permeate
pumps (P-02-0A/B) which delivers the treated water in Treated Water Tank (TWT-01).
When water level in Back Pulse tank (BPT-01) will reduce, treated water will be sent
to Back Pulse Tank (BPT-01).
4. After every 9 minutes of service cycle, the membranes are subjected to relaxation of
1 minute. Back pulse takes place after every 4 hours for a period of 15 minutes. In
this step, product water from the overhead tank flows by gravity into the membrane
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module and dislodges the impurities from the membrane surface. Air scouring
continues during filtration, rest and back pulse period. Chemical Cleaning Tanks (CCT-
01/02) is required separately for maintenance and recovery cleaning requirement.
Sludge recycle Pumps shall be provided in MBRT-01 to recycle sludge from MBRT-01
to Aeration Tank to maintain MLSS in AT-01. Excess sludge shall be waste to sludge
Drying beds.
5. This treated sewage from Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR-01)water is collected in
Treated Water Tank (TWT-01) before using it for Irrigation. Bio Sludge settled in Tube
Settler and sludge wasted from MBBR shall be sent to Sludge Drying Beds (SDBs-01-
A/B) for Dewatering. The sludge cake shall be collected and reused as manure in
green belt. Filtrate from the SDBs shall be diverted to the collection tank for further
treatment.
2.00 SPECIFICATION OF WORK
2.10 DETAILS OF UNITS
Sr.
No.
Name of Unit Tag No. Size in Meters (L X B X
(LD+FB)
Nos. MOC
1. Screen Chamber ST-01 1 KL 1 W RCC M30
2. Coarse Screen S-01 6 mm opening, Make:
Aqua-Air
1 W SS304
3. O & G Removal Tank OGRT-
01
4 KL 1 W RCC M30
4. O & G Collection
Tank
OGCT-
01
50 Lit, Industrial Grade,
Vertical, Make:
Siddhi/Sintex
1 W HDPE
5. Collection Tank CT-01 15.0 KL 1 W RCC M30
6. Raw Sewage Pumps P-01-
A/B
2.5 m3/hr, 6 m head,
Submersible cutter type,
Make: Wilo/Eqvt.
1 W +
1 S
SS304
7. Aeration Tank AT-01 15KL 1 W MSFRP
8. Diffusers DF--01 Fine Bubble Diffusers,2 m
length, Scogen /OTT Make,
Retrivable Type
1 Lot Silicon Based
Rubber
9. Blower for AT-01&
MBR-01
B-01-
A/B
150 m3/hr., 0.45 kg/cm2, 3
PHASE, V belt, Air Cooled,
Oil Lubricated Tri Lobe Root
1W+1
S
CIFG
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Blower, TMVT make
10. Screen Chamber SC-02 1 KL 1 W RCC
M30/MSFRP
11. Screen-2 S-02 2 mm Opening, Make:
Aqua-Air
1 W SS304
12 Membrane Bio-
Reactor
MBR-01 8 KL 1 Lot MSFRP
13. Membrane Bio-
Reactor Module
with skid and
diffusers
MBRM-
01
Hollow Fiber, 7 modules of
10 KLD, Make: GE
1 Lot PVDF with
MSFRP Frame
14. Sludge Recycle
Pumps
P-04-
A/B
5 m3/hr, 6 m head,
Centrifugal, Make:
Lubi/Johnson
1W+1
S
CI
15. MBR Permeate
Pumps
P-02-
A/B
3.5 m3/hr, 8 m head,
Centrifugal, Make:
Lubi/Johnson
1W+1
S
CI
16. Chemical Cleaning
Tanks
CCT-01 150 Lit, Industrial Grade,
Vertical, Make:
Siddhi/Sintex
2W HDPE
17. Back Pulse tank BPT-01 150 Lit, Industrial Grade,
Vertical, Make:
Siddhi/Sintex
1W HDPE
18. Treated Water Tank TWT-01 15 KL 1 W RCC M30/
HDPE
19. Treated Water
Pumps
P-03-
A/B
7.5 m3/hr, 20 m head,
Centrifugal, Make:
Lubi/Johnson
1W+1
S
CI
20. Hypo Dosing Tank SHDT-01 200 L, Industrial grade
Vertical, Make:
Siddhi/Sintex
1 W HDPE
21. Hypo Dosing Pump D-01-
A/B
4 L/hr, Electronic type,
Make: Verito/Positive
1W+1
S
PP
22. Sludge Drying Beds SDBs-
01-A/B
8.0 Sqm (Total) 2 W Brick Mas+
PCC Bedding+
Media filling
23. Foundation for
pumps and Blowers
-- -- Lot RCC M25
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2.20 PIPING WORK AND VALVES
All effluent pipes & Fittings will be of CPVC/PPR.
All Airline shall be of GI pipe.
All valves shall be of PP Material
We will provide all necessary supports for pipes and electrical cables.
2.30 ELECTRICAL WORK
It includes supply and erection of cables, cable tray, MCC Panel etc. complete.
Cables:
1. a. Cable specification = for use in 415 V system shall be Copper
conductor, PVC insulated PVC sheathed
armored as per IS 1554
All cable shall be RR /Polycab make.
All cable trays shall be of perforated type of GI.
We will provide MCC panel with energy meter single compartment type of
siemens/Schneider make.
2.40 INSTRUMENTATION WORK
Sr. No. Item Description Nos.
1 Pressure Gauge Bourdon Tube,100 mm dia,
Waaree/, Baumermake
6 For Blowers,Pumps
2 Flow Meter cum
totalizer
Electro-magnetic Type,
Make: Chem-Tech/ Forbes
Marshall
2 At Inlet/Outlet of STP
3 Level switch Float Type, Make: Aster 2 In CT &MBR
4 On-Off Valves Open/Close, 40 NB/25 NB,
Make: Rotex
3 For MBR Piping
5 Pressure Transmitter As per Design Make:
Danfoss
1 In Permeate Pumps
Line
6 Rotameters As per design, Make: Flow
tech
2 In Blower air lines
All cable shall be RR /Polycab make.
All cable trays shall be of perforated type of GI.
We will provide MCC panel with energy meter single compartment type of siemens
make.
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Treatment Plant
Capacity: 50 KLD
Operating hrs: 20 hrs
Plant Flow rate: 2.5 cum/hr
Design Flow Rate: 2.5 cum/hr
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Flow Diagram of STP:
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2.11 AIR POLLUTION AND CONTROL SYSTEM
2.11.1 FLUE GAS & PROCESS GAS EMISSION FROM EACH UNIT PROCESS WITH ITS
QUANTIFICATION
Flue Gas Emission:
There is no fuel requirement for steam boilers since off gases generated during Carbon Black
manufacturing are utilized as fuel for specially designed boiler system. Hence, there is no
requirement of APCM and stack of adequate height is provided for proper dispersion of flue
gas. Diesel will be used as fuel for proposed DG Sets (standby), where stack of adequate
height will be provided. The details of flue gas emission are given hereunder in Table 2-7.
Table 2.7
Flue Gas Emission
Emission source APC measure proposed Stack height Fuel Name &
Quantity
DG set:
1x1300 & 1x1200 KVA
Adequate stack height as
per TNPCB Norms 30m AGL
Diesel (500
Lit/hr
*Waste gas based Boilers:
Set-1: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm2
Set-2: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm2,
Set-3:54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm2
Adequate stack height as
per TNPCB Norms 90m AGL
Off Gases
(495197
Nm3/hr)
Note:
*In form -1, Boiler capacity is mentioned as 32 TPH, 80 TPH, 24 TPH & 60 TPH (each 1 Nos)
One Boiler is removed due to the reduction in production capacity
PROCESS GAS EMISSION:
Product gases laden with carbon black particle from manufacturing process are filtered at
process bag collector and vapor bag collector for separation of carbon black particles from
process gases. Off gases filtered through bag collectors are utilized as fuel in steam boiler
and dryer combustor. The details of these various bag collectors as air pollution control
measures with process gas stack are given hereunder in Table 2-8.
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TABLE 2.8
PROCESS GAS EMISSION
Emission source APC measure proposed Stack height (m)
2 Nos. of Flare Stacks Adequate stack height as per
TNPCB Norms 50 AGL
Vapor Bag Collectors – 6 Stacks Bag Collectors 60 AGL
Dryer – 6 Stacks Bag Collectors / ESPs 60 AGL
Process Bag Collectors – 2 Stacks Bag Collectors / ESPs 50 AGL
Venturi Scrubbers – 2 Stacks Not Applicable 50 AGL
Dedusting & Rerun Bag Collectors – 12
Nos Not Applicable 20 m
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2.11.2 DETAILS OF THE UTILITIES REQUIRED
Utility Nos. Capacity Purpose
Reactor (Nos)* 6 550 TPD Process for formation of
Carbon Black
Boiler** 3
Set-1: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm2
Set-2: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm2,
Set-3: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm2
For generation of Steam
Turbo Generator 3
1 x 12 MW,
1x 12 MW,
1x 12 MW,
For generation of power
Air Cooled Condenser /
CPP 3
To suit 36 MW Power
Generation
For condensing exhaust
steam from Turbines
Cooling Tower 2 Circulation Rate: 1250 m3/hr Generator Cooling
Diesel Generator 2 2500 KVA Emergency power
Note:
*In form -1, No of reactors are 7.
**In form -1, Boiler capacity is mentioned as 32 TPH, 80 TPH, 24 TPH & 60 TPH (each 1
Nos)
One Boiler is removed due to the reduction in production capacity.
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2.11.3 Certificate of Analysis of Fuel
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2.11.4 DETAILS OF POWER REQUIREMENTS
Power requirement will be met from TANGEDCO and CPP. However, two DG set is proposed
as back-up power requirement during power failure. Diesel will be used for DG generators
and consumption quantities will vary based on the utilization. The power requirement and
backup power facilities are provided in Table 2-9.
Table 2-9
POWER REQUIREMENT BACKUP AND UTILITIES
Details Power and fuel Source
Operation Phase:
Power Requirement during
Operation Phase 11.20 MW* CPP / TANGEDCO
Boilers – LDO / HSD 0.700 MT/day** Retail Supplier
HSD for DG sets 400 LPD IOC/HP
Construction Phase:
Power Requirement 0.400 MW DG Set / TANGEDCO
Note:
* In form-1, Power requirement during operation phase is 15.39 MW
** In form-1, LDO/HSD requirement for boilers are 0.894 MT/day
2.11.5 LIST THE PROJECT SPECIFIC SOURCES OF FUGITIVE EMISSION ALONG WITH ITS
QUANTIFICATION AND PROPOSED MEASURES TO CONTROL IT
Fugitive emissions are emissions of gases or vapours from pressurized equipment due to leak
or other unintended or irregular releases. Fugitive emission may be contributed from the
following sources:
Leakage from pumps
Equipment failure
Spillages from pipelines
Leakages from reactors
Vapours venting from process/tanks
Evaporation losses
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Control Measures
Control Measures adopted are:
Process shall be closed system
Transfer of the material for proposed plant shall be through pipeline
Leak detectors shall be installed near by the source of leakage
Sweeping on roads.
Proper monitoring system shall be established once the operation starts.
Bitumen roads are laid inside the plant premises.
There will be a chance of fugitive emission during manufacturing process as well as due to
storage and handling of raw materials and products. The unit will take following precaution
for the control of fugitive emissions.
Probable Sources Control Measures
Manufacturing activities
All equipments are maintained regularly along with checking
of flange and welded joints.
All raw materials and end products are properly metered so
that there is no possibility of overloading.
Proper safety interlocks are incorporated
Bulk transportation within the process is done by closed
bucket elevator and screw conveyer.
Emission from Carbon
black storage tank and
packing
Dedusting system with proper bag filters provided. All
storage tanks are closed with proper venting system and
level is checked regularly without overfilling.
Pump and compressor
Emissions
Mechanical seals are provided in pumps and agitators
Standby arrangement for critical equipment for periodic
maintenance
Valves, Flanges, plugs and
instrument connections
Welded pipes are used wherever feasible.
Suitable gasket materials are used
Suitable glad packing is used in valves
Periodic inspection and maintenance of pipes and
pipefittings is carried out
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Leak detection and Repair Programme (LDAR): Leak detection and repair (LDAR) is system of
procedure a facility utilizes to locate repair leaking components including valves, pumps,
tanks and reactors in order to minimize the emission of fugitive volatile organic components
and hazardous air pollutants.
LDAR related sections shall be considered, checked and maintained regularly to control
emissions from leakages. At PCBL(TN) Limited schedule shall be prepared standard practices
will be implemented.
Identifying the sections: All possible sections of emissions from leakage will be recognized &
marked.
Monitoring the components: As per the schedule and frequency sections shall be monitored
to avoid the leakage chances by using the standard detecting systems.
Repairing the components: Repairing of the equipment after finding fault will be addressed
immediately. After a leak is detected, the component shall be altered or replaced to correct
the leakage. The component shall be considered repaired only after it has been monitored
and shows leakage below the thresh-hold limits.
Documented: All the above mentioned records shall be maintained for further references.
PCBL(TN) Limited will use best technology to control fugitive emission like:
Closed process flow systems of material transfer.
Detecting systems are in place for any leakages
Air quality shall be regularly monitored and data on fugitive emissions shall be regularly
recorded and proper actions will be taken.
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2.12 HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT
2.12.1 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR HAZARDOUS/SOLID WASTE INCLUDING STORAGE,
HANDLING, UTILIZATION AND SAFE DISPOSAL
Hazardous Waste Management
The various hazardous waste generated from the process will be stored in a separate
hazardous waste storage area and properly disposed as per the Hazardous and Other Wastes
(Management and Trans boundary Movement) Amendment Rules, 2016. The type of
hazardous waste and the quantity generated are detailed in Table 2-10.
TABLE – 2.10
DETAILS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
Sr.
No. Details of Waste
Scheduled
as per
HWM
rules
Proposed
Quantity TPA Storage and Disposal
1
Used or Spent Oil 5.1 6.0
Collection, Storage,
Transportation and sell to
TNPCB Authorized Recyclers
or reuse in the process.
2
Sludge & MEE Salt 35.3
3350*
(WTP Sludge-
1933
ETP sludge-
100
MEE Salt-
1317)
Collection, Storage,
Transportation and disposal
at TSDF-Gummidipoondi.
3 Empty Container/
bags/Discarded drums/
Barrels/ Liners/ Waster paper
bags/ waste plastic
33.1 12
Collection, Storage,
Transportation and sell to
TNPCB Authorized Recyclers
4
Used Filter cloth - 2.0
Collection, Storage,
Transportation and sell to
TNPCB Authorized Recyclers
5 Used Oily cotton
waste/weather hand gloves/
cotton hand gloves
33.2 2.0
Collection, Storage,
Transportation and disposal
at TSDF-Gummidipoondi.
6 Discarded filter medium (bag
filter) 36.2 12.0
Collection, Storage,
Transportation and disposal
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at TSDF-Gummidipoondi.
7 Ceramic wool/ waste
insulation material - 12.0
Collection, Storage,
Transportation and disposal
at TSDF
8
Spent Ion exchange resins 35.2 1.0
Collection, Storage,
Transportation and disposal
at TSDF
9
Oily Sludge emulsion I – 4.1 15.0
Collection, Storage,
Transportation and disposal
at TSDF
10
Used Batteries 0.1
Collection, Storage,
Transportation and disposal
at TSDF
11
Spent Acid batteries I – 36.2 0.024
Collection, Storage,
Transportation and disposal
at TSDF
Note:
* In Form-1, ETP sludge & MEE salt is mentioned as 6210 TPA
2.12.2 Solid Waste Management
The Solid Wastes generated during construction and operation phases will be segregated to
organic and inorganic wastes. The organic wastes will be disposed to Municipal bins and
inorganic waste will sell to TNPCB authorized vendors. Details are given in Table 2-12.
Table 2-12
Solid Waste Generation
Sl.
No. Description
Construction
Phase Quantity
(Kg/day)
Operation Phase
Quantity (Kg/d)
Method
of
Collection
Method of
Disposal
1 Solid
Waste 250
Inorganic waste-
76.5
Bins
Send to TNPCB
authorized
vendors
Organic waste-
114.75
Convert to
manure by using
OWC
2 STP Sludge - 5.0 Used as a manure
for Greenbelt
Note: As per CPHEOO norms-0.45 kg/day/capita
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Paper / Card Board, Dust bin collection, dry leaves, grass, Metal scrap & wooden scrap will
be recycled /sent to authorize dealer.
2.12.3 THE MANUAL HANDLING OF THE HAZARDOUS WASTES AND METHODOLOGY OF DE-
CONTAMINATION AND DISPOSAL OF DISCARDED CONTAINERS AND ITS RECORD KEEPING
- Discarded containers/bags/liners etc. are being stored at designated place and given to
authorized decontamination facility for recycle & reuse.
Collection & Storage:
Contaminated containers are received from different production plants and stored at
designated storage area. Proper segregation of containers is done according to acid or
alkaline nature to treating with appropriate cleaning agent.
Analysis:
Testing the pH and organic content of finally flushed effluent to ensure the container is
completely decontaminated.
Labeling:
Used standard Labels on decontaminated containers “Decontaminated containers, ready to
dispose”
Disposal:
These decontaminated containers could be reused. The containers, which are not reusable,
would be scrapped and sold to registered recycler.
Record:
Receipt note is collected before receiving of containers, maintained record of sampling,
result, marking of decontaminated containers and disposal.
Management of Effluent:
The wastewater, which is generated from the washing activity, is collected in separate tank
then transfer to treat in Effluent Treatment Plant for further treatment.
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2.13 NOISE LEVEL AND CONTROL SYSTEM
Extensive oiling and lubrication and preventive maintenance shall be carried out to reduce
noise generation at source to the permissible limit. Acoustic enclosures provided for DG set.
The Noise level is within the prescribed limit. At noisy area, adequate preventive & control
measures are taken. No significant noise, vibration or emission of light & heat from the unit.
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CHAPTER – 3
BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The baseline status of environmental quality in the vicinity of project site serves as the
basis for identification, prediction and evaluation of impacts. The baseline
environmental quality is assessed through field studies within the impact zone for
various components of the environment, viz. air, noise, water, land and socio-
economic. The baseline environmental quality has been assessed in the summer season
of March, 2021 to May, 2021 in a study area of 10 km radial distance from the project
site.
The environmental setting is considered to establish the baseline conditions which are
described with respect to following:
Land environment
Land Use Pattern
Water Environment
Air Environment
Meteorology
Noise Environment
Ecology
Topography
Demography and Socio-economic Environment
3.2 METHODOLOGY
Following the guidelines of MoEF&CC, the baseline environmental study was
conducted. The details of the study period, frequency of sampling & method of
environmental sampling & analysis are shown below in succeeding paragraphs under
respective titles.
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3.2.1 STUDY PERIOD & FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING
The period of study determined was March, 2021 to May, 2021. The frequency of
various environmental sampling & analysis was determined following the guidelines
provided by MoEF&CC in online EIA Manual. The details of frequency of environmental
sampling considered for the study are illustrated in Table – 3.1.
TABLE 3.1
FREQUENCY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Attributes Sampling
Locations Frequency
A. Air Environment
Meteorological Project Site 1 hourly continuous for Study
Period
Ambient Air Quality 8 locations in the study area
(10 km radius from project site)
24 hourly twice a week during
study period
B. Noise Various Locations within the study
area
(10 Km radius from project site)
Once during Study Period
C. Water
Ground Water Grab samples from 8 Locations from
Study Area
(10 km radius from project site)
Once during Study Period
Surface Water
Grab samples from 5 Locations
(10 km radius from project site)
Once during Study Period
D. Soil Quality Soil samples from 8 locations within
study area
Once during Study Period
E. Land Use & Land
Cover
Study area (10 km from Project Site) Once during Study Period
F. Ecological Data Study area (10 km from Project Site) Once during Study Period
G. Socioeconomic
Data
Study area (10 km from Project Site) Once during Study Period
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3.2.2 METHOD OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING & ANALYSIS
The method adopted for environmental sampling & analysis is illustrated in following
Table - 3.2
TABLE 3.2
METHOD OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING & ANALYSIS
Attributes
METHOD
Sampling / Preservation Analysis
A. Air Environment
1) Micro
meteorological
data
2) Ambient Air
Quality
Mechanical/automatic
1) Spectrum weather station &
IMD
2) 2.5 Micron dust samplers &
RSPM samplers having the
facility to collect the gaseous
samples
-----
IS 5182 & CPCB
B. Noise Instrument: Noise level meter --
C. Water & Waste
Water
1) Ground Water
2) Surface Water
Standard Methods for
Examination of Water and
Wastewater Analysis, published
by APHA 22nd edition, 2012
Standard Methods for
Examination of Water and
Wastewater Analysis, published
by APHA 22nd edition, 2012
D. Soil Quality Laboratory Guide for Conducting
Soil Test & Plant Analysis, by J.
Benton Jones, Jr.
Laboratory Guide for
Conducting Soil Test & Plant
Analysis, by J. Benton Jones,
E. Land Use & Land
Cover
Satellite Imageries (1:25,000),
Secondary data from EIC, Delhi
As Secondary data-analysis by
EIC, Delhi
F. Geology & Geo-
Hydrology
Secondary data from EIC, Delhi Secondary data from EIC, Delhi
G. Ecological Data Secondary data from EIC, Delhi Secondary data from EIC, Delhi
H. Socioeconomic Data Secondary data from EIC, Delhi Secondary data from EIC, Delhi
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3.2.3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
The baseline environmental study was carried out for Ambient Air, Water, Land, Noise,
Biological & Socioeconomic environment. The study period was March, 2021 to May,
2021. The environmental samples were collected from the selected location of the
study area. The scenario of environmental condition of the area revealed from the
sample & data analysis is described below in subsequent paragraphs.
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3.3 MICROMETEOROLOGY
The nearest Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) station located to project site is
Chennai. The Climatological data for Chennai(Minambakkam) published by the IMD,
based on daily observations at 08:30 and 17:30 hour IST for a 30 year period, is presented
in the following sections on the meteorological conditions of the region.
Table 3.1 Meteorological conditions (Temp., Rainfall, Relative Humidity and Wind
Speed)
Month
Temp (°C) Rainfall
(mm) Relative
Humidity
(%)
Mean Wind Speed
(Km /hr)
Predominant Wind
Directions
(From)* Daily
Max.
Daily
Min. Total
No. of
days
Jan 29.0 20.5 28.2 1.4 83 64 5.5 N NE
Feb 31.0 21.7 4.0 0.4 80 63 6.8 W E
Mar 33.4 23.5 3.3 0.2 76 63 8.2 S SE
Apr 35.7 26.1 11.2 0.7 71 66 10.4 S SE
May 38.0 27.7 46.6 1.7 63 62 11.1 SW SE
Jun 37.4 27.3 74.7 4.9 59 56 11.6 W SE
Jul 35.4 26.2 130.5 7.7 67 60 9.9 W S
Aug 34.5 25.6 145.8 8.4 71 63 9.4 SW S,SE
Sep 34.2 25.3 169.2 8.5 74 68 7.9 W SE
Oct 32.0 24.4 293.9 10.0 81 74 5.8 W E
Nov 29.7 22.9 361.6 10.4 83 74 5.7 N NE
Dec 28.6 21.5 173.0 6.2 82 69 5.9 N NE
Max. 38.0 27.7 361.6 10.4 83.0 74.0 5.5 Annual Predominant
wind direction is from
West
Min. 28.6 20.5 3.3 0.2 59.0 56.0 11.6
Avg/Total 33.2 24.4 1442.0 60.5 74.2 65.2 8.2
(Source: IMD)
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3.3.1 TEMPERATURE, RELATIVE HUMIDITY & WIND SPEED
The site-specific data were collected for March, 2021 to May, 2021. Data are tabulated in
Table 3.2.
TABLE - 3.2
SITE SPECIFIC METEOROLOGICAL DATA (PERIOD: March, 2021 to May, 2021)
METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETER MONTH
MARCH, 2021 APRIL, 2021 MAY, 2021
Temperature (0C)
Min.
Max.
Avg.
23
34
29
26
36
30
28
39
32
Relative Humidity (%)
Min.
Max.
Avg.
62
78
69
56
71
63
52
79
70
Wind Speed (km/h)
Min.
Max.
Avg.
0
8
5
0
12
8
0
14
11
There was no rainfall during the study period.
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3.3.2 WIND ROSE
Wind rose is a graphical representation of the magnitude and direction of wind speed
considering all the directions. With the help of wind rose diagram one can easily predict
the direction and extent of spreading of the gaseous and particulate matter from the
source. Wind rose diagrams & stability class distribution are prepared for the study area
and presented in Figures - 3.1A & 3.1B respectively.
FIGURES - 3.1A
WIND ROSE DIAGRAM
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FIGURE-3.1B
STABILITY CLASS DISTRIBUTION
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3.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT
The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out in accordance with National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of CPCB. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) was
carried out at eight locations during the study period.
The air quality status in the impact zone is assessed through a network of ambient air
quality monitoring locations. The tropical climatic conditions mainly control the transport
and dispersion of air pollutant emissions during various seasons.
The conventional and project specific parameters such as Suspended Particulate Matter,
Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM-PM10), Respirable Suspended
Particulate Matter (RSPM- PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx),
Ammonia (NH3), Ozone (O3), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), Benzene (C6H6), Hydro
Carbon (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO) were monitored at site.
The values for mentioned concentrations of various pollutants at all the monitoring
locations were processed for different statistical parameters like arithmetic mean,
minimum concentration, and maximum concentration and percentile values. The
baselines levels of Suspended Particulate Matter, Respirable Suspended Particulate
Matter (RSPM-PM10), Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM-PM2.5), Sulphur
Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Ammonia (NH3), Ozone (O3), Lead (Pb), Arsenic
(As), Nickel (Ni), Benzene (C6H6), Hydro Carbon (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO) are
expressed in terms of various statistical parameters.
To establish the baseline status around the project site of the study region monitoring
was conducted at 8 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) Stations in and around the
study region during March 1, 2021 to May 31, 2021.
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FIGURE - 3.2
LOCATIONS OF THE AMBIENT AIR, NOISE, WATER AND SOIL
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TABLE - 3.3
LOCATIONS OF THE AMBIENT AIR, NOISE, WATER AND SOIL
SR.
NO.
NAME OF VILLAGE BEARING
W.R.T.
PROJECT
SITE
APPROXIMATE
RADIAL
DISTANCE
FROM
PROJECT
SITE (KM)
AMBIENT
AIR
NOISE WATER SOIL TYPE OF
AREA
1. Project Site -- -- A1 N1 GW1 S1 Industrial
2. Village:
Sathyavedu
NNW 8.57 A2 N2 GW2 S2 Residential
3. Village:
Madanamjeri
NW 3.60 A3 N3 GW3 S3 Residential
4. Village:
Uthukkottai
SW 8.75 A4 N4 GW4 S4 Residential
5. Village: Nelvoy SE 5.90 A5 N5 GW5 S5 Residential
6. Village:
Lachivakkam
SW 5.00 A6 N6 GW6 S6 Residential
7. Village: Siruvada NE 3.60 A7 N7 GW7 S7 Residential
8. Village: Thervoy NE 1.84 A8 N8 GW8 S8 Residential
9. Kannakottai
Reservoir
SSW 2.54 -- -- SW1 -- --
10. Thervoykandigai
Reservoir
NE 1.76 -- -- SW2 -- --
11. Telungu Ganaga
Canal Near
Uthukkottai
SW 8.55 -- -- SW3 -- --
12. Arani River
upstream
SE 8.06 -- -- SW4 -- --
13. Arani River
Downstream
S 7.45 -- -- SW5 -- --
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TABLE - 3.4
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STATUS (MARCH, 2021 TO MAY, 2021)
SR.
NO.
SAMPLING
LOCATION
SAMPLING
DURATION
SPM PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx NH3 O3
g/m3
1. Project-site (A1) 24 hours 83.78 46.54 21.89 6.55 13.42 BDL 10.67
2. Village:
Sathyavedu (A2)
24 hours 99.24 54.63 25.67 7.39 15.45 BDL 12.83
3. Village:
Madanamjeri (A3)
24 hours 91.68 50.42 24.00 6.65 14.74 BDL 12.24
4. Village:
Uthukkottai (A4)
24 hours 92.06 51.13 23.88 7.10 16.70 BDL 13.04
5. Village: Nelvoy
(A5)
24 hours 83.56 46.25 21.75 6.61 13.86 BDL 11.30
6. Village:
Lachivakkam (A6)
24 hours 87.00 48.92 22.92 6.58 14.85 BDL 12.13
7. Village: Siruvada
(A7)
24 hours 97.58 53.92 25.83 8.11 17.45 BDL 13.70
8. Village: Thervoy
(A8)
24 hours 94.76 52.38 24.79 6.87 15.57 BDL 12.67
NAAQS 500 100 60 80 80 400 100
SR.
NO.
SAMPLING
LOCATION
As Pb Ni C6H6 BaP CO HC VOC
ng/m3 g/m3 ng/m3 g/m3 ng/m3 mg/m3 ppm
1. Project-site (A1) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.15 BDL BDL
2. Village:
Sathyavedu (A2)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.15 BDL BDL
3. Village:
Madanamjeri (A3)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.18 BDL BDL
4. Village:
Uthukkottai (A4)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.18 BDL BDL
5. Village: Nelvoy
(A5)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.13 BDL BDL
6. Village:
Lachivakkam (A6)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.20 BDL BDL
7. Village: Siruvada
(A7)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.20 BDL BDL
8. Village: Thervoy
(A8)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.15 BDL BDL
NAAQS 6 1 20 5 1 4 -- --
Note: BDL = Below Detectable Limit
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The Minimum Detectable Limits for various parameters are as below:
3.4.1 SUMMARY
The statistical interpretation of observed ambient air quality concentrations is presented
in Table-3.4. They represent the cross-sectional distribution of the baseline air quality
status of the study region.
The maximum concentration of PM10 (54.63 g/m3), PM2.5 (25.83 g/m3), SO2 (8.11
g/m3), NOx (17.45 g/m3), O3 (13.70 g/m3) was recorded in study area. The minimum
concentration of PM10 (46.25 g/m3), PM2.5 (21.75 g/m3), SO2 (6.55 g/m3), NOx (13.42
g/m3), O3 (10.67 g/m3) was recorded in study area.
Sr.
No.
Criteria
Pollutants
Unit Maximum
Value
Minimum
Value
Prescribed
Standard
1. PM10 g/m3 54.63 46.25 100
2. PM2.5 g/m3 25.83 21.75 60
3. SO2 g/m3 8.11 6.55 80
4. NOx g/m3 17.45 13.42 80
5. O3 g/m3 13.70 10.67 100
3.4.2 INTERPRETATION:
The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations at all the AAQM locations were primarily caused by
local phenomena including industrial & vehicular activities and natural dust getting air
borne due to manmade activities and blowing wind. PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were
observed below stipulated standards of CPCB for Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other
Area at all air quality monitoring locations during the monitoring period. Results of all
parameters are found within limit. Result of all other parameters i.e. NH3, Pb, As, Ni,
C6H6, BaP & HC were found below detectable limit. The interpretation relates to the
results found for particular locations and date of monitoring.
Parameters Value
Ammonia (as NH3) 5 g/m3
Lead (as Pb) 0.1 g/m3
Nickel (as Ni) 1 ng/m3
Benzene (as C6H6) 0.1 g/m3
Arsenic (as As) 1 ng/m3
Benzo (α) Pyrene (BaP) 0.01 ng/m3
Hydrocarbon (HC) 1 ppm
VOC (Aeroqual Series 300 (Sensor VOC 0 – 25 ppm)) 0.1 ppm
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3.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
The objective of the noise level survey around the project site was to identify existing -
noise sources and to measure background noise levels. Major noise sources in the study
area are industries, commercial, and vehicular movements. The noise monitoring
locations are given in Table - 3.3 and shown in Figure - 3.2 while the results of noise
monitoring are given in Table - 3.5.
3.5.1 METHODOLOGY FOR NOISE MONITORING
The noise monitoring was carried out at eight locations in day time during (6 am to 10
pm) and at night time (10 pm to 6 am) in the study area covering all the areas i.e.
industrial, commercial, residential and silence zones as mentioned in Noise
(Pollution and Control) Rules, 2000. CPCB Recommendations for community noise
exposure are attached as Annexure – 2. Hourly Equivalent noise levels Leq (day) and Leq
(night) were measured at each monitoring locations. monitoring ranging from
March 03, 2021 to March 09,2021 during day and night time was carried out at all the
locations.
Ambient Noise Standards
Zone Classification Lday dB(A) Lnight dB(A)
Industrial Area 75 70
Commercial Area 65 55
Residential Area 55 45
Silence Zone 50 40
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TABLE - 3.5
BACKGROUND NOISE LEVELS
SR.
NO.
LOCATION NOISE LEVEL IN dB(A) CPCB LIMIT dB(A)
DAY TIME NIGHT TIME LEQ DAY
TIME
NIGHT
TIME
MAX. MAX.
A) RESIDENTIAL AREA
1. Project-site (N1) 49.3 42.9 48.0 <75 <65
2. Village: Sathyavedu (N2) 54.5 45.8 53.0 <55 <45
3. Village: Madanamjeri (N3) 51.5 43.7 50.1 <55 <45
4. Village: Uthukkottai (N4) 53.8 45.1 52.3 <55 <45
5. Village: Nelvoy (N5) 48.2 43.5 47.1 <55 <45
6. Village: Lachivakkam (N6) 50.1 43.9 48.8 <55 <45
7. Village: Siruvada (N7) 53.9 44.2 52.4 <55 <45
8. Village: Thervoy (N8) 53.4 44.8 51.9 <55 <45
3.5.2 Interpretation
Based on noise level data obtained during the survey for residential area and industrial
area, it is interpreted that noise levels are within the standard norms prescribed by CPCB.
Looking towards the increase in noise generating sources it is suggested that there is
need to apply noise reducing devices at noise generating sources and generate public
awareness.
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3.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT
The annual rainfall in the region was 1442 mm. The baseline water quality status in the
region is established by analyzing surface water and ground water. Water requirement at
site would be met through SIPCOT water supply.
3.6.1 METHODOLOGY FOR WATER QUALITY MONITORING
8 nos. of ground water and 5 nos. of surface water samples were collected from the
study area. These samples were analyzed for physic-chemical parameters to ascertain
the baseline status in the existing surface water and ground water bodies. Samples
were collected during the study period of March 03, 2021 to March 09, 2021 and
analyzed as per the Standard Methods of Water and Wastewater Analysis (APHA).
SUMMARY
The statistical interpretation of observed ground water & surface water quality is
presented in Table-3.6.
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TABLE - 3.6
GROUND & SURFACE WATER QUALITY
S.
No. Parameter Unit
Results
Test procedure
Acceptable
limit as per
IS 10500 :
2012 GW1 GW2
1 Colour Hazen <1 <1 IS 3025(part 4)1983(RA 2017) 5
2 Odour - No Odour
Observed
No Odour
Observed IS 3025(part 8)1984(RA 2017) Agreeable
3 Turbidity NTU 0.7 0.6 IS:3025 Part 10-1984(Reaff:
2017) 1
4 pH at 25 °C - 7.96 7.68
IS :3025 Part 11-1983(Reaff:
2017) 6.5-8.5
5 Conductivity at 25 °C μS/cm 1575 1088
IS :3025 Part 14- 1984
(Reaff:2017) Not Specified
6 Total dissolved solids mg/l 936 611 IS :3025 Part 16-1984(Reaff:
2017) 500
7 Total Suspended solids mg/l <2 <2 IS :3025 Part 17-1984(Reaff:
2017) Not Specified
8 Total Alkalinity as
CaCO3 mg /l 354 210
IS : 3025 Part 23-1986(Reaff:
2019) 200
9 Total Hardness as
CaCO3 mg/l 727 240 IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 200
10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 141 71 IS : 3025 Part 40-1991(Reaff:
2019) 75
11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 91 15 APHA 23rd EDN -3500 Mg B 30
12 Chloride as Cl- mg/l 137 157 IS :3025 Part 32-1988(Reaff:
2019) 250
13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 296 62 APHA 23rd EDN -4500-SO42- E 200
14 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 26 5 APHA 23rd EDN -4500- NO3- B 45
15 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.05 0.11 IS 3025(part 53)1987(Reaff:
2019) 1
16 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL(<0.0
1)
BDL(<0.01
) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.10
17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.27 0.17 APHA 23rd EDN -4500-F B&D 1.00
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No. Parameter Unit
Results
Test procedure
Acceptable
limit as per
IS 10500 : 2012 GW1 GW2
18 Sodium as Na mg/l 80 110 IS : 3025 Part 45-1993
(Reaff:2019) Not Specified
19 Potassium as K mg/l 5 2.4 IS : 3025 Part 45 -1993
(Reaff:2019) Not Specified
20 Barium as Ba mg/l BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 D 0.7
21 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) APHA 23rd EDN -4500-Cl
B 0.20
22 Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23rd EDN 3500 Al
B 0.03
23 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL(<0.003) BDL(<0.003) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.003
24 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01
25 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.05
26 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.06 0.11 APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 5.00
27 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.05
28 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01
29 Cyanide as CN mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) APHA 23rd EDN -4500-
CN E 0.05
30 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01
31 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) IS APHA 23rd EDN -3112
B 0.001
32 Anionic Surfactants as
MBAS mg/l BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025) APHA 23rd EDN 5540 C 0.20
33 Phenolic Compounds as
Phenol mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)
APHA 23rd EDN 5530
B,C 0.001
34 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent APHA 23rd EDN -6630 B, C Absent
35 Total Coliforms MPN/
100ml <2 2
IS–1622-1981 (Reaff –
2019) Absent /100ml
36 E.coli MPN/
100ml <2 <2
IS–1622-1981 (Reaff–
2019) Absent /100ml
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No. Parameter Unit
Results
Test procedure
Acceptable limit
as per
IS 10500 : 2012 GW3 GW4
1 Colour Hazen <1 <1 IS 3025(part 4)1983(RA 2017) 5
2 Odour - No Odour
Observed
No Odour
Observed IS 3025(part 8)1984(RA 2017) Agreeable
3 Turbidity NTU 0.8 BDL(<0.5) IS:3025 Part 10-1984(Reaff:
2017) 1
4 pH at 25 °C - 7.65 7.56 IS :3025 Part 11-1983(Reaff:
2017) 6.5-8.5
5 Conductivity at 25 °C μS/cm 1398 1515 IS :3025 Part 14- 1984
(Reaff:2017) Not Specified
6 Total dissolved solids mg/l 751 811 IS :3025 Part 16-1984(Reaff:
2017) 500
7 Total Suspended solids mg/l <2 <2 IS :3025 Part 17-1984(Reaff:
2017) Not Specified
8 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg /l 310 374 IS : 3025 Part 23-1986(Reaff:
2019) 200
9 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 420 556 IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 200
10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 96 145 IS : 3025 Part 40-1991(Reaff:
2019) 75
11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 44 41 APHA 23rd EDN -3500 Mg B 30
12 Chloride as Cl- mg/l 214 188 IS :3025 Part 32-1988(Reaff:
2019) 250
13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 80 83 APHA 23rd EDN -4500-SO42- E 200
14 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 11 13 APHA 23rd EDN -4500- NO3- B 45
15 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.05 BDL (<0.05) IS 3025(part 53)1987(Reaff:
2019) 1
16 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.10
17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.38 0.41 APHA 23rd EDN -4500-F B&D 1.00
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No. Parameter Unit
Results
Test procedure
Acceptable
limit as per
IS 10500 : 2012 GW3 GW4
18 Sodium as Na mg/l 152 102 IS : 3025 Part 45-1993
(Reaff:2019) Not Specified
19 Potassium as K mg/l 5.5 3.6 IS : 3025 Part 45 -1993
(Reaff:2019) Not Specified
20 Barium as Ba mg/l BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 D 0.7
21 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) APHA 23rd EDN -4500-Cl B 0.20
22 Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23rd EDN 3500 Al B 0.03
23 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL(<0.003) BDL(<0.003) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.003
24 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01
25 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.05
26 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.10 0.15 APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 5.00
27 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.05
28 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01
29 Cyanide as CN mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) APHA 23rd EDN -4500-CN E 0.05
30 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01
31 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) IS APHA 23rd EDN -3112 B 0.001
32 Anionic Surfactants as
MBAS mg/l BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025) APHA 23rd EDN 5540 C 0.20
33 Phenolic Compounds as
Phenol mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) APHA 23rd EDN 5530 B,C 0.001
34 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent APHA 23rd EDN -6630 B, C Absent
35 Total Coliforms MPN/
100ml 2 <2
IS–1622-1981 (Reaff –
2019) Absent /100ml
36 E.coli MPN/
100ml <2 <2 IS–1622-1981 (Reaff–2019) Absent /100ml
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No. Parameter Unit
Results
Test procedure
Acceptable
limit as per
IS 10500 : 2012 GW5 GW6
1 Colour Hazen <1 1 IS 3025(part 4)1983(RA 2017) 5
2 Odour - No Odour
Observed
No Odour
Observed IS 3025(part 8)1984(RA 2017) Agreeable
3 Turbidity NTU 7.84 7.98 IS:3025 Part 10-1984(Reaff: 2017) 1
4 pH at 25 °C - 1 0.7 IS :3025 Part 11-1983(Reaff: 2017) 6.5-8.5
5 Conductivity at 25 °C μS/cm 978 910 IS :3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff:2017) Not Specified
6 Total dissolved solids mg/l 594 537 IS :3025 Part 16-1984(Reaff: 2017) 500
7 Total Suspended solids mg/l <2 <2 IS :3025 Part 17-1984(Reaff: 2017) Not Specified
8 Total Alkalinity as
CaCO3 mg/l 206 325 IS : 3025 Part 23-1986(Reaff: 2019) 200
9 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 321 353 IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 200
10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 73 86 IS : 3025 Part 40-1991(Reaff:
2019) 75
11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 34 34 APHA 23rd EDN -3500 Mg B 30
12 Chloride as Cl- mg/l 132 96 IS :3025 Part 32-1988(Reaff: 2019) 250
13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 139 39 APHA 23rd EDN -4500-SO42- E 200
14 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 11 12 APHA 23rd EDN -4500- NO3- B 45
15 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.10 BDL(<0.05) IS 3025(part 53)1987(Reaff: 2019) 1
16 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.10
17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.42 0.29 APHA 23rd EDN -4500-F B&D 1.00
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No. Parameter Unit
Results
Test procedure
Acceptable
limit as per
IS 10500 :
2012
GW5 GW6
18 Sodium as Na mg/l 96 72 IS : 3025 Part 45-1993
(Reaff:2019)
Not
Specified
19 Potassium as K mg/l 3.7 1.8 IS : 3025 Part 45 -1993
(Reaff:2019)
Not
Specified
20 Barium as Ba mg/l BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 D 0.7
21 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) APHA 23rd EDN -4500-Cl B 0.20
22 Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23rd EDN 3500 Al B 0.03
23 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL(<0.003) BDL(<0.003) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.003
24 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01
25 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.05
26 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.10 0.05 APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 5.00
27 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.05
28 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01
29 Cyanide as CN mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) APHA 23rd EDN -4500-CN E 0.05
30 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01
31 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) IS APHA 23rd EDN -3112 B 0.001
32 Anionic Surfactants as
MBAS mg/l BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025) APHA 23rd EDN 5540 C 0.20
33 Phenolic Compounds as
Phenol mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) APHA 23rd EDN 5530 B,C 0.001
34 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent APHA 23rd EDN -6630 B, C Absent
35 Total Coliforms MPN/
100ml <2 <2 IS–1622-1981 (Reaff –2019) Absent /100ml
36 E.coli MPN/
100ml <2 <2 IS–1622-1981 (Reaff–2019) Absent /100ml
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S.
No. Parameter Unit
Results
Test procedure
Acceptable
limit as per
IS 10500 : 2012 GW7 GW8
1 Colour Hazen <1 <1 IS 3025(part 4)1983(RA 2017) 5
2 Odour - No Odour
Observed
No Odour
Observed IS 3025(part 8)1984(RA 2017) Agreeable
3 Turbidity NTU BDL(<0.5) BDL(<0.5) IS:3025 Part 10-1984(Reaff: 2017) 1
4 pH at 25 °C - 7.58 7.74 IS :3025 Part 11-1983(Reaff:
2017) 6.5-8.5
5 Conductivity at 25 °C μS/cm 417 1615 IS :3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff:2017) Not Specified
6 Total dissolved solids mg/l 245 915 IS :3025 Part 16-1984(Reaff:
2017) 500
7 Total Suspended solids mg/l <2 <2 IS :3025 Part 17-1984(Reaff: 2017) Not Specified
8 Total Alkalinity as
CaCO3 mg/l 118 482 IS : 3025 Part 23-1986(Reaff: 2019) 200
9 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 120 406 IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 200
10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 26 101 IS : 3025 Part 40-1991(Reaff:
2019) 75
11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 13.3 37 APHA 23rd EDN -3500 Mg B 30
12 Chloride as Cl- mg/l 45 292 IS :3025 Part 32-1988(Reaff:
2019) 250
13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 43 66 APHA 23rd EDN -4500-SO42- E 200
14 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 2 10 APHA 23rd EDN -4500- NO3- B 45
15 Iron as Fe mg/l BDL(<0.05) 0.05 IS 3025(part 53)1987(Reaff: 2019) 1
16 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.10
17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.31 0.41 APHA 23rd EDN -4500-F B&D 1.00
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No. Parameter Unit
Results
Test procedure
Acceptable
limit as per
IS 10500 : 2012 GW7 GW8
18 Sodium as Na mg/l 38 122 IS : 3025 Part 45-1993
(Reaff:2019) Not Specified
19 Potassium as K mg/l 1 2.7 IS : 3025 Part 45 -1993
(Reaff:2019) Not Specified
20 Barium as Ba mg/l BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 D 0.7
21 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) APHA 23rd EDN -4500-Cl B 0.20
22 Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23rd EDN 3500 Al B 0.03
23 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL(<0.003) BDL(<0.003) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.003
24 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01
25 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.05
26 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.06 0.17 APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 5.00
27 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.05
28 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01
29 Cyanide as CN mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) APHA 23rd EDN -4500-CN E 0.05
30 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01
31 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) IS APHA 23rd EDN -3112 B 0.001
32 Anionic Surfactants as
MBAS mg/l BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025) APHA 23rd EDN 5540 C 0.20
33 Phenolic Compounds as
Phenol mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) APHA 23rd EDN 5530 B,C 0.001
34 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent APHA 23rd EDN -6630 B, C Absent
35 Total Coliforms MPN/
100ml <2 <2 IS–1622-1981 (Reaff –2019) Absent /100ml
36 E.coli MPN/
100ml <2 <2 IS–1622-1981 (Reaff–2019) Absent /100ml
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SURFACE WATER QUALITY:
S.
No Parameter Unit
Results Test procedure
Acceptable
limit as per
IS 10500 :
2012
SW1 SW2
1 Temperature C 26.5 25.6 APHA 23rd EDN -2550B Not Specified
2 Colour Hazen 15 8 APHA 23rd EDN-2120 C 5
3 Odour - No Odour
Observed
No Odour
Observed APHA 23rd EDN -2150 B Agreeable
4 pH at 25°C - 7.94 8.04 IS : 3025 Part 11- 1983 (Reaff: 2017) 6.5-8.5
5 Electrical Conductivity μS/cm 390 472 IS : 3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff: 2019) Not Specified
6 Turbidity NTU 1.9 2.1 IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff: 2017) 1
7 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 215 266 IS : 3025 Part 16-1984 (Reaff: 2017) 500
8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 124 140 IS : 3025 Part 21-1983 (Reaff: 2019) 200
9 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 116 113 IS : 3025 Part 23- 1986(Reaff: 2019) 200
10 Chloride as Cl mg/l 44 70 IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff: 2019) 250
11 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 18 20 APHA 23rd EDN - 4500- SO42- E 200
12 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.10 0.21 APHA 23rd EDN - 4500-F B&D 1.00
13 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 4 7 APHA 23rd EDN - 4500- NO3- B 45
14 Ammonia as NH3 mg/l 0.05 0.05 APHA 23rd EDN - 4500- NH3 B&C 0.5
15 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l 0.14 0.02 IS : 3025 Part 31-1988 (Reaff: 2019) Not Specified
16 Sodium as Na mg/l 35 40 IS:3025 Part 45-1993(Reaff: 2019) Not Specified
17 Potassium as K mg/l 1.6 3 IS:3025 Part 45-1993(Reaff: 2019) Not Specified
18 Calcium as Ca mg/l 27 27 IS:3025 Part 40-1991(Reaff: 2019) Not Specified
19 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 13 17 APHA 23rd EDN 3500 Mg B 30
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S.
No Parameter Unit
Results
Test Procedure
Acceptable
limit as per
IS 10500 :
2012
SW1 SW2
20 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.10 0.15 IS : 3025 Part 53-2003(Reaff: 2019) 1
21 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL(<0.02) 0.01 APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.10
22 Anionic Surfactants as MBAS mg/l BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025) APHA 23rd EDN -5540 C 0.20
23 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 3 4 IS:3025 Part 17-1984(Reaff: 2017) Not
Specified
24 Dissolved Oxygen as O2 mg/l 6.1 5.9 IS:3025:Part-38:1989(Reaff: 2019) Not
Specified
25 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 12 14 IS:3025:Part-58:2006(Reaff: 2017) Not
Specified
26 Bio-Chemical Oxygen
Demand @ 27°C for 3 days mg/l <2 <2 IS:3025:Part-44:1993(Reaff: 2019)
Not
Specified
27 Phenolic compounds as
C6H5OH mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) APHA 23rd EDN 5530 B,C,D 0.001
28 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.05
29 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) APHA 23rd EDN -3112 B 0.001
30 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL(<0.003) BDL(<0.003) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.003
31 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01
32 Total Arsenic as As mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.01
33 Cyanide as CN mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) APHA 23rd EDN-4500-CN E 0.05
34 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.01
35 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.12 0.08 APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 5.0
36 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.05
37 Nickel as Ni mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.02
38 Oil & Grease
mg/l BDL(<1) BDL(<1) IS:3025:Part-39:1991(Reaff: 2019) Not
Specified
39 Mineral oil mg/l BDL(<0.5) BDL(<0.5) IS:3025:Part-39:1991(Reaff: 2019) 0.5
40 Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls
(PCBs) mg/l
BDL
(<0.0001) BDL (<0.0001) APHA 23rd EDN -6630 B 0.0005
41 Poly Nuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbon as PAH mg/l
BDL
(<0.0001) BDL (<0.0001) APHA 23rd EDN -6440 B 0.0001
42 Total Coliform MPN/
100ml 1100 700 IS – 1622 -1981 (Reaff – 2019) -
43 Fecal Coliform MPN/
100ml 80 40 IS – 1622-1981(Reaff – 2019) -
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S.
No Parameter Unit
Results Test procedure
Acceptable
limit as per
IS 10500 : 2012
SW3 SW4 SW5
1 Temperature C 27.1 25.5 25.5 APHA 23rd EDN -2550B Not Specified
2 Colour Haze
n 20 25 25 APHA 23rd EDN-2120 C 5
3 Odour - No Odour
Observed
No Odour
Observed
No Odour
Observed APHA 23rd EDN -2150 B Agreeable
4 pH at 25°C - 8.07 7.62 7.62 IS : 3025 Part 11- 1983 (Reaff:
2017) 6.5-8.5
5 Electrical Conductivity μS/c
m 365 298 312
IS : 3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff:
2019) Not Specified
6 Turbidity NTU 4.6 4.1 4.1 IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff:
2017) 1
7 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 225 158 168
IS : 3025 Part 16-1984 (Reaff:
2017) 500
8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 110 75 82 IS : 3025 Part 21-1983 (Reaff:
2019) 200
9 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 96 68 70 IS : 3025 Part 23- 1986(Reaff:
2019) 200
10 Chloride as Cl mg/l 63 41 47 IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff:
2019) 250
11 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 15 8 11 APHA 23rd EDN - 4500- SO4
2-
E 200
12 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.10 0.10 0.12 APHA 23rd EDN - 4500-F B&D 1.00
13 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 1 5 3 APHA 23rd EDN - 4500- NO3
-
B 45
14 Ammonia as NH3 mg/l 0.17 0.08 0.11 APHA 23rd EDN - 4500- NH3
B&C 0.5
15 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l 0.22 0.05 0.07 IS : 3025 Part 31-1988 (Reaff:
2019) Not Specified
16 Sodium as Na mg/l 42 26 28 IS:3025 Part 45-1993(Reaff:
2019) Not Specified
17 Potassium as K mg/l 3.9 2.2 3 IS:3025 Part 45-1993(Reaff:
2019) Not Specified
18 Calcium as Ca mg/l 21 17 19 IS:3025 Part 40-1991(Reaff:
2019) Not Specified
19 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 14 7.89 8.3 APHA 23rd EDN 3500 Mg B 30
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BDL - Below Detection Limit
S.
No Parameter Unit
Results
Test Procedure
Acceptable
limit as per
IS 10500 : 2012 SW3 SW4 SW5
20 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.18 0.12 0.14 IS : 3025 Part 53-
2003(Reaff: 2019) 1
21 Manganese as Mn
mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL
(<0.02)
BDL
(<0.02) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.10
22 Anionic Surfactants as
MBAS mg/l BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025) APHA 23rd EDN -5540 C 0.20
23 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 8 7 8 IS:3025 Part 17-
1984(Reaff: 2017) Not Specified
24 Dissolved Oxygen as O2 mg/l 5.2 6.2 6.1 IS:3025:Part-
38:1989(Reaff: 2019) Not Specified
25 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 22 17 19 IS:3025:Part-
58:2006(Reaff: 2017) Not Specified
26 Bio-Chemical Oxygen
Demand @ 27°C for 3 days mg/l 3.1 2.3 2.6
IS:3025:Part-
44:1993(Reaff: 2019) Not Specified
27 Phenolic compounds as
C6H5OH mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)
APHA 23rd EDN 5530
B,C,D 0.001
28 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.05
29 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) APHA 23rd EDN -3112 B 0.001
30 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL(<0.003) BDL(<0.003) BDL(<0.003) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.003
31 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3113 B 0.01
32 Total Arsenic as As mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.01
33 Cyanide as CN
mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) APHA 23rd EDN-4500-CN
E 0.05
34 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.01
35 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.09 0.11 0.15 APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 5.0
36 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.05
37 Nickel as Ni mg/l BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) APHA 23rd EDN -3111 B 0.02
38 Oil & Grease
mg/l BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) IS:3025:Part-
39:1991(Reaff: 2019) Not Specified
39 Mineral oil mg/l BDL(<0.5) BDL(<0.5) BDL(<0.5) IS:3025:Part-
39:1991(Reaff: 2019) 0.5
40 Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls
(PCBs) mg/l
BDL
(<0.0001)
BDL
(<0.0001)
BDL
(<0.0001) APHA 23rd EDN -6630 B 0.0005
41 Poly Nuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbon as PAH mg/l
BDL
(<0.0001)
BDL
(<0.0001)
BDL
(<0.0001) APHA 23rd EDN -6440 B 0.0001
42 Total Coliform MPN/
100ml >1600 >1600 >1600
IS – 1622 -1981 (Reaff –
2019) -
43 Fecal Coliform MPN/
100ml 240 110 170
IS – 1622-1981(Reaff –
2019) -
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3.6.2 BASELINE GROUND WATER QUALITY
pH of ground water samples varied from 7.56 to 7.98. Turbidity was found 0.5 to 1.0 NTU,
Total Dissolved Solids varied in the range of 245 to 936 mg/L. Total Hardness (as CaCO3)
varied from 120 to 727 mg/L. Total Alkalinity varied from 118 to 482 mg/L. Chlorides and
Sulfates are found in the range of 45 to 292 mg/L and 39 to 296 mg/L respectively.
Sr.
No.
Criteria Pollutants Unit Maximum
Value
Minimum
Value
Desirable
Limit
Maximum
Permissible
Limit
1. pH pH Scale 7.98 7.56 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation
2. Total Suspended Solids mg/L <2 <2 80 120
3. Total Hardness mg/L 727 120 300 600
4. Fluoride mg/L 0.17 0.42 1 1.5
5. Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 936 245 500 2000
6. Chlorides mg/L 292 45 250 1000
7. Zinc mg/L 0.05 0.15 5 15
3.6.3 BASELINE SURFACE WATER QUALITY
pH of surface water samples was found 7.62 to 8.04. Turbidity was found 1.9 to 4.6 NTU,
Total Dissolved Solids was found 158 to 266 mg/L. Total Hardness (as CaCO3) are found
75 to 140 mg/L. Total Alkalinity varied from 68 to 116 mg/L. Chlorides and Sulfates are
found 41 to 70 mg/L and 8 to 20 mg/L respectively.
Sr.
No.
Criteria
Pollutants
Unit Maximum
Value
Minimum Value
1. pH pH Scale 8.04 7.62
2. Total
Alkalinity
mg/L 116 68
3. Total
Hardness
mg/L 140 75
4. Total
Dissolved
Solids
mg/L 266 158
3.6.4 INTERPRETATION:
Ground Water Quality: Based on comparison study with drinking water standards, it is
interpreted that water samples collected from the villages should not be directly used in
drinking but can be used in other domestic purposes like washing, bathing and irrigation.
Results of copper, lead in the water sample of all the villages are found below detectable.
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It can be observed that ground water qualities in terms of various essential and desirable
characteristics are found within the limits specified by IS 10500:2012.
Surface Water Quality: There are three ponds considered in the study area. However,
this water is not used for domestic/industrial activities; as the raw water is easily
available through pipelines of local authorities. These water sources cannot be utilized
for drinking but the water of these ponds can be used in irrigation. The water quality is
good and it was observed that all the parameters are well within the range of acceptance
criteria as per IS: 10500.
3.7 LAND ENVIRONMENT
3.7.1 SOIL QUALITY
Soil samples were collected from 8 locations during March 03, 2021 to March 09, 2021
within the study area to assess its physico-chemical characteristics. The analysis results
of soil samples are given in Table 3.7.
TABLE – 3.7
PHYSICO-CHEMICALS CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL
S.
No. Parameters Test Methods S1 S2 S3 S4
1 pH IS -2720(Part 26) 1987(RA 2011) 7.85 8.11 7.98 8.25
2 Bulk Density, g/cc FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 1 1.41 1.32 1.42 1.29
3 Electrical Conductivity,
mS/cm IS -14767:2000 (RA 2010) 0.096 0.134 0.071 0.116
4 Total Nitrogen, kg/ha IS -14684:1999, Reaff:2008 184 235 178 203
5 Available Phosphorous,
kg/ha FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 2 32.8 21.5 19.8 38.5
6 Available Potassium, kg/ha FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 7 265 352 274 390
7 Exchangeable Calcium as
Ca,m.eq/100g FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 4 12.2 14.8 11.5 15.1
8 Exchangeable Magnesium
as Mg, m.eq/100g FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 5 3.71 4.53 3.91 4.66
9 Exchangeable Sodium as
Na, m.eq/100g FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 6 0.85 1.41 0.96 1.29
10 Organic matter (%) IS 2720 (Part 22):1972, Reaff:2010 1.12 1.47 1.09 1.52
10 Texture Classification
Robinson Pipette Method
Loam Clay
Loam Loam
Clay
Loam
11 Sand (%) 39.6 38.6 40.5 41
12 Clay (%) 25 33.5 26 32.8
13 Silt (%) 35.4 27.9 33.5 26.2
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S.
No. Parameters Test Methods S5 S6 S7 S8
1 pH IS -2720(Part 26) 1987(RA 2011) 8.34 8.04 8.25 7.74
2 Bulk Density, g/cc FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 1 1.21 1.38 1.33 1.42
3 Electrical Conductivity,
mS/cm IS -14767:2000 (RA 2010) 0.178 0.105 0.151 0.088
4 Total Nitrogen, kg/ha IS -14684:1999, Reaff:2008 295 181 224 182
5 Available Phosphorous,
kg/ha FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 2 41 32.8 36 21.9
6 Available Potassium, kg/ha FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 7 348 266 384 331
7 Exchangeable Calcium as
Ca,m.eq/100g FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 4 19.6 12 15.1 11.3
8 Exchangeable Magnesium
as Mg, m.eq/100g FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 5 5.05 3.98 4.33 3.15
9 Exchangeable Sodium as Na,
m.eq/100g FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 6 1.48 1.09 1.67 1.18
10 Organic matter (%) IS 2720 (Part 22):1972, Reaff:2010 1.37 0.97 1.15 1.32
10 Texture Classification
Robinson Pipette Method
Clay Loam Clay
Loam Loam
11 Sand (%) 28.7 36.6 35.4 42.8
12 Clay (%) 51.4 25.3 36.1 27.1
13 Silt (%) 19.9 38.1 28.5 30.1
3.7.2 SUMMARY OF SOIL QUALITY
Parameters like Potassium, Calcium, Total Nitrogen, Bulk Density, etc. were considered.
Based on the soil analysis report, the following can be concluded:
Sr. No. Criteria Pollutants Unit Maximum Value Minimum Value
1. pH pH Scale 8.34 7.74
2. Potassium (K) mg/kg 390 265
3. Bulk Density gm/cm3 1.42 1.21
4. Calcium mg/kg 19.6 11.3
5. Total Nitrogen Kg/ha 295 178
6. Organic matter % 1.52 0.97
7. Available Phosphorus KG/HA 41 19.8
3.7.3 INTERPRETATION
The porosity of soils can be considered as moderate too good for air and water
movement in the soil and the pH of soils are slightly alkaline. The concentration of
available Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium in the soil samples signifies that the soil
of the area is fertile.
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3.7.4 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
The soil of the district is mostly sandy, mixed sandy. In a few other places the soil is mixed
with soda or other alkaline or stony. Rocks found in and near the surface are in detached
masses. Altogether the soil of the district cannot be considered rich or very fertile. The
alluvial soil - the most fertile type, is found on the banks of Kosasthalaiyar and Araniyar
and other major rivers. The soil found nearer the sea coast is of the inferior type which is
most suited for raising casurina. Laterite soil is the predominant soil type in Thiruvallur
district accounting for 63.2% of the total area under cultivation. Red loam and black soil
account for 28% in the district soil map. Over 13.7% of soils suffer from salinity/alkalinity.
13.2% of soil are with problems of water logging and marshy land. Sands, desert/coastal
soils account for 3.0%.
FIGURE-3.3
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
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3.8 GEOLOGICAL, HYDROLOGICAL & DRAINAGE DATA
The Thiruvallur district can be geologically classified into hard rock and sedimentary
(alluvial) formation. This district is principally made up of Archaean, upper Gondwana and
the tertiary formations. These are over laid by laterites and alluvium. The oldest of the
crystalline rocks of Archaean age are of Biotite and Hornblende Gneiss, Charnockite and
granite. These are intruded by Amphibole dykes, and occasionally with veins of quartz
and pegmatites.
FIGURE-3.4
MAJOR GEOLOGICAL FEATURES
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3.8.1 HYDROLOGY
Dams and reservoir: The only dam in the district is across the river Kosasthalaiyar river
named as Sathiyamoorthi sagar and was constructed in 1994. The designed capacity of
the dam is 97.98MCM. There are three reservoirs at Red hills, Cholavaram,
Chembarambakkam with the capacity of 93.46, 25.30, 103.23 MCM respectively. Water
at Sathiyamoorthy dam and all the three reservoirs are used for only chennai city water
supply.
River basins: Araniyar, Kusasthalaiyar, Adyar and Cooum are the four rivers in the
district. Araniyar and Kosasthaliyar originate in Andra Pradesh, whereas Cooum and
Adyar originate from surplus courses of Cooum of tank in Thiruvallur taluk and
Chembarambakkam tank in Sriperumpudur taluk respectively. In respect of basinwise
ground water availability the average annual rainfall of the four river basin is 1039mm.
FIGURE-3.5
HYDROLOGY PATTERN
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3.8.2 DRAINAGE PATTERN
Araniyar, Korattalayar, Cooum, Nagari and Nandhi are the important rivers. The drainage
pattern, in general, is dendritic. All the rivers are seasonal and carry substantial flows
during monsoon period. Korattaliar river water is supplied to Cholavaram and Red Hill
tanks by constructing an Anicut at Vellore Tambarambakkam. After filling a number of
tanks on its further course, the river empties into the Ennore creek a few kilometres
north of Chennai. The Cooum river, flowing across the southern part of the district, has
its origin in the surplus waters of the Cooum tank in Tiruvallur taluk and also receives the
surplus waters of a number of tanks. It feeds the Chembarambakkam tank through a
channel. It finally drains into the Bay of Bengal.
FIGURE-3.6
DRAINAGE PATTERN
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3.9 LAND USE PATTERN
AREAS UNDER DIFFERENT LAND USE
Sr. No LU Class Area in Ha Area in %
1 Agriculture 16593.75 51
2 Forest 5397.69 16.6
3 Industrial Area 463.84 1.4
4 Residential Area 3769.08 12.0
13 Scrubland 5025.96 15.5
14 Water body 3352.56 10.3
TOTAL 32510.53 100
FIGURE – 3.7
LAND USE / LAND COVER
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3.10 TOPOSHEET (KEY INFRASTRUCTURE)
FIGURE 3.8
TOPOSHEET (KEY INFRASTRUCTURE)
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3.11 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Introduction: The climatic, edaphic and biotic variations with their complex
interrelationship and composition of the species, which are adapted to these variations,
have resulted in different vegetation cover, characteristic of each region. The ecology of
the study area is briefly discussed in this subsection. The study is mostly surrounded by
the rural area.The fallow land prevails majority occupancy in study area following
agriculture land and industries.
Environmental Impact Assessments have become an integral part of development project
to formulate policies and guidelines for environmentally sound economic development.
Proper assessment of biological environment and compilation of its taxonomical data is
essential for the impact prediction.
A base line Survey has been carried out to appraise the terrestrial flora and fauna within
study areas of 10 km radius around the industry project site.
Methodology: Floral and Faunal species were observed within the 10 km aerial radius
from the project site using point sampling method by random sampling.
Table 3.8: Methodology for evaluation of biodiversity status of study area
Plants
Tree Random Sampling by 10-meter radius circular plot
Shrubs Random Sampling by 10-meter radius circular plot
Herbs Random Sampling by 1-meter x 1-meter square
plot
Birds
Terrestrial Random Point centered quadrate in 10-meter
radius
Aquatic Random Line sampling - Total count &Flock count
Herpetofauna
Terrestrial/Aquatic Random Pint sampling 10-meter radius circular
plot
Indirect evidence Randomly Survey in the village with the help of
pictorial representation
Direct Evidence Through Random Survey and Direct Sightings.
Mammals Direct Count Random Line transect
Indirect evidence Surveys in the villages with the help of pictorial
representation
Ecological Information about the project site:
The study area is have different ecosystems such as Forests of Chittoor districts Andhra
Pradesh and Thiruvallur district of Tamilnadu. These are good biodiversity areas. Along
with this there are many seasonal water bodies and river present all over the study area.
There are big scrublands also present adjacent to forest as well as human settlements. All
these habitats is a home to different kind of Biodiversity and the details of the same is
given below:
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Ecology of the study area:
Table 3.9 FLORA:
S.No Scientific Name Common Name
Tree
1 Azadirachta indica Neem
2 Ficus benghalensis Bargat
3 Acacia nilotica Babool
4 Cocos nucifera Coconut
5 Ficus amplissima Bat tree
6 Aegle marmelos Bel
7 Mangifera indica Mango
8 Tamarindus indica Tamarind
9 Albizzia lebbeck Kala Siras
10 Delonix regia Gulmohr
11 Citrus medica Stock Melon
12 Emblica officinalis Amla
13 Euphorbia tirucalli Pencil plant
14 Musa paradise Banana
15 Pongamia pinnata Karanja
16 Wattakaka volubilis Sneeze Wort
17 Syzygium cumini Jamun
18 Tectona grandis Teak
19 Sida cordifolia Country Mallow
Shrubs
1 Jatropha curcus Ratanjoti
2 Solanum indicum Ubhiringon
3 Lantana camara Wild Sage
4 Jatropha glandulifera Glandular Jatropha
5 Datura metel Dhutura
6 Abrus precatorius Coral bead vine
7 Asparagus racemosus Shatavari
8 Cressa cretica Rudravanti
9 Flueggea leucopyrus Bushweed
10 Jasminum sessiliflorum Kuruvilaangkodi
11 Morinda pubescens Indian Mulberry
12 Pavetta indica Indian Pavetta
13 Vitex trifolia Lagundi
14 Solanum pubescens Turkey berry
15 Tridax procumbens Tridax daisy
16 Cassia tora Chakvad
17 Neptunia oleracea Water mimosa
18 Ochna obtusata Golden champak
19 Euphorbia geniculata Fireplant
20 Plumba gozeylanica White leadwort
21 Opuntia dillenii Prickly pear
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Herbs
1 Xanthium strumarium Common cocklebur
2 Dinebra retroflexa Viper grass
3 Cynodon dactylon Durba grass
4 Mimosa pudica Lajwanti
5 Parthenium hysterophorus Gajarghas
6 Phyllanthus amarus Bahupatra
7 Sporobolus fertilis Giant Parramatta Grass
8 Pancium paludosum Torpedo Grass
9 Schoeno plectusacutus Bulrush
10 Tridax procumbens Tridax Daisy
11 Oldenlandia corymbosa Daman pappad
12 Typha angustata Ramban
13 Tribulus terrestris Mithugokhru
14 Sida cordifolia Flannel weed
15 Aerva lanata Chaya
16 Ocimum bacillicum Sweet basil
17 Dactyloctenium aegyptium Crowfoot grass
18 Sporoboluscoro mandelianus Smut grass
Climbers
1 Coccin iaindica Kundru
2 Cissampelos pareira Abutua
3 Cardiospermum halicacabum Balloon Vine
4 Coccinia grandis Ivy Gourd
Table 3.10 FAUNA
FAUNA
Mammals
Sr.
No Local Name Scientific Name IUCN Status
WPA
Schedule
1 Small Indian civet Viverricula indica LC IV
2 Hanuman langur Presbytis entellus LC II
3 Common Indian hare Lepus nigricollis LC IV
4 Common Indian
mongoose Herpestes edwardsi LC II
5 Asian house shrew Suncus murinus LC IV
6 Five-striped palm
squirrel Funambulus pennantii LC IV
7 House mouse Mus musculus LC V
8 Indian flying fox Pteropus giganteus LC V
9 Lesser mouse-tailed
Bat Rhinopoma hardwickii LC
V
BIRDS
Sr.
No Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status
WPA
Schedule
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1 Lesser Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna javanica LC IV
2 Knob-billed Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos LC IV
3 Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus LC I
4 Common Quail Coturnix coturnix LC IV
5 Rain Quail Coturnix
coromandelica LC
IV
6 Gray Francolin Francolinus
pondicerianus LC
IV
7 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficolli LC IV
8 Rock Pigeon Columba livia LC V
9 Eurasian Collared-
Dove Streptopelia decaocto LC
IV
10 Red Collared-Dove Streptopelia
tranquebarica LC
IV
11 Laughing Dove Streptopelia
senegalensis LC
IV
12 Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus LC IV
13 Asian Koel Eudynamys
scolopaceus LC
IV
14 Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus LC IV
15 House Swift Apus affinis LC IV
16 Eurasian Moorhen Gallinula chloropus LC IV
17 Eurasian Coot Fulica atra LC IV
18 Gray-headed
Swamphen
Porphyrio
poliocephalus LC
IV
19 White-breasted
Waterhen
Amaurornis
phoenicurus LC
IV
20 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus
himantopus LC
IV
21 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus LC IV
22 Greater Painted-
Snipe
Rostratula
benghalensis LC
IV
23 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos LC IV
24 Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis LC IV
25 River Tern Sterna aurantia LC IV
26 Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans LC IV
27 Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala Near-threatened IV
28 Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax
fuscicollis LC
IV
29 Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger LC IV
30 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo LC IV
31 Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus
cinnamomeus LC
IV
32 Gray Heron Ardea cinerea LC IV
33 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea LC IV
34 Great Egret Ardea alba LC IV
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35 Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia LC IV
36 Little Egret Egretta garzetta LC IV
37 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis LC IV
38 Indian Pond-Heron Ardeola grayi LC IV
39 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus LC IV
40 Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis
melanocephalus Near-threatened
IV
41 Red-naped Ibis Pseudibis papillosa LC IV
42 Oriental Honey-
buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus LC
I
43 Shikra Accipiter badius LC I
44 Spotted Owlet Athene brama LC IV
45 Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops LC IV
46 Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis LC IV
47 White-throated
Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis LC
IV
48 Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis LC IV
49 Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis LC IV
50 Coppersmith Barbet Psilopogon
haemacephalus LC
IV
51 Black-rumped
Flameback Dinopium benghalense LC
IV
52 Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri LC IV
53 White-browed Fantail Rhipidura aureola LC IV
54 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus LC IV
55 Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus LC IV
56 White-bellied Drongo Dicrurus caerulescens LC IV
57 Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus LC IV
58 Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach LC IV
59 Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius LC IV
60 Graceful Prinia Prinia gracilis LC IV
61 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis LC IV
62 Booted Warbler Iduna caligata LC IV
63 Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola LC IV
64 Dusky Crag-Martin Ptyonoprogne
concolor LC
IV
65 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica LC IV
66 Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii LC IV
67 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer LC IV
68 Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus
trochiloides LC
IV
69 Common Babbler Turdoides caudata LC IV
70 Large Gray Babbler Turdoides malcolmi LC IV
71 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striata LC IV
72 Brahminy Starling Sturnia pagodarum LC IV
73 Indian Robin Copsychus fulicatus LC IV
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74 Oriental Magpie-
Robin Copsychus saularis LC
IV
75 Tickell's Blue
Flycatcher Cyornis tickelliae LC
IV
76 Bluethroat Luscinia svecica LC IV
77 Red-breasted
Flycatcher Ficedula parva LC
IV
78 Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros LC IV
79 Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata LC IV
80 Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus LC IV
81 Black-breasted
Weaver Ploceus benghalensis LC
IV
82 Red Avadavat Amandava amandava LC IV
83 Indian Silverbill Euodice malabarica LC IV
84 Yellow-throated
Sparrow Gymnoris xanthocollis LC
IV
85 Gray Wagtail Motacilla cinerea LC IV
86 Western Yellow
Wagtail Motacilla flava LC
IV
87 Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola LC IV
88 White Wagtail Motacilla alba LC IV
89 Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus LC IV
90 Long-billed Pipit Anthus similis LC IV
Reptilia
Sr.
No. Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status
WPA
Schedule
1 Brooke's house gecko Hemidactylus brookii LC -
2 Yellow-bellied house
gecko
Hemidactylus
flaviviridis LC
IV
3 Oriental garden
lizard Calotes versicolor LC
IV
4 Common Indian
monitor Varanus bengalensis LC
IV
5 Rough-tailed sand
boa. Gongylophis conicus LC
II
6 Buff striped keelback Amphiesma stolatum LC II
7 Indian wolf snake Lycodon aulicus LC II
8 Indian ratsnake Ptyas mucosa LC II
9 Common krait Bungarus caeruleus LC II
10 Indian cobra Naja naja LC II
11 Russell's viper Daboia russelii LC II
12 Indian soft-shelled
turtle Lissemys punctata LC
I
Amphibia
Sr.
No. Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status
WPA
Schedule
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1 Asian common toad Duttaphrynus
melanostictus LC
IV
2 Indian cricket frog Fejervarya limnocharis LC IV
3 Indian burrowing frog Sphaerotheca
breviceps LC
IV
Insects
Sr.
No. Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status
WPA
Schedule
1 Damselfly Ceriagrion
coromandelianum LC
IV
2 Katydid Microcentrum
rhombifolium LC
IV
3 Field cricket Gryllus domesticus LC IV
4 Mole cricket Gryllotalpa orientalis LC IV
5 Grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria LC IV
6 Cockroach Periplaneta americana LC IV
7 Termite Odontotermes obesus LC IV
8 Cicada Platypleura
octoguttata LC
IV
9 Mosquito Aedes species LC IV
10 Mosquito Anopheles species LC IV
11 Long-legged flies Condylostylus species LC IV
12 Flower fly Sphaerophoria
scutellaris LC
IV
13 Blow fly Lucilia illustris LC IV
14 House fly Musca domestica LC IV
15 Moth Syntomis passalis LC IV
16 Plain tiger Danaus chrysippus LC IV
17 Common tiger Danaus genutia LC IV
18 Common Indian crow Euploea core LC IV
19 Paper wasp Ropalidia variegata LC IV
20 Thread-waisted wasp Sphex lobatus LC IV
21 Carpenter bee Xylocopa virginica LC IV
22 Honey bee Apis dorsata LC IV
23 Honey bee Apis florea LC IV
24 Black ant Camponotus
compressus LC
IV
25 Weaver ant Oecophylla
smaragdina LC
IV
26 ant Crematogaster soror LC IV
27 Tent-weaver spider Cyrtophora citricola LC IV
28 Orb-web spider Argiope anasuja LC IV
29 Spiny-backed spider Thelacantha
brevispina LC
IV
30 Scorpion Orthochirus flavescens LC IV
31 Centipede Scolopendra cingulata LC IV
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32 Earthworm Pheretima posthuma LC IV
Details of Presence of Schedule-I species
Study Area: M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD, Plot No:A7, SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Village:
Thervoykandigai; Taluk: Gummidipoondi; District: Thiruvallur; State: Tamil Nadu
a) Whether there is presence of schedule-I species?
The Schedule- I species as per Wildlife Protection Act -1972 are:
Sr.
No. Animal Type
Scientific Name
(Zoological Name) Local Name
WPA
Status IUCN Status
1 Oriental honey
buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus Madhiyo baj I LC
2 Black kite Milvus migrans Samadi I LC
3 Shikra Accipiter badius Shakro I LC
4 Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus Mor I LC
5 Indian flapshell
turtle Lissemys punctata Kachbo LC I
b) Whether conservation plan for schedule-I species has been prepared?
Conservation Plan for Schedule – I species documented from project site
Introduction
A detailed biological survey of the core zone (Project site) and buffer zone (10 km
radius from periphery of the project site) was carried out giving details of flora
and fauna. However, peacock which belongs to Schedule I of the Wildlife
(Protection) Act 1972 are the only species of fauna found in the study area.
A detailed field survey was carried out for complete documentation of floral as well as
faunal biodiversity for the core zone which is at Project site and the buffer zone which is
10 km aerial circular area from the project site. The Oriental Honey Buzzard (Pernis
ptilorhynchus), Black Kite (Milvus migrans), Shikra (Accipiter badius), Indian Peafowl (Pavo
cristatus) among the birds, Indian flapshell turtle(Lissemys punctata) among the reptiles
was recorded from the study area and these faunal species belongs to Schedule – I of the
Wildlife Protection Act – 1972. Following are species wise conservation plans and also
generalized measures for their conservation.
- Oriental Honey Buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Accipitriformes
Family: Accipitridae
Genus: Pernis
Species: P. ptilorhynchus
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Binomial name
Pernis ptilorhynchus
General Description of the species
Despite its name, this species is not related to Buteobuzzards, and is taxonomically closer
to the kites. It appears long-necked with a small head (resembling that of a pigeon), and
soars on flat wings. The head lacks a strong superciliary ridge, giving it a facial appearance
very unlike a raptor. It has a long tail and a short head crest. It is brown above, but not as
dark as European honey buzzard, and paler below. A dark throat stripe is present.
Unusually for a large bird of prey, the sexes can be distinguished. The male has a blue-
grey head, while the female's head is brown. She is slightly larger and darker than the
male. The male has a black tail with a white band. It is larger and longer-winged than its
western counterpart, the European honey buzzard, Pernis apivorus.
Breeding of the species
It breeds in Asia from central Siberia east to Japan. It is a summer migrant to Siberia,
wintering in tropical Southeast Asia. Elsewhere, it is more-or-less resident.
Food Habits&Behaviour of the Species
It is a specialist feeder, living mainly on the larvae of social bees and wasps, and eating
bits of comb and honey. It takes other small insect prey such as cicadas. The crested
honey buzzard breeds in woodland, and is inconspicuous except in the spring, when the
mating display includes wing-clapping. The display of roller-coasting in flight and
fluttering wings at the peak of the ascent are characteristic of the genus Pernis.
Conservation and Its relationship with Humans
In present study area it is very common bird of prey and can be easily seen everywhere. It
have very good adaptability to every ecosystems such as Agro, Urban, Rural, Forest and
Wetlands. As it prefers the larvae of social bees and wasps, and eating bits of comb and
honey. It takes other small insect prey such as cicadas as food and so it is very much
associated to humans. But in this study area neither any such threat to the species
observed nor any harm by humans practiced. The species is well associated with human
habitations without any problem.
Probable Threats to the species
- This is large bird of prey and it prefers large trees for roosting and nesting so
decreasing amount of such trees is kind of direct threat to the species.
- It prefers social bees and wasps for food as well as bits of honey comb so the
indirect loss of such species can disturb the food availability of Honey buzzard. It
also prey upon small insects such as cicadas so application of various pesticides
can indirectly harm the species.
- Global Warming and Air pollution can harm this species in seasonal migration and
the health of the species.
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Conservation Measures
Direct and indirect approach is required to provide effective conservation, which is
recommended as under:
- Increasing the tree cover in the study area which will provide shelter and roosting
to theHoney Buzzard. This can be achieved by planting of trees (a group of trees
that grow close together, generally without many bushes or other plants) in
buffer area. By encouraging people for plantation of some local species such as
Neem, Shirish, Khakhro, Haldu, Amli, Banyan, Peepal and Peeper or other Ficus
sp.Vacant places such as edges of agricultural fields, village Gauchar, Panchayat’s
common land, neighbourhood of people inhibiting, road side avenue tree
plantation, open scrubs, ravines, school compounds can be selected for practicing
the plantation activity.
- Awareness programmes (community and school level) for conservation of Bird of
Preys in the study area as well as negative effects of Chemical pesticide and how it
is harmful to the food chain of such species is very essential and the same can be
achieved through organizing competitions during “Wildlife Week” celebrations by
active involvement of local community.
- Some provision of rewards to informers for the control of poaching and illegal
trade in wildlife.
- Carrying out census and research projects to know the potential threats and
population status of the species in collaboration of local schools, colleges,
panchayats and forest department.
- Suggest strategies to minimize negative impacts of changing environment in
nearby area of OrientalHoney buzzard populations and to promote conservation
of habitats.
- Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society
dedicated to ecological ethics. All the conservation measures will be implemented
with the help of and in the consultation of the district forest department.
- With the objective of effectively protecting the wild life and to control poaching,
smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives, the Government of India
enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972. The Act was amended in January 2003
and punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more
stringent.
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- Black Kite (Milvus migrans)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Accipitriformes
Family: Accipitridae
Genus: Milvus
Species: M. migrans
Binomial name
Milvus migrans
General Description of the species
The black kite (Milvus migrans) is a medium-sized bird of prey in the family Accipitridae,
which also includes many other diurnal raptors. It is thought to be the world's most
abundant species of Accipitridae, although some populations have experienced dramatic
declines or fluctuations. Current global population estimates run up to 6 million
individuals. Unlike others of the group, black kites are opportunistic hunters and are
more likely to scavenge. They spend a lot of time soaring and gliding in thermals in search
of food. Their angled wing and distinctive forked tail make them easy to identify. They are
also vociferous with a shrill whinnying call. This kite is widely distributed through the
temperate and tropical parts of Eurasia and parts of Australasia and Oceania, with the
temperate region populations tending to be migratory. Several subspecies are recognized
and formerly had their own English names. The European populations are small, but the
South Asian population is very large.
The species is found in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. The temperate populations of
this kite tend to be migratory while the tropical ones are resident. European and central
Asian birds (subspecies M. m. migrans and black-eared kite M. m. lineatus, respectively)
are migratory, moving to the tropics in winter, but races in warmer regions such as the
Indian M. m. govinda (small Indian/pariah kite), or the Australasian M. m. affinis (fork-
tailed kite), are resident. In some areas such as in the United Kingdom, the black kite
occurs only as a wanderer on migration.
In India, the population of M. m. govinda is particularly large especially in areas of high
human population. Here the birds avoid heavily forested regions. A survey in 1967 in the
150 square kilometres of the city of New Delhi produced an estimate of about 2200 pairs
or roughly 15 per square kilometre. Another survey in 2013 estimated 150 pairs for every
10 square kilometres.
Breeding of the species
The breeding season of black kites in India begins in winter (mainly January and
February), the young birds fledging before the monsoons. The nest is a rough platform of
twigs and rags placed in a tree. Nest sites may be reused in subsequent years. The nests
may sometimes be decorated with bright materials such as white plastic and a study in
Spain suggests that they may have a role in signalling to keep away other kites. After
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pairing, the male frequently copulates with the female. Unguarded females may be
approached by other males, and extra pair copulations are frequent. Males returning
from a foraging trip will frequently copulate on return, as this increases the chances of his
sperm fertilizing the eggs rather than a different male. Both the male and female take
part in nest building, incubation and care of chicks. The typical clutch size is 2 or
sometimes 3 eggs. The incubation period varies from 30–34 days. Chicks of the Indian
population stayed at the nest for nearly two months. Chicks hatched later in European
populations appeared to fledge faster. The care of young by the parents also rapidly
decreased with the need for adults to migrate. Siblings show aggression to each other
and often the weaker chick may be killed, but parent birds were found to preferentially
feed the smaller chicks in experimentally altered nests. Newly hatched young have down
(prepennae) which are sepia on the back and black around the eye and buff on the head,
neck and underparts. This is replaced by brownish-gray second down (preplumulae).
After 9–12 days, the second down appears on the whole body except the top of the head.
Body feathers begin to appear after 18 to 22 days. The feathers on the head become
noticeable from the 24th to 29th day. The nestlings initially feed on food fallen at the
bottom of the nest and begin to tear flesh after 33–39 days. They are able to stand on
their legs after 17–19 days and begin flapping their wings after 27–31 days. After 50 days,
they begin to move to branches next to the nest. Birds are able to breed after their
second year. Parent birds guard their nest and will dive aggressively at intruders. Humans
who intrude the nest appear to be recognized by birds and singled out for dive attacks.
Food Habits&Behaviour of the Species
Black kites are most often seen gliding and soaring on thermals as they search for food.
The flight is buoyant and the bird glides with ease, changing directions easily. They will
swoop down with their legs lowered to snatch small live prey, fish, household refuse and
carrion, for which behaviour they are known in British military slang as the shite-hawk.
They are opportunist hunters and have been known to take birds, bats, and rodents. They
are attracted to smoke and fires, where they seek escaping prey. Black kites in Spain prey
on nestling waterfowl especially during summer to feed their young. Predation of nests of
other pairs of black kites has also been noted. Kites have also been seen to tear and carry
away the nests of baya weavers in an attempt to obtain eggs or chicks.
Conservation and Its relationship with Humans
This species is very commonly found in human settlements as well as around agricultural
habitats and scrublands near human habitations. This species is given special attention as
it is included under Schedule-I of the Wildlife Protection Act-1972.
The Indian populations are well adapted to living in cities and are found in densely
populated areas. Large numbers may be seen soaring in thermals over cities. In some
places, they will readily swoop and snatch food held by humans.The birds avoid heavily
forested regions. A survey in 1967 in the 150 square kilometres of the city of New Delhi
produced an estimate of about 2200 pairs or roughly 15 per square kilometre. Another
survey in 2013 estimated 150 pairs for every 10 square kilometres.
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Probable Threats to the species
- Black kites often perch on electric wires and are frequent victims of electrocution.
- Their habit of swooping to pick up dead rodents or other roadkill leads to collisions
with vehicles.
- Instances of mass poisoning as a result of feeding on poisoned pests in agricultural
fields.
- As a large raptorial bird, the black kite has few natural predators. However, they do
have a single serious predator: the Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo).
- Like most bird species, they have parasites, several species of endoparasitic
trematodes are known and some Digenea species that are transmitted via fishes.
- In this study area there are no such threats have been observed for this species.
Conservation Measures
Direct and indirect approach is required to provide effective conservation, which is
recommended as under:
- Increasing the tree cover in the study area which will provide shelter and roosting
to theBlack Kite. This can be achieved by planting of trees (a group of trees that
grow close together, generally without many bushes or other plants) in buffer
area. By encouraging people for plantation of some local species such as Neem,
Shirish, Khakhro, Haldu, Amli, Banyan, Peepal and Peeper or other Ficus sp.Vacant
places such as edges of agricultural fields, village Gauchar, Panchayat’s common
land, neighbourhood of people inhibiting, road side avenue tree plantation, open
scrubs, ravines, school compounds can be selected for practicing the plantation
activity.
- Awareness programmes (community and school level) for conservation of Bird of
Preys in the study area as well as negative effects of Chemical pesticide and how it
is harmful to the food chain of such species is very essential and the same can be
achieved through organizing competitions during “Wildlife Week” celebrations by
active involvement of local community.
- Some provision of rewards to informers for the control of poaching and illegal
trade in wildlife.
- Carrying out census and research projects to know the potential threats and
population status of the species in collaboration of local schools, colleges,
panchayats and forest department.
- Suggest strategies to minimize negative impacts of changing environment in
nearby area of Black Kite populations and to promote conservation of habitats.
- Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society
dedicated to ecological ethics. All the conservation measures will be implemented
with the help of and in the consultation of the district forest department.
- With the objective of effectively protecting the wild life and to control poaching,
smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives, the Government of India
enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972. The Act was amended in January 2003
and punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more
stringent.
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- Shikra (Accipiter badius)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Accipitriformes
Family: Accipitridae
Genus: Accipiter
Species: A. badius
Binomial name
Accipiter badius
General Description of the species
The shikra (Accipiter badius) is a small bird of prey in the family Accipitridae found widely
distributed in Asia and Africa where it is also called the little banded goshawk. The
African forms may represent a separate species but have usually been considered as
subspecies of the shikra. The shikra is very similar in appearance to other sparrow hawk
species including the Chinese goshawk and Eurasian sparrowhawk. They have a sharp two
note call and have the typical flap and glide flight. Their calls are imitated by drongos and
the common hawk-cuckoo resembles it in plumage.
The shikra is a small raptor (26–30 cm long) and like most other Accipiter hawks, this
species has short rounded wings and a narrow and somewhat long tail. Adults are whitish
on the underside with fine rufous bars while the upperparts are grey. The lower belly is
less barred and the thighs are whitish. Males have a red iris while the females have a less
red (yellowish orange) iris and brownish upperparts apart from heavier barring on the
underparts. The females are slightly larger. The mesial stripe on the throat is dark but
narrow. In flight the male seen from below shows a light wing lining (underwing coverts)
and has blackish wing tips. When seen from above the tail bands are faintly marked on
the lateral tail feathers and not as strongly marked as in the Eurasian sparrowhawk. The
central tail feathers are unbanded and only have a dark terminal band. Juveniles have
dark streaks and spots on the upper breast and the wing is narrowly barred while the tail
has dark but narrow bands. A post juvenile transitional plumage is found with very strong
barring on the contour feathers of the underside. The call is pee-wee, the first note being
higher and the second being longer. In flight the calls are shorter and sharper kik-ki ... kik-
ki. The Chinese sparrowhawk is somewhat similar in appearance but has swollen bright
orange ceres and yellow legs with the wing tips entirely black.
Breeding of the species
The breeding season in India is in summer from March to June. The nest is a platform
similar to that of crows lined with grass. Both sexes help build the nest, twigs being
carried in their feet. Like crows, they may also make use of metal wires. The usual clutch
is 3 to 4 eggs (when eggs are removed they lay replacements and one observer noted
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that they could lay as many as 7 in a season) which are pale bluish grey stippled on the
broad end in black. The incubation period is 18 to 21 days.
Food Habits&Behaviour of the Species
The Shikra is found in a range of habitats including forests, farmland and urban areas.
They are usually seen singly or in pairs. The flight is typical with flaps and glides. During
the breeding season pairs will soar on thermals and stoop at each other. Their flight
usually draws alarms among smaller birds and squirrels. They feed on rodents (including
Meriones hurrianae), squirrels, small birds, small reptiles (mainly lizards but sometimes
small snakes) and insects. Small birds usually dive through foliage to avoid a Shikra and a
Small Blue Kingfisher has been observed diving into water to escape. Babblers have been
observed to rally together to drive away a Shikra. They will descend to the ground to
feast on emerging winged termites, hunt at dusk for small bats (such as Cynopterus
sphinx) and in rare instances they may even resort to feed on carrion. In one instance a
male was found feeding on a dead chick at the nest. Their calls are mimicked by drongos
and this behaviour is thought to aid in stealing food by alarming other birds that the
drongos associate with.
Conservation and Its relationship with Humans
This species is very commonly found in human settlements as well as around agricultural
habitats and scrublands near human habitations. This species is given special attention as
it is included under Schedule-I of the Wildlife Protection Act-1972.The Shikra was a
favourite among falconers in India and Pakistan due to the ease with it could be trained
and was frequently used to procure food for the more prized falcons. They were noted
for their pluck and ability to take much larger birds including partridges, crows and even
young peafowl. The word shikra or shikara means hunter in the Hindi language (the male
was called chipak or chipka based on call) the word Shikra is borrowed from the Urdu
word which is derived from the word shikari meaning hunter. Hunting in Persian is
referred to as shikar and in Arabic the hunt master in the Mameluke era was known as
Ameer Shikar. The word Shikari may also be used in English in the sense of "hunter". An
Indian Navyhelicopter base was named INS Shikra in 2009. The shikra is also the mascot
for the 149 Squadron of the Republic of Singapore Air Force, which operates the F5S/T
Tiger IIs fighter jets
Probable Threats to the species
- The Shikra was a favourite among falconers in India and Pakistan due to the ease with
it could be trained and was frequently used to procure food for the more prized
falcons, so sometimes the illegal trade can be happen for the species.
- Shikra often perch on electric wires and are frequent victims of electrocution.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 132
- Their habit of swooping to pick up dead rodents or other roadkill leads to collisions
with vehicles.
- Instances of mass poisoning as a result of feeding on poisoned pests in agricultural
fields.
Conservation Measures
Direct and indirect approach is required to provide effective conservation, which is
recommended as under:
- Increasing the tree cover in the study area which will provide shelter and roosting
to theShikra. This can be achieved by planting of trees (a group of trees that grow
close together, generally without many bushes or other plants) in buffer area. By
encouraging people for plantation of some local species such as Neem, Shirish,
Khakhro, Haldu, Amli, Banyan, Peepal and Peeper or other Ficus sp.Vacant places
such as edges of agricultural fields, village Gauchar, Panchayat’s common land,
neighbourhood of people inhibiting, road side avenue tree plantation, open
scrubs, ravines, school compounds can be selected for practicing the plantation
activity.
- Awareness programmes (community and school level) for conservation of Bird of
Preys in the study area as well as negative effects of Chemical pesticide and how it
is harmful to the food chain of such species is very essential and the same can be
achieved through organizing competitions during “Wildlife Week” celebrations by
active involvement of local community.
- Some provision of rewards to informers for the control of poaching and illegal
trade in wildlife.
- Carrying out census and research projects to know the potential threats and
population status of the species in collaboration of local schools, colleges,
panchayats and forest department.
- Suggest strategies to minimize negative impacts of changing environment in
nearby area of Shikra populations and to promote conservation of habitats.
- Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society
dedicated to ecological ethics. All the conservation measures will be implemented
with the help of and in the consultation of the district forest department.
- With the objective of effectively protecting the wild life and to control poaching,
smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives, the Government of India
enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972. The Act was amended in January 2003
and punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more
stringent.
- Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus)
Classification
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Class : Aves
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Order : Galliformes
Family : Phasianidae
Genus : Pavo
Species : Pavo cristatus
Common Name : Indian Peafowl
Vernacular Name : Mor
General Description of the species
Peacock or Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) is a familiar and universally known large
pheasant. It is the National Bird of India. The term“Peacock” is commonly used to refer
to birds of both sexes. Technically, only males are Peacock, females are Peahens and
together they are called Peafowl.The male has a spectacular glossy green long tail
feathers that may be more than 60 percent of the bird’s total body length. These feathers
have blue, golden green and copper colored ocelli (eyes). The long tail feathers are used
for mating rituals like courtship displays. The feathers are arched into a magnificent fan
shaped form across the back of the bird and almost touching the found on both sides.
Females do not have these graceful tail feathers. They have the fan like crest with whitish
face and throat, chestnut brown crown and hind neck, metallic green upper breast and
mantle, white belly and brownback rump and tail. Their primaries are dark brown.
Life Cycle of the species
Call: Kee-ow, Kee- ow, Kee-ow, Ka- an, Ka- an, Ka- an, Kok- kok, Kok- kok, cain- kok
Breeding: April – September
Nest site: On ground in undergrowth (wild) on buildings by semi- feral birds in villages,
they also prefer Old Houses, Kachcha Houses
Average Body length: 180-230 cm
Average Weight: 2750-6000 gm
Habitat: Agricultural fields, Rural Settlements, Ravines, Tall trees for Roosting, Open
Scrubs
Behaviour of the Species
Peacocks are gregarious by nature. In the breeding season they are usually seen in small
parties of one male with three to five females whereas in the non-breeding season they
remain in separate parties of adult males and females with juveniles. Peacocks roost in
tall trees and emerge from the dense thickets to feed in fields and openings in forests
and fields.
Food Habits
Peacocks are ground feeders and omnivores in nature. Indian peafowl’s do most of their
foraging early in the morning and shortly before sunset. They retreat to the shade and
security of the trees for the hottest portion of the day. They make a meal of grains,
berries drupes wild figs and some cultivated crops. They can also eat insects, reptiles
especially snakes and small mammals.
Present study area have open agriculture fields surrounded with rural settlements where
peafowl can easily find the seeds such as grains, pulses etc. as well as plant parts, flower
petals, seed heads, insects and other arthropods, reptiles and amphibians very easily and
due to this easy availability of food they inhibits in the region and also reproduces easily.
Conservation and Its relationship with Humans
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 134
Indian peafowl is a very common and popular throughout the region due to its beautiful
appearance so as its popularity and so Indian peafowl has ensured its protection through
most of its native ranges. Having an importance as National Bird this species is well
conserved throughout the region. The Indian peafowl is prominent in the Indian
mythology and folklore of the Indian people. The majority of the people inhibiting are
belongs to Hindu religion in which the bird is considered sacred because of its association
with Lord Krishna as their identical feature of appearance was from Peacock feather
Crown (Mor Mokut). It is also associated with the God Kartikeya, Son of the Lord Shiva
and Parvati and brother of Lord Ganesh who was having Indian Peafowl as his own
vehicle (Vahan).
Present survey of the peafowl in the buffer zone of the project site cleared that; peafowl
is using both, village adjacent habitats, agricultural habitats, scrub-forest habitats of the
buffer zone as well as the study area. However, the following points can give an insight
on the overall status of peafowl in the study area and thereby plan for better
management strategies related to proposed project activities. People of the surveyed
villages were well aware of the habits and habitats of peafowl in the study area.
Moreover, local people are against to hunting and poaching of the peacocks. In the buffer
zone, peafowl uses agriculture (adjacent to village) and scrubland-forest habitats as a
feeding and breeding ground. Some of the peacocks are taking shelter in the inside of the
village as well as adjacent habitats. It clearly indicated that, peafowl normally uses human
associated and natural habitats. Form above study, it has been visualized that, the
proposed project will not have any significant impact on peacock in terms of their normal
movements and other activities as the species is familiar among the people in the region
and the status of it is increasing eventually. However, it is necessity to take some
management optionslike habitat improvement in the villages located in the vicinity of the
project site. So, habitat improvement programme (plantation of local plant species) will
be undertaken indifferent villages located in the close vicinity of the project area. Under
this programme saplings will be distributed in the nearby villages with the consultation of
the local forest department. This program will provide trees for shelter to the species in
near future which will contribute for effective species conservation.
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Probable Threats to the species
- Habitat loss, due to rapid growth of development in rural as well as agricultural sector
results in the shortage of tall trees in and around the villages which plays essential
role for roosting for the species. They also plays vital role by providing shelter during
hot summer months.
- Shortage of drinking water for the birds during the hot summer days. As there are
very few perennial water resources present in the study area.
- Casualties’ causes by eating chemically treated as well as contaminated agricultural
crop seeds.
- Illegal hunting by some communities In the study area, all the villages surveyed are
against hunting or poaching of the people and not found any such activity promoted
in this region.
- Peacock conservation plan has to address above listed threats.
Conservation Measures
Direct and indirect approach is required to provide effective conservation, which is
recommended as under:
1. Increasing the tree cover in the study area which will provide shelter and roosting to
the peacocks. This can be achieved by planting of trees (a group of trees that grow
close together, generally without many bushes or other plants) in buffer area. By
encouraging people for plantation of some local species such as Neem, Shirish,
Khakhro, Haldu, Amli, Banyan, Peepal and Peeper or other Ficus sp.Vacant places such
as edges of agricultural fields, village Gauchar, Panchayat’s common land,
neighbourhood of people inhibiting, road side avenue tree plantation, open scrubs,
ravines, school compounds can be selected for practicing the plantation activity.
2. Awareness programmes (community and school level) for conservation of peacocks in
the study area and also through organizing competitions during “Wildlife Week”
celebrations by active involvement of local community.
3. Some provision of rewards to informers for the control of poaching and illegal trade
in wildlife.
4. Carrying out census and research projects to know the potential threats and
population status of the species in collaboration of local schools, colleges, panchayats
and forest department.
5. Suggest strategies to minimize negative impacts of changing environment in nearby
area of peacock populations and to promote conservation of peacock habitats.
6. Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society dedicated
to ecological ethics. All the conservation measures will be implemented with the help
of and in the consultation of the district forest department.
7. With the objective of effectively protecting the wild life and to control poaching,
smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives, the Government of India
enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972. The Act was amended in January 2003 and
punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more stringent.
The proponent has proposed a sum of Rs. 202500/-for the “Peacock” conservation plan
under the following heads:
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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S. No Work or Activity Approximate Cost. Rs.
1 Plantation-350 tree plants ( 5
feet heightas per the plant
species-Cost of sapling will be
changed per year)
52,500/-(@ 150/-per plant)
2 Small water tank or tanka –20 in
number @ 5000/-per tank
1,00,000/-
3 One awareness programme for
“Peacock” conservation
20,000/-
4 3 cash prizes @ 10000 in a year
will be awarded to the informer
of poachers.
30,000/-
TOTAL 202500/-
Indian Flapshell Turtle (Lissemys punctata)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Suborder: Cryptodira
Family: Trionychidae
Genus: Lissemys
Species: L. punctata
Binomial name
Lissemys punctata
General Description of the species
The carapace of L. punctata viewed from above is broadly oval in adults, but more
circular in young, widest just anterior to hind limbs. The width of the disc is 77-86% of its
length, the carapace is moderately arched, shell height is 35.0-40.5% of carapace length,
the margin of the carapace is smooth and slightly flared posteriorly, the marginal bones
are not united with the pleurals, the plastron is large but mostly cartilaginous, and its
length is 88-97% of the carapace length. A pair of large flaps can be closed over the hind
limbs and a smaller flap over tail; seven plastral callosities are present, and the head is
large, its width is 21-25% of the carapace width. The proboscis is short and stout; the
nasal septum has no lateral ridge, the edges of the jaws are smooth, the alveolar surfaces
are expanded and granular. The claws are large and heavy; the penis is thick and oval,
with deep dorsal cleft and four pointed, soft papillae; the tail is very short in both sexes.
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The carapace length of L. punctata has been known to range from 240 to 370 mm (9.4 to
14.6 in).
L. punctata lives in the shallow, quiet, often stagnant waters of rivers, streams, marshes,
ponds, lakes and irrigation canals, and tanks. Waters with sand or mud bottoms are
preferred because of the turtle's tendency to burrow. L. punctata turtle plays an
important role to reduce pollution in aquatic ecosystems by feeding on snails, insects,
and fragments of dead animalsL. punctata is very well adapted, both morphologically and
behaviorally, to drought conditions. The turtle uses mainly burrowing and moving from
water hole to water hole to avoid desiccation. The femoral flaps that cover the retracted
legs help the turtle survive dry conditions. During a time of drought, the turtles enter a
time of estivation in an attempt to survive the dry conditions. Although many turtles die
during drought conditions, some turtles have been reported to survive up to 160 days.
Food Habits
The Indian flapshell turtle is known to be omnivorous. Its diet consists of frogs, fishes,
shrimp, snails, aquatic vegetation, plant leaves, flowers, fruits, grasses, and seeds.
Reproduction
Courtship routines
L. punctatabecomes reproductively active at age 2 or 3. Courtship and mating behavior is
unique. Courtship begins when the male begins stroking the female's carapace with his
neck and limbs extended. When receptive, the female faces the male with her neck
extended and they begin bobbing their heads vertically three or four times. This behavior
is repeated, then mating begins when the female settles to the bottom and is mounted
by the male. Near the end of mating, the male releases his grip and rotates to face the
opposite direction from her. They remain attached in this position for as long as 15
minutes. During this time, the female may drag the male about. The pair then separates
and copulation ends.
Nesting
Nesting times of L. punctata occur during many periods in the year depending on habitat
and location. Generally starts during the late summer to the monsoon season which is
around June to November. Swampy areas with soil and exposure to sunlight are common
nesting sites. Eggs are usually laid two or three times per year in clutches of two to 16.
These eggs are buried in soil for protection.
Probable Threats to the species
- The shell of L. punctata is believed to be of medicinal value in both China and
India. The shell is burnt and ground with oil to produce a medicine in China used
to treat certain types of skin diseases. In India, the shell is used to make a remedy
believed to be a medicine for tuberculosis.
- In Bangladesh and India, this is especially evident as the Indian flapshell turtle is
larger and has more meat than other turtles in the area. The value of this meat
along with the efforts in the conservation of this species has driven the price of
meat higher and has led to an increase in the illegal international exploitation and
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killing of these animals. But in present study area there are no any such evidences
observed not people practice such killings for food purpose.
- Changes to the turtle's natural habitat by the construction of dams and barrages,
cultivation along river banks, and pollution are also major threats to the survival
of this turtle
Conservation Measures
Direct and indirect approach is required to provide effective conservation, which is
recommended as under:
1. Awareness programmes (community and school level) for conservation of Reptiles
such as Turtles in the study area and also through organizing Presentations,
competitions during “Wildlife Week” celebrations by active involvement of local
community.
2. Some provision of rewards to informers for the control of poaching and illegal
trade in wildlife.
3. Carrying out census and research projects to know the potential threats and
population status of the species in collaboration of local schools, colleges,
panchayats and forest department.
4. Provision of veterinary care and Rescue for the species when it comes with direct
encounter to community inhibiting nearby.
5. Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society
dedicated to ecological ethics. All the conservation measures will be implemented
with the help of and in the consultation of the district forest department.
With the objective of effectively protecting the wild life and to control poaching, smuggling
and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives, the Government of India enacted Wild Life
(Protection) Act 1972. The Act was amended in January 2003 and punishment and penalty for
offences under the Act have been made more stringent.
The proponent has proposed a sum of Rs. 50,000/-for the conservation plan under the
following heads
S. No Work or Activity Approximate Cost. Rs.
1 One awareness programme for
conservation
20,000/-
2 3 cash prizes @ 10000 in a year
will be awarded to the informer
of poachers.
30,000/-
TOTAL 50,000/-
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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3.12 SOCIO - ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
An assessment of socio - economic environment forms an integral part of an EIA study.
Therefore, baseline information for the same was collected during the study period. The
baseline socio - economic data collected for the study region, before the proposed
expansion project is operational, has been identified for the four major indicators viz.
demography, civic amenities, economy and social culture. The baseline status of the
above indicators is compiled in forthcoming sections.
A socio-economic study was undertaken in assessing aspects which are dealing with
social and cultural conditions, and economic status in the study area. The study provides
information such as demographic structure, population dynamics, infrastructure
resources, and the status of human health and economic attributes like employment,
per-capita income, agriculture, trade, and industrial development in the study area. The
study of these characteristic helps in identification, prediction and evaluation of impacts
on socio-economic and parameters of human interest due to proposed project
developments. The parameters are:
Demographic structure
Infrastructure Facility
Economic Status
Health status
Cultural attributes
Awareness and opinion of people about the project and Industries in the area
3.12.1 DEMOGRAPHY
The population details (i.e. population distribution and population density) of the District
Thiruvallur and the study area within 10 km radius are presented in Table-3.11.
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TABLE – 3.11
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA (1)
Sl. No Name
No of
House
holds
Total
Popula
tion
Person
Total
Populati
on Male
Total
Populati
on
Female
Population in
the age group
0-6 Person
Scheduled
Castes
population
Person
Scheduled
Tribes
population
Person
UTHUKOTTAI
1 Vadathillai 161 598 307 291 52 0 94
2 Mambakkam 495 1911 953 958 192 1019 17
3 Thamaraikuppa
m 281 1017 493 524 157 0 255
4 Senjiagaram 356 1394 651 743 175 377 418
5 Palavakkam 764 3013 1501 1512 324 1214 723
6 Sirunai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 Sengarai 372 1368 670 698 178 427 123
8 Rallapadi 1030 4104 2067 2037 452 1122 158
9 Ellapuram 113 448 219 229 41 320 0
10 Ariapakkam 394 1596 784 812 135 547 34
11 Athupakkam 254 922 458 464 101 0 0
12 Vannankuppam 350 1390 699 691 160 360 0
13 Thoddareddykup
pam 76 242 120 122 17 25 0
14 Kaiyadai 73 306 161 145 39 248 5
15 Kilakarmanur 166 633 309 324 69 463 0
16 Soolaimani 337 1199 591 608 117 332 6
17 Lachivakkam 652 2481 1218 1263 249 646 104
18 Perandur 683 2502 1265 1237 246 987 45
19 Tharatchi 906 3187 1547 1640 316 1119 218
20 Panapakkam 518 1936 968 968 197 838 79
21 Sennankaranai 535 1821 887 934 170 98 21
22 Tholavedu 302 1099 532 567 110 681 3
23 Kakkavakkam 357 1337 668 669 122 764 0
24 Paruthimerikupp
am 106 371 177 194 38 0 0
25 Thumbakkam 155 553 265 288 66 0 0
26 Thandalam 419 1594 781 813 172 322 30
27 Chittraiyampakk
am 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
28 Melmaligaipattu 290 1113 560 553 137 905 0
29 Velagapauram 631 2372 1181 1191 239 1012 17
30 Enambakkam 168 629 300 329 84 0 49
31 Kalpattu 580 2050 1016 1034 237 482 8
32 Palavakkam R.F. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GUMMIDIPOONDI
33 Chedilpakkam 329 1369 671 698 163 724 2
34 Nemalur 1106 4251 2086 2165 416 1724 476
35 Budur 495 1863 934 929 173 1160 30
36 DharkasthuKandi
gam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
37 Varnasikuppam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
38 Kannankottai 538 2008 987 1021 227 1256 75
39 Siruvada 196 795 393 402 82 524 0
40 Panchalai 417 1505 738 767 161 540 4
41 Vaniamallee 416 1518 755 763 165 672 112
42 Poovalambedu 268 1056 547 509 110 692 0
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43 Periapuliyur 195 683 345 338 50 405 0
44 Kollanur 164 525 262 263 52 0 0
45 Thervoy 792 3122 1558 1564 359 2433 4
46 Karadipudur 500 1926 963 963 220 718 28
47 Madhavaram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
48 Mukkarambakka
m 869 3488 1768 1720 420 1829 341
49 Nelvoy 476 1632 816 816 155 335 0
50 Sepedu 61 231 113 118 23 205 0
51 Madaharpakkam
(CT) 1109 4250 2082 2168 479 359 377
SATYAVEDU
52 ChinnaEetivakam 225 813 413 400 85 300 79
53 Kothamarikuppa
m 694 3230 1316 1914 262 1277 416
54 Narasaraju
Agraharam 259 977 485 492 95 7 59
55 Dalavai
Agraharam 508 2245 1024 1221 214 1164 23
56 Satyavedu 2897 11474 5799 5675 1145 2756 888
57 VenkatarajuKhan
driga 199 766 379 387 95 210 20
58 Madanambedu 1046 4045 1999 2046 407 1248 54
59 Madanamjeri 138 576 294 282 84 254 0
60 Peradam 161 609 278 331 73 63 124
61 Sirunambudur 377 1570 771 799 200 1290 13
62 Kadirvedu 394 1509 764 745 182 861 3
Total 26353 101222 49888 51334 10689 37314 5535
(Source: Census 2011)
Table 3.12
Summary of Socio-economic indicators within the study area
S.No Particulars Study Area Unit
1 Number of villages and Town in the Study Area 62 Nos.
2 Total Households 26353 Nos.
3 Total Population 101222 Nos.
4 Children Population (0-6 Years Old) 10689 Nos.
5 SC Population 37314 Nos.
6 ST Population 5535 Nos.
7 Total Working Population 48417 Nos.
8 Main Workers 39452 Nos.
9 Marginal Workers 8965 Nos.
10 Cultivators 4615 Nos.
11 Agricultural Labourers 28367 Nos.
12 Household Industries 1602 Nos.
13 Other Workers 13317 Nos.
14 Literates population 62496 Nos.
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TABLE - 3.13
POPULATION DENSITY
S.No Social Indicators Thiruvallur District
1 Decadal variation % 35.30
2 Urban population % 65.14
3 Sex ratio 987
4 0-6 age group % 10.88
5 Population density (Persons per square Km ) 1098
6 Scheduled caste population % 22.03
7 Scheduled tribe population % 1.26
8 Literacy rate % 84.03
9 Work Participation rate % 41.26
10 Main Workers % 81.14
11 Marginal Workers % 18.86
12 Cultivators % 4.78
13 Agricultural labourers % 17.59
14 Workers in household industries % 3.79
15 Other workers % 73.84
(Courtesy: Census Dept., GOI)
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3.12.2 EDUCATION FACILITIES
The district has recorded higher literacy rate (84%) as compared with the State literacy
rate of 80.1%.Thiruvallur stands at the sixth place in the case of percentage of literacy.
The Literacy rate of the district is 84% in 2011 which is increased from 76.9% in 2001,
against to the literacy rate of the state as 80.1%. The literacy of females stood at 78.3%
as compared to 89.7% for males. The female literacy rate is considerably increased in the
district from 68.4% in 2001 to 78.3% in 2011. It is interesting to note that urban literacy
of Thiruvallur district (85%) and the literacy of Chennai district (85.3%) is apparently
equal. The table below shows that rural literacy rate of 2011 among males and females
got considerably increased from 2001.
TABLE - 3.14
EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURES IN THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT
(Courtesy: Census Dept., GOI)
Type of school Total schools Rural Schools
Government Private Government Private
Primary 941 487 815 252
Primary + Upper Primary 289 60 225 35
P + UP+ Secondary + Higher Secondary 33 192 12 55
UP only 2 1 2 0
UP + Secondary + Higher Secondary 100 36 69 13
P + UP + Secondary 22 126 11 53
UP + Secondary 147 18 117 7
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3.12.3 EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE WITHIN STUDY AREA
The district has good primary and secondary education infrastructure in urban and
rural areas. The people around the study area have well connected to educational
infrastructures
TABLE - 3.15
LITERACY RATE
Sl. No Name
Total
Populati
on
Person
Literates
Populati
on
Person
Literates
Population
Male
Literates
Population
Female
Illiterate
Persons
Illiterate
Male
Illiterate
Female
UTHUKOTTAI
1 Vadathillai 598 299 184 115 299 123 176
2 Mambakkam 1911 1194 690 504 717 263 454
3 Thamaraikuppam 1017 388 214 174 629 279 350
4 Senjiagaram 1394 741 400 341 653 251 402
5 Palavakkam 3013 1958 1065 893 1055 436 619
6 Sirunai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 Sengarai 1368 811 438 373 557 232 325
8 Rallapadi 4104 2854 1585 1269 1250 482 768
9 Ellapuram 448 299 160 139 149 59 90
10 Ariapakkam 1596 1055 579 476 541 205 336
11 Athupakkam 922 556 338 218 366 120 246
12 Vannankuppam 1390 843 490 353 547 209 338
13 Thoddareddykuppam 242 159 91 68 83 29 54
14 Kaiyadai 306 167 98 69 139 63 76
15 Kilakarmanur 633 399 213 186 234 96 138
16 Soolaimani 1199 822 458 364 377 133 244
17 Lachivakkam 2481 1433 796 637 1048 422 626
18 Perandur 2502 1562 886 676 940 379 561
19 Tharatchi 3187 1840 1016 824 1347 531 816
20 Panapakkam 1936 909 517 392 1027 451 576
21 Sennankaranai 1821 1038 599 439 783 288 495
22 Tholavedu 1099 706 387 319 393 145 248
23 Kakkavakkam 1337 954 519 435 383 149 234
24 Paruthimerikuppam 371 233 125 108 138 52 86
25 Thumbakkam 553 366 207 159 187 58 129
26 Thandalam 1594 1210 632 578 384 149 235
27 Chittraiyampakkam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
28 Melmaligaipattu 1113 660 368 292 453 192 261
29 Velagapauram 2372 1359 773 586 1013 408 605
30 Enambakkam 629 376 222 154 253 78 175
31 Kalpattu 2050 1113 657 456 937 359 578
32 Palavakkam R.F. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GUMMIDIPOONDI
33 Chedilpakkam 1369 739 412 327 630 259 371
34 Nemalur 4251 2568 1393 1175 1683 693 990
35 Budur 1863 1048 595 453 815 339 476
36 DharkasthuKandigam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
37 Varnasikuppam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
38 Kannankottai 2008 1179 630 549 829 357 472
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39 Siruvada 795 520 284 236 275 109 166
40 Panchalai 1505 784 441 343 721 297 424
41 Vaniamallee 1518 710 409 301 808 346 462
42 Poovalambedu 1056 688 412 276 368 135 233
43 Periapuliyur 683 427 241 186 256 104 152
44 Kollanur 525 369 203 166 156 59 97
45 Thervoy 3122 1906 1060 846 1216 498 718
46 Karadipudur 1926 1100 649 451 826 314 512
47 Madhavaram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
48 Mukkarambakkam 3488 2084 1169 915 1404 599 805
49 Nelvoy 1632 1028 599 429 604 217 387
50 Sepedu 231 101 52 49 130 61 69
51 Madaharpakkam (CT) 4250 2776 1481 1295 1474 601 873
SATYAVEDU
52 ChinnaEetivakam 813 472 285 187 341 128 213
53 Kothamarikuppam 3230 2159 864 1295 1071 452 619
54 Narasaraju
Agraharam 977 613 349 264 364 136 228
55 Dalavai Agraharam 2245 1600 790 810 645 234 411
56 Satyavedu 11474 8040 4455 3585 3434 1344 2090
57 VenkatarajuKhandrig
a 766 485 272 213 281 107 174
58 Madanambedu 4045 2534 1436 1098 1511 563 948
59 Madanamjeri 576 291 155 136 285 139 146
60 Peradam 609 266 134 132 343 144 199
61 Sirunambudur 1570 903 506 397 667 265 402
62 Kadirvedu 1509 802 447 355 707 317 390
Total 101222 62496 34430 28066 38726 15458 23268
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3.12.4 HEALTH FACILITIES
Primary Health Centers (PHCs) and Health Sub-centers (HSCs) are providing the
preventive, curative and rehabilitative health care services to the rural people. The
district has good number of public health systems accessible and affordable apart from
the private health facilities. Table 3.16 provides the health facilities data in all villages
falling within the area of interest.
TABLE - 3.16
MEDICAL FACILITIES AVAILABLE IN THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT
Name of
the
District
Type
of
Facilit
y
Facilities As on 05th November 2019
Total Facility Active Facilities
Total
[(A+B
) or
(C+D)
]
Public
[A]
Privat
e [B]
Urba
n [C]
Rura
l [D]
Tota
l
[(A+
B) or
(C+D
)]
Public
[A]
Privat
e [B]
Urba
n [C]
Rura
l [D]
Thiruvallu
r
SC 303 303 0 0 303 303 303 0 0 303
PHC 58 58 0 11 47 54 54 0 11 43
CHC 16 15 1 1 15 15 14 1 1 14
SDH 12 12 0 10 2 11 11 0 10 1
DH 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
Total 390 389 1 22 368 384 383 1 22 362
Note: SC – Sub Center; PHC – Primary Health Center; CHC – Community Health Center;
SDH – Sub District Hospital; DH – District Hospital.
3.12.4.1 Health facilities within the study area
The majority of people visit nearby Hospitals/health services provided by the
Government. The area has good public health facilities at easily reachable distances..
Even for any minor ailments they contact medical facilities immediately as it is very
accessible. The local transport facilities and the communication facilities are the main
reasons to get immediate medical attention. The emergency medical service facility
“108” is very familiar and being used by the people in this area. The incidents of
institutional delivery are high due to awareness, education, economic development,
proximity to health delivery system. The Infant mortality rate and the maternal mortality
rate have significantly reduced.
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TABLE - 3.17
HEALTH FACILITIES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA
Sl. No Type Study area
1 Community health centre 0
2 Primary health centre 3
3 Primary health sub-centre 24
4 Maternity and Child Welfare Centre 7
5 TB hospital/Clinic 3
6 Hospital Allopathic 0
7 Hospital Alternative Medicine 1
8 Dispensary 3
9 Veterinary hospital 10
10 Mobile health clinic 0
11 Family Welfare Centre 3
12 Non Government Medical facilities Out Patient 4
(Courtesy: Census Dept., GOI)
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CHAPTER - 4
___________________________________________________________________________
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS
Various sources of pollution with respect to wastewater, the flue gas / process emission,
hazardous waste and noise generation along with their qualitative and quantitative analysis
as well as measures taken to control them are discussed herein with details. The network
method was adopted to identify potential impact, which involves understanding of cause-
condition-effect relationship between an activity and environmental parameters.
4.2 PREDICTIONS AND EVALUATION OF IMPACTS
An impact can be defined as any change in physical, chemical, biological, cultural and/or
socioeconomic environment that can be attributed to activities related to alternatives under
study for meeting the project needs. Impact methodology provides an organized approach
for prediction and assessing these impacts.
Scientific techniques and methodologies based on mathematical modeling are available for
studying impacts of various project activities on environmental parameters.
The nature of the impacts due to said project activities are discussed here in detail. Each
parameter identified in the proceeding chapter, is singularly considered for the anticipated
impact due to various activities listed. The impact is quantified using numerical scores 0, 1,
2, 3, 4 and 5 in increasing order of activity. In order to assess the impact accurately, each
parameter is discussed in detail covering the following:
1) Project activities likely to generate impact
2) Quantification and prediction of impact
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TABLE - 4.1
__________________________________________________________________________
CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION STAGE POTENTIAL IMPACTS & MITIGATIVE MEASURES
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPONENTS
SOURCES OF IMPACT MITIGATIVE MEASURE
Water
Environment
During Construction Phase:
Construction activity & abstraction
of water for construction
requirement and sanitation in
housing for workers.
1. Contamination of
watercourses by leakage from
fuel and materials storage
areas.
2. Oil and suspended solids in
run-off from vehicles and
access roads.
3. Use of heavy machineries and
vehicles causes compaction of
topsoil due to which a change
in the surface water drainage
pattern may occur.
Proper management of surface water
runoff shall be made.
Soak pit will provide to dispose of
domestic waste water.
1. SIPCOT/Private Tankers are the
only source of water during the
construction phase.
2. Storehouse will be located away
from the water storage area to
prevent accidental release or
spillage.
3. Proper management of rain water
run-off during monsoon and
creating bunds to utilize the rain
water for construction purpose.
During Operation Phase:
1. Generation of sewage.
2. Generation of industrial
effluent & domestic waste
water
1. Sewage will be treated in mobile
STP.
2. Industrial effluent will be treated
in ETP then treated effluent will
be reused in plant premises.
The sewage generated will be
treated in STP of 50KLD and the
treated sewage will be used for
green belt development.
Air Environment During Construction Phase:
In the construction phase,
activities like site clearance, site
leveling, movements of workers
and material, construction of road,
transportation activities will
generate dust, gaseous pollutants
and particulate matter and affect
the air quality.
Barricading the construction area and
minimizing exposed areas to reduce
dust generation.
Areas generating dust during dry
weather will be sprayed with water.
Appropriate enclosed areas for
storage of construction materials.
Facilitating the workers with required
Personal Protective Equipments.
During Operation Phase:
1. Flue gas emission
1. Provide Adequate stack height to
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2. Process gas emission
control flue gas emission
2. Product gases laden with carbon
black particle from manufacturing
process are filtered at process bag
collector and vapor bag collector
for separation of carbon black
particles from process gases. Off
gases filtered through bag
collectors are utilized as fuel in
steam boiler and dryer combustor.
Fugitive emission Control equipment for fugitive
emissions
Process shall be closed system
Transfer of the material for
proposed plant shall be
through pipeline
Leak detectors shall be installed
near by the source of leakage
Sweeping on roads.
Proper monitoring system shall
be established once the
operation starts.
Bitumen roads are laid inside
the plant premises.
Land Environment During Construction Phase:
The activities carried out during
the construction phase will involve
a change in the land use from
vacant industrial land to a built up
industrial land, which will pose the
following impacts on the land
environment.
1. Compaction of soil and a
change in the soil structure
due to the use of heavy
construction vehicles and
machineries.
2. Removal of soil from the site.
3. Mixing of the topsoil and
subsoil.
4. Dispersion of dust.
1. The removed soil will be properly
stored for subsequent
reinstatement.
2. Reuse of excess excavated
material for road development,
green belt development and
landscaping.
3. A well designed closed depository
for storage of construction
materials to prevent land/soil
pollution.
4. Effective stabilization of altered
landforms to minimize soil
erosion and the potential for
water pollution (e.g.vegetation).
5. Reuse of construction wastes such
as sand, brick, gravel, cement for
developing internal road and
project structures.
During Operation Phase: The various hazardous waste
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Generation of Hazardous Waste &
solid waste from process
generated from the process will be
stored in a separate hazardous waste
storage area and properly disposed as
per the Hazardous and Other Wastes
(Management and Trans boundary
Movement) Amendment Rules, 2016.
The Solid Wastes generated during
construction and operation phases
will be segregated to organic and
inorganic wastes. The organic wastes
will be disposed to Municipal bins and
inorganic waste will sell to TNPCB
authorized vendors.
Noise Environment During Construction Phase:
During construction phase, the
noise will mostly be generated
from building activities and
machineries used for carrying out
construction. Construction
activities mainly involve diesel
generators, laying of foundation,
erection of superstructure, clearing
of obstruction and trees if any
from the proposed area. Activities
such as construction of labour
camps, onsite office, pneumatic
hammers, compressors, concrete
mixers, construction material
plants however does not cause
significant noise pollution but if the
work continues for longer
duration, it can affect the health of
local people and workers involved
in the project work.
1. Selection of equipment’s of high
quality.
2. Transportation activities will be
carried out only during the day
and only in case of emergency,
the transportation activities will
be permitted in night time.
3. The vehicles used for construction
activities and transportation of
materials will be provided with
the horn of low noise level as
recommended by RTO/ concerned
authorities.
4. Minimization of operation time of
noisy equipment and operation of
machineries/equipment that
generate high levels of noise only
during day time.
5. Inadequate use of plant and
equipment, namely, running on
full power when the work does
not necessitate it will be avoided.
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6. Personal Protective Equipment’s,
education and public awareness
and exposure control through
rotation of work will be provided
to the workers engaged in
construction activities in the area
generating high levels of noise.
7. Development of green belt during
construction stage itself.
During Operation Phase:
Project operation
Oiling and lubrication, Earplugs and
Earmuffs will be provided
Infrastructure &
Services
Project Development shall be gradual
Environmental
Hazards
Handling and storage of chemicals
& fuels
On site & Off-site Disaster
management plan & Safe practices.
4.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT
The dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere is a function of several meteorological
parameters viz. temperature, wind speed and direction, mixing depths, inversion level, etc.
A number of models have been developed for the prediction of pollutant concentration at
any point from an emitting source. The Industrial Source Complex – Short Term (ISCST3)
dispersion model is a steady-state Gaussian plume model. It is most widely accepted for its
interpretability. It gives reasonably correct values because this obeys the equation of
continuity and it also takes care of diffusion, which is a random process. For the present
study, this model is used for the prediction of maximum ground level concentration (GLC).
The proposed air emissions at M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. are SPM, SO2, Nox etc. The site specific
and monitored details considered for input data for the software “ISC-AERMOD View” by
Lakes Environmental, Canada for prediction of impact on air environment are given in Table
4.2. In order to conduct a refined air dispersion modeling using ISCST3 and ISC-PRIME short-
term air quality dispersion models, the site specific hourly meteorological data measured at
site is pre-processed using the U.S. EPA PCRAMMET and U.S. EPA AERMET programs. Before
starting air dispersion modeling with ISC-AERMOD View, a building downwash analysis using
BPIP View was done. BPIP View is a graphical user interface designed to speed up the work
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involved in setting up input data for the U.S. EPA Building Profile Input Program (BPIP) and
Building Profile Input Program – Plume Rise Model Enhancements (BPIP-PRIME).
The air pollution caused by the gaseous emissions from a single or small group of stacks is a
local phenomenon. Its impacts will occur at a distance ranging from within the immediate
vicinity of the stack to several kilometers away from the stack. Maximum ground level
concentration will occur within this range. All plumes at more downwind distances from the
source by stack emission become so diluted by diffusion in the ambient atmosphere, that
concentrations of pollutants become negligible. The maximum ground level concentration
for different parameters is given in Table 4.3. Equal concentration contour plots for SPM,
SO2, NOx etc. are given in Figure 4.1. Adequate measures shall be taken to minimize air
pollution by providing air pollution control equipment. Flue gases are discharged from
stacks at adequate height (as per CPCB norms).
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TABLE – 4.2
DETAILS OF EMISSION FROM STACK & VENTS
Details of Flue Gas Stacks
S
No Source Capacity
Fuel
used
Stack Details Emission (g/s)
No of
Stack
Height
(m) AGL
Dia
(m)
Exit
Temp
(°C)
Ext
Velocity
(m/s)
SPM SO2 NOX
1 DG 1300 KVA
HSD 1 30 0.3 220 10 0.016 0.015 0.226
1200 KVA 1 30 0.3 220 10 0.015 0.014 0.209
2 Boiler
1x 54 TPH Waste
gas
based
1 90 2.5 205 15.58 4.37 42.66 2.67
1 x 54 TPH 1 90 2.5 205 15.58 4.37 42.66 2.67
1 x 54 TPH 1 90 2.5 205 15.58 4.37 42.66 2.67
3
Process
Stack
(Vapor Bag
Collector)
10190
Nm3/hr
Water
Vapor &
Flue gas
1 60 0.7 205 10.74 0.354 0.475 0.020
10190
Nm3/hr 1 60 0.7 205 10.74
0.354 0.475 0.020
10190
Nm3/hr 1 60 0.7 205 10.74
0.354 0.475 0.020
16317
Nm3/hr 1 60 0.9 205 10.40
0.567 0.825 0.032
10190
Nm3/hr 1 60 0.7 205 10.74
0.354 0.475 0.020
10190
Nm3/hr 1 60 0.7 205 10.74
0.354 0.475 0.020
4
Process
Stack
(Dryer
Collector)
29694
Nm3/hr
Flue gas
1 60 1.2 300 12.76 0.687 4.274 0.421
29694
Nm3/hr 1 60 1.2 300 12.76
0.687 4.274 0.421
29694
Nm3/hr 1 60 1.2 300 12.76
0.687 4.274 0.421
48899
Nm3/hr 1 60 1.5 300 13.45
1.132 7.429 0.693
29694
Nm3/hr 1 60 1.2 300 12.76
0.687 4.274 0.421
29694
Nm3/hr 1 60 1.2 300 12.76
0.687 4.274 0.421
5
Process
Stack
(Dedusting
& Rerun
bag
Collector)
13200
Nm3/hr Air 12 20 0.5 90 11.29 0.25 - -
S
No.
Type of
Vehicle No. of. Vehicle(Based on maximum operation capacity) PM10 SO2 NOX
1 Bike 50 2.8E-06 2.8E-
07
1.1E-
02
2 Car/Bus 25 3.5E-04 1.4E-
07
3.5E-
03
3
Raw
Material
(HSD/LDO)
2 1.1E-05 5.6E-
09
1.9E-
03
4 Raw
Material 45 2.5E-04
1.3E-
07
4.4E-
02
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Truck
(Carbon
Black Feed
Stock /
Dehydrate
d Coal Tar
/ Raw Coal
Tar/
Carbon
Black
Oil/Anthra
cite Oil)
5
Product
Truck
(Carbon
Black)
45 2.5E-04 1.3E-
07
4.4E-
02
Total(g/s) 4.630 160.0
07
11.46
5
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FIGURE - 4.1
ISOPLETHS OF PM
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FIGURE - 4.1 (CONT.)
ISOPLETHS OF SO2
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FIGURE - 4.1 (CONT.)
ISOPLETHS OF NOx
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TABLE - 4.3
SUMMARY OF ISCST3 MODEL OUTPUT
SR.
NO.
LOCATIONS X, Y
CO-ORDINATES
CONCENTRATION
PM
(g/m3)
SO2
(g/m3)
NOx
(g/m3)
1. Project-site (A1) (0,0) 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
2. Village:
Sathyavedu (A2)
( -7604,2188) 0.03851 0.25083 0.02457
3. Village:
Madanamjeri (A3)
(-1042, 4167)
0.07751 0.48675 0.04871
4. Village:
Uthukkottai (A4)
(-3438, -9375)
0.06476 0.43078 0.04111
5. Village: Nelvoy
(A5)
(3333,-5625)
0.05039 0.30785 0.03191
6. Village:
Lachivakkam (A6)
(-5104,-1979)
0.03759 0.22901 0.02388
7. Village: Siruvada
(A7)
(3958,1354) 0.43999 2.65795 0.27433
8. Village: Thervoy
(A8)
(1354,1563) 0.54876 3.37372 0.34073
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4.3.1 Conclusion
Maximum pollutant concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NOx observed due to proposed
project for an 24hr-average period have been studied. The predictions were made using
CPCB permissible limit as these concentrations will in no case be exceeded. Ground level
concentrations calculated for proposed activities are superimposed on existing ambient air
quality monitoring results and combined values (Table 4.4) are found within permissible
National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
TABLE - 4.4
PREDICTED AMBIENT AIR QUALITY Unit: g/m3
SR.
NO.
SAMPLING LOCATION SPM SO2 NOx
AVERAGE
1. Project-site (A1) 83.78000 6.55000 13.42000
2. Village: Sathyavedu
(A2) 99.27851 7.64083 15.47457
3. Village: Madanamjeri
(A3) 91.75751 7.13675 14.78871
4. Village: Uthukkottai
(A4) 92.12476 7.53078 16.74111
5. Village: Nelvoy (A5) 83.61039 6.91785 13.89191
6. Village: Lachivakkam
(A6) 87.03759 6.80901 14.87388
7. Village: Siruvada (A7) 98.01999 10.76795 17.72433
8. Village: Thervoy (A8) 95.30876 10.24372 15.91073
NAAQS 500 80 80
4.3.2 Mitigation Measures
Vehicles will be regularly maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations to maximize fuel efficiency and help minimize emissions and also will
use fuel that has low sulphur content of 0.1%.
A strict Project speed limit of 30 km /hr will be enforced for vehicles moving within the
project boundary.
Water spraying on the roads and adjacent area at regular intervals.
Ambient air quality monitoring will be carried out regularly at selected locations in the
predicted maximum impact zone in order to check and compare the predicted
concentrations with the measured concentrations.
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Greenbelt of adequate width will be developed along the boundary of project area
(wherever possible) to minimize the likely impacts due to air pollution.
Boiler stacks are connected with online monitoring system with connecting to SPCB
/CPCB.
4.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
The impacts of the proposed project on the noise levels of the surrounding areas were
assessed. All equipments in the plant is designed/operated to have a noise level not
exceeding 85 dBA as per the requirement of Occupational Health and Safety Administration
Standard (OHSAS). In addition, since most of the noise generating equipment would be in
closed structures, the noise transmitted outside would be lower.
4.4.1 Impacts
Major sources of noise generation in the unit during operational phase are classified into
two categories:
Stationary sources due to operation of heavy duty machinery at the project site like
Boilers, Compressors, DG sets, Pumps etc.
Mobile sources corresponding to mainly vehicular traffic for staff mobilization,
materials, material transportation, liquid fuel transportation to project site, etc.
The impact of vibrations beyond the site would be negligible during normal operation
phase. However, the impacts on workers engaged in the plant area would be considerable
due to occupational exposure. The fixed major equipment/units such as boiler house,
compressors, pumps, DG sets etc., also generate vibrations during operational phase and
may cause exposures to the workers/operators engaged at these units.
4.4.2 Mitigation Measures
The major noise generating equipment like Compressors, DG sets, Boiler Feed water
pumps etc. will be enclosed in an acoustic enclosure designed for an insertion loss of
25 dB (A) and silencers to other equipment etc.
Major noise generating equipment will be designed with 85 dB (A) ensuring
cumulative noise at 1.0 m remains at 85 dB (A).
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The occupational noise exposure to the workers in the form of eight hourly times
weighted average will be maintained well within the prescribed Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA) standard limits.
Acoustic silencers will be provided in equipment wherever necessary.
Acoustic design with sound proof glass panelling will be provided for critical operator
cabins / control rooms of individual modules as well as central control facilities.
Use of personal protective equipments/devices such as ear-muffs, ear plugs etc. will
be strictly enforced for the workers engaged in high noise areas.
33.47% greenbelt will be developed along the periphery and at various locations
within the industry.
Ambient noise levels will be monitored at regular intervals during operational phase
of the project. Workplace monitoring will also be carried out at regular intervals to
ensure that noise levels are well within the standards prescribed by the Factories
Act.
4.5 WATER ENVIRONMENT
Construction Phase: Water requirement will be 50 KLD from Private tanker/SIPCOT.
Operation Phase: The total water requirement for proposed manufacturing unit is 3583
KLD. Fresh water requirement is 2785 KLD (In ToR application- 3731 KLD) will be sourced
from SIPCOT and total recycle water will be 814 KLD.
4.5.1 Impact due to Waste Water Generation
The source of wastewater generation from the project is as follows:
Industrial effluent
cooling water blow down
Sewage
Equipment cleaning and floor washings, etc.
The untreated wastewater if discharged into nearby surface water may affect the surface
water and/or if disposed off on land without treatment may pollute the ground and surface
water.
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4.5.2 Mitigation Measures
Various mitigation measures are proposed to minimize the impact on the water
environment due to the wastewater/runoff generation during the operation phase of the
project.
Treatment of sewage and effluent to ensure Zero Liquid Discharge and reusing
treated effluent for utilities and treated sewage for gren belt development.
Institutional arrangement for monitoring of treated sewageand treated effluent
quality.
4.5.3 Sewage Treatment
The domestic Sewage generate of approximately 42 KLD will be treated in BA model of
Daiki Sewage Treatment Plant with capacity of 50 KLD. The characteristics of raw and
treated sewage water are given in Table 4-5.
Table 4-5 Characteristics of raw and treated sewage water
S. No. Parameter STP Inlet STP Outlet
1 pH 6.5-7.5 5.5-9.0
2 BOD 250-300 mg/L <20 mg/L
3 COD 680-750 mg/L <100 mg/L
4 TDS 750-900 mg/L <30 mg/L
Process Description of STP
The schematic diagram of process flow in STP is given in Figure 4-2.
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Figure 4-2 Process Flow Diagrams of STP
4.5.4 Effluent Treatment
Process Effluent: Effluent generation will be treated through ETP (180 KLD) followed by Oil
skimmer, clarifier and Filter. Treated effluent will send to secondary treatment followed by
UF, RO and MEE / ATFD. Permeate will be reused within the system.
Utility Effluent: Effluent will send to secondary treatment followed by UF, RO and MEE /
ATFD. RO Permeate will be send to WTP for reused within the system. Salt from MEE/ATFD
will be disposed through TSDF. Thus Zero liquid discharge will be accomplished.
The characteristics of raw and treated effluent are given in Table 4-6. The schematic
diagram of process flow in STP is given in Figure 4-3.
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Table 4-6 Characteristics of raw and treated Effluent water
S.No. Parameter Unit ETP Inlet ETP Outlet UF Outlet RO Outlet
1 pH -- 6.0 – 9.0 7.0 – 9.0 7.0 – 9.0 7.0 – 9.0
2 COD Mg/l 400 - 500 < 100 < 50 < 30
3 BOD Mg/l 10 - 20 < 10 -- --
4 TDS Mg/l 1000-1500 1200-1800 3500-4000 500
5 TSS Mg/l 800 -1000 30 < 2 Nil
6 O&G Mg/l 50 -100 < 20 Nil Nil
Treated Effluent from Secondary treatment RO will be sent to WTP followed by RO and EDI
Unit. RO and EDI permeate will be reused within the system. The characteristics of inlet and
outlet from WTP are given in Table 4-7.
Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-7 Characteristics of inlet and outlet
from water treatment plant
S.No. Parameter Units UF Inlet UF Outlet RO Outlet EDI Outlet
1 pH 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-8.5 7.0 – 9.0 7.0 – 9.0
2 TDS Mg/l 800 -900 1000-1200 < 1 < 1
3 BOD Mg/l 5 < 5 - -
4 COD Mg/l 20 < 20 < 5 <5
5 TSS Mg/l 25 < 2 Nil Nil
Figure: 4.3 Flow Diagram of ETP:
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4.6 HAZARDOUS WASTE DETAILS
The source of waste are metal pieces, cardboards, wooden scrap, sand, gravels etc.,
generation of chemical waste by general site practices (e.g. vehicle and plant
maintenance/servicing), municipal waste generated by site workers.
4.6.1 Mitigation measures
1. Recycling/reusing/recovering materials where possible and thereby reducing the
disposal requirements.
2. Separation of construction material for reuse- either to be used on onsite filling or
can be used as public fill.
3. Training the staff in waste minimizing practices.
4. Chemical waste should be stored in separate area having impermeable lining, so as
to avoid leaching of harmful chemicals in the soil or nearby water bodies (If any).
4.6.2 Solid waste management
Impacts
During operation phase the type of solid wastes generated can be broadly categorized as
Hazardous Waste and Municipal Solid Waste. Further, the generated Municipal Solid Waste
generation includes biodegradable, recyclable and inert compounds. If the solid waste
generated is not properly managed and disposed in unauthorised manner, it will impact on
soil quality; groundwater and air quality.
Solid waste Management
Strict guidelines will be put in place in order to manage the solid waste generation during
the operational phase of the development. The main goals of the guidelines will be to
ensure adopting recycling techniques and encouraging sorting of solid waste at source into
organic and inorganic wastes.
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Solid Waste Management Concept
4.6.3 Hazardous waste Management
Used or Spent Oil @ 6.0 MT/Annum which shall be Collected, Stored, Transported &
Disposed by sale to TNPCB authorized Recyclers or reuse in process.
Discarded Drums & containers @ 12 MT/Annum & Discarded liners, waste Paper bags,
waste plastic bags& cardboards @ 6 MTPM which shall be Collected, Stored,
decontaminated, recycled/Reused & transported back to the supplier for reuse or sold to
TNPCB authorized vendor.
ETP Sludge, WTP Sludge & MEE Sludge @ 3350 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored &
Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Used filter cloth @ 2 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored, Transported & Disposed by
sale to TNPCB authorized Recyclers.
Used Oily cotton waste/weather hand gloves/cotton hand gloves@ 2 MT/Annum shall
be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Discarded filter medium (bag filter) @ 12 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored &
Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Ceramic wool/waste insulation material @ 12 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored &
Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Spent Ion exchange Resins @ 1 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported &
Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
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Oily Sludge Emulsion @ 15 MT /Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported &
Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Used Batteries @ 0.1MT/annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to
authorized TSDF for land filling.
Spent Acid Batteries @ 0.024 MT/annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported &
Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
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4.6.4 Discharges on land impact
The sewage generated will be treated in STP of 50KLD and the treated sewage will be used
for green belt development. Solid waste will be disposed through authorized vendors.
Hence there will be no discharge on land premises.
Mitigation measures
1. Periodic maintenance and check of wastewater conveyance pipelines
2. Attempt to restore by replacing a part or putting together the torn or broken parts of
the conveyance pipeline in case of any leakage is detected.
3. Necessary preventive measures for spillage from pipelines, such as surface RCC channels
along the pipelines are adopted.
4. Lining of effluent collection tank/ETP common guard pond.
5. Treated wastewater quality will be ensured as per standards before using it for various
requirements.
6. There will be institutional arrangement to check the efficiency of Zero Liquid Discharge.
4.6.5 Soil Contamination
Impacts
Soil contamination takes place due to movement of vehicles and solid waste generated.
Soil – mitigation measures
Good housekeeping and best practices of waste handling shall be adopted to
eliminate/minimize the risks of soil contamination. Hazardous waste generated due to the
proposed activity is sludge from waste-water treatment plant and wastes like oil and grease
from machinery which will be disposed off after proper treatment as per hazardous waste
(management and handling) Amendment rule 2000. The wastes generated will be stored in
temporary storage facility and will be sending to TNPCB Authorized vendor for safe disposal.
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4.7 Impact of Traffic and Transportation
Project site is located near to the SIPCOT road connected to SH- 51 (Korthalaiyar Bridge –
Palavakkam –Puthur Road). The Google image of road connectivity for the project site is
given in Figure 4-5. The vehicular movement for the proposed project is given in Table 4-8.
Figure 4-4 Google image of road connectivity to the project site
Table 4-8 Existing & Proposed Vehicular movement per hour (SH- 51 (Korthalaiyar
Bridge –Palavakkam –Puthur Road))
S.
No
Type of
Vehicle
Existin
g
vehicle
s
Existi
ng
PCU
Propos
ed
vehicle
s
Propos
ed PCU
Total
vehicles
after
project
implemen
tation
PCU
Factors
IRC (SP
41)
Total
PCU
after
project
impleme
ntation
1.
Motor Cycles
or Scooters
etc.
156 117.0 56 42.0 212 0.75 159.0
2.
Three
Wheelers/
Auto
Rickshaw
36 72.0 0 0 36 2.0 72.0
3.
Four
Wheelers/
Cars
97 97.0 27 27.0 124 1.0 124.0
4. Truck/Bus 74 273.8 21 77.7 95 3.7 351.5
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S.
No
Type of
Vehicle
Existin
g
vehicle
s
Existi
ng
PCU
Propos
ed
vehicle
s
Propos
ed PCU
Total
vehicles
after
project
implemen
tation
PCU
Factors
IRC (SP
41)
Total
PCU
after
project
impleme
ntation
5. Agricultural
Tractor 16 64.0 0 0 16 4.0 64.0
6.
Light
Commercial
Vehicle
14 19.6 4 5.6 18 1.4 25.2
Total 393 643.4 108 152.3 501 -- 795.7
Based on the traffic for the proposed project, the expected LOS due to the project is given in
Table 4-9.
Table 4-9 Traffic Volume after Implementation of the Project
For the Road Volume
of Traffic
Volume
(V)
Capacity
(C)
V/C
Ratio
LOS
Category*
Traffic
Classification
Existing 393 643.4 1500 0.43 “B” Stable Traffic
Flow
After
implementation 501 795.7 1500 0.53 “B”
Stable Traffic
Flow
*LOS categories are A-Free Flow, B- Reasonably Free Flow, C-Stable Flow, D-Approaching
unstable flow, E- Unstable flow, F- Forced or breakdown flow.
Due to proposed project there will be slight increment in the vehicle movement but the
level of service (LOS) anticipated will be free flow.
4.8 Ecology
Air emissions, liquid effluent disposal and solid waste generation are likely to have some
impact on terrestrial ecosystem. However, there will be no net increase in air pollution.
Plant will maintain a ZLD system and the solid wastes will be collected and disposed off
properly. Hence, negligible impact on ecology is expected.
Proposed plot will have greenbelt of 81315.00Sq.m (33.47 %) of total land area
(242892.53Sq.m). Greenbelt will be developed along the periphery and at various locations
within the industry thereby negating impacts of noise and gaseous emissions.
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4.9 Socio-Economic Environment
Various modes of indirect employment i.e. increased business opportunities will reflect in
the improved quality of life of the people in the study area.
Thus, it can be said that the proposed project will have significant beneficial impact on the
socio economic scenario in the study area.
4.10 MATRIX REPRESENTATION
The parameters discussed are presented in the form of a matrix in Table 4.10. The impact
matrix relating the parameters to the activities during operation phase and construction
phase is presented in Table 4.1. The quantification of impact is done using numerical scores
0 to 5 as per the following criteria.
Score Severity criteria
0 No impact
1 No damage
2 Slight/ Short-term effect
3 Occasional reversible effect
4 Irreversible/ Long-term effect
5 Permanent damage
The scores for various parameters and activities are presented in Table 4.11.
4.10.1 CUMULATIVE IMPACT CHART
The total negative impact of various activities on any one parameter is represented as a
cumulative score and the cumulative scores of various parameters are given in the form of a
cumulative impact chart presented in Table 4.12. Any particular parameter having an
individual score greater than 5 or cumulative score of 20 implies serious effects due to the
project and calls for suitable mitigation measures. It is evident from the matrices that the
resultant impact is beneficial to the local population and due to export (and import
substitution) the resultant impact is beneficial to our country.
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TABLE - 4.10
___________________________________________________________________________
IMPACT IDENTIFICATION MATRIX (CONSTRUCTION PHASE)
TABLE - 4.10 (CONTD.)
___________________________________________________________________________
IMPACT IDENTIFICATION MATRIX (OPERATION PHASE)
ACTIVITIES
DURING
CONSTRUCTION
PHASE
Air
Quality
Noise
&
Odour
Water
Quality
Land
Quality
Infra-
structure
Services Environ
-mental
Hazards
Terrestrial
Ecology
Land use
Socio-
Economic
Status
Aquatic
Ecology
Water
Requirement x
Material Storage
/ Transport
Utilities
Effluent
Discharge X
Gaseous
Emissions
Fugitive Emissions X
Solid Waste
Disposal x
Spills & Leaks
Shutdown /
Startup
Equipment
Failures x
Transport
ACTIVITIES
DURING
CONSTRUCTION
PHASE
Air
Quality
Noise
&
Odour
Water
Quality
Land
Quality
Infra-
structure
Services Environ
-mental
Hazards
Terrestrial
Ecology
Land use
Socio-
Economic
Status
Aquatic
Ecology
Water
Requirement x x
Material Storage
/ Transport
Utilities
Effluent
Discharge
Gaseous
Emissions
Fugitive Emissions X X
Solid Waste
Disposal X x
Spills & Leaks X
Shutdown /
Startup X X X X X
Equipment
Failures X 0 X x X
Transport
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TABLE - 4.11
___________________________________________________________________________
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MATRIX
Activities Environmental Parameter
Air
Quality
Noise &
Odour
Water
Quality
Land
Environ
ment
Infrastru
cture
Servi
ces
Environ
mental
Hazard
Terrestrial
Ecology/
Land use
Socio
economic
Status
Aquatic
Ecology
Water
Requirement -1 0 -2 -1 -2 2 0 0 0 0
Material
Storage /
Transport
-2 -1 0 0 1 2 -1 0 2 0
Utilities -2 -2 -1 -1 -2 2 0 0 2 0
Effluent
Discharge 0 0 -2 0 -2 2 -1 0 1 0
Gaseous
Emissions -2 -1 0 0 -1 2 -1 0 0 0
Fugitive
Emissions -2 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solid Waste
Disposal 0 0 -1 -2 -2 2 -1 0 2 0
Spills & Leaks -1 0 -2 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0
Shutdown /
Startup -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 2 0 0 2 0
Equipment
Failures -1 -1 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 2 0
Transport -1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
Cumulative
score -14 -6 -10 -8 -9 15 -5 0 12 0
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TABLE - 4.12
___________________________________________________________________________
CUMULATIVE IMPACT CHART
ENVIRONMENTAL
PARAMETER
TOTAL CUMULATIVE
SCORE
Air Quality -14
Noise and Odour -6
Water Quality -10
Land Requirement -8
Infrastructure -9
Service 15
Environmental Hazards -5
Terrestrial Ecology / Land use 0
Socio Economic Status 12
Aquatic Ecology 0
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4.11 CONCLUSION
During the environmental assessment study, all possible environmental aspects have been
adequately addressed and necessary control measures have been suggested to meet as per Norms.
Environmental monitoring is a successful tool for the management for implementation of adequate
& effective environmental measures.
It is concluded from the EIA study, that there will be negligible impact in buffer zone due to
operational Carbon Black plant. There will be marginal impact in the buffer zone during operation
phase. Workers from nearby villages shall be given priority for employment as per their skills. The
proposed project will contribute to economic growth in indirect way. Considering the above
overwhelming positive impact on the community, there shall be overall development of the area.
PCBL (TN) Ltd. provides a complete portfolio of products to meet the specific end requirements
across Rubber, Plastics, Coatings, Inks and other niche industries globally. The Company has been
continuously reinventing itself in order to make the best in class products. Additionally, PCBL's after
sales service and strong technical support ensures a fiercely loyal base of customers from around
the world. PCBL has etched its global footprints and has a market presence in more than 30 nations
with decanting stations, warehouses located near customer locations. A few of the Company's
prized customers are CEAT, MRF, Michelin, Yokohama, Birla Tyres, Goodyear, Sumitomo Tires,
Bridgestone, Kumho Tires, etc.
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CHAPTER - 5
____________________________________________________________________________
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE)
5.1 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY)
Manufacturing of carbon black mainly involve various unit operations like heating, cooling
and drying. Off gases generated in the manufacturing process of carbon black are utilized as
fuel in the steam boiler to generate high pressure steam and also utilized for power
generation.
The research and development activities of PCBL are supported by a pool of experienced and
qualified product and process scientists and engineers along with comprehensive
infrastructure and equipment facilities for feedstock development, new carbon black
development and to assist in evaluation of colloidal properties, morphological
characteristics, elemental and microscopic analysis of carbon blacks; physico-chemical,
rheological, thermal, mechanical, dynamic mechanical properties, colour performances of
rubber compounds, plastics compounds, inks and coating.
Oil furnace process is used in this project to manufacturing Carbon Black. In this process:-
The oil furnace process, based on the partial combustion of liquid aromatic
residual hydrocarbons, was first introduced in the U.S. at the end of World War II. It
rapidly displaced the then dominant channel (impingement) and gas-furnace
processes because it gave improved yields & better product qualities.
It was also independent of the geographical source of raw materials, a limitation
on the channel process and other processes dependent on natural gas, making
possible the worldwide location of manufacturing closer to the tyre customers.
Environmentally it favored elimination of particulate air pollution and was more
versatile than all other competing processes.
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The main equipments are the Process Air Blowers, Air Preheaters, Oil Preheaters,
Reactors, Waste Heat Recovery Boilers, Quench Tower, Agglomerators, Bag Filters,
Pelletizer, Pin Mixers, Pulverizer, Rotary Dryer, Elevators, CO Boiler & Power Plant.
The basic process consists of atomizing the feedstock into the combustion zone of
the reactor where the combustion of natural gas/carbon black feedstock oil (CBFS)
takes place with excess oxygen in the primary combustion stream & the desired
temperature of about 1850 - 1950 degree centigrade is achieved. . A second stream
of CBFS is fed to the reactor which is converted to carbon primary black. In some
reactors a number of feedstock streams are atomized radially into high velocity
combustion gases.
The reaction products must be quenched rapidly with water sprays to lower the
temperature to prevent loss of the carbon black product through reaction with water,
products of the combustion reactions. The hot, carbon black and gas from the
reactors enters the air preheater where thermal energy is transferred to preheat the
primary combustion air.
From the Air Preheater the carbon black along with gas generated in the reactor
enters the Oil preheater where the thermal energy is transferred to preheat the
feedstock before it enters the reactor. After the Oil Preheater the carbon black along
with gas enters the Waste heat recovery Boiler where the thermal energy is utilized
for steam generation; which is used in the process for heating purposes.
Finally after sufficient thermal energy transfer, the carbon black along with gas
temperature is lowered in the quench tower; if required. Subsequently the carbon
black along with gas enters the Bag Filters which separates the carbon black product
from the tail gases.
Since the tail gases are composed mainly of water, nitrogen, carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide, & hydrogen, they have low calorific heating value and is used as a
fuel to operate a boiler that generates steam used for power generation and also
used for heating the carbon black pellet in dryers.
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Unused tail gas is effectively used to produce power to meet Carbon Black plant
demand & balance is exported to grid.
The above process being a highly efficient and widely tasted one, and the waste gas energy
generation being self developed process of PCBL (TN) Limited, no other alternatives is
necessary for the project.
5.2 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (SITE)
Proposed project site is located in Plot No. A-7 Survey No: 32/2Pt Thervoy Kandigai SIPCOT
Industrial Park, Thervoy Kandigai village, Gummidipoondi Taluk, Thiruvallur District, Tamil
Nadu -601202.
Table 5.1 Alternative Site analysis:
State District Locations Reason for project location abandonment
Andhra
Pradesh Nellore
Naidupeta
Industrial park
1. Nearest road connectivity not in good condition for
smooth movement of Finished goods & raw material
containers.
2. Site located far from Major tyre customers units
located in Southern part of India and therefore increase
in Finished goods logistics cost.
Andhra
Pradesh Nellore
Attivaram
Industrial park
Telangana Nalgonda Miryalaguda
Industrial park
1. Long distance between plant and nearest seaport for
transportation of Raw material and Finished goods and
therefore increase in logistics cost.
2. Site located far from Major tyre customers units
located in Southern part of India and therefore increase
in Finished goods logistics cost
3. Basic Infrastructure ( Road connectivity , water
supply , Electricity supply ) not available, unreadiness
for new Carbon Black plant setup
Telangana Suryapet Suryapet
Industrial park
Based on the above comparison, SIPCOT Thervoykandigai site (Tamil Nadu) was selected
based on the following benefits:
1. Site is ~ 37.11 km (E) away from Kattupalli Port since 95% of raw materials will be
imported and 60% of product will be exported by sea. It is very important to locate near the
port.
2. Site is located very near to major tyres industries (Michellin tyre is located next to the site
and other major Tyres companies like Apollo, JK, bridgestone etc).
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3. Site is well connected by road (~5.06 km, S), railways (~15.73 Km, ENE) and Airway (~43.13
km, SSE).
4. Adequate land is available within the SIPCOT.
5. 100% assurance of water supply by SIPCOT
The project site is located at SIPCOT Industrial Park , ThervoykandigaiVillage, Gummidipoondi
Taluk, Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu and the connectivity is given in Table 5-2.
Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-2 Connectivity to the site
Nearest Highway NH 16(Kharagpur–Gummidipoondi- Chennai) ~ 15.10 km (
ENE)
Nearest State Highway SH 51 (Korthalaiyar bridge-Palavakkam-puthur Road) ~5.06 km
(S)
Nearest Railway
Station Gummidipoondi Railway station ~15.73 km (ENE)
Nearest Airport Chennai International Airport~ 43.13 km (SSE)
Nearest Port (by
road)
Ennore Kamarajar Port ~ 38.45 km (ESE)
Kattupalli Adani Port ~ 37.11 km (E)
Chennai Port ≃43.75 km (SE)
Nearest Habitation Gopalareddikandigai ~0.92 km (NW)
Connectivity to the project site and availability of all the required infrastructures, in the
SIPCOT industrial area and the location being an industrial area are the major advantages for
the project.
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CHAPTER - 6
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
6.1 PROJECT ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN
M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. shall adopt comprehensive environmental monitoring plan which is
essential to take into account the changes in the environment. The objective of monitoring
is:
To verify the result of the impact assessment study in particular with regards to new
developments.
To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical
To check or assess the efficiency of controlling measures
To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact assessment
study, do not become critical through the commissioning of new project.
To monitor effectiveness of Control Measures:
Monitor daily, Assess effectiveness of the Control Measures being implemented,
Explore the need to modify or add new Control Measures particularly if a violation is
observed & Report weekly.
Regular monitoring of environmental parameters will be made to find out any
deterioration in environmental quality.
Monitoring of the proposed project area will be regularly conducted. The attributes,
which merit regular monitoring, are specified underneath.
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6.2 OBJECTIVES
Ensure day to day operational activities are conducted in a manner in compliance with the
applicable regulatory approvals including legislation and industry standards.
Evaluate the adequacy of mitigation and pollution control measures implemented for
reducing the adverse impacts caused during the construction and operation stage and
suggest additional mitigation measures, if appropriate, in the light of the results.
Define a detailed framework to monitor and document for achieving full compliance with
statutory requirements.
Encourage good environmental management practices through planning, commitment
and continuous improvement.
Develop clearly defined environmental monitoring program designed to assess the nature
and extent of environmental impacts of the proposed operations and progressively refine
such programs against the targets
Define roles and responsibilities of site personnel and ensure that all people onsite are
fully informed of their responsibilities and accountabilities with regard to the
environment.
To comply with all regulations stipulated by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)/
State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) related to air emission and liquid effluent discharge
as per air and water pollution control act/ laws.
To handle hazardous wastes as per the Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules
1989and Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement)
Rules, 2016 and subsequent amendments.
Review, improve and update environmental management procedures and standards.
Establish response procedures for actual/potential environmental impacts including
community complaints and ensure corrective action is taken.
Perspective budgeting and allocation of funds for environmental management
expenditure, Continuous development and search for innovative technologies for a
cleaner and better environment.
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6.3 DOCUMETATION & RECORDS
The environmental department in respect of operation of pollution control facility is
being/will maintain following records:
Instruction manual for operation and maintenance of pollution control equipments.
Log sheet for self-monitoring of pollution control equipments.
Manual for monitoring of Air, water for ambient conditions.
Instruction manual for monitoring of water, solid and gaseous parameter discharged
from the factory and also for various parameters of pollution control facilities.
Stationary records as per the Environmental Acts.
Monthly and annual progress reports.
Regularly these documents & records shall be reviewed for necessary improvement of
the monitoring plan/mitigation measures/environmental technologies as well as for
necessary actions of Environmental Management Cell.
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6.4 POST PROJECT MONITORING PLAN
Environment monitoring plan for proposed plant has described in Table-6.1 along with
Environment Components, parameter, standards to be followed, location and frequency.
COMPONENTS OF POST-PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
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6.4.1 Environmental Monitoring Program
It is imperative that the Project Authorities set up regular monitoring stations to assess the
quality of environment during construction phase and after commissioning of the project. An
environmental monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information and
helps to:
Verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study assist in
detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and thus,
provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures, and identify the
effectiveness of mitigative measures suggested in the EMP.
Environmental Monitoring Program – Operation Phase
After commissioning of the project, post project monitoring of environmental parameters
will be carried out at regular intervals. The monitoring programme in different areas of the
environment has been based on the findings of the impact assessment studies. The post
project monitoring programme including areas, number and location of monitoring stations,
frequency of sampling and parameters to be covered is summarized in Table 6-1.
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TABLE - 6.1
PROJECT ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN
S.
No
Area of
Monitoring
Number of Sampling
Stations
Frequency of
Sampling Parameters to be Analyzed
1. Micro
Meteorology One
Hourly and
Daily basis.
Wind speed and direction,
Temperature, Relative
Humidity, Atmospheric
pressure, Rainfall.
2. Ambient Air
Quality
2 Stations (one in up
wind and one in
down wind)
Twice a
week:24
hourly period
All the 12 parameters as per
NAAQ Standards, VOC and
Hydrocarbons
3. Noise
2 (one within plant
premises and one
outside plant
premises)
Once a month
Ambient Equivalent
continuous Sound Pressure
Levels (Leq) at day and Night
time.
4. Water
One surface and
ground water sample
near the site
Once a month All the parameters as per IS
10500:2012
5. Soil
2 (one within plant
premises and one
outside plant
premises)
Once in six months
Physicochemical properties, Nutrients and Heavy metals
6.
Liquid
Effluents
Effluent inlet and
outlet Weekly
pH, Temp, Conductivity, Oil
and Grease,TSS, TDS, BOD..
STP inlet and outlet Monthly pH, TSS, BOD & COD
7. Exhaust from
DG set Stack of DG set Monthly PM, SO2, NOx& CO
8. Vehicular
Emissions Parking area
Periodic
monitoring of
vehicles
Air emission and noise, PCU
9
Solid waste /
Hazardous
waste
Solid and hazardous
waste storage area Once a week Quantity
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6.4.2 MONITORING METHODOLOGIES
Monitoring of environmental samples shall be collected as per the guidelines provide by
MoEF&CC/ CPCB/ TNPCB. The method followed shall be recommended/standard method
approved/recommended by MoEF&CC/ CPCB.
Method of Environmental Sampling & Analysis
Attributes Method
Sampling / Preservation Analysis
A. Air Environment
1. Micro meteorological
data
2. Ambient Air Quality
Mechanical/automatic
1. Mechanical or automatic
weather station/
Meteorological Department
2. Samplers (Designed as per
USEPA) to collect PM2.5, PM10
and the gaseous samples
--
Standard methods such
as IS - 5182 & CPCB
guideline, ASTM, etc.
B. Noise Instrument: Noise level meter --
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6.5 ENVIRONMENT POLICY
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6.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL
Apart from having an environmental management plan, it is also necessary to have a
permanent organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring effective implementation.
In this effect, M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. will assign responsibilities to officers from various
disciplines to co-ordinate the activities concerned with management and implementation of
environment control measures.
An organogram of Environment management cell is shown in Figure 6.1. This department
shall undertake the monitoring of environment pollution level by measuring stack emissions,
Ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, Noise level, etc. either departmentally or by
appointing external agency whenever necessary.
M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. shall carry out the regular monitoring in future as well as ensure that
pollution is limited below prescribed limits and shall take corrective action by providing new
pollution control equipment if required. In case the monitored results of environment
pollution are found to exceed the prescribed limits, remedial actions are taken through the
concerned plant authorities. The actual operation and maintenance of pollution control
equipment of each department is under respective department heads.
The environmental department shall also look after preparation and submission of Water
Cess Return, Environmental statement and Consolidated Consent & Authorization
application/ renewal under water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Ambient Air Quality as per NAAQS
Standards, 2009 and Hazardous & Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary
Movement) Rules, 2016 under Environment Protection Act, 1986.
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FIGURE - 6.1
ORGANOGRAM OF ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL
Responsibilities of EMC
The responsibilities of the EMC include the following:
Environmental monitoring of the surrounding area.
Commissioning of pollution control equipment.
Specification and regulation of maintenance schedules for pollution control
equipment.
Ensuring that standards of housekeeping in the plant are maintained.
Developing the green belt.
Ensuring proper use of water.
Carrying out the Environmental Management Plan.
Organizing meetings of the Environmental Management Committee and reporting to
the committee.
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Ensuring legal compliance by properly undertaking activities as laid down by various
regulatory agencies from time to time.
6.7 COMPANY HAS A SYSTEM OF REPORTING OF NON-COMPLIANCES / VIOLATIONS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL NORMS TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE COMPANY AND / OR
SHAREHOLDERS OR STAKEHOLDERS AT LARGE
An organogram to report of non compliances / violations of environmental norms to the
Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders:
Operator
EHS Incharge
EHS - Head
Plant Head
Director/CEO
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6.8 Compliance Reports
As a part of environmental monitoring programme, following compliance report will be
submitted to TNPCB and Regional Office of MoEF&CC.
Half yearly compliance reports of Environmental Clearance terms and conditions on
1stJune and 1stDecember every calendar year.
Environmental statement (Form-V) for the financial year ending March 31 to TNPCB
on or before September 30 every year.
Format for maintaining records of hazardous waste in Form-3 as per Hazardous and
other Wastes (Management and Handling and Transboundary movement) Rules,
2008.
Safety data sheet for hazardous chemicals will be maintained as per schedule-9 of
MSIHC rules, 1989 (amended 2000).
Format for maintaining notification of major accident in schedule-6 as per MISHC
rules, 1989 (amended 2000).
6.9 On-site Mock Drills Requirements
On-site mock drills are very important as it helps employees to be aware of the safety
procedures and how to react during the time of crisis. Conducting mock drills at regular
intervals enhances preparedness and checks the viability of environmental/disaster
management plan. Mock drills are essential for the following reasons:
Helps in revising/improving the environmental/disaster management plan
Helps to evaluate whether the responsible officials are trained efficiently for
the unforeseen event
Helps in evaluating whether the emergency equipment are being maintained
at premises
To ensure efficient environmental/disaster management, EHS department/EMP cell shall
conduct periodic on-site mock drills in case of occurrence of the following activities:
Fire, Natural calamities (cyclones, floods, earthquakes)
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Power break down
Bomb threats; War alerts/terrorist attacks
Mock drills should also involve fire department, police, municipal authorities, hospitals and
other department/agencies that are mandated to provide emergency support. Documenting
the outcome of mock drills is an important aspect as this helps in revising the existing plan
more efficiently. In all safety programmes the right personnel need to be employed and this
is of utmost importance.
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CHAPTER – 7
RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
In order to support the environment impact assessment and environment management
plan, following additional studies have been included in the report.
Risk assessment
Disaster Management Plan
On-site and off-site emergency action plan
Occupational Health and Safety Management System
7.1 RISK ASSESSMENT
7.1.1 INTRODUCTION
M/S. PCBL (TN) LIMITED is a wholly owned subsidiary of M/s Phillips Carbon Black Limited
(PCBL). PCBL is the first Carbon Black Company in the world to receive carbon credits. PCBL
has redefined its business by establishing captive power plants at each factory from the off-
gas or waste product from the carbon black manufacturing process thus creating a
sustainable green movement. The gas, a by-product of carbon black production, is
harnessed for generating electricity at the PCBL's Captive Power Plants (CPP), at Palej,
Durgapur, Mundra and Kochi. The Company has heavily cut down on carbon and gas
emission, and serves green power to Large Private industrial units and State Electricity
utilities. At present, the combined production capacity is 5.71 lakh Ton/Annum. Now, PCBL
(TN) LIMITED planned to set up a unit in SIPCOT industrial park, Thervoy Kandigai. Proposed
facility will be located at Plot No A7 of Thervoy Kandigai Village, SIPCOT Industrial Complex,
Gummidipoondi Taluk, Tiruvallur District and Tamil Nadu. The allotted land area is 60.02
Acres (242892.32 Sq.m). The land allotted from SIPCOT industrial complex to the proponent
for this proposed project.
Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of the various hazards (unsafe
conditions). On the other hand, risk assessment deals with recognition and computation of
risks, the equipment in the plant and personnel are prone to due to the accidents resulting
from the hazards present in the plant.
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Risk assessment follows an extensive hazard analysis. It involves the identification and
assessment of risks to which the neighboring populations are exposed to as a result of
hazards present. This requires a thorough knowledge of failure probability, credible accident
scenario, vulnerability of population etc. Much of this information is difficult to get or
generate. Consequently, the risk assessment is often confined to maximum credible
accident studies. It provides basis for what should be type and capacity of its on-site and off-
site emergency plan also what types of safety measures shall be required.
7.1.2 APPROACH TO THE STUDY
Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of some accidents consisting of an
event or sequence of events. The risk assessment study covers the following:
Identification of potential hazard area;
Identification of representative failure cases;
Visualization of the resulting scenarios in terms of fire and explosion;
Assess the overall damage potential of the identified hazardous events and the
impact zones form the accidental scenarios;
Furnish the recommendations on the minimization of the worst accident possibilities
Preparation of Disaster Management Plan;
Emergency Plan, which includes Occupational and Health Safety Plan;
7.1.3 METHODOLOGY
Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is a means of making a systematic assessment of the
risks from hazardous activities, and forming a rational evaluation of their significance, in
order to provide input to a decision-making process. The term ‘quantitative risk assessment’
is widely used, but strictly this refers to the purely numerical assessment of risks without
any evaluation of their significance. The study has been conducted based on the premises of
a traditional Quantitative Risk Assessment. The key components of a QRA are explained
below, and illustrated in Figure-7.1 and Figure-7.2.
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FIGURE–7.1
QRA METHODOLOGY
TASK 1: SYSTEM DEFINITION
TASK 2: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
TASK 3: FREQUENCY ANALYSIS TASK 4: CONSEQUENCE MODELING
TASK 5: RISK CALCULATIONS
TASK 6: RISK ASSESSMENT
TASK 7: RISK REDUCING MEASURES
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FIGURE–7.2
FLOW CHART FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Start Identify Risk Areas
Select a Risk Area
Identify Failure Cases
Select a Failure Cases
Identify Consequence Outcomes
Select Consequence Outcomes
Determine Frequency
Estimate Consequence
Record Frequency and Consequence in a summary Table
Have all Consequence outcomes been studied?
Have all failure cases been studied?
Have all risk areas been studied?
Draw Risk Contours Finish
Yes
Next Next
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7.1.4 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Identification of hazards in the proposed project activity is of primary significance of the
analysis, and quantification. Hazard states the characteristics of system/ plant/ process that
present potential for an accident. All the components of a system/ plant/ process need to
be thoroughly examined to assess their potential for initiating or propagating an unplanned
event/ sequence of events, which can be termed as an accident.
7.1.4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS AREAS
The procedure for QRA starts with identification of major risk areas in the installation.
Operation carried out in specialty chemicals Industries usually come under certain board,
general categories. At M/s. Philips Carbon Black Limited major risk areas are as follows:
Bulk storage area for Raw Materials at ambient temperature and atmospheric
pressure.
Process Plant
7.1.4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF FAILURE CASES FOR HAZARDOUS AREAS
Release due to catastrophic failure of storage tanks or process vessels.
Rupture of connected pipe with storage tank or process vessels.
Continuous release at significant rates for long durations transfer pipelines caused by
sudden, major break of the pipeline.
Continuous release at low rate through small holes or cracks in piping and vessels, flange
leaks, and leakage from pump glands and similar seals.
It is to be noted that for Quantitative Risk Assessment, worst case scenarios has been
considered, though their frequency of occurrence is much lower than the cases of small
leaks.
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7.1.4.3 MAJOR HAZARDOUS AREASAND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
The hazardous chemical storage area is shown in Figure-7.3. The major Hazardous chemicals
to be stored, transported, handled and utilized within the plot area are summarized in the
Table-7.1. Other hazards and control measures are summarized in Table-7.2.Facilities /
System for process safety, transportation, fire fighting system and emergency capabilities to
be adopted are stated below.
FIGURE-7.3
HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL STORAGE AREA
Tank Farm
Area
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TABLE-7.1
STORAGE AND HANDLING DETAILS OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
SR.
NO.
RAW
MATERIAL
CAS NO. STATE HAZARD
INVOLVED
MODE OF
STORAGE
NO. OF
TANKS
/VESSELS /
BAGS
CAPACITY OF
EACH STORAGE
TANKS/ VESSEL/
BAGS
1.
Carbon Black
Feedstock
(CBFS)
64741-62-4 Liquid Flammable MS Tank 2 6000
1 3000
8 2000
1 600
2. Anthracene
(ATO)
90640-80-5 Liquid Toxic/
Flammable
MS Tank 2 2000
3. High Speed
Diesel
(HSD)/Light
Diesel Oil (LDO)
68476-30-2 Liquid Flammable MS Tank 1 150
4. Molasses
NA Thick
Liquid
Toxic Epoxy
Coated
CS
Cylindrica
l Tanks
1 140
5. Hydrochloric
Acid
7732-18-5 Liquid Corrosive Rubber
Lined CS /
FRP
Vessels
1 40
6. Sodium
Hydroxide
1310-73-2 Liquid Corrosive Rubber
Lined CS /
FRP
Vessels
1 20
7. Potassium
Nitrate /
Potassium
Carbonate
7757-79-1/
584-08-7
Powder Corrosive /
Corrosive
Bags 100 20
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TABLE-7.2
OTHER HAZARDS AND CONTROL
SR.
NO.
NAME OF THE
POSSIBLE HAZARD
OR EMERGENCY
ITS SOURCES
&
REASONS
ITS EFFECTS ON
PERSONS, PROPERTY
& ENVIRONMENT
PLACE OF
ITS EFFECT
CONTROL MEASURES PROVIDED
1 BOILER
(1) Burning
(2) Physical injury
(3) Explosion
Over pressure in the
boiler if safety valve
not working. Water
level indicator not
working. Low water
level indicator fails.
High temp. System
fails.
Minor/Major Injury
Loss of human life
Loss of property (Loss
of Main/ Machine
Material)
Boiler
House and
surrounding
places
Lower & Upper Level Indication System provision. Safety
valves for pressure control fixed temp. & pressure
indicator provided. Blow down & blowing system
provided for cleaning tube and shell. Soft water used.
Inter locking provided on pumps, FD fan, and ID fan.
Periodical checking & inspection maintenance done.
Yearly inspection done by Boiler Inspector.
2 ELECTRICITY
(1) Burning
(2) Fire
(3) Shock
Loose Contacts, Weak
earthling Short Circuit
Improper Insulation
Burning, Shock, Death Surroundin
g the
accident
area
Proper Earthing, Periodical Checking of joints, proper
insulations of Equipments, etc. Flame proof fitting in
solvent storage area, bounding and jumpers to all
solvent barrier lines provided.
3 HOUSE KEEPING
(1) Physical
(2) Burning
(3) Fire
(4) Chemical
Exposure
Bad House keeping Physical / Chemical
Thermal Burn Injury
(Major / Minor)
In all
surrounding
areas i.e.
Storage,
Plants
Proper Handling, regular cleaning, Proper placement of
material (RIGHT THING AT THE RIGHT PLACE)
4 PIPE LINE LEAKAGES
Spillages etc.
(1) Corrosion
(2) Toxic gas release
Leaking of pipe line
due to corrosion,
Loose contact etc.
Physical / Chemical
Thermal Burn Injury
(Major / Minor)
Plant area Proper maintenance, Proper Selection of Material for
pipe lines, Immediate attention, Earthing provided,
flame proof fitting, NO SMOKING Boards displayed.
5 Structural Failure Inside the factory
(Corrosion)
Injury/Death to
persons, damage to
property
Within the
factory
Automatic operation Periodic Testing of safety valves
Regular Inspection and Maintenance
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6 Toxic Release from
outside
Outside the factory Injury/Death Within &
outside the
unit
Alarm, Evacuation rescue & shelter/ Welfare
7 Natural Calamity Nature Injury / Death to
persons, damage to
property
Within &
outside the
unit
Alarm, Evacuation rescue & shelter/ Welfare
TABLE-7.3
HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES OF THE CHEMICALS, COMPATIBILITIES, SPECIAL HAZARD AND ANTIDOTES
NO RAW MATERIAL S/L
TANKS
NFPA WATER SOL FP °c BP °c L E L
U E L
VP VD SG TWA IDLH
1 Carbon Black Feedstock
(CBFS)
Liquid 2 2 0 Insoluble in
Water
110°c 420°c NA NA NA 1.09-1.10
g/cm3
3.5
mg/m3
None
estab.
2 Anthracene (ATO) Liquid 2 2 0 Insoluble in
cold water
121°c 342°c 0.6% NA 6.15 1.09-1.12
g/cm3
0.2
mg/m3
NA
3 High Speed Diesel
(HSD)/Light Diesel Oil
(LDO)
Liquid 1 2 0 Insoluble in
Water
32°c 215-376°c 0.6%
6%
2.12 to 26 mm
Hg at 21°c
3-5 0.86-0.90 800 PPM NA
4 Molasses
Liquid NA Highly Soluble Not
determined
107°c Not determined 1.4 NA NA
5 Hydrochloric Acid
Liquid 3 0 0 Soluble in cold
water, hot
water
NA 108.58°C (for
20.22% HCl) 83 °C
(for 31% HCl )
50.5°C (for 37%
HCl)
NA 25 kPa at 25°C 1.267 1.1-1.9 NA NA
6 Sodium Hydroxide
Liquid 3 0 1 1.260 g/l at 20
°C
NA 1.390°C NA NA 1.38 NA 2
mg/m3
10
mg/m3
7 Potassium Nitrate /
Potassium Carbonate
Powder 1 0 1
2 2 0
NA NA 400°C @ 760
mmHg
NA NA NA 2.11 NA NA
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7.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS
CHEMICALS
LIQUIDS
Vendor will be asked to provide MSDS to Truck Driver.
Truck will have clearly marked identification of material being contained with mentioning
Safety Card.
Driver to have concerned Safety Officer’s contact details to contact him in case of
emergency.
SOP to cover routine checking of Hazardous chemical storage area to be carried out for
checking any spillage / leakage.
Hazardous chemical storage area will be inspected physically daily for having any visual
abnormality.
Readings of Temperature & Pressure will be noted, recorded & reported immediately for
abnormality.
Safety instruments will be checked at defined duration for intakeness.
Barrels to be checked for proper fixing of bungs before sending it outside the premises.
Barrels to be monitored physically daily for developing any pressure or vacuum within it on
long storage.
Concerned persons will be trained properly to use spill kit in case of observing any spillage
inside warehouse.
SOLIDS
Vendor will be asked to provide MSDS to Truck Driver.
Driver to have concerned Safety Officer’s contact details to contact him in case of
emergency.
Provide muffler on exhaust while entering truck within premises.
SOP to cover routine checking of Bags & Containers for checking any damage.
Containers to be tested for safe racking & transportation.
Proper PPE to be used while handling the material & concerned persons to be trained for
usage of the same.
Concerned persons will be trained properly to use spill kit in case of observing any spillage
inside warehouse.
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THE MAJOR HAZARDS IN THE M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD ARE DESCRIBED BELOW.
Fire and Explosive hazard due to leakage of chemicals like Carbon Black Feedstock,
Anthracene, HSD & LDO etc.
Corrosive hazard due to leakage of chemicals like HCl
Electrical hazards due to the electrical major equipment/ machinery, operations, welding,
motors, and heavy lift devices, cabling, human intervention (short circuit possibility),
maintenance work (due to machinery breakdown etc.), plant lighting related electrical
hazards.
Possibility of human injury due to working with mechanical machines, manual handling etc.
Possibility of injury during chemicals handled, during operations and due to intoxication.
Major dropped objects hazard due to large number of physical handling steps / operations
involved with crane/ overhead lifting/ hoisting equipment.
Fires in any part of the plant working areas – there is a possibility of rapid escalation if it is
not brought under control quickly.
Possibilities of fire hazards at transformers, switchgear and other electrical equipment etc.
FOR ABOVE GROUND NON PESO STORAGE TANK FARM:
SS storage tank provided as per IS code.
Dyke wall provided to storage tank.
Level gauge provided with low level high level auto cut-off provision.
Fire hydrant monitor with foam trolley facility provided.
FLP type pump provided.
Double static earthing provided to storage tank.
Double Jumper clip provided to all pipeline flanges.
Road tanker unloading procedure prepared and implemented.
Lightening arrestor, PPEs provided.
Safety shower, eye wash provided.
NFPA labeling system adopted for drums as well as storage tanks.
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS MEASURES FOR FLAMMABLE STORAGE &TANK FARM AREA:
Isolated storage area, away from process area.
Fully fledged fire hydrant system with fire water storage tank will be provided
Water sprinkler system/ hydrant system will be provided at all flammable material storage
area.
Static dissipation points for control of static hazards will be provided.
Fire extinguishers and foam trolleys will be provided at strategic locations.
Online gas detectors system will be provided near underground tank farm.
Safety instruction boards will be displayed for handling & emergency response.
Dyke walls will be provided for containment of liquid spills.
PLC based safety interlocks, control valves and emergency relief system will be provided.
Flame proof fitting will be installed at all areas as per Hazardous Area Classification.
Double earthing & grounding to the system will be provided.
Earthing relays with interlock will be provided to stop transfer of material if earthing
continuity is not there.
Lock & key arrangements will be provided for critical chemicals pipeline valves.
Tanker loading stations with retractable life lines will be provided.
SAFETY MEASURES FOR ACID STORAGE TANK AREA:
Storage tank will be stored away from the process plant.
Tanker unloading procedure will be prepared and implemented.
Caution note and emergency handling procedure will be displayed at unloading area and
trained all operators.
NFPA label will be provided.
Required PPEs like full body protection PVC apron, Hand gloves, gumboot, Respiratory mask
etc. will be provided to operator.
Neutralizing agent will be kept ready for tackle any emergency spillage.
Safety shower, eye wash with quenching unit will be provided in acid storage area.
Material will be handled in close condition in pipe line.
Dyke wall will be provided to all storage tanks, collection pit with valve provision.
Double drain valve will provided.
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Level gauge will be provided on all storage tanks.
Safety permit for loading unloading of hazardous material will be prepared and
implemented.
TREM CARD will be provided to all transporters and will be trained for transportation
Emergency of Hazardous chemicals.
Fire hydrant system with jockey pump as per IS 13039 will be installed.
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SAFETY MEASURES IN PLANT AREA
SPECIAL DESIGN CRITERIA
All processes will be made inherently safer through HAZOP studies at the design freeze stage.
All equipment will be made to relevant standards and tested through competent agencies. All
processes will be PLC based and hence a little chance is left to human error.
CONTROLS AND ALARMS
All hazardous processes and equipment will be DCS operated. Respective audio-visual alarm
and DCS based controls will be provided.
PRESSURE RELIEF SYSTEMS
Wherever pressure systems are there, the rupture disc and pressure relieving safety valves will
be provided. These valves give positive relief during over-pressurization, even at low
temperature (possible cause for over-pressurization are fire, excessive nitrogen pressure for
unloading and overheating during thawing procedures for frozen alkyls) Use of the relief valve
also allows reseating after the over pressurization is relieved.
COLLECTING TANK / DUMP TANKS/ BUFFER VESSELS
All liquid storages will be provided with dyke containment for collection of leakage material
from the storage tank. All plants will be having collection sumps so that if there is any spill in
the plant it is getting collected in sumps.
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7.3 HANDLING OF TOXIC/CORROSIVE CHEMICALS
When in contact with human tissues, most corrosive substances produce chemical burns,
while certain other substances produce deep ulceration. Many corrosive substances have a
defeating action on the skin and may cause dermatitis.
THE SAFEGUARDS AGAINST THESE HAZARDS WILL BE:
Preventing or minimizing contact between corrosive substances and skin, mucous
membranes and eyes.
Corrosive substances will not be allowed to come in contact with materials that may react.
All the containers, pipes, apparatus, installations and structure used for the manufacture,
storage, transport or use of these substances will be protected by suitable coatings,
impervious to and unaffected by corrosives.
All containers or receptacles will be clearly labelled to indicate their contents and should
bear the danger symbol for corrosives.
A high standard of maintenance and good housekeeping will be essential.
Adequate ventilation and exhaust arrangement whether general or local, will be provided
whenever corrosive toxic gases or dust are present.
Personal protective devices will be used depending upon the nature of work viz.
O Corrosion-resistant and impervious suits, or hand-gloves, aprons etc.
O Respirator, gas mask or self contained breathing apparatus.
O Barrier cream when exposure will not be severe.
First aid treatment facilities will be provided and all concern are instructed to follow safe
Practices such as
O Prolonged washing with water
O Removing contaminated clothing
O Seeking immediate medical help
Safety showers and eye washers will be provided
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HAZARD CONTROL MEASURES
A) Hazard Control Measures:
1) Fire Hazard 2) Others Hazard 3) Chemical / Solvent
leakage
Flameproof electrical
apparatus installed at
probable fire hazard area.
Well maintained Fire
Fighting Apparatus (fire
extinguisher, fire hydrant
system) in sufficient
quantity.
Well defined storage facility
for fire hazard substances.
Copper Jumpers are
provided on solvent
transferring lines.
Earthing/Bonding system is
provided at designated
areas.
Smoke detectors and fire
alarm system installed at
site.
Process / operation
handling by competent
person only.
Permit to work system.
Round the clock availability
of qualified Safety Officer &
Paramedic.
Mutual aid with nearby
industries and Disaster
Preventive Management
Centre.
WH & Solvent Building
located away from other
plants.
Online flammable gas
detection meters with
audible alarm / hooter.
Explosion proof wall &
doors of process area
where such hazards are
apparent.
Copper Jumpers are
provided on solvent
transferring lines.
Earthing/Bonding system is
provided at designated
areas.
Process operated by
competent person only.
Regular testing / inspection
of pressure vessels by
competent person
Installation of safety valve
on probable explosion
hazards vessels.
Permit to work system.
Handling of chemicals
with confined containers
/ drums only.
Availability of spillage
control kit & sand
buckets on specific
locations.
Regular monitoring of
VOC level of plant by
internally and externally
agency and precaution
are taken to avoid
exposure.
PPEs like organic
cartridge mask, air
bubbler and full body
pressure suit with
breathing air provision
are provided as and
when required.
People in vicinity of area
are trained to use
spillage control kit.
SCBA set is readily
available at designated
locations for emergency
scenario.
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7.4 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
In a plant handling hazardous chemicals, the main hazard arises due to storage, handling & use
of these chemicals. If these chemicals are released into the atmosphere, they may cause
damage due to resulting fires or vapour clouds. Blast Overpressures depend upon the reactivity
class of material between two explosive limits.
OPERATING PARAMETERS
Potential vapour release for the same material depends significantly on the operating
conditions. Especially for any liquefied gas, the operating conditions are very critical to assess
the damage potential. If we take up an example of ammonia, if it is stored at ambient
temperature, say 30oC, and then the vapour release potential of the inventory is much higher as
compared to the case if it is stored at 0oC.
INVENTORY
Inventory Analysis is commonly used in understanding the relative hazards and short listing of
release scenarios. Inventory plays an important role in regard to the potential hazard.
Larger the inventory of a vessel or a system, larger the quantity of potential release. The
potential vapour release (source strength) depends upon the quantity of liquid release, the
properties of the materials and the operating conditions (pressure, temperature). If all these
influencing parameters are combined into a matrix and vapour source strength estimated for
each release case, a ranking should become a credible exercise.
LOSS OF CONTAINMENT
Plant inventory can get discharged to Environment due to Loss of Containment. Certain
features of materials to be handled at the plant need to the clearly understood to firstly list out
all significant release cases and then to short list release scenarios for a detailed examination.
Liquid release can be either instantaneous or continuous. Failure of a vessel leading to an
instantaneous outflow assumes the sudden appearance of such a major crack that practically all
of the contents above the crack shall be released in a very short time. The more likely event is
the case of liquid release from a hole in a pipe connected to the vessel. The flow rate is
depending on the size of the hole as well as on the pressure, which was present, in front of the
hole, prior to the accident. Such pressure is basically dependent on the pressure in the vessel.
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The vaporisation of released liquid depends on the vapour pressure and weather conditions.
Such consideration and others have been kept in mind both during the initial listing as well as
during the short listing procedure. In the study, Maximum Credible Loss accident methodology
is to be used, therefore, the largest potential hazard inventories have been considered for
consequence estimation.
7.4.1 DAMAGE CRITERIA
In consequence analysis, use is made of a number of calculation models to estimate the
physical effects of an accident (spill of hazardous material) and to predict the damage (lethality,
injury, material destruction) of the effects. The calculations can roughly be divided in three
major groups:
a) Determination of the source strength parameters;
b) Determination of the consequential effects;
c) Determination of the damage or damage distances.
The basic physical effect models consist of the following.
SOURCE STRENGTH PARAMETERS
* Calculation of the outflow of liquid, vapour or gas out of a vessel or a pipe, in case of
rupture. Also two-phase outflow can be calculated.
* Calculation, in case of liquid outflow, of the instantaneous flash evaporation and of the
dimensions of the remaining liquid pool.
* Calculation of the evaporation rate, as a function of volatility of the material, pool
dimensions and wind velocity.
* Source strength equals pump capacities, etc. in some cases.
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CONSEQUENTIAL EFFECTS
* Dispersion of gaseous material in the atmosphere as a function of source strength, relative
density of the gas, weather conditions and topographical situation of the surrounding area.
* Intensity of heat radiation [in kW/ m2] due to a fire or a BLEVE, as a function of the distance
to the source.
* Energy of vapour cloud explosions [in N/m2], as a function of the distance to the distance of
the exploding cloud.
* Concentration of gaseous material in the atmosphere, due to the dispersion of evaporated
chemical. The latter can be either explosive or toxic.
It may be obvious, that the types of models that must be used in a specific risk study strongly
depend upon the type of material involved:
- Gas, vapour, liquid, solid
- Inflammable, explosive, toxic, toxic combustion products
- Stored at high/low temperatures or pressure
- Controlled outflow (pump capacity) or catastrophic failure?
SELECTION OF DAMAGE CRITERIA
The damage criteria give the relation between extent of the physical effects (exposure) and the
percentage of the people that will be killed or injured due to those effects. The knowledge
about these relations depends strongly on the nature of the exposure. For instance, much more
is known about the damage caused by heat radiation, than about the damage due to toxic
exposure, and for these toxic effects, the knowledge differs strongly between different
materials.
In Consequence Analysis studies, in principle three types of exposure to hazardous effects are
distinguished:
1. Heat radiation, from a jet, pool fire, a flash fire or a BLEVE.
2. Explosion
3. Toxic effects, from toxic materials or toxic combustion products.
In the next three paragraphs, the chosen damage criteria are given and explained.
HEAT RADIATION
The consequence caused by exposure to heat radiation is a function of:
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The radiation energy onto the human body [kW/m2];
The exposure duration [sec];
The protection of the skin tissue (clothed or naked body).
The limits for 1% of the exposed people to be killed due to heat radiation, and for second-
degree burns are given in the table herein:
DAMAGES TO HUMAN LIFE DUE TO HEAT RADIATION
Exposure
Duration
Radiation for 1%
lethality (kW/m2)
Radiation for 2nd degree
burns (kW/m2)
Radiation for first
degree burns (kW/m2)
10 Sec 21.2 16 12.5
30 Sec 9.3 7.0 4.0
Since in practical situations, only the own employees will be exposed to heat radiation in case
of a fire, it is reasonable to assume the protection by clothing. It can be assumed that people
would be able to find a cover or a shield against thermal radiation in 10 sec. time. Furthermore,
100% lethality may be assumed for all people suffering from direct contact with flames, such as
the pool fire, a flash fire or a jet flame. The effects due to relatively lesser incident radiation
intensity are given below.
EFFECTS DUE TO INCIDENT RADIATION INTENSITY
INCIDENT RADIATION
kW/m2
TYPE OF DAMAGE
0.7 Equivalent to Solar Radiation
1.6 No discomfort for long exposure
4.0 Sufficient to cause pain within 20 sec. Blistering of skin (first
degree burns are likely)
9.5 Pain threshold reached after 8 sec. second degree burns after 20
sec.
12.5 Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting
plastic tubing etc.
EXPLOSION
In case of vapour cloud explosion, two physical effects may occur:
* a flash fire over the whole length of the explosive gas cloud;
* a blast wave, with typical peak overpressures circular around ignition source.
As explained above, 100% lethality is assumed for all people who are present within the cloud
proper.
For the blast wave, the lethality criterion is based on:
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* A peak overpressure of 0.1 bar will cause serious damage to 10% of the
housing/structures.
* Falling fragments will kill one of each eight persons in the destroyed buildings.
The following damage criteria may be distinguished with respect to the peak overpressures
resulting from a blast wave:
DAMAGE DUE TO OVERPRESSURES
Peak Overpressure Damage Type
0.83 bar Total Destruction
0.30 bar Heavy Damage
0.10 bar
0.03 bar
Moderate Damage
Significant Damage
0.01 bar Minor Damage
From this it may be concluded that p = 0.17 E+5 pa corresponds approximately with 1%
lethality. Furthermore it is assumed that everyone inside an area in which the peak
overpressure is greater than 0.17 E+ 5 pas will be wounded by mechanical damage. For the gas
cloud explosion this will be inside a circle with the ignition source as its centre.
INTOXICATION
The consequences from inhalation of a toxic vapour/gas are determined by the toxic dose.
This dose D is basically determined by:
- Concentration of the vapour in air;
- Exposure duration.
Furthermore, of course, the breathing rates of the victim, as well as the specific toxic
mechanism unto the metabolism play an important role.
The dose is defined as D = Cn.t, with:
C = concentration of the toxic vapour, in [ppm] or [mg/m3];
t = exposure duration, in [sec] or [min];
n = exponent, mostly > 1.0; this exponent takes into account the fact that a high
concentration over a short period results in more serious injury than a low concentration over a
relatively longer period of exposure. The value of n should be greater than zero but less than 5.
The given definition for D only holds if the concentration is more or less constant over the
exposure time; this may be the case for a (semi) continuous source. In case of an
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instantaneous source, the concentration varies with time; the dose D must be calculated with
an integral equation:
D = Cn.dt
For a number of toxic materials, so-called Vulnerability Models (V.M.) has been developed. The
general equation for a V.M. (probit function) is:
Pr = a + b.ln (Cn.t), with
Pr = probit number, being a representation of the percentage of people suffering a
certain kind of damage, for instance lethality
Pr = 2.67 means 1% of the population;
Pr = 5.00 means 50% of the population;
a and b material dependent numbers;
Cn.t = dose D, as explained above.
The values for a and b are mostly derived from experiments with animals; occasionally,
however, also human toxicity factors have been derived from accidents in past. In case only
animal experiments are available, the inhalation experiments with rats seem to be best
applicable for predicting the damage to people from acute intoxication. Although much
research in this field have been done over the past decades, only for a limited number of toxic
materials consequence models have been developed. Often only quite scarce information is
available to predict the damage from an acute toxic exposition. Data transformation from oral
intoxication data to inhalation toxicity criteria is sometimes necessary. Generally, in safety
evaluations pessimistic assumptions are applied in these transformation calculations. The
calculated damage (distance) may be regarded as a maximum. For the purposes of a response
to a major incident, the IDLH value level has been chosen for the ‘wounded‘ criteria. This type
of injury will require medical attention.
7.4.2 MAXIMUM CREDIBLE LOSS ACCIDENT SCENARIOS
A Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) can be characterised as the worst credible accident. In
other words: an accident in an activity, resulting in the maximum consequence distance that is
still believed to be possible. A MCA-analysis does not include a quantification of the probability
of occurrence of the accident. Another aspect, in which the pessimistic approach of MCA
studies appears, is the atmospheric condition that is used for dispersion calculations. As per the
reference of the study, weather conditions having an average wind speed have been chosen.
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The Maximum Credible Loss (MCL) scenarios have been developed for the Facility. The MCL
cases considered, attempt to include the worst “Credible” incidents- what constitutes a credible
incident is always subjective. Nevertheless, guidelines have evolved over the years and based
on basic engineering judgement, the cases have been found to be credible and modelling for
assessing vulnerability zones is prepared accordingly. Only catastrophic cases have been
considered and not partial or small failures (as is the case in Quantitative Risk Assessment
where contributions from low frequency - high outcome effect as well as high frequency - low
outcome events are distinguished). The objective of the study is emergency planning, hence
only holistic & conservative assumptions are used for obvious reasons. Hence though the
outcomes may look pessimistic, the planning for emergency concept should be borne in mind
whilst interpreting the results.
7.4.2.1 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS CALCULATIONS
The Consequence Analysis has been done for selected scenarios. This has been done for
weather conditions having wind speed. In Consequence Analysis, geographical location of the
source of potential release plays an important role. Consideration of a large number of
scenarios in the same geographical location serves little purpose if the dominant scenario has
been identified and duly considered.
7.4.2.2 SOFTWARE USED FOR CALCULATIONS
PHAST MICRO: Phast is the most comprehensive software available for performing Process
Hazard Analysis (PHA), Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) and Financial Risk Analysis (FRA).
Our extensively validated software for consequence and risk assessment is used by
governments and industry helping them to comply with local safety regulation and their own
corporate best practice. Phast contains all the discharge, dispersion, effects and risk models you
will need to accurately assess all your major hazards and associated risks. Phast Consequence
provides you with comprehensive hazard analysis facilities to examine the progress of a
potential incident from the initial release to its far-field effects.
TOXIC AND FLAMMABLE IMPACT
It calculates the initial discharge, as the material expands from its storage conditions to
atmospheric, through dispersion, as the material mixes with air and dilutes, and the
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subsequent toxic or flammable effects. Phast includes a wide range of models for discharge
and dispersion as well as flammable, explosive and toxic effects.
DISCHARGE
Phast requires basic information about storage or process conditions and material
properties in order to perform discharge calculations
The software comes with an integrated material property database containing more
than 1,600 pre-defined pure component chemicals
Various discharge scenario options have been implemented to represent common
process failures, and model their behavior. These include:
Leaks and line ruptures from long & short pipelines
Catastrophic ruptures
Relief valve and disc ruptures
Tank roof collapse
Vent from vapour spaces
In building release effects
DISPERSION
The dispersion models within Phast are able to model the following phenomena
Dispersion of gas, liquid and two-phase releases
Liquid droplet thermo dynamics calculations and liquid droplet rainout
Pool spreading and vaporization
Building wake dispersion effects for vapour releases
FLAMMABLE EFFECTS
For releases of flammable material Phast calculates
Radiation profiles and contours from a range of fire scenarios including pool fires, flash
fires, jet fires and fire balls, including cross-wind effects on a jet fire
Vapour Cloud Explosion modeling using industry standards models including the TNO
Multi-energy, Baker Strehlow Tang and TNT Equivalence models
Overpressure contours from Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosions
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TOXIC EFFECTS
Graphs of toxic concentration profile
Indoor and outdoor toxic dose prediction
Reporting of distance to specific dose and concentration
Calculated exposure time and use as “averaging time” for passive dispersion effects
PHAST RISK
Phast Risk allows you to combine the flammable and toxic consequences from each scenario in
your QRA model with their likelihood to quantify the risk of fatalities. Phast Risk allows you to
take account of local population distribution, sources of ignition, land usage and local
prevailing weather conditions. It is designed to perform all the analysis, data handling and
results presentation elements of a QRA within a structured framework.
Phast Risk allows you to quickly identify major risk contributors so that time and efforts can be
directed to mitigating these highest risk activities. Based on effects calculations and population
vulnerabilities, Phast Risk can integrate over all scenarios and weather conditions to estimate
the total risk. The established individual and societal risk indicators are predicted by Phast Risk
across your facility and surrounding area using the classical QRA methodology. Risk ranking
reports can be produced at points of strategic importance to show the relative influence of the
various failure scenarios and their contribution to both the individual and societal risk metrics.
A key benefit of Phast Risk is the ability to identify major risk contributors and differentiate
these from incidents with worst case consequences which might otherwise dominate the
safety reviews. Whilst medium scale incidents have lesser consequences, they may have a
higher frequency, which, when combined with their hazardous effects, generate a higher level
of risk. Time and effort directed to mitigating high consequence but often low frequency
events may not be well spent. Phast Risk helps you direct this effort more effectively.
Phast Risk also provides facilities to help you manage large quantities of input data, including
scenarios, parameters, wind roses, ignition and population, and combine these in many ways.
This is critical when looking at sensitivity analyses and assessing the merits of a range of risk
reduction measures.
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BENEFITS
Facilitates cost reduction in terms of losses and insurance
Allows optimization of plant and process design
Assist in compliance with safety regulators
Enables quicker response to hazardous incidents
Improve engineer’s understanding of potential hazards
Regular software upgrades incorporate industry experience and expertise, and
advances in consequence modeling technology
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7.5 SCENARIOS
TABLE-7.4
POSSIBLE ACCIDENT SCENARIOS
SCENARIO MCL SCENARIO QUANTITY
1 Release of Carbon Black feedstock 6000 KL
2 Release of High Speed Diesel 150 KL
3 Release of HCl 40 KL
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SCENARIO-1
RELEASE OF CARBON BLACK FEEDSTOCK
Catastrophic Rupture
Input Data
Stored quantity - 6000 KL
Molecular weight – 12.011
Wind speed - 2.42 m/s
Density – 1.1 g/cm3
Results of Computations
Maximum distance at over pressure
Over Pressure 0.02068 1031.06 m
Over Pressure 0.1379 311.43 m
Over Pressure 0.2068 254.55 m
FLASH FIRE ENEVELOPE:-
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RADIATION VS DISTANCE FOR JET FIRE
CENTERLINE CONCENTRATION VS DISTANCE
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SCENARIO-2
RELEASE OF HSD
Catastrophic Rupture
Input Data
Stored quantity - 150 KL
Molecular weight - 175.18
Wind speed - 2.42 m/s
Density– 820 kg/m3
Results indicate
Flash Fire
Radiation Level
(KW/m2)
Distance in meter
37.5 Not Reached
12.5 Not Reached
4 Not Reached
CLOUD FOOT PRINT
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MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION FOOT PRINT
FLASH FIRE ENEVELOPE
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SCENARIO-3
RELEASE OF HCL
Catastrophic Rupture
Input Data
Stored quantity - 40 KL
Molecular weight -36.46
Wind speed - 2.42 m/s
Density– 1180 kg/m3
Results indicate
LC50 – 149 ppm 53.63 meter
IDLH – 5 ppm 1839.19 meter
TLV –0.75 ppm 3531.6 meter
RESULTS
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MEASURES TO BE TAKEN TO PREVENT SUCH ACCIDENT
Priority will be given to Tanker to immediately enter the storage premises at site and will not
be kept waiting near the gate or the main road.
Security person checks License, TREM CARD, Fire extinguisher condition, required PPEs as per
SOP laid down.
Store officer will take sample as per sampling SOP from sampling point.
After approval of QC department unloading procedure is allowed be started.
FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS WILL BE ADOPTED DURING UNLOADING
Wheel stopper is provided to TL at unloading platform.
Tanker unloading procedure is followed according to check list and implemented.
Flexible hose connection is done at TL outlet line and checked for no leakage.
The quantity remaining in the hose pipeline is drained to a small container, which will be
subsequently transferred to the main storage tank thus ensuring complete closed conditions
for transfer from road tanker.
All TL valves will be closed.
FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS WILL BE ADOPTED STORAGE OF SUCH CHEMICALS
Storage tank is stored away from the process plant.
Tanker unloading procedure is prepared and implemented.
Caution note and emergency handling procedure is displayed at unloading area and trained
all operators.
NFPA label is provided.
Required PPEs like full body protection PVC apron, Hand gloves, gumboot, Respiratory mask
etc. is provided to operator.
Neutralizing agent is kept ready for tackle any emergency spillage.
Safety shower, eye wash with quenching unit is provided in acid storage area.
Material is handled in close condition in pipe line.
Dyke wall is provided to all storage tanks, collection pit with valve provision.
Drain valve is provided.
Level gauge is provided on all storage tanks.
Safety permit for loading unloading of hazardous material is prepared and implemented.
TREM CARD is provided to all transporters and trained for transportation Emergency of
Hazardous chemicals.
Fire hydrant system with jockey pump as per TAC norms is installed.
MITIGATION MEASURES TO CONTROL EMERGENCY:
Safety Shower and eye wash is provided away from the tank and unloading station.
Sand bags/ buckets is provided near tank area.
Neutralizing medium (Lime and dry sand) is kept ready near tank farm.
Emergency siren and wind sock is provided.
Tele Communication system and mobile phone is used in case of emergency situations for
communication.
First Aid Boxes and Occupational health center is made at site.
Emergency organization and team is prepared.
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Full body protection suite and other PPEs will be kept ready in ECC at site.
Emergency team is prepared and trained for scenario base emergency. Like Toxic control
team, Fire control team, First aid team, communication and general administration team,
Medical team etc.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
SPILL OR LEAK
· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective
clothing.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside
container.
· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
SMALL SPILL
· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet
to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
· Use clean non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic
containers for later disposal.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
MEASURES TO BE TAKEN TO PREVENT SUCH ACCIDENT:
The installation of all the equipments will be as per guidelines of provision of Gujarat
Factories Rule 1963.
Priority will be given to Tanker to immediately enter the storage premises at site and will not
be kept waiting near the gate or the main road.
Plant Operator will take sample as per sampling SOP from sampling point.
After approval of QC department unloading procedure will be allowed be started.
In case of fire emergency, standard type of Firefighting equipments and fire extinguishers will
be provided in the storage area as well as required places in the plant.
Personnel protective equipment‘s will be provide to workers.
First Aid facility and First-aid trained person will be available at the time of chemical handling
operation.
FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS WILL BE ADOPTED DURING UNLOADING
Wheel stopper will be provided to TL at unloading platform.
Static earthing will be provided to road tanker.
Tanker unloading procedure will be followed according to check list and implemented.
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Flexible SS hose connection will be done at TL outlet line.
The quantity remaining in the hose pipeline will be drained to a small underground storage
tank, which will be subsequently transferred by nitrogen pressure to the main storage tank
thus ensuring complete closed conditions for transfer from road tanker.
All TL valves will be closed in TL.
Finally earthing connection and wheel stopper will be removed.
Only day time unloading will be permitted.
FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS WILL BE ADOPTED STORAGE OF SUCH CHEMICALS
Storage tank will be stored away from the process plant.
Tanker unloading procedure will be prepared and implemented.
Caution note and emergency handling procedure will be displayed at unloading area and
trained all operators.
NFPA label will be provided.
Required PPEs like full body protection PVC apron, Hand gloves, gumboot, Respiratory mask,
Nomex suit etc. will be provided to operator.
Neutralizing agent will be kept ready for tackle any emergency spillage.
Safety shower, eye wash with quenching unit will be provided in acid storage area.
Material will be handled in close condition in pipe line.
Dyke wall will be provided to all storage tanks, collection pit with valve provision.
Double drain valve will be provided.
Level gauge will be provided on all storage tanks.
Safety permit for loading unloading of hazardous material will be prepared and
implemented.
TREM CARD will be provided to all transporters and will be trained for transportation
Emergency of Hazardous chemicals.
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7.5.1 RISK ASSESSMENT SUMMARY
From the Risk Assessment studies conducted, it would be observed that by and large, the
risks are confined almost within the factory boundary walls.
Based on these studies company has been proposed to plan its facility sitting as well as
location of operator cabin, open area, etc.
Company has to increase awareness programme in the surrounding vicinity and educate
people for safe evacuation at the time of toxic release.
Induction safety course to be prepared and trained all new employees before starting duties
in plant.
A HAZOP study to be carried out for all product plant and storage facilities.
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7.6 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
7.6.1 OBJECTIVE
To establish a method of systematic, safe and orderly evacuation in the least possible time,
to a safe area or by the nearest safe means of way out.
Control the accidents.
Rapid control and containment of hazardous situation.
Rescue and treatment of casualties.
Safeguard people (both at site and neighborhood).
Minimize damage to property and environment.
Identify casualties, notify their relatives and render necessary help to them.
Proper training of the concerned person.
Prevent recurrence.
Be capable of dealing with largest incident that can reasonably be foreseen.
Have sufficient flexibility with a view to handling the emergency efficiently and avoiding
unnecessary calling external agencies like fire brigade services.
7.6.2. BASIC FORMS OF EMERGENCY
Fire
Explosion
Toxic release
Natural disaster (earth quake, flooding, tsunami etc.)
A combination of more than one
7.6.3. TYPES OF EMERGENCY
7.6.3.1 ON-SITE EMERGENCY
An accident/ incident that take place in a factory, with effects being confined to the factory
premises, involving only the persons working in the factory and the property inside the factory
is called On-site Emergency. It can further be classified as minor and major emergency based on
severity of the incident.
7.6.3.2. MINOR EMERGENCY (EVACUATION IS NOT REQUIRED)
In the case of minor emergency there is no need for an evacuation siren and the respective
department personnel will handle the same with assistance of Safety Squad.
7.6.3.3. MAJOR EMERGENCY (EVACUATION IS REQUIRED)
In case of major emergency, there must be an emergency siren and situation is tackled as per
the plan.
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7.6.3.4. OFF-SITE EMERGENCY
If the accident is such that it affects inside the factory uncontrolled and it may spread outside
the factory premises, it is called as Off-site Emergency.
Assessment reveals that an Off-site emergency is a very remote possibility in the factory. If
situation dictates, local police may be availed to warn and advice the local public on mitigation
in an emergency situation.
7.6.4. ON SITE EMERGENCY PLAN IN PLACE WITH PCBL
7.6.4.1. PURPOSE
The main purpose of preparing “On-Site Emergency plan” is to define responsibility for
individuals and teams to control and mitigate emergency situation in a systematic way without
affecting adjacent building, neighboring industry and public of the surrounding vicinity.
7.6.4.2. EMERGENCY ORGANIZATION
The effective control of emergency situations depends upon the way in which the individual
and team acting during emergency in an appropriate time. So this is very essential to identify
key individual and teams for fixing specific responsibility as part of emergency organization to
avoid confusion.
The following are the important key persons and team identified as part of emergency
organization.
1. Emergency Identifier.
2. Incident controller
3. Chief controller.
4. Works Controller.
5. Liaison Team.
6. Fire and Safety Team.
7. First aid Team.
8. Environmental Team.
9. Internal communication Team.
10. Task force team.
7.6.4.3. INDIVIDUAL AND TEAMS ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
The following are the individual and team responsibility of emergency organization. PCBL (TN)
LIMITED may assign the following roles to their responsible employees as applicable. Some
suggested responsibility bearers may be Plant Manager, Head-MAINTENANCE, Head-QC, Head-
E&I, Head-OPERATION, Head-HSE, etc.
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INCIDENT IDENTIFIER
The person who is noticing an incident is called “Incident Identifier”. After noticing the incident
he has to take the following action immediately.
1. In case of major incident, to inform the shift in charge about the incident. While informing,
he has to tell his,
Name: ----------------
Location: ----------------
And nature of Incidents likes Fire, Solvent leakage and Gas leak, etc.
2. Shout about the Incident like “Fire! Fire or “Leak! Leak” to gather people for help.
SHIFT IN CHARGE /MANAGER
After receiving the information from Incident Identifier, the following are the action to be taken
by Shift in Charge or Manager of the particular location:
1. Assess the situation and inform the Works controller.
2. Try to evacuate the people in that area including contract workers.
3. Act as the incident controller till works controller reaches the spot.
4. After handing over the charge to works controller, he should take the lead of controlling the
situation with the available resource.
Note: In the absence of shift in charge the next responsible person should act as shift in charge.
CHIEF CONTROLLER
The following are the roles and responsibility of Chief controller during an emergency:
1. After receiving the communication about the emergency he should reach the emergency
control centre and take the control actions to control the overall incident.
2. Keep communicating to works controller about the action to be taken to control the
emergency either directly or through internal communication team.
3. Send the required team to the emergency site to attend the emergency as per the
requirement of works controller.
4. Inform external agencies like fire brigade, ambulance or other vehicles through coordinator
for liaison team.
5. Arranging additional protective equipment through mutual help scheme through liaison
coordinator.
6. Instruct security department to close the gate and stop loading and unloading activities
inside the plant and move the vehicles to safe location.
7. Keep informs higher authorities either through liaison coordinator or by himself. Keep inform
to kith and skin of the affected victims through liaison coordinator.
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8. Keep informs all the necessary statutory authorities through liaison coordinator.
9. Keep inform to respective hospitals for arranging treatment for victims through liaison
coordinator.
10. Instruct liaison coordinator to receive press and media and keep them in conference hall.
WORKS CONTROLLER
After receiving the communication from incident controller and ensuring the incident to be a
major one, he has to report to the chief controller about the incident and ask him to declare an
emergency.
1. Arrange for the evacuation of the people.
2. Instruct shift in charges of respective plant and adjacent plant to stop the operation if
needed.
3. Instruct electrical department to isolate the power.
4. Guiding the people to control and content incident.
5. Directing the team leader to take action according to their responsibility.
6. Communicating various actions taken to control the incident to Chief controller either
directly by phone or through internal communication coordinator.
7. Informing to Chief controller about the external help as per mutual agreement.
8. Informing to Chief controller about help of external fire brigades.
9. Instruct environmental team to contain the effluent water without getting mixed with storm
water gutter.
10. Instruct safety and firefighting team to use right type of extinguishers and use hydrant
system for fighting fire.
11. Instruct safety and firefighting team to supply sufficient numbers of personal protective
equipment to meet the emergency.
LIAISON TEAM
Immediately after receiving the communication about emergency, he should reach the
emergency control centre and act as follows:
1. Carefully receive the instruction from Chief controller and act accordingly.
2. Instruct security to regularize the manpower at the assembling point.
3. Instruct security to close the gate and restrict unwanted movement.
4. Inform kith and skin of the affected victim as per the instruction of Chief controller.
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5. Receive representative from Press and Media and ask them to stay in conference hall and
inform to chief controller.
6. Inform all the statutory authorities as per the instruction from Chief controller.
7. Arrange additional transport including ambulance as per the instruction of Chief Controller.
8. Arranging food and other facilities for emergency team members and others.
9. Keep informed hospital authorities for necessary arrangements for treating the victims.
10. Make way for moving ambulance.
11. Instruct security guards to move lorry/ tankers to safe location.
12. Instruct security guards to evacuate contractor workers available inside the plant to
assembling Point I or II depending upon the wind direction.
13. Receive statutory authorities and inform to chief controller.
FIRE AND SAFETY TEAM
After receiving the communication about the emergency, he should reach the Emergency
control centre along with Fire Squad and Fire Guards and report to the chief controller and act
as follows:
1. Try to extinguish the fire using suitable type of fire extinguishers or fire hydrant system or
foam (AFFF) depending upon the material involved.
2. Instruct fire guard to barricade the area.
3. Ensure supply of necessary personal protective equipment and inform works controller to get
additional equipment as per the mutual scheme.
4. In case of leakage of chemicals, instruct people to contain the leakage by provide barricade
using sand without mixing into storm water gutter by using necessary personal protective
equipment.
5. Helping first aid team to shift the victims.
6. Instruct one of the fire squad to ensure fire water pump is running.
7. Inform different action taken to control the emergency to works controller.
8. Note: In the absence of Head safety, the person next to him will act as the coordinator.
FIRST AID TEAM
After receiving the communication about the emergency, he should reach the Emergency
control centre along with first aid team and report to the Chief controller and act as follows:
1. Organize the first aid team and arrange first aid treatment to the affected persons.
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2. To arrange for immediate medical attention.
3. After getting head count details search for missing person.
4. Coordinate with Liaison coordinator for transporting the victims to the hospital.
5. To arrange for required medicines.
ENVIRONMENT TEAM
After receiving information about the emergency, he should reach the spot of emergency along
with his team and report to chief controller and take the following action.
1. Contain the effluent generated during emergency and divert it to ETP without getting mixing
up with storm water.
2. Monitor the surrounding area and inform to works controller in case of any deviation.
3. Mobilize suitable neutralizing agent through raw material stores.
4. Ensure ETP collection tank is empty.
Note: In the absence of Head environment, the person next to him will act as the coordinator.
INTERNAL COMMUNICATION TEAM
After receiving the communication about the emergency, he should reach the spot of
emergency and report to Incident controller and act as follows:
1. Communicate the information given by Chief controller then and there to works controller by
nearby intercom or by person and vice a versa
2. Make all the necessary arrangements for communication system in case of failure of any
system Note: In the absence of Head Instrumentation, the person next to him will act as the
internal communication team coordinator.
TASK FORCE TEAM
After receiving the communication about the emergency, he should reach the spot of
emergency and report to Incident controller and act as follows:
1. Ensure evacuation of peoples and inform to Works controller.
2. Inform chief controller about the stoppage of loading and unloading of lorry tanker and safe
parking the same.
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3. Helping other teams like First aid and Liaison for arranging infrastructure for shifting victims.
4. Arranging critical equipment as per the instruction of chief/works controller.
5. Use appropriate personal protective equipment and arrange for transferring of chemicals
either into spare tank or suitable container.
6. Action to be taken for arranging sufficient number of barrels for transferring of chemicals.
Use appropriate personal protective equipment and arrests the leak.
7. Communicating works/chief controller about the additional facility needed for controlling
either Toxic chemical leak or Gas leak.
8. Cut off the power as per the instruction of works Controller.
9. Ensure running condition of the DG.
Note: In the absence of Head Maintenance, the person next to him will act as coordinator.
7.6.4.4. EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION FACILITY
The effective communication is must to alert both people and emergency action teams to take
action in controlling emergency in a stipulated time.
The following are the communication system, limited to communicating emergency situation,
may be considered:
1. Siren System for common evacuation.
2. Siren system for Toxic release.
3. Public Announcement System.
4. Local alarm for fire.
5. Megaphone
6. Walkie Talkie
SIREN SYSTEM
The following are the two different types of siren used for communicating emergency.
Wailing siren.
I. Wailing siren is used for declaring emergency. This is the type of siren having high and low
frequency for the duration of 90 seconds.
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Continuous siren.
II. This is the type of siren used for declaring all clear about the emergency. This is the
continuous siren of high frequency for a period of 90 seconds.
“Beep” sound for Toxic gas release.
PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT SYSTEM
The Public Announcement System via megaphone, etc., is provided for the effective
communication about the Nature of emergency and its location so as to mobilize the individuals
and action team to take timely action to control emergency without damaging men, property
and environment.
This system is also used for communicating to the general public in the surroundings, about the
emergency and various actions taken to control.
DECLARATION OF EMERGENCY
Both emergency siren and announcement will be operated from emergency control centre.
After receiving the information about emergency, the Security who is available in emergency
control centre will note down,
1. Name of the person intimated about emergency.
2. Nature of Incident.
3. Location.
After getting the instruction from chief controller, he actuates the wiling Siren for around 90
Seconds followed by Announcement given by using public announcement system and inform
about the Nature of emergency and location.
DECLARATION OF ALL CLEAR
After controlling an emergency, based on the environment team report, works controller will
inform Chief controller to declare all clear siren to allow people to resume their jobs. Based on
the report from both works controller and Head count from HR, chief controller will instruct
emergency control centre operator to declare “All Clear” using both siren and public
announcement.
The security guard will actuate the “All Clear” siren of continuous high frequency for 90
Seconds and then inform through public announcement system stating” Emergency is cleared!
All should resume their work”.
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7.7 OFFSITE EMERGENCY PLAN
7.7.1. PREAMBLE
An offsite emergency, arising out of chemical hazards is one which has potential to cause
serious damage or loss of life beyond the plant boundary. In addition, Accidents during
transportation of hazardous chemicals by road, rail, pipeline etc, can cause offsite emergencies.
Emergency services such as Police, Fire, Medical etc., need to be prepared to handle such
situations promptly and effectively. It is mandatory under Rule 16 of the Hazardous Chemical
Rules for District authorities to prepare an off-site emergency plan in respect of clusters of
hazardous chemical industries or at locations where accidents are likely to have an off-site
adverse effect. In order to be in a state of preparedness to respond to the accidents and
minimize their adverse impacts on the offsite population, requires an offsite emergency plan to
be prepared by the District Controller for every District or Industrial Areas as applicable.
7.7.2. OBJECTIVE
The objective of the present assignment is to prepare an area specific Offsite Emergency Action
Plan for the district which can be practically implemented / activated at a short notice to ensure
minimal impact on life and property due to emergencies arising out of Chemical Accidents or
during Transportation of Hazardous Chemicals in the district.
The plan should be regularly updated when there are changes occurring in the Industrial set up,
Transportation Aspects, Key Manpower and Administrative Changes etc., Regular drills, Training
of key persons, increasing safety awareness etc is extremely important areas that must be
looked into for sound preparedness.
7.7.3. OFFSITE EMERGENCY CONTROL
After the “Bhopal Gas Tragedy” (Methyl Isocyanides- MIC Poisonous and toxic gas release
Accident at Union Carbide, 1984) the Government felt an immediate need to be more
conscious about handling of Hazardous Chemicals. Central control room Centre or Offsite
Industrial Emergency Control Room “OIECR” should be established by company. It should work
under the Governing Council. The Governing Council should be headed under the chairmanship
by District Collector & Magistrate.
The Governing Council Members are the permanent Ex. Officio Members to manage the affairs
of the Emergency Control Room.
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7.7.4. EMERGENCY INSTRUCTION TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC
The Notification of Emergency
The emergency can be declared by following media to alert or alarm the public;
Public address system
Blow horns/Bells
Sirens / Hooters
Telephone message / Fax Messages / Hot lines/ Pager / E-mail / Mobile Phone / Satellite
system.
Sending messages through a messenger.
Rushing personally to the Central Control Room or to the nearest Police Department or Fire
Department for declaration of emergency.
Rising of Flag for denoting the level of natural calamities.
By any other source by which information can reach to the public in time.
CATEGORY OF ALARM SYSTEMS
The following alarm system may be considered which will identify the various levels of
emergency.
FIRST LEVEL WARNING (FIRE ALARM)
For an accident / incident within the unit
Siren – Short, intermittent
SECOND LEVEL WARNING
When the District Authority receives information that a toxic or flammable gas has leaked
then the siren has to be sounded in order to facilitate early evacuations from the unit.
Siren – A wailing short and long intermittent siren notification of emergency.
THIRD LEVEL WARNING (ALL CLEAR)
When the District Authority considers that the accident / incident is under control, emergency
is withdrawing and it is safe for re-entry.
Siren – A wailing, long and continues, intermittent siren.
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FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
In order to tackle great risk of fire explosion, spillage of hazardous liquid or release of toxic
gases, firefighting system should be mobilized under chief fire officer. The operational response
will be coordinated from the Central Control Room.
GENERAL INSTRUCTION TO THE PUBLIC
A major emergency may affect areas outside the worksite. The surrounding public must be
alerted with public address system by Police or Government Authorities or nearby industrial
concerns. The siren must blow to indicate the emergency situation aroused.
The type of emergency aroused, must be communicated via telecommunication sources
(Television, Radio, etc). The public may accordingly take prompt action to protect them-selves
in their then location or rush to the safe shelters, as instructed by the authority.
Public action must be to investigate the type of emergency aroused.
Fire
Explosion
Gas Leakage / Release
Collapse of Building, Bursting of Vessel etc.
Natural Calamities.
If gas leakage emergency aroused, ascertain probability of gas whether flammable, toxic or
poisonous. The following actions are suggested as per prevailing situation: Otherwise follow the
instruction as issued by the authority.
FLAMMABLE GAS:
Be calm.
Do not light Cigarette etc.
Shut down open flame, gas and electrical instruments or any source of ignition.
Do not move any vehicle in the area.
Do not go near the incident & don’t allow anyone else either.
Shut down the windows, doors etc & seal open ground or terrace.
Follow the instruction as directed by the authority.
TOXIC POISONOUS GAS
Cover your nose with wet hand kerchief/ cloth and breathe through it.
Come out in open, check the wind direction and move away quickly in perpendicular
direction of wind. (Cross wind direction).
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Immediately try to get to a higher elevation, if gas is heavier than air (like chlorine, as it
settles in low lying area).
Follow the instruction and reach safe shelter as instructed notified by Government
Authority or Public authority.
GENERAL INSTRUCTION:
DON’T
1. Do not get panicky, be calm.
2. Do not approach the site of incident as a spectator.
3. Does not approach unnecessarily for information or more enquires.
4. Do not allow unnecessarily crowd nearby incident place.
5. Do not believe in rumours unnecessarily.
DO’S
1. Listen radio, TV or Public Addressing System.
2. Emergency will be communicated by public addressing system / TV / Radio or siren (Siren-
code wailing sound for one minute).
3. Follow the instruction & convey to others accordingly.
4. On announcement of withdrawal of emergency or clearance Siren, start your routine work.
5. On enquiry, deposit your statement as required by authority at the time of investigating the
incident.
6. Co-operate, help and assist the person(s) / authority handling the emergency and rescue
operation.
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7.7.5. SECURITY & POLICE
Security, protection of life & property and traffic control & maintenance of law and order
should be taken care of by police. During an emergency duties and responsibilities of the police
may be:
Cordoning of the incident area.
Warning public about the hazards.
Traffic Control Assist firefighting.
Services Assist first-aid medical teams.
Assist evacuation and ensure protection of property in evacuated areas.
BEFORE THE CRISIS
Proper planning of manpower, transport and communication network to coordinate possible
incident areas and regulation of traffic should be made for each industry in the area.
DURING THE CRISIS
The Security Commander of the area will set in motion the relevant contingency plan to control
the operation.
AFTER THE CRISIS
Protect property in the evacuated area.
MEDIA
The Control Room should release up-to-date information through the media to the people.
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7.8 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARD AND SAFETY PROGRAM FOR THE PROJECT
Occupational Health is eventually a branch of preventive medicine which examines the
relationship between work and health and effects of work on the health of the worker.
Occupational health service is operated to achieve the statutory declared aim of occupational
health by medical and technical measures. Its role is mainly preventive and to give first aid and
emergency treatment. It is certainly useful in early detection of any occupational or non-
occupational disease or any man-adjustment of the man-job relationship.
7.8.1 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAM:
1. Medical examinations: Pre-employment, periodic and others
2. Supervision of the working environment industrial hygiene, safety, job analysis and
adaptation of the job to the worker in good working conditions.
3. Advice to management and worker.
4. Health education and training.
5. Health statistics.
6. Medical treatment-first aid, emergency and ambulatory treatment.
7. Health counseling-individual.
8. Nutrition.
9. Research in occupational health.
10. Co-operation with other services in the undertaking.
11. Collaboration with external services.
Other purposes of industrial medical services are:
I) Identifying the Hazards
II) Preventing or minimizing the Hazards
III) Curative treatment in case of exposure
IV) Determining the Compensation for damages
The working personnel shall be given the following appropriate personnel protective
equipments.
Industrial Safety Helmet;
Face shield
Welders equipment for eye and face protection;
Ear muffs;
Self contained breathing apparatus;
Leather apron;
Aluminized fiber glass fix proximity suit with hood and gloves;
Boiler suit;
Safety belt/line man's safety belt;
Leather hand gloves;
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Acid/Alkali proof rubberized hand gloves;
Canvas cum leather hand gloves with leather palm;
Electrically tested electrical resistance hand gloves; and
Industrial safety shoes with steel toe.
EXPECTED OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS & SAFETY
Physical Hazards: Noise, Heat, Dust
Chemical Hazards: Corrosive, Toxic Substances, Irritants, Carcinogens, Chemical emissions
Psychological hazards resulting from stress and strain
Hazards associated with the non-application of ergonomic principles, for example badly
designed machinery, mechanical devices and tools used by workers, improper seating and
workstation design, or poorly designed work practices
7.8.2 PERIODIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION
It is proposed that client will ensure that…
(1) Workers employed shall be medically examined by a qualified medical practitioner/Factory
Medical Officer, in the following manner:
(a) Once in a period of 6 months, to ascertain physical fitness of the person to do the
Particular job;
(b) Once in a period of 6 months, to ascertain the health status of all the workers in respect of
occupational health hazards to which they are exposed and in cases where in the opinion of
the Factory Medical Officer it is necessary to do so at a shorter interval in respect of any
workers;
(c) In periodic and pre-medical examinations, various parameters will be checked. Viz., LIVER
FUNCRION TESTS, Chest X-rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far& Near vision, color
vision and any other ocular defect) ECG and other parameters as will be found necessary as per
the opinion of Factory Medical officer.
(2) No person shall be employed for the first time without a certificate of granted by the
Factory Medical Officer.
7.8.3 EMP FOR THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH HAZARDS SO THAT SUCH EXPOSURE
CAN BE KEPT WITHIN PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVEL (PEL)/THRESHOLD LEVEL VALUE (TLV) SO
AS TO PROTECT HEALTH OF WORKERS.
Mitigation Measures for OSH: It is proposed to formulate and implement a structure for
Occupational Safety and Health with following aims…
To keep air-borne concentration of toxic and hazardous chemicals below PEL and TLV.
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Protect general health of workers likely to be exposed to such chemicals
Providing training, guidelines, resources and facilities to concerned department for
occupational health hazards.
It is proposed that this EMP be formulated on the guidelines issued by Bureau of Indian
Standards on OH&S Management Systems: IS 18001:2000 Occupational Health and Safety
Management Systems
Proposed EMP will be incorporated in Standard Operating Procedure also.
The proposed EMP will also include measure to keep air-born concentration of toxic and
hazardous chemicals below its PEL and TLV, like…
– Leak Surveys
– Separate storage for toxic chemicals
– Exhaust Ventilation
– Proper illumination
– Close processes to avoid spills and exposures
– Automation of process operations to hazards of manual handling of chemicals
– Supply of proper PPEs like Air mask, Berating canisters, SCBA sets, On-line breathing
apparatus at the places where there is possibility of presence of toxic chemicals
– Decontamination procedure for empty drums and carboys.
– Regular maintenance program for pumps, equipment, instruments handling toxic and
corrosive chemicals
– Training to persons handling toxic and corrosive chemicals
7.8.4 ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENSURING HEALTH & SAFETY OF WORKERS ENGAGED IN
HANDLING OF TOXIC MATERIALS
The top management is committed towards safety & employees’ well-being is the numerous
no and safety always takes precedence over production.
Each and every process will be assessed with safety tools like HAZOP, JSA, PSSR, JRA etc.
Emergency Response Team will be formed and mock drills will be conducted regularly.
Appropriate engineering controls will be provided to prevent any mishap.
Scheduled preventive maintenance will be carried out in the plant including that of safety
equipment.
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Standard Operating Procedures will be provided to workers to ensure that all the work is
done in a safe manner.
Signage’s will be provided wherever required, instructing them to use PPEs and other safety
equipment.
MSDS will be displayed at strategic locations. PPE matrix, Brief SOPs and chemical
compatibility charts shall be displayed at prominent locations.
Contract workmen will be imparted induction training, Safety training on process and Health
& safety awareness on a regular basis.
Well established permit to work system will be in place.
All incidents including near misses will be investigated and learning’s will be shared with all
relevant personals.
All employees will undergo pre employment& periodical medical check-up ensuring their
well-being.
Workplace monitoring will be carried out to ensure there will no adverse health effect on
workers.
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7.8.5 WORKPLACE MONITORING PLAN
It is proposed that a Workplace Monitoring Plan to be prepared & implemented in
consultation with FMO and industrial hygienists.
Each workplace must be evaluated to identify potential hazards from toxic substances or
harmful physical agents. Air-borne concentration of toxic chemicals will be measured and
record will be kept.
The current state-of-the-art exposure measurement model is as follows: For purposes of
measuring worker exposure across a single shift it is sufficient to place a reasonably accurate
exposure measuring device on the worker, within the worker’s breathing zone, and have it
operate for nearly the full shift. Client will propose to study the exposure data when the plant
is operative.
Permanent changes to workplace procedures or work location to be done if it is found
necessary on the basis of findings from workplace Monitoring Plan.
7.8.6 HEALTH EVALUATION OF WORKERS
It is proposed that management will devise a plan to check and evaluate the exposure specific
health status evaluation of workers.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD is committed towards the Health and Safety of workers and provided a
facility of pre-medical and regular medical check-up of employees for detecting any kind of
adverse effect on the health of employee due to the chemical or work place condition and will
provide opportunity to improve the working condition. The workers exposed to fugitive emission
will be provided with some protective devices like dust mask to prevent respiratory disorders. The
workers exposed to higher noise level will be provided with ear muffs/ ear plugs. The protective
devices will be provided to the employees who are exposed to any kind of hazard. Proper
handling of the materials and the maintenance of Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) will be
followed to ensure safety within the plant area. A regular monitoring of the Occupational Health
and Safety will reduce the chances of accidents hence all the records of job related accidents and
illness shall be maintained as per the requirements of factory act.
Workers will be checked for physical fitness with special reference to the possible health hazards
likely to be presented where he/she is being expected to work before being employed for that
purpose. Basic examinations like Liver Function tests, chest x ray, Audiometry, Spirometry Vision
testing (Far & Near vision, color vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, etc. will be carried out.
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However, the parameters and frequency of such examination will be decided in consultation with
Factory Medical Officer and Industrial Hygienists.
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7.9 SAFETY PLAN
Safety of both men and materials during construction and operation phases is of concern.
Safety plan shall be prepared and implemented in the proposed project activity. The
preparedness of an industry for the occurrence of possible disasters is known as emergency
plan. The disaster in the plant is possible due to collapse of structures and fire/explosion etc.
The proposed project would formulate safety policy keeping in view the safety requirement
during construction, operation, maintenance phases, with the following regulations:
To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions of work;
To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in the design,
construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machinery and equipment;
To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees;
To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and clothing and to
ensure their proper use;
To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their work which are
known to be potentially hazardous to health or safety;
To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making necessary
changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience and up to date
knowledge;
To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries and illness at
work;
To provide appropriate instruction, training, retraining and supervision to employees in
health and safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these matters;
To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention methods and an appropriate fire
fighting service together with training facilities for personnel involved in this service;
To organize collection, analysis and presentation of data on accident, sickness and incident
involving people injury or injury to health with a view to taking corrective, remedial and
preventive action;
To promote through the established machinery, joint consultation in health and safety
matters to ensure effective participation by all employees;
To publish/notify regulations, instructions and notices in the common language of
employees;
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To prepare separate safety rules for each type of occupation/processes involved in a plant;
and
To ensure regular safety inspection by a competent person at suitable intervals of all
buildings, equipments, work places and operations.
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7.10 SAFETY ORGANIZATION
CONSTRUCTION AND ERECTION PHASE
A qualified and experienced safety officer shall be appointed. The responsibilities of the safety
officer include identification of the hazardous conditions and unsafe acts of workers and advice
on corrective actions, conduct safety audit, organize training programs and provide professional
expert advice on various issues related to occupational safety and health. He is also responsible
to ensure compliance of Safety Rules/ Statutory Provisions.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHASE
When the construction is completed the posting of safety officers shall be in accordance with
the requirement of Factories Act and their duties and responsibilities shall be as defined
thereof.
7.11 SAFETY CIRCLE
In order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of hazardous
processes and improving safety and health, safety circles would be constituted in each area of
work. The circle would consist of about five to six employees from that area. The circle normally
shall meet for about an hour every week.
7.12 SAFETY TRAINING
Safety training shall be provided by the Safety Officers with the assistance of faculty members
called from Professional Safety Institutions and Universities. In addition to regular employees,
limited contractor labors shall also be provided safety training. To create safety awareness
safety films shall be shown to workers and leaflets shall be distributed.
Some precautions and remedial measures proposed to be adopted to prevent fires are:
Compartmentalization of cable galleries, use of proper sealing techniques of cable passages
and crevices in all directions would help in localizing and identifying the area of occurrence
of fire as well as ensure effective automatic and manual fire fighting operations;
Spread of fire in horizontal direction would be checked by providing fire stops for cable
shafts;
Reliable and dependable type of fire detection system with proper zoning and interlocks for
alarms are effective protection methods for conveyor galleries;
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Housekeeping of high standard helps in eliminating the causes of fire and regular fire
watching system strengthens fire prevention and fire fighting; and
Proper fire watching by all concerned would be ensured.
7.13 HEALTH AND SAFETY MONITORING PLAN
The health of all employees shall be periodically monitored for early detection of any ailment
due to exposure to heat and noise.
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7.14 TRAINING, REHERASAL & RECORDS
7.14.1 NEED OF TRAINNING & REHEARASAL
Training is important in order to –
Teach worker’s how to handle chemicals safely, how to act as a runner/messenger, how to
use PPE, how to start and shut down the plant, how to carry out emergency repairs etc.
Teach one to be a safe and alert worker.
Rehearsal is essential for -
Explaining and making key personnel and essential workers aware of their role in case of
an emergency.
Testing the emergency procedure, emergency arrangements and ability of all involved
with it to grasp the procedure and implement the same.
Testing the effectiveness of communication system including the alternative
arrangement in case of failure.
Testing the speed of mobilization of resources, search, rescue and treatment of
casualties, emergency isolation and shut down.
Detecting the shortcomings in the emergency plan and incorporating remedial
measures.
Allowing professional emergency services to test their parts of the plan and testing co-
ordination.
Building confidence in workers which is helpful in facing real situations.
Training shall be given to regular employees and contract personnel also. Effective and latest
teaching aids will be used to train workers and supervisory staff. Such training courses shall be
conducted once in a year and co-ordination with offsite personnel shall be sought during such
training. Records will be maintained for training.
7.14.2 RECORDS AND UPDATING THE PLAN
All records of On-Site and Off-Site Emergency Plan and modifications by experience and
suggestion, the rehearsals and conclusions of such plans and the enquiries shall be well
maintained and preserved. The necessary data bank shall be also maintained for the utility of
industries and others. New information and the deficiencies identified during the rehearsal is
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reviewed and incorporated in the document for continual updating of the plan and such
information shall be communicated to the concerned authorities.
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7.15 CHECKLIST IN THE FORM OF DO’S & DON’TS OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE,
STRENGTHENING OF HSE, MANUFACTURING UTILITY STAFF FOR SAFETY RELATED MEASURES.
Do’s:
Store used oil at proper place as per plant guidelines.
Use lubricating oil carefully to avoid spillage on ground.
Use lubricating oil as per requirement.
Use minimum amount of water wherever it is required as per plant guidelines.
Waste disposal system for all plants should be separate.
Avoid spillage of liquid, hand gloves, cotton waste on road, which will cause
pollution. Recycle or dispose that material.
Use cleaning equipment carefully. (i.e. cotton waste, oil & chemicals)
Place all the equipments (i.e. Fire Hose, Rubber Pipe and Chisel) at proper place.
Handling of chemicals should be as per plant guidelines to avoid undesired chemical
reaction.
Safety training and correct use of PPE’s must for all the employees.
Environment guidelines should follow during cleaning of vessels, Tank, channels etc.
Follow shift in charge’s instructions during loading or unloading of chemicals.
In case of fire or any accident, immediately inform responsible person.
In case of emergency, inform operator as well as control room.
Area of work during excavation, radiography, sand blasting shall be cordoned with
warning tags of "work in progress”, “no entry”, “radiography” in progress' etc.
Switch off lights and computers when not in use.
Shut the water cock properly when not in use.
Always follow safety rule during the plant operation.
Do’s during shut down:
All equipment, vessels, lines where hot work is envisaged shall be purged, flushed
thoroughly and positively isolated. Similar precautions should be taken for vessel entry
also.
Back flow of materials from sewers, drains should be avoided by proper isolations.
In case of confined space entry and other cleaning jobs etc. which are to be carried out by
the process department, vessel entry permit should be issued to immediate supervising
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officer/operator by shift in charge. This permit should be renewed by incoming shift in
charge during every shift.
Hoist, Platform, cages used for lifting persons or to send persons inside vessels by such
means must be of sound construction with wire ropes slings, etc. to avoid failure.
All steam, condensate, hot water connections should be made tight with clamps.
Nitrogen hazard should be kept in mind. All nitrogen sources should be positively isolated
from vessels/confined spaces to avoid oxygen deficiency where vessel entry is required.
All nitrogen hoses used for purging before vessel entry should be removed from
source/utility point.
All underground sewers shall be flushed, protected from sparks.
Full PPEs like PVC suits, gum boots, face shield & other required shall be used while
draining, flushing and other reclaiming activities to avoid burn, poisoning etc.
Wet asbestos cloth/metallic plate should be used to collect flying sparks.
Water, steam flushing, nitrogen blanketing shall be continued where spontaneous
combustion takes place. Precautions should be taken for pyrophoric nature of material.
Temporary electrical connections, cords, boards and other electrical fixtures should be of
sound material to prevent electrical shock.
Oil spillage in the pit of oil slope tank should be cleaned with water/sand.
Proper approach like aluminum ladder should be provided to reach to the platforms of
scaffolding and ladder must be tied.
All clumps of scaffolding should be tightened properly and planks should be tied at both
ends and supported at proper distances along span to avoid sagging and failure.
Always use safety belt while working at height of more than 2 meters and ensure tieing the
life line of safety belt with firm support.
Ensure area cordoning for hot work, X-ray, excavation, hazard material temporary storage.
Ensure proper tagging of valves, switches etc to prevent its use.
Ensure proper guidance to workman and make him aware about local area hazards before
start of the job.
All welding machines should be provided with power isolation switch of suitable rating.
Portable electrical appliances/tools earthing should be in good working condition. Insulation
portion should be free from damages.
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All electrical cables should be joints free and connection taken by using three pin plugs.
While inserting fuse all care should be taken so that no one touches conductor to avoid the
shock to the persons.
During hydro jetting work workers should wear hand gloves, safety helmet goggles and PVC
suit.
Don’ts:
Do not use fire hydrant water for washing/bath purpose.
Do not use water for cleaning purpose, use broomstick if possible.
Do not wash or clean trolley, tractor or trucks which are used for chemical/fertilizer’s
transportation. Wash them at proper place.
Smoking & carrying matchbox, cigarettes, lighter, bidis etc. are prohibited.
Photography & carrying cameras/Mobile phones are strictly prohibited in all areas.
Do not spill liquid or chemicals in open atmosphere.
The use of Radio Active Source within the plant shall not be allowed without obtaining valid
permission/work permit and intimation in the form of a circular to all plant persons shall be
given in advance.
Unauthorized entry into any battery limit of plant is strictly prohibited.
Sitting or walking on rail tracks, crossing between wagons, taking rest under stabled
wagons, crossing the rail through the openings underneath the stationary wagons are
strictly prohibited.
Don’ts during shut down:
Do not use gasket or other blinds as it can fail during job. All blinds should be metallic.
No toxic/corrosive/irritating materials should remain plants or sections where hot work is to
be carried out.
No hot work should be permitted in battery limits near sewers till areas have been cleaned
flushed properly.
No hot work irrespective of place of area shall be done without valid permit.
No combustible material shall be there in flare line for taking up of flare line job. Isolations
shall be ensured.
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7.16 PROCESS SAFETY
Safety measures will be adopted from the design stage.
Safety Valve and pressure gauge will be provided on reactor and its jacket (if jacket is
provided).
Utility like Chilling, cooling, vacuum, steaming and its alternative will be provided to control
reaction parameters in a safe manner.
Free Fall of any flammable material in the vessel will be avoided.
Static earthing provision will be made at design stage to all solvent handling equipments,
reactors, vessels & powder handling equipments.
Any reaction upsets will be confined to the reaction vessel itself.
All emergency valves and switches and emergency handling facilities will be easily
assessable.
Further all the vessels will be examined periodically by a recognized competent person
under the Gujarat Factory Rules.
All the vessels and equipments will be earthed appropriately and protected against Static
Electricity. Also for draining in drums proper earthing facilities will be provided.
Materials will be transferred by pumping through pipeline or by vacuum from drums.
All solvents and flammable material storage tanks will be stored away from the process
plant and required quantity of material will be charge in reactor by pump or by N2 pressure
transfer.
Jumpers will be provided on all solvent handling pipeline flanges.
Caution note, safety posters, stickers, periodic training & Updation in safety and emergency
preparedness plan will be displayed and conducted.
Flame proof light fittings will be installed in the plant.
All the Plant Personnel will be provided with Personal Protection
Equipments to protect against any adverse health effect during operations, leakage,
spillages or splash. PPE like Helmets, Safety Shoes, Safety
Glasses, Acid-Alkali Proof Gloves etc. will be provided to the employees.
All employees will be given and updated in Safety aspects through periodic training in
safety.
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Material Safety Data Sheets of Raw Materials & Products will be readily available that the
shop floor
7.16.1 FOR HAZARDOUS STORAGE FARM
Farm will be constructed as per explosive department requirement and separation distance
will be maintained.
Tanks shall be located and marked in designated area of hazardous chemical storage.
Static earthing provision will be made for road tanker as well as storage tank.
Tanks of proper MOC will be selected.
Flame arrestor with breather valve will be provided on vent line.
Road tanker unloading procedure will be prepared and implemented.
Fire load calculation will be done and as per fire load Hydrant System will be provided as per
NFPA std. and Fire extinguishers will be provided as per fire load calculation.
Spark arrestor will be provided to all vehicles in side premises.
Flame proof type equipments and lighting will be provided.
Lightening arrestor will be provided on the top of chimney.
Trained and experience operator will be employed for tank farm area.
NFPA label (hazard identification) capacity and content will be displayed on storage tank.
Solvents will be transferred by pump only in plant area and day tank will be provided.
Overflow line will be return to the storage tank or Pump On-Off switch will be provided near
day tank in plant.
Jumpers will be provided on solvent handling pipe line flanges.
Flexible SS hose will be used for road tanker unloading purpose and other temperature
connection.
All tanks shall be uniformly tagged.
Level indicator shall be provided in tanks.
Dyke will be provided.
Industrial type electric fittings shall be provided.
Adequate fire fighting equipments will be provided.
Anti corrosive paint shall be done.
Safety instruction board will be displayed.
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7.16.2 TRANSPORTATION
Road tanker unloading procedure will be in place and will be implemented for safe
unloading of road tanker.
Static earthing provision will be made for tanker unloading.
Earthed Flexible Steel hose will be used for solvent unloading from the road tanker.
Fixed pipelines with pumps will be provided for solvent transfer up to Day tanks/reactors.
Double mechanical seal type pumps will be installed.
NRV provision will be made on all pump discharge line.
7.16.3 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
FIRE AND TOXICITY CONTROL ARRANGEMENT
1. Necessary equipment and facilities for controlling fire and toxicity like fire extinguisher,
hydrant system, foam storage, Safety shower and Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
will be provided as per Section 38 (1) in The Factories Act, 1948
2. Emergency siren for emergency declaration.
3. Safe means of escape for all persons in the event of a fire and toxicity
4. Emergency siren for emergency declaration.
5. Types of Portable Fire Extinguishers as below:
Sr.
No.
Type of Fire-Extinguisher Capacity
1 DCP Type F.E. 05 Kg / 10 Kg
2 CO2 Type F.E 4.5 Kg / 22.5 Kg
3 Mechanical Foam 9.0 Liter / 50 Liter
4 ABC Type F.E. 01 Kg / 05 Kg
6. Fire Blankets.
7. Safety interlocking systems with production equipments. And Flammable chemical
unloading,
FIRE ALARM
200 V AC operated fire alarm, with manual call points shall be provided in plant call points
location to start, activate alarm, siren shall be indicated in site plant provided in ECC, control
rooms and OHC. Zone indication is received at main gate. To identify problem area and
communicate to main gate security officer, coordinate with OHC / fire station, to organize help
to respective zones with ambulance and fire tender.
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7.17 HAZOP STUDY
7.17.1 OBJECTIVE
For identifying cause and the consequences of perceived mal operations of equipment and
associated operator interfaces in the context of the complete system. It accommodates the
status of recognized design standards and codes of practice but rightly questions therelevance
of these in specific circumstances where hazards may remain undetected.
7.17.2 PURPOSE OF HAZOP
It emphasizes upon the operating integrity of a system, thereby leading methodically to most
potential and detectable deviations which could conceivably arise in the course of normal
operating routine
- including "start-up” and "shut-down" procedures
- As well as steady-state operations.
It is important to remember at all times that HAZOP is an identifying technique and not
intended as a means of solving problems nor is the method intended to be used solely as an
undisciplined means of searching for hazardous scenarios.
7.17.3 FEATURES OF HAZOP STUDY
Subsystems of interest line and valve, etc
Equipment, Vessels
Modes of operation Normal operation
Start -up mode
Shut down mode
Maintenance /construction / inspection mode
Trigger events Human failure
Equipment /instrument/component failure
Supply failure
Emergency environment event
Other causes of abnormal operation, including
instrument disturbance
Effects within plant Changes in chemical conditions
Changes in inventory
Change in chemical physical conditions
Hazardous conditions Release of material
Changes in material hazard characteristics
Operating limit reached
Energy source exposed etc.
Corrective actions Change of process design
Change of operating limits
Change of system reliability
Improvement of material containment
Change control system
Add/remove materials
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How would hazardous during normal operation
Conditions detected? Upon human failure
Upon component failure
In other circumstances
Contingency actions Improve isolation
Improve protection
7.17.4 HAZOP STUDY PROCEDURE
• Procedure in HAZOP study consists of examining the process and instrumentation (P&I) line
diagram, process line by process line.
• A list of guide words is used to generate deviations from normal operation corresponding to
all conceivable possibilities.
• Guide words covering every parameter relevant to the system under review i.e. flow rate
and quality, pressure, temperature, viscosity, components etc.
• Flowchart for application of HAZOP is shown in figure.
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HAZOP STUDY FLOW CHART
GUIDE WORDS
NONE No forward flow when there should be
MORE More of any parameter than there should be, e.g. more flow,
more pressure, more temperature, etc.
LESS As above, but "less of" in each instance
PART System composition difference from what it should be
MORE THAN More "components" present than there should be for example,
extra phase, impurities
OTHER What needs to happen other than normal operation, e.g. start
up, shutdown, maintenance?
NONE e.g., NO FLOW caused by blockage; pump failure; valve closed
or jammed: leak: valve open; suction vessel empty; delivery side
over - pressurized: vapor lock; control failure
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REVERSE e.g., REVERSE FLOW caused by pump failure: NRV failure or
wrongly inserted; wrong routing; delivery over pressured; back-
siphoning; pump reversed
MORE OF e.g., MORE FLOW caused by reduced delivery head ; surging ;
suction pressurized ; controller failure ; valve stuck open leak ;
incorrect instrument reading.
MORE OF MORE TEMPERATURE, pressure caused by external fires;
blockage ; shot spots; loss of control ; foaming; gas release;
reaction; explosion; valve closed; loss of level in heater; sun.
LESS OF e.g., LESS FLOW caused by pump failure; leak; scale in delivery;
partial blockage ; sediments ; poor suction head; process
turndown.
LESS e.g., low temperature, pressure caused by Heat loss;
vaporization; ambient conditions; rain; imbalance of input and
output; sealing; blocked vent.
PART OF Change in composition high or low concentration of mixture;
additional reactions in reactor or other location; feed change.
MORE THAN Impurities or extra phase Ingress of contaminants such as air,
water, lube oils; corrosion products; presence of other process
materials due to internal leakage ; failure of isolation ; start-up
features.
OTHER Activities other than normal operation start-up and shutdown
of plant ; testing and inspection ; sampling ; maintenance;
activating catalyst; removing blockage or scale ; corrosion;
process emergency ; safety procedures activated ; failure of
power, fuel, steam , air, water or inert gas; emissions and lack
of compatibility with other emission and effluents.
7.17.5 PLANNING FOR HAZOP
• Safety procedures documents
• Relief/venting philosophy
• Chemical involved
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• Piping specifications
• Carry out the study
• Record the results
• Follow-up of actions noted
1. Final report contains resolution of all recommended actions.
2. Must appoint someone as leader to check progress of action.
3. Team may meet again if answers to questions do not simply lead to an action.
Team may meet again if significant design changes in interim report.
7.18 PUBLIC CONSULTATION
As per Para 7 (i) Stage III (3) (i) (b) of the EIA notification, 2006, all projects or activities located
within industrial estates or parks (item 7(c) of the Schedule) approved by the concerned
authorities, and which are not disallowed in such approvals.
The unit is located in Industrial Complex of SIPCOT (State Industries promotion Corporation of
Tamil nadu Limited). M/s. State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamilnadu obtained
Environmental Clearance from MoEFCC, New Delhi vide letter No. 21-41/2009. IA III dated:
09/08/2010. Hence Public Hearing is exempted.
7.19 REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT (R & R)
The unit is located in Industrial Complex of SIPCOT (State Industries promotion Corporation of
Tamil nadu Limited). Hence, R & R is not applicable to us.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 266
CHAPTER - 8
PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 BACKGROUND
M/S. PCBL (TN) LTD is a wholly owned subsidiary of M/s Phillips Carbon Black Limited (PCBL).
PCBL is the first Carbon Black company in the world to receive carbon credits. PCBL has
redefined its business by establishing captive power plants at each factory from the off-gas or
waste product from the carbon black manufacturing process thus creating a sustainable green
movement. The gas, a by-product of carbon black production, is harnessed for generating
electricity at the Company's Captive Power Plants (CPP), at Palej, Durgapur, Mundra and Kochi.
The Company has heavily cut down on carbon and gas emission, and serves green power to
Large Private industrial units and State Electricity utilities. At present, the combined production
capacity is 5.71 lakh ton/Annum. Now, PCBL (TN) LTD planned to set up a unit in SIPCOT
industrial park, Thervoy Kandigai. Proposed facility will be located at Plot No A7 of Thervoy
kandigai Village, SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Gummidipoondi Taluk, Tiruvallur District and Tamil
Nadu. The allotted land area is 60.02 Acres (242892.32 Sq.m). The land allotted from SIPCOT
industrial complex to the proponent for this proposed project.
The project scope involves in the production capacity of 1.925 lakh tone/annum in both rubber
and specialized carbon black products along with Captive power plant (37MW). These products
are widely used in tyres manufacturing, ink jet toners, printing newspaper and other such uses.
These product requirements are high in demand.
8.2 ENVIRONMENT
Their respect for the environment is reflected in their commitment & common objectives for
continuous efforts by ensuring environmentally sound practices followed at all levels. They not
only adhere to the statutory norms but have a holistic approach towards environmental
protection. The major environmental issues addressed are:
o Proposed manufacturing processes are studied in detail with a view to minimize
generation of liquid/gaseous waste streams as a part of continuous improvement.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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o Company will not aim at just pollution minimization but also to conserve energy,
improve process yields and product quality.
8.3 EXPORTS
Country will gain forex through exporting products.
Country will save valuable foreign exchange as import of these products will be reduced by
corresponding amount.
8.4 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. will give employment @ 425 Nos. of people based on qualification and
requirement. This new project will have employment opportunity for 1000 person during
construction phase (18 Months) and 425 persons during operation phase. Additional
employment opportunity for product dealers and distributors, and transport sectors for
product movements will increase the employment opportunity indirectly.
8.5 PROJECT BENEFITS
The benefit of the proposed Carbon Black project with Captive power generation by M/s. PCBL
(TN) Limited includes:
1. The proposed project will create employment opportunities for the surrounding
populations directly or indirectly during and after plant setup, which will enhance the
overall growth of the surrounding regions.
2. The plant setup will create an environment of indirect employment for loading,
unloading, transportation and other peripheral activities including cultural, educational,
small industries and hotel industries around the area.
3. There will be positive socio-economic benefit to the region, which will help contribute to
the carbon black sector and tyre sector, and will assist in the overall growth of the
adjacent areas.
4. This is will help the domestic tyre and rubber goods manufacturing sector of the country
to get the raw material as per their requirement in time at cheaper rate.
5. Overall it will benefit the tyre industry as many of the major tyre industries of India are
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 268
located within 50km of range of the project.
6. Contribute to increase GDP.
7. Good Techno-commercial viability of the project.
8. The project proposes 37 MW of power generation from its waste gas which is a strong
pro-environmental initiative.
9. The project is a power positive proposal, i.e it generates more power than it consumes.
10. By providing captive power plant, there would be decreased load on the state electricity
grid.
11. The transmission loss due to captive power generation will be low.
12. The project site shall require no displacement of habitation and away from the habitation
area, as it is located inside the SIPCOT industrial area.
13. Socio-economic benefit to the locals as it would provide employment during construction
and in operation phase.
14. The project will undertake CSR/CER activities that will additionally benefit the socio-
economic development of the population living by.
15. The project will be surrounded by additional greenbelts.
16. Water is being planned to be recycled and reused in this project.
17. The project site will have special approach roads being developed by the government for
the SIPCOT purpose and thus will lead to hindrance free approach for transportation of
heavy equipment without causing any problems for the public.
18. The land allotted for the project site is flat and stable to increase its resistance against any
natural disturbances like earthquake.
19. The project site is above the flood level and thus will avoid any accident in case of any
severe rainfall spells.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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8.6 CER ACTIVITIES
Better education facilities, proper health care, road infrastructure and drinking water facilities are
basic social amenities for better living standard of any human being. PCBL (TN) Ltd. will provide
all basic facilities in the area, which will help in uplifting the living standards of local communities.
A limited number of youths among the employment category ‘laborers’ attained formal skills, also
striking disparity is observed among the two genders in terms of education and skill training.
Considering different employability pattern for different employment segments, the report
proposes customized actions for each category of worker. The report also tries to identify
employment category in need for external support to be capacitated to avail employment
opportunities in the scenario with no agriculture related economic activities. The industrialization
process is supposed to enhance economic growth and thereby social development of the
community. However, the process also affects villagers, their livelihoods. To retain the actual
objective of industrialization, a path of inclusiveness and mainstreaming.
PCBL (TN) Ltd. is committed to sustainable development and inclusive growth of its various
stakeholders including the society within which it operates. In line with this philosophy, the
Business is undertaking various socio, economic and environmental development programs to
improve the quality of life of rural poor in the area where it operates.
As per CER Notification, the 1.0% of project Cost (INR 615.0 Crore) i.e.6.15 Crores need to
spend for CER activities. As per OM- F. No. 22-23/2018-IA.III (Pt) Dated: 31.10.2019. As per the
Latest OM F.No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated: 30.09.2020, it will be spent as per EAC
recommendation and our proposal as follows:
Sl. No Activities under CER 2022-2027
1 Waste management facilities such as Bins, Battery auto for
garbage collection to local nearby villages Such as Teruvai,
Kollanur etc.
1.01
2 Greenbelt development in Nearby Villages Such as Teruvai,
Kollanur etc. 1.00
3 Solar lighting to nearby villages Such as Teruvai, Kollanur etc. 2.07
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4 Sanitation facilities to nearby Government Schools and colleges 2.07
Total 6.15 Crores
8.7 Corporate Social Responsibility
The company is aware of the obligations towards the society and to fulfil the social obligations,
company will employ semi-skilled and skilled labour from the nearby villages as much as
possible and also try to generate maximum indirect employment in the nearby villages by
appointing local contract workers. Around 2.5% of the annual profit will be spending for the
CSR activity. The following are proposed CSR activities which can be executed..
1. Books and basic infrastructures for the nearest School.
2. Common Toilet & lighting facility to the nearest village
3. Medical camps to the villagers
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 271
CHAPTER - 9
ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Environment
Environmental Cost Benefit analysis is a measured calculation for estimating relative merits and
demerits of a project. As per EIA Notification 2006, this Chapter ‘Environmental Cost Benefit It
refers to the economic appraisal of policies and projects that have the deliberate aim of
improving the environment or services that might affect environment positively or adversely as
an indirect consequence. There is a need to understand when CBA is used in practice and why
environmental decisions are often made in a manner apparently inconsistent with cost -benefit
thinking of positive impact on the environment. We should know what need to considered as
the core activity in environmental cost benefit analysis.
Environmental Cost Benefit:
1. The plant setup will create an environment of indirect employment for loading,
unloading, transportation and other peripheral activities including cultural, educational,
small industries and hotel industries around the area.
2. The project proposes 36 MW of power generation from its waste gas which is a strong
pro-environmental initiative
3. The project is a power positive proposal, i.e it generates more power than it consumes.
4. By providing captive power plant, there would be decreased load on the state electricity
grid
5. The transmission loss due to captive power generation will be low
6. The project site shall require no displacement of habitation and away from the habitation
area, as it is located inside the SIPCOT industrial area.
7. The project will undertake CSR/CER activities that will additionally benefit the socio-
economic development of the population living by.
8. The project will be surrounded by additional greenbelts
9. Water is being planned to be recycled and reused in this project
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ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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CHAPTER - 10
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1 BACKGROUND
The industry shall adopt a comprehensive Environmental Management Plan (EMP) which
covers several environmental protection measures, not only for abatement of environmental
pollution resulting from the project, but also for the improvement in the ambient
environment. The various components of the EMP are outlined in subsequent sections. An
EMP is a site-specific plan developed to ensure that all necessary measures are identified and
implemented in order to protect the environment and comply with environmental legislation.
10.2 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
To suggest the formation of a core group (Environment Management Cell) responsible for
implementation of environmental control & protective measures as well as monitoring of
such implementation.
To ensure project components comply with all laws and approval conditions.
Continue baseline monitoring.
Facilitate a continual review of post construction and operation activities.
To suggest preventive and mitigation measures to minimize adverse impact and to
maximize beneficial impacts like.
Preparation of Greenbelt Development scheme.
Preparation of rain water harvesting scheme and energy conservation actions.
To prepare a capital cost estimate and annual recurring cost for Environmental
Management Plan.
To prepare a detailed action plan for implementation of mitigation measures.
Measure the effectiveness and success of proposed mitigation measures.
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10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL
Apart from having an environmental management plan, it is also necessary to have a
permanent organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring effective implementation.
In this effect, M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. will assign responsibilities to officers from various
disciplines to co-ordinate the activities concerned with management and implementation of
environment control measures.
An organogram of Environment management cell is shown in Figure. This department shall
undertake the monitoring of environment pollution level by measuring stack emissions,
Ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, Noise level, etc. either departmentally or by
appointing external agency whenever necessary.
M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. shall carry out the regular monitoring in future as well as ensure that
pollution is limited below prescribed limits and shall take corrective action by providing new
pollution control equipment if required. In case the monitored results of environment
pollution are found to exceed the prescribed limits, remedial actions are taken through the
concerned plant authorities. The actual operation and maintenance of pollution control
equipment of each department is under respective department heads.
The environmental department shall also look after preparation and submission of Water
Cess Return, Environmental statement and Consolidated Consent & Authorization
application/ renewal under water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Ambient Air Quality as per NAAQS Standards,
2009 and Hazardous & Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules,
2016 under Environment Protection Act, 1986.
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ORGANOGRAM OF ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL
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10.3.1 Job Responsibility: INCHARGE - SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONEMNT
He is process owner of Safety & Environment Process.
Monitoring of Air, Water, noise and Land pollution and safety system.
Ensure Compliance To Various Govt. Regulations.
Approval & Provision of Safety Gadgets for Employees.
Maintenance of Fire Protection Systems.
Training Of Employees On Safety Systems.
Conduct Performance Drills for Fire Protection Systems.
Organize Training Programmes On Safety In Co-ordination With HR Department.
Safety Promotional Activities to Create Awareness among Employees.
Suggestions for Continuous Improvement of Work Environment.
Accident Investigation and Prevention Steps Initiation.
Efficient operation of ETP.
Coordinate with others for waste management.
In addition to the above, company will prepare a suitable policy to adhere with standard
operating process in order to comply with the statue and bring into focus any infringement of
any norms and directives with regards to the Health, Safety and Environment and to take
further corrective actions.
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10.3.2 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
10.3.2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY
M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. shall have a well laid environmental, health and safety policy as given
below.
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10.3.2.2 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY
To develop & to promote the technology having minimum pollution of Air, Water & Land.
Educating & promoting staff & workers for creating safe working atmosphere.
More & more tree plantation in the surrounding open area within site.
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10.4 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
The Environment Management plan is meant for mitigation/ management of the adverse
impacts and the strengthening positive impacts during proposed project.
10.4.1 EMP for Construction Phase
Environmental impacts during the construction phase can be attributed to the site
preparation activity and the mobilization of workforce. The impacts of the construction phase
on the environment would be basically of transient nature and are expected to wear out
gradually on completion of the construction programme. However, once the construction of
the project is completed and its operations started, these operation stage impacts would
overlap the impacts due to the construction activities.
In order to mitigate such impacts and restrict them within tolerable levels, the following
measures shall be adopted:
1. Proper and prior planning of approach and access roads, and appropriate sequencing
and scheduling of all major construction activities.
2. Adoption of appropriate soil conservation programme and its timely implementation
in the proposed project site.
3. Initiation of an appropriate landscape programme including plantation of trees and
flowering plants in and around the project site particularly, at all available spaces
which would serve the dual purpose of controlling fugitive dust and abatement of
noise levels in addition to improving the aesthetics of the area.
4. Water sprinkling in the vulnerable areas to suppress the dust generated during
excavation, levelling and other operations.
5. Use of properly tuned construction machinery & vehicles in good working condition
with low noise & emission and engines turned off when not in use.
6. Control of quality of construction wastewater within the construction site through
suitable drainage system with traps for arresting the sediment load for its proposed
disposal into the main natural drainage system around the site.
7. Implementation of suitable disposal methods of sediment/ construction debris at
designated places to avoid water logging at construction site.
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8. Provision of protective gears such as ear mufflers etc. for construction personnel
exposed to high noise levels and locating the temporary labour sheds for housing the
construction labourers away from the construction site.
10.4.2 EMP for Operational Phase
Monitoring during the operation phase will reflect those environmental and socio-economic
issues that may persist upon completion of construction activities. Monitoring will focus on
evaluating the effectiveness of project mitigation measures and continue baseline monitoring
and sampling. The mitigation measures to prevent adverse impact during the operation phase
of the project shall focus on the following:
1. Air quality
2. Noise environment
3. Water quality and water resources
4. Solid and hazardous waste
5. Land environment
6. Ecology
7. Socio Economic
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ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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10.4.2.1 BUDGETORY PROVISIONS FOR EMP
Adequate budgetary provisions have been made for execution of environmental management
plan. The details of capital and recurring (per annum) budget earmarked for pollution control,
operation and maintenance of pollution control facilities, for greenbelt development and
maintenance will be as given in Table 10-1.
TABLE - 10.1
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
Equipment Capital cost (lakh) Recurring cost (lakhs) per
Annum
Air Pollution Control
Boiler stacks-3 Nos
Bag filter-55 Nos
Dryer stack- 6Nos
VBC stack-6 Nos
Scrubbers - 6 Nos
1800
6420
900
180
180
940
Water Pollution Control (ETP, WTP,
MEE & STP) 2000 200
Noise Pollution Control 25.0 2.5
Ambient Air monitoring and online
system setup 75.0 7.5
Greenbelt Development 40.0 4.0
Storm Water and RWH Management 20.0 2.0
Waste Management 10.0 1.0
Total 11650 1157
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10.4.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT
The total water requirement for proposed manufacturing unit is 3583 KLD. Fresh water
requirement is 2785 KLD (In ToR application- 3731KLD) will be sourced from SIPCOT and total
recycle water will be 814 KLD.
Construction Phase
Proper management of surface water runoff shall be made. Soak pit will provide to dispose of
domestic waste water.
1. SIPCOT/Private Tankers are the only source of water during the construction phase.
2. Storehouse will be located away from the water storage area to prevent accidental
release or spillage.
3. Proper management of rain water run-off during monsoon and creating bunds to utilize
the rain water for construction purpose.
Operation Phase
Wastewater generated from the project will be treated in ETP and Zero Liquid Discharge
will be maintained, hence the impact due to the proposed project will be very minimal.
The sewage generated will be treated in STP of 50KLD and the treated sewage will be used
for green belt development.
Adequate spares for effluent collection, handling, treatment and disposal system should
be maintained.
Proper housekeeping should be adopted to prevent spillages and contaminated surface
runoff going to storm water drains.
The additional treated wastewater would also be utilized for various activities like
horticulture, fire water make-up, etc. The following measures would be taken to minimize
the water usage in the operational phase:
Endeavor to reduce the actual process water consumption by way of improvement in
operation of processing units.
Water saving by shower head flow controls, spray taps and faucet aerators and photo-
sensitive taps.
Exploring other options of reusing the treated effluent besides fire water make up or
for horticulture development.
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ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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10.4.3.1 PLANS FOR MANAGEMENT, COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF WASTE STREAMS TO
BE GENERATED FROM SPILLAGE, LEAKAGES, VESSEL WASHING, USED CONTAINER WASHING
ETC. MEASURES PROPOSED FOR PREVENTING EFFLUENT DISCHARGE DURING UNFORESEEN
CIRCUMSTANCES.
1. Proper housekeeping will be adopted to prevent spillages and contaminated surface runoff
going to storm water drains.
2. Contamination will be minimized due to the spillage, leakage, vessel & drum washing.
Washing water will be collected through appropriate channels and taken to ETP for
treatment. To avoid leaching entire washing area will be paved.
3. Company should make continuous efforts in waste minimization.
4. For the equipments and pipelines, leakage detection and repair will be scheduled to
minimize pollution.
5. Second wash of plant / equipment will be re-used as first wash in the same equipment /
reactor to reduce fresh water consumption.
6. Adequate spares for effluent collection and disposal system will be maintained.
10.4.3.2 RAINWATER HARVESTING
Rainwater harvesting is an important component of area wise resource use and
environmental management. The total amount/quantity of water i.e., received in the form of
rainfall over an area is called the rain water endowment of that area, out of which the
amount of water that can be effectively harvested is called the rain water harvesting
potential. The collection efficiency accounts for the fact that all the rain water falling over an
area cannot be effectively harvested due to losses on account of evaporation, spillage or run
off etc.,
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Rainwater Harvesting will be implemented at project site to conserve rainwater. Roof top
area, greenbelt/ green area, road/paved area and open areas proposed in the project site are
considered for rainwater which can be harvested. The approximate quantities of rainwater
that can be harvested at project site is summarized below
The equation used for run off estimation is based on CPCB guidelines on ‘Concepts and
Practices for Rain water Harvesting’- Oct 2001.The calculations are based on the following:
Average annual rainfall is 1442.0 mm based on 1970-2000 IMD data-Minambakkam
Average No of rainy days are 60.5
Run of co-efficient are considered as given by CPCB guidelines
Table 0-1 Rainwater harvesting calculation
Land Allocation Breakup Area (A)
in (Sq.m)
Run off
Coefficient
(C)
Intensity
of rainfall-I
(mm/day)
Total
Discharge-
Qp
(m3/day)
Roads Area 28000 0.7 67 1313.20
Common amenities (Security area,
MRS, Admin, Canteen, Pump house,
Switchyard)
10524 0.8 67
564.0.9
Green belt area 81315 0.15 67 817.22
Miscellaneous (Parking) 12365.53 0.7 67 579.94
Total Land area 132204.5 - - 3274.44
Design parameter:
Formula:
Discharge, Q= CIA (m3/day)
Where,
Q= Discharge (in m3/day)
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C=Coefficient of Runoff
I= Intensity of rainfall (in mm/day) (Max Flood in 2015- 335.2 mm for 5 days)
A= Area (in Sq.m)
Runoff calculation:
Total runoff Load = 3274.44 m3/day
Proposed RWH Pits: (100 % Harvesting)
Percolation rate is 50%, so total harvesting capacity of each pit per hour = 5.6 *1.5
= 8.4 m3
Total runoff load per hour = 3274.44/24 = 136.43 m3/Hr.
No of bore well pits proposed to harvesting per hour intensity = 136.43/8.4
=16.24 say 17 Nos
Excess runoff Storm water from road will be collected through storm water drain provided
along the boundary of road. It will be connected to nearby water bodies.
RAIN WATER HARVESTING SCHEME ON LAYOUT :
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10.4.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT
Construction Phase (Non point sources emissions)
Generation of suspended particulate matter is a common phenomenon due to transportation
of constructions materials. This would be mitigated by allowing the vehicles entering the
premises under cover. Emission of fugitive dust due to movement of heavy vehicles etc. shall
be controlled by spraying water in the affected zone. Hosing down the wheels of the vehicles
with water and providing washing troughs for them would further mitigate the amount of
dust generated. In addition, emission of other pollutants from construction machinery using
diesel driven prime movers, will be controlled by proper maintenance.
Barricading the construction area and minimizing exposed areas to reduce dust generation.
Areas generating dust during dry weather will be sprayed with water.
Appropriate enclosed areas for storage of construction materials.
Facilitating the workers with required Personal Protective Equipments.
Operation Phase (Point sources emissions)
In-plant Control Measures: Some of the mitigation measures, which can reduce the impact on
air environment, are as follows:
• Ensuring the operations of various process units as per specified operating guidelines/
operating manuals.
Strict adherence to maintenance schedule including lubrication for various machinery/
equipment.
Provide Adequate stack height to control flue gas emission
Product gases laden with carbon black particle from manufacturing process are filtered at
process bag collector and vapor bag collector for separation of carbon black particles from
process gases. Off gases filtered through bag collectors are utilized as fuel in steam boiler
and dryer combustor.
Regular ambient air quality monitoring shall be carried out within premises and should
also be carried out in the nearby area for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx & VOCs.
A greenbelt around the factory will be developed for reducing the air pollution and
attenuation of noise.
Adoption of good house-keeping.
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10.4.4.1 Details of Air Pollution Control Devices:
a. Incinerators for Off Gas Generated in the Process:
The OFF GASES generated out of burning of fuel like LDO / HSD and Carbon Black Feed
Stock (CBFS) (d) Natural Gas are incinerated in Combustors of boiler and product dryer.
100% off gases generated in the process are burnt in these combustors and no off gas
escape into the atmosphere and hence there is no air pollution from the gases generated in
the process.
Low Btu off gases generated in the manufacturing process of Carbon Black in the
reactor section and separated from accompanying Carbon Black particles in Bag Filter
section are collected in the off gas header. Inspite of their low calorific value, these gases
are utilised to recover their calorific value in a specially designed boiler system to generate
high pressure steam and in a specially designed dryer combustor furnace to supply the heat
energy requirements in the pelletising and drying section.
Company has planned specially designed stacks of 90mtr and 60mtr height for Boiler and
Dryer respectively for proper dissipation of flue gases emitted from above mentioned
incinerators (combustors).
b. Flare Stack
PCBL(TN) Limited has planned to install Flare Stack of adequate height to meet any
eventuality in the above mentioned incinerators i.e boiler and dryer so that the gases
generated in the process are flared and then vented to the atmosphere to control pollution.
c. Start Up Vent Stack
Company has planned to install start up vent stack of adequate height to vent inert gases
generated during start up and shut down for proper dissipation of pollutants.
d. Reactor Vent Scrubbers
To minimise pollution during an Emergency Plant Shut Down, company has planned to install
state of the art technology Venturi Scrubbers for individual reactors. Though all the inputs to
the reactors get stopped during any Emergency Shut Down, the residuals left in the reactors
are vented through these venture scrubbers after scrubbing all the carbon black particles.
e. Process Bag Collectors
This is a Process cum Pollution Control equipment which is used for separation of carbon
black from the off gases. Clean off gas is collected in the off gas header and is utilised by
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complete combustion in dryer combustion furnace and boiler furnace to achieve substantial
energy conservation as mentioned above. The filter bags are designed for 100% separation
efficiency.
As mentioned above Start Vent Stack will be installed for releasing of INERT GASES from
Process Bag Collectors in to the atmosphere during startup and shutdown of plant.
f. Vapour Bag Collectors
This is also a process cum pollution control equipment and is used for separation of carbon
black from the purge gases (containing water vapour and carbon black particles) generated in
the rotary dryer. Filtered and clean gases are released into atmosphere through the stack.
Flue gases from this filter at a temperature of approx. 200 deg. C mainly contain water
vapour, nitrogen, oxygen & insignificant quantity of CO and SOx. These gases are not harmful
and do not cause any air pollution. This filter also contains special fibre glass filter bags to
have SPM in the stack well within the norms laid down by the Pollution Control Board.
Fugitive emission control
Fugitive emission at various locations of the work zone environment is monitored on
regular basis. Moreover, following measures will be taken to minimize the fugitive
emissions.
All process will be done in a closed system.
Raw materials will be pumped from storage tank to process in a closed system.
Fugitive emissions are emissions of gases or vapours from pressurized equipment due to leak
or other unintended or irregular releases. Fugitive emission may be contributed from the
following sources:
Leakage from pumps
Equipment failure
Spillages from pipelines
Leakages from reactors
Vapours venting from process/tanks
Evaporation losses
Control Measures
Control Measures adopted are:
Process shall be closed system
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Transfer of the material for proposed plant shall be through pipeline
Leak detectors shall be installed near by the source of leakage
Sweeping on roads.
Proper monitoring system shall be established once the operation starts.
Bitumen roads are laid inside the plant premises.
There will be a chance of fugitive emission during manufacturing process as well as due to
storage and handling of raw materials and products. The unit will take following precaution
for the control of fugitive emissions.
Probable Sources Control Measures
Manufacturing activities
All equipments are maintained regularly along with checking
of flange and welded joints.
All raw materials and end products are properly metered so
that there is no possibility of overloading.
Proper safety interlocks are incorporated
Bulk transportation within the process is done by closed
bucket elevator and screw conveyer.
Emission from Carbon
black storage tank and
packing
Dedusting system with proper bag filters provided. All storage
tanks are closed with proper venting system and level is
checked regularly without overfilling.
Pump and compressor
Emissions
Mechanical seals are provided in pumps and agitators
Standby arrangement for critical equipment for periodic
maintenance
Valves, Flanges, plugs and
instrument connections
Welded pipes are used wherever feasible.
Suitable gasket materials are used
Suitable glad packing is used in valves
Periodic inspection and maintenance of pipes and pipefittings
is carried out
Leak detection and Repair Programme (LDAR): Leak detection and repair (LDAR) is system of
procedure a facility utilizes to locate repair leaking components including valves, pumps,
tanks and reactors in order to minimize the emission of fugitive volatile organic components
and hazardous air pollutants.
LDAR related sections shall be considered, checked and maintained regularly to control
emissions from leakages. At PCBL (TN) Limited schedule shall be prepared standard practices
will be implemented.
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ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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Identifying the sections: All possible sections of emissions from leakage will be recognized &
marked.
Monitoring the components: As per the schedule and frequency sections shall be monitored
to avoid the leakage chances by using the standard detecting systems.
Repairing the components: Repairing of the equipment after finding fault will be addressed
immediately. After a leak is detected, the component shall be altered or replaced to correct
the leakage. The component shall be considered repaired only after it has been monitored
and shows leakage below the thresh-hold limits.
Documented: All the above mentioned records shall be maintained for further references.
PCBL(TN) Limited will use best technology to control fugitive emission like:
Closed process flow systems of material transfer.
Detecting systems are in place for any leakages
Air quality shall be regularly monitored and data on fugitive emissions shall be regularly
recorded and proper actions will be taken.
10.4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
The sound pressure level generated by a noise source decreases with increasing distance from
the source due to wave divergence. The propagation and attenuation of noise pressure wave
is dependent on many parameters amongst which, the medium of travel and the ambient
conditions are the most significant parameters. In order to minimize adverse impact on the
noise environment, due attention shall be given for implementing noise control measures.
Comprehensive measures shall be taken at design stage for noise from proposed unit. The
measures are as under:
The noise level at the plant boundary shall be restricted to 75 dB (A) during day time and
70 dB (A) during night time.
Noise level shall be specified for various rotating equipment as per Occupational Safety
and Health Association (OSHA) standards.
Equipment lay-out shall be done considering segregation of high noise generating sources.
Erection of suitable enclosure, if required, to minimize the impact of high noise generating
sources.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD.
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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There may be small addition to the ambient noise level, due to the increased
transportation activities. This creates a slight adverse impact on the sound environment.
Regular oiling, lubrication and maintenance of the equipment shall be carried out to
minimize noise generation.
During Construction Phase
Following measures shall be taken for abatement of noise during construction phase:
Noise emissions from construction equipment will be kept to a minimum by regular
maintenance.
Heavy and noisy construction jobs shall be avoided during night hours.
During Operation Phase
Following measures are proposed to mitigate negative impact of operation phase of the
project on the surrounding noise environment.
All the noise generating equipments will be designed / operated to ensure that noise
level does not exceed 75-70 dB (A) at plant boundary as per the requirement of
Central / State Pollution Control Board.
Noise generating sources will be maintained properly to minimize noise generated by
them.
Wherever feasible, acoustic enclosures will be provided for compressors, DG sets.
Compliance with noise control norms will be given due importance at the time of
purchase of various equipments and it will be mentioned while placing the purchase
orders and guarantee for noise standards will be sought from suppliers.
Green belt will act as a noise barrier.
Training will be imparted to personnel to generate awareness about effects of noise
and importance of using PPEs.
10.4.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT
CONSTRUCTION PHASE:
1. The removed soil will be properly stored for subsequent reinstatement.
2. Reuse of excess excavated material for road development, green belt development and
landscaping.
3. A well designed closed depository for storage of construction materials to prevent
land/soil pollution.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD.
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 291
4. Effective stabilization of altered landforms to minimize soil erosion and the potential for
water pollution (e.g.vegetation).
5. Reuse of construction wastes such as sand, brick, gravel, cement for developing internal
road and project structures.
OPERATION PHASE:
Following measures are proposed to mitigate negative impact during operational phase of the
project on the land environment.
Air emissions are effectively controlled by appropriate air pollution control systems
and therefore deposition of air pollutants in and around the premises and surrounding
area is not envisaged.
Organic solid wastes will be Convertto manure by using OWCand inorganic solid
wastes will be sold to recycling facilities as per the authorization from TNPCB and
there is no internal disposal facility availability within the site.All the hazardous wastes
generated from the project will be properly stored and disposed as per the Hazardous
and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules 2016.Hence
there may not be any impact to the land environment.
As the treated effluent and treatedsewage will be reused, impact on the land
environment is not envisaged.
Thus, no impact on land is envisaged due to discharge of gaseous emission, solid waste
or liquid effluent from the proposed project.
10.4.6.1 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Used or Spent Oil @ 6.0 MT/Annum which shall be Collected, Stored, Transported &
Disposed by sale to TNPCB authorized Recyclers or reuse in process.
Discarded Drums & containers @ 12 MT/Annum & Discarded liners, waste Paper bags,
waste plastic bags& cardboards @ 6 MTPM which shall be Collected, Stored,
decontaminated, recycled/Reused & transported back to the supplier for reuse or sold to
TNPCB authorized vendor.
ETP Sludge, WTP Sludge & MEE Sludge @ 3350 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored &
Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD.
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 292
Used filter cloth @ 2 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored, Transported & Disposed by
sale to TNPCB authorized Recyclers.
Used Oily cotton waste/weather hand gloves/cotton hand gloves@ 2 MT/Annum shall be
Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Discarded filter medium (bag filter) @ 12 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored &
Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Ceramic wool/waste insulation material @ 12 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored &
Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Spent Ion exchange Resins @ 1 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported &
Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Oily Sludge Emulsion @ 15 MT /Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported &
Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Used Batteries @ 0.1MT/annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to
authorized TSDF for land filling.
Spent Acid Batteries @ 0.024 MT/annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported &
Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Storage of Hazardous Waste:
Hazardous waste shall not be stored for a period more than 90 days. And shall maintain
records and make them available for inspection.
Store at a designated Onsite-secured area with impervious floor that affords protection
from sun & rain fall, spreading of leachate, mixing of wastes etc.
Transportation of Hazardous Waste:
Properly packed & labeled waste transport through dedicated vehicle to a captive facility/
authorized TSDF facility.
10.4.6.2 METHODOLOGY OF DE-CONTAMINATION AND DISPOSAL OF DISCARDED
CONTAINERS AND ITS RECORD KEEPING
Decontamination & Disposal of Discarded Containers: The proper disposal of empty
chemical containers is more important for hazardous chemicals as it can contain residual
amounts of chemicals. There can be no more than 1 inch of material left in the container not
more than 3% by weight of the containers capacity. In an effort to ensure that this residue is
handled properly and to be able to recycle or properly dispose of these containers, the
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD.
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following procedure is to be followed. The below guidelines are useful for non hazardous
chemicals also.
Rinse Procedure: An empty chemical container that contains hazardous chemicals (liquid or
solid), must be rinsed 3 times with water (or appropriate rinsing agent) before being
discarded. The first rinse should be collected as chemical waste, it can be put into any waste
container of compatible chemicals, the second & third rinses can then go down to drain. If the
chemical is on the list of acutely hazardous waste, then all three rinses must be collected.
After the containers are rinsed, they can be discarded appropriately as described below. All
caps should be let off of the discarded containers. Containers should be labeled with “Empty”
labels and the chemical name should be crossed or blacked out prior to being discarded. Caps
may be discarded to regular trash. Finally, it is disposed off by sell it to authorized
decontamination facility / recycler or reuse.
Reuse /Recycle/ Disposal of cleaned containers:
• All chemicals must follow the above rinse except the volatile Solvents & before being
discarded in any form.
• Metal containers or any plastic containers, plastic tubing or plastic beakers that do not meet
the recycling criteria can be discarded into regular trash.
• Glass containers, glass tubing that do not meet the recycling criteria should be placed into
trash can for disposal.
• Plastic & glass containers that meet the recycling criteria must be placed in appropriate
recycling containers.
• Empty compressed gas cylinders should be returned to vendor.
10.4.6.3 Solid waste management
During operation phase is likely to generate various types of solid waste which can be broadly
categorized as Hazardous Waste and Municipal Solid Waste. Further, the generated solid
waste may include biodegradable, recyclable and inert compounds. Municipal solid wastes
will be segregated as organic and inorganic wastes. Organic wastes will be disposed to OWC
and inorganic wastes will be sold to authorized recyclers.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD.
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 294
10.5 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
As per the rules and regulations laid by Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change,
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Board (SPCB), it is legally
mandatory to earmark 33% of the project area for greenbelt development to promote
integration of environmental issues with industrial development projects.
The total land area is 242892.53 Sq.m (24.289Ha). Greenbelt area is 81315.00 Sq.m
(8.131Hac–33.47%) Around 9900numbers of tree will be planted as per CPCB guidelines for
developing greenbelt (PROBES/75/1999-2000, published in Mar 2000).
Design of Green Belt
Green belt will be developed as per CPCB guidelines with concept of three tier greenbelt
development with tall, medium and short height in general.
A survey was conducted with respect to existing forest types and vegetation diversity in the
study area for development of greenbelt around project components. The following
guidelines will be considered in green belt development.
The following guidelines will be considered in green belt development.
The spacing between the trees will be maintained at 2x2m
Planting of trees in each row will be in staggered orientation
In the front row shrubs will be grown.
The short trees (< 10 m height) will be planted in the first two rows (towards plant
side) of the green belt. The tall trees (> 10 m height) will be planted in the outer three
rows (away from plant side)
One line of tall trees and another line of short trees will be planted near the industrial
blocks to control the fugitive emissions and to reduce the noise.
Expose the manure pits to direct sunlight for about 15 days.
o If the soil at the site is reasonably good, pits may be filled with 80% site-soil
+ 20% composted cow-dung. About 200 gm Neem-cake and leaf-litter, grass
or agricultural residue may be added
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD.
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 295
o If the soil at the site is poor, pits may be filled with 35% site-soil + 35% fertile soil
(from an external source) + 30% composted cow-dung. Neem-cake and other
organic matter may be added as in the previous instance
Saplings will ideally be planted after the annual rains begin. The saplings would need
to be watered once the rains cease.
Saplings shall be suitably nurtured and maintained. Soil conditioning and fertilizer
application shall be undertaken. If required, suitable soil treatment shall be provided
to ensure good growth of tree cover.
Construction of temporary shelters of locally available materials such as bamboo and
grass around the growing saplings is recommended in the summer, to help the
plants withstand the hot sun.
During construction period:
o Ground-vegetation should be allowed to shed seeds before cutting or moving it
for mulching. This would leave behind a seed-bank to flourish in the next growing
season, providing a natural source of mulch for the following year.
o Open Burning of bushes and other waste on land must be avoided, as it reduces
soil-quality, and harms the ground-vegetation, amphibians, reptiles and ground
nesting birds.
Development of greenbelt shall start with construction phase and shall be continued
full fledge with operation phase
As a part of improving biodiversity areas need to be ear marked for the growth of
creepers that are always neglected in green belt development category. Creepers are
becoming increasingly threatened due to lack of concerns and selective dereliction of
this species.
Cost estimations for Green belt Development
A capital cost of INR 40.0 Lakhs shall be earmarked for this purpose and INR 4.0Lakhs will be
alottedfor recurring expenses towards green belt development and maintenance.
The following plant species will be planted according to CPCB guidelines: Cassia fistula,
Mangifera indica, Tectona grandis, Azadirachta indica, Albizza lebbek, Prosopis cineraria,
Delonixregia, Ficusbenghalensis, Butea monosperma, Phyllanthus emblica, Hardwickia
binate, Terminalia arjuna, Acacia niotica, ficus sp., Albizia sp., Dalbergia latifolia,
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD.
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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Peltophorumpterocarpum, Chloroxylon swietenia, Dalbergia sissoo, Syzygiumcumini, Melia
dubia, etc.
The purpose of developing the greenbelt in and around the industrial site is for:
Containment and abatement of pollution in the industrial environment, capturing of
fugitive emissions if any and thereby improving the quality of the surrounding
environment.
Substantially reducing the adverse environmental impacts due to the proposed
industrial activity.
Serving as a barrier for attenuating the intensity of noise generated.
Enhancing the biodiversity index of the region.
Adding aesthetic value to the project site.
Maintaining the ecological equilibrium of the area.
The following general guidelines and measures will be adopted:
The greenbelt development programme will be drawn to conform to natural climatic
conditions and adaptability of the species.
Proper drainage system and proper plantation techniques will be adopted.
Plantation will be properly maintained and protected by fencing from grazing and
felling.
The plantations will consist of a mixture of carefully chosen locally available species of
trees, shrubs and herbs, preferably evergreen and resistant to pollution.
10.6 OCCUPTIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
Health hazards associated with the occupation are called occupational hazards. In chemical
industry due to handling of toxic and hazardous chemicals there are possibilities of
developing occupational diseases. M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd. shall employ the following measures
with respect to occupational health and safety:
Pre – employment medical check-up at the time of employment.
Six monthly medical check-up for all employees. PCBL (TN) Limited will have
agreement signed with nearby hospital for their valuable service during emergency
along with one Equipped ambulance facility for 24/7.
Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise and chemical exposure at frequent
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intervals with maintenance of records.
Engineering controls, wherever possible, to reduce workplace pollution.
Training to employees on personal hygiene, health, personnel protective equipment &
first aid.
Personal Protective Equipment’s will be provided to all company employee as well as
contract workers, which are working in hazardous and non-hazardous area.
10.6.1 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CENTER
Functions of the Occupational Health Centre, M/s. PCBL (TN) Ltd.:
Daily OPD (outdoor patient Department) cases of company employees as well as
contractual workers.
IPD (indoor patient department) cases of company employees and contractual workers
as and when required.
Emergency treatment of patients in case of chemical burns, gas inhalation, ingestion
of chemical, mechanical injuries like head injury and fracture.
First aid treatment in case of minor abrasion, contused lacerated wound, etc.
Referral services to higher centre as and when required.
Pre-employment medical examination of all the employees before their joining to
decide their fitness and to decide their placement in various plants.
Periodical medical examination every 6 monthly for all the employees.
Maintenance of form no. 33 after pre-employment medical examination.
Maintenance of form no. 32 after periodical medical examination
Placement and maintenance of first aid boxes to the various departments in the
company. First aid boxes are checked twice in a month and replenished with the
materials needed.
Preparation of injury report on daily basis.
First aid training to the company employees.
Preparations of monthly report and annual reports describing injuries and sickness.
Oxygen cylinder refilling and maintenance.
Ambulance daily test round and daily checking as per our check list.
Canteen workers personal hygiene checkup twice in a month.
Contractual workers pre employment physical check up on daily basis.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD.
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Medicine consumption and keeping record of the same, daily basis and monthly.
OHC equipment check list as per our SOP.
Autoclaving of dressing material to sterilize it.
Segregation and proper disposal of biomedical waste with Globe bio care institute.
Instrument calibration once yearly.
Maintenance of clean OHC and beds and linen washing.
Division of all the work among all four full time medical assistants.
Blood donation camp, eye check up camp arrangements at OHC.
Pre-Medical/Periodical Medical Examination
Pre-Medical/Periodical medical examination of worker exposed and other staff members is
being carried out at regular intervals.
Pre-Employment Screening / Examinations - All employees will be subjected to pre-
placement medical examinations to determine their fitness for the jobs on site. Potential
exposures to the work environment will be considered before placing an employee on the
job.
Periodic Medical Examinations - Periodic medical examination is the same as the pre-
employment screening and may be modified according to current conditions, such as changes
in the employee's symptoms, site hazards or exposures.
However, List of tests is proposed to done during half yearly employee check-up: -
a. Height
b. Weight
c. Audiometry
d. ECG
e. Eye Vision
f. Complete Blood Count (26 parameters)
g. Pulmonary function testing
h. Blood Sugar
i. Blood pressure
j. Urine Routine & Microscopy
PCBL (TN) Limited will allocate Rs.5.0 Lakhs per month for the purpose of occupational, heath
and safety for the employees.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD.
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 299
First aid Boxes
A first aid kit is a collection of supplies and equipment for use in giving first aid. First Aid boxes
will be kept available in Admin Block and Production area etc. First Aid items will be issued to
injure only by authorized persons.
Following are the contents of First Aid Box,
1. Dettol – Antiseptic solution
2. Ciplox – Eye Drops
3. Soframycin – Skin ointment
4. Silverex – Burn ointment
5. Betadine – Microbicidal solution
6. Iodex – Pain reliever
7. Sterilized Cotton Wool
8. Surgical Paper Tape
9. Small Sterilized Dressings
10. Medium Sterilized Dressings
11. Roller Bandage – 5 cm wide
12. Roller Bandage – 10cm wide
13. Band Aid
14. Crocin / Paracetamol Tablet
10.6.2 Occupational Health Monitoring
Medical Surveillance Program: Medical surveillance program is essential to assess and
monitor employees' health and fitness both prior to employment and during the course of
work; to determine fitness for duty and to provide emergency and other treatment as
needed. Effectiveness of a medical program depends on active involvement of employees.
PCBL (TN) Limited medical surveillance program will include the following major elements;
1. Developing an OH-IH Medical Surveillance Program.
2. Pre-Employment Examination and Periodic Medical Examinations
3. Determination of Fitness for Duty.
4. Communications.
5. Emergency Medical Treatment.
6. Medical Records.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD.
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 300
Implementation of OHS Standards as per OSHAS
The overall objective of the company is to provide a system that is capable of delivering
healthy and safe workplace. Following measures have been adopted for implementation of
OHS standards:
Well-equipped Occupational Health Centre with adequate paramedical staff.
Routine and special investigation related to occupational health.
Health surveillance and maintenance of health record.
Rules and procedure for effective implementation of Safety Health and Environment
policy and made to know all employees.
Round the clock Ambulance facility.
Sufficient number of First aid boxes.
Implementation of OHSAS 18001 for Occupational Health and Safety Management
System.
Implementation of ISO 14001 for Environment Management System.
Risk assessment of each and every activity.
Implementation of OHS management program.
Training, awareness program and work place talk.
Personnel Protective Equipment
M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited will provide full range of Personnel Protective equipments to its
workers for their safety. A complete list of Personnel Protective equipments has been tabled
below:
List of Personnel Protective Equipments
Boiler operation: Cotton type retardant suit, IR resistant goggles, helmet, safety shoes
and cotton gloves.
Electrical Work Area (MCC and PCC):433 V to 22 kVA electrical resistance gloves,
Electrical safety shoes (without metal toe guard) and helmet and electrical gloves.
Tested date and due dates should be marked legibly.
Working at Height: Personal fall protection (i.e. Full body harness), helmet and Safety
shoes.
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Safety Equipment:
Safety Helmets
Safety Hand Gloves – PVC, Rubber Cotton, Cum, Leather Asbestos
Safety Goggles - Spectacle Type, Panoramic Type
Face Shield
Aprons – PVC, Cotton
PVC Suits
Safety Gum Boots
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
Gas mask with canister
Safety emergency
Fire extinguishers
Fire hoses with branches
Explosive meter
Gas detection devices
Resuscitator
Portable mike
First aid box
Emergency siren switch
Telephone- P&T intercom
Personal protective equipment (PPE) will be provided during operation as per norms
Spill Emergency Mitigation Procedure
Spill Kit is kept in all Emergency cupboards.
Once the spill is observed, Spill Kit shall be collected from the nearest area/emergency
cupboard installed and neutralizing agent (if required) based on the nature of the spill.
In case if the spill is not controlled, immediately declare the emergency as per
emergency response procedure.
While handling the spill, use most appropriate PPE's like SCBA, chemical suit, acid/
alkali proof hand gloves, face shield, safety goggles, gum boots or even respiratory
masks with suitable cartridges.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD.
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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Once the spill is controlled using Sorbent pad/Boom collect in a double polythene bag
and secure with the plastic ties. Dispose it as per applicable disposal procedure.
Report the incident of spill to EHS department through online incident reporting
System.
Once in a month, the items of the Spill Kit shall be inspected and recorded by EHS
representatives of the individual area.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD.
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 303
10.6.2.1 INDUSTRIAL/ OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH MONITORING
The workers exposed to noisy sources will be provided with ear muffs/plugs.
Adequate facilities for drinking water and toilets will be provided to the employees.
The health of the workers will be regularly checked by a qualifiedDoctor and proper
records will be kept for each worker.
Isolated storage for all hazardous chemicals with adequate safety measures, sign
board outside storage etc.,
Good Air circulation will be ensured within the plant area.
Hand wash will be provided in vicinity of work area with ample quantity of water
available.
Proper First Aid centre and medical facilities will be provided.
10.6.3 WORK ZONE MONITORING EQUIPMENT
The unit will install the ambient air monitoring kit all over the facility for regular monitoring
and these will provide the alarm once the set level is crossed. Same will be connected to
TNPCB online Monitoring Server(CAC).
10.6.4 PROPOSED SAFETY SYSTEM
FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM
A pressurized automatically operated Fire Hydrant System will be installed in the plant with
rings and wet risers around all blocks to achieve maximum coverage. Water reservoir capacity
will be provided. Following are the details of the system.
Jockey pump with pressure switches
Main electrical pump
Yard Hydrant points.
Hose Boxes
Hose Reel Drums
Foam Concentrate tank
Water Monitor
Mobile Foam Unit
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ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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Two-way fire brigade inlet
Automatic sprinkler system.
Fire & Safety Systems
S. No Name of the equipment Qty(Nos) Capacity
1 Fire Extinguishers 41 4.5kg
2 Fire Extinguishers (ABC) 41 6kg
3 Fire Extinguishers (Mechanical Foam) 2 45 l
4 Fire Extinguishers (Trolley Mounted) 4 22.5 kg
5 Fire Hydrant Points (External) 64 -
6 Fire Hydrant Points (Internal) 20 -
7 Fire Hydrant Pumps 2+1 (Standby) 273 m3/hr
8 Jockey Pump 1 273 m3/hr
9 Water Monitors 4 -
10 Fire Brigade Connection (FBC) 3 -
11 Fire Hose 64 (2 Nos) 15m RRL (each)
12 First Aid 14 -
13 Water storage tanks 1 1716 KL
Fire extinguishers:
Depending on the combustible material, fires have been classified into four types.
Suitability of Extinguishing Media for Different Fires
S. No Class of fire Suitable Fire Extinguisher
1 Class A:
Organic Material i.e. wood, papers, rubber &plastics. DCP, Mechanical Foam
2
Class B:
Flammable Liquid and Flammable Gases i.e.,Petroleum
Products, Paints, Chemicals etc.
Mechanical Foam, CO2 and
DCP
3 Class C:
Electrical DCP and CO2
4
Class D:
Flammable Metals i.e. Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium
etc.
Special DCP, Sand
The company will train personnel for firefighting and intends to improve the firefighting skills
of employee by conducting frequent training on Fire fighting.
M/s. PCBL (TN) LTD.
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared By: Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat 305
10.7 MEASURES FOR CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited shall adopt various measures for energy conservation:
Energy efficient machineries will be used during operation phase.
Installation of economizer & high efficiency burner on steam boilers.
Company shall try to utilize renewable sources of energy for conservation of non-
renewable sources of energy.
Enough care will be taken to prevent/minimize energy losses at each stage.
Energy audit will be used as a tool for monitoring purpose.
External lights will be controlled through timers for auto on/off function based on
timings.
The cable size will be selected so as to minimize the power losses.
The power factor improvement capacitors will be provided individually for AC loads.
Using water cooled chillers, variable frequency drives for secondary pumps and public
area and building management system for HVAC equipments with non-CFC and non-
HCFC based refrigerants.
Use of VFDs for various utilities in variable load application to optimize pump and air
handling unit performance, wherever required.
Automated day light control.
Efficient lamps and ballasts.
Automated control for external lighting (Astronomical/Sensor).
Occupancy Sensors.
Phase-wise implementation of Advance Process Control (APC) in the process plants.
Replacement of conventional lighting fixture by more energy efficient fittings.
Installation of improved insulation over the High Pressure (HP) steam line to reduce
the heat loss.
Use of FRP blade on Cooling Tower.
Company shall explore possibility of use of solar energy for various infrastructure operations.
Also use of Energy Efficient Lighting, Transformers, HVAC system, Use of Energy Efficient
Motors, electrical appliances to minimize the energy consumption in addition to Process
Planning.
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10.8 SKILLED AND TRAINED MANPOWER
This new project will have employment opportunity for 1000 person during construction
phase (18 Months) and 425 persons (in ToR application: 500 Person) during operation phase.
Additional employment opportunity for product dealers and distributors, and transport
sectors for product movements will increase the employment opportunity indirectly.
10.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
The company is aware of the obligations towards the society and to fulfil the social
obligations, company will employ semi-skilled and skilled labour from the nearby villages as
much as possible and also try to generate maximum indirect employment in the nearby
villages by appointing local contract workers. Around 2.5% of the annual profit will be
spending for the CSR activity. The following are proposed CSR activities which can be
executed.
1. Books and basic infrastructures for the nearest School.
2. Common Toilet & lighting facilityto the nearest village
3. Medical camps to the villagers
10.9.1 CER ACTIVITIES
As per CER Notification, the 1.0% of project Cost (INR 615.0 Crore) i.e.6.15 Crores need to
spend for CER activities. As per OM- F. No. 22-23/2018-IA.III (Pt) Dated: 31.10.2019. As per
the Latest OM F.No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated: 30.09.2020, it will be spent as per EAC
recommendation and our proposal as follows:
Sl.No Activities under CER 2022-2027
1 Waste management facilities such as Bins, Battery auto for
garbage collection to local nearby villages Such as Teruvai,
Kollanur etc.
1.01
2 Greenbelt development in Nearby Villages Such as Teruvai,
Kollanur etc. 1.00
3 Solar lighting to nearby villages Such as Teruvai, Kollanur etc. 2.07
4 Sanitation facilities to nearby Government Schools and colleges 2.07
Total 6.15 Crores
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ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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10.10 Socio – Economic Environment
The proponent is committed to the socio – economic upliftment of the people in region and
has actively involved in formulating and implementing proactive measures as part of the
corporate social responsibility. Moreover, various modes of indirect employment i.e.,
transportation, increased business opportunities to shopkeepers, small scale business
entrepreneurs etc. will lead to development of the area.
10.11 Ecology
Solid wastes generated during the operation phase are disposed through authorized
disposal cum recycle facilities as per the authorization from TNPCB and hence no impact is
anticipated due to solid waste in and around the site.
No sewage or effluent will be discharge outside the factory premises. ZLD will be
maintained properly.
Stack is proposed to control the release of air pollutants to a greater extent. In addition,
thick green belt will attenuate air pollutants released into the environment.
It is expected that the ecology of the region is preserved by these mitigation measures.
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ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
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CHAPTER - 11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & CONLCUSION
11.1 Project Description
M/S. PCBL (TN) LTD is a wholly owned subsidiary of M/s Phillips Carbon Black Limited
(PCBL). PCBL is the first Carbon Black company in the world to receive carbon credits. PCBL
has redefined its business by establishing captive power plants at each factory from the off-
gas or waste gas from the carbon black manufacturing process thus creating a sustainable
green movement. The gas, a by-product of carbon black production, is harnessed for
generating electricity at the Company's Captive Power Plants (CPP), at Palej, Durgapur,
Mundra and Kochi. The Company has heavily cut down on carbon and gas emission, and
serves green power to Large Private industrial units and State Electricity utilities. At present,
the combined production capacity is 5.71 lakh ton/Annum. Now, PCBL (TN) LTD planned to
set up a unit in SIPCOT industrial park, Thervoy Kandigai. Proposed facility will be located at
Plot No A7 of Thervoy kandigai Village, SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Gummidipoondi Taluk,
Tiruvallur District and Tamil Nadu. The allotted land area is 60.02 Acres (242892.32 Sq.m).
The land allotted from SIPCOT industrial complex to the proponent for this proposed project.
The project scope involves in the production capacity of 1.925 lakh tone/annum in both
rubber and specialized carbon black products along with Captive power plant (36 MW).
These products are widely used in tyres manufacturing, ink jet toners, printing newspaper
and other such uses. These product requirements are high in demand.
Product and Capacity
Sl. No Description Quantity (in ToR
application)
Quantity (In EIA report)*
1 Carbon Black
745 MT per day (2,60,750
MTPA)
(Considering 350 working
days)
550 MT per day (1,92,500
MTPA)
(Considering 350 working
days)
2 CPP 50 MW 36 MW
*Note: Carbon black Production and CPP capacity was reduced from ToR application
due to the Market Strategy and demand
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11.2 Description of the Environment
Baseline Environmental Status
Air Environment
The dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere is a function of several meteorological
parameters viz. temperature, wind speed and direction, mixing depths, inversion level, etc.
The ambient air samples were collected and analyzed for Respirable Suspended Particulate
Matter (RSPM-PM10), Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM-PM2.5), Sulphur
Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Ammonia (NH3), Ozone (O3), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As),
Nickel (Ni), Benzene (C6H6), Hydro Carbon (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO) & VOC’s were
monitored at site and nearby villages for identification, prediction, evaluation and
assessment of potential impact on ambient air environment.
The maximum concentration of PM10 (54.63 g/m3), PM2.5 (25.83 g/m3), SO2 (8.11 g/m3),
NOx (17.45 g/m3), O3 (13.70 g/m3) was recorded in study area. The minimum
concentration of PM10 (46.25 g/m3), PM2.5 (21.75 g/m3), SO2 (6.55 g/m3), NOx (13.42
g/m3), O3 (10.67 g/m3) was recorded in study area.
Sr.
No.
Criteria
Pollutants
Unit Maximum
Value
Minimum
Value
Prescribed
Standard
1. PM10 g/m3 54.63 46.25 100
2. PM2.5 g/m3 25.83 21.75 60
3. SO2 g/m3 8.11 6.55 80
4. NOx g/m3 17.45 13.42 80
5. O3 g/m3 13.70 10.67 100
The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations at all the AAQM locations were primarily caused by local
phenomena including industrial & vehicular activities and natural dust getting air borne due
to manmade activities and blowing wind. PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were observed
below stipulated standards of CPCB for Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area at all air
quality monitoring locations during the monitoring period. Results of all parameters are
found within limit. Result of all other parameters i.e. NH3, Pb, As, Ni, C6H6, BaP & HC were
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found below detectable limit. The interpretation relates to the results found for particular
locations and date of monitoring.
Baseline Ground Water Quality
pH of ground water samples varied from 7.56 to 7.98. Turbidity was found 0.5 to 1.0 NTU,
Total Dissolved Solids varied in the range of 245 to 936 mg/L. Total Hardness (as CaCO3)
varied from 120 to 727 mg/L. Total Alkalinity varied from 118 to 482 mg/L. Chlorides and
Sulfates are found in the range of 45 to 292 mg/L and 39 to 296 mg/L respectively.
Sr.
No.
Criteria Pollutants Unit Maximum
Value
Minimum
Value
Desirable
Limit
Maximum
Permissible
Limit
1. pH pH Scale 7.98 7.56 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation
2. Total Suspended Solids mg/L <2 <2 80 120
3. Total Hardness mg/L 727 120 300 600
4. Fluoride mg/L 0.17 0.42 1 1.5
5. Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 936 245 500 2000
6. Chlorides mg/L 292 45 250 1000
7. Zinc mg/L 0.05 0.15 5 15
Baseline Surface Water Quality
pH of surface water samples was found 7.62 to 8.04. Turbidity was found 1.9 to 4.6 NTU,
Total Dissolved Solids was found 158 to 266 mg/L. Total Hardness (as CaCO3) are found 75 to
140 mg/L. Total Alkalinity varied from 68 to 116 mg/L. Chlorides and Sulfates are found 41 to
70 mg/L and 8 to 20 mg/L respectively.
Sr.
No.
Criteria
Pollutants
Unit Maximum
Value
Minimum Value
1. pH pH Scale 8.04 7.62
2. Total
Alkalinity
mg/L 116 68
3. Total
Hardness
mg/L 140 75
4. Total
Dissolved
Solids
mg/L 266 158
Ground Water Quality: Based on comparison study with drinking water standards, it is
interpreted that water samples collected from the villages should not be directly used in
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drinking but can be used in other domestic purposes like washing, bathing and irrigation.
Results of copper, lead in the water sample of all the villages are found below detectable. It
can be observed that ground water qualities in terms of various essential and desirable
characteristics are found within the limits specified by IS 10500:2012.
Surface Water Quality: There are three ponds considered in the study area. However, this
water is not used for domestic/industrial activities; as the raw water is easily available
through pipelines of local authorities. These water sources cannot be utilized for drinking but
the water of these ponds can be used in irrigation. The water quality is good and it was
observed that all the parameters are well within the range of acceptance criteria as per IS:
10500.
Baseline Soil Status
Parameters like Potassium, Calcium, Total Nitrogen, Bulk Density, etc. were considered.
Based on the soil analysis report, the following can be concluded:
Sr. No. Criteria Pollutants Unit Maximum Value Minimum Value
1. pH pH Scale 8.34 7.74
2. Potassium (K) mg/kg 390 265
3. Bulk Density gm/cm3 1.42 1.21
4. Calcium mg/kg 19.6 11.3
5. Total Nitrogen Kg/ha 295 178
6. Organic matter % 1.52 0.97
7. Available Phosphorus KG/HA 41 19.8
The porosity of soils can be considered as moderate too good for air and water movement in
the soil and the pH of soils are slightly alkaline. The concentration of available Nitrogen,
Phosphorous and Potassium in the soil samples signifies that the soil of the area is fertile.
11.3 Anticipated Environmental impacts and mitigation measures
11.3.1 Water Requirement, Waste Water Generation and Treatment
The total water requirement for proposed manufacturing unit is 3583 KLD. Fresh water
requirement is 2785 KLD (In ToR application- 3731KLD) will be sourced from SIPCOT and total
recycle water will be 814 KLD. The wastewater generation will be 558 KL/day. Effluent
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generated shall be treated in ETP consisting of primary treatment facility followed by RO,
MEE & ATFD Unit.
Wastewater generated from the project will be treated in ETP and Zero Liquid Discharge will
be maintained, hence the impact due to the proposed project will be very minimal.
The sewage generated will be treated in STP of 50 KLD and the treated sewage will be used
for green belt development.
11.3.2 Air Pollution Source and Control Management
The source of flue gas emission will be:
Emission source APC measure proposed Stack height Fuel Name &
Quantity
DG set:
1x1300 & 1x1200 KVA
Adequate stack height as
per TNPCB Norms 30m AGL
Diesel (500
Lit/hr
*Waste gas based Boilers:
Set-1: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm2
Set-2: 54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm2,
Set-3:54 MT/hr, 86 kg/cm2
Adequate stack height as
per TNPCB Norms 90m AGL
Off Gases
(495197
Nm3/hr)
Note:
*In form -1, Boiler capacity is mentioned as 32 TPH, 80 TPH, 24 TPH & 60 TPH (each 1 Nos)
One Boiler is removed due to the reduction in production capacity
Adequate Stack Height shall be maintained to prevent air pollution.
Process gas emission:
Product gases laden with carbon black particle from manufacturing process are filtered at
process bag collector and vapor bag collector for separation of carbon black particles from
process gases. Off gases filtered through bag collectors are utilized as fuel in steam boiler
and dryer combustor.
Emission source APC measure proposed Stack height (m)
2 Nos. of Flare Stacks Adequate stack height as per
TNPCB Norms 50 AGL
Vapor Bag Collectors – 6 Stacks Bag Collectors 60 AGL
Dryer – 6 Stacks Bag Collectors / ESPs 60 AGL
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Process Bag Collectors – 2 Stacks Bag Collectors / ESPs 50 AGL
Venturi Scrubbers – 2 Stacks Not Applicable 50 AGL
Dedusting & Rerun Bag Collectors – 12
Nos Not Applicable 20 m
11.3.3 Hazardous Waste:
Used or Spent Oil @ 6.0 MT/Annum which shall be Collected, Stored, Transported &
Disposed by sale to TNPCB authorized Recyclers or reuse in process.
Discarded Drums & containers @ 12 MT/Annum & Discarded liners, waste Paper bags,
waste plastic bags& cardboards @ 6 MTPM which shall be Collected, Stored,
decontaminated, recycled/Reused & transported back to the supplier for reuse or sold to
TNPCB authorized vendor.
ETP Sludge, WTP Sludge & MEE Sludge @ 3350 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored &
Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Used filter cloth @ 2 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored, Transported & Disposed by
sale to TNPCB authorized Recyclers.
Used Oily cotton waste/weather hand gloves/cotton hand gloves@ 2 MT/Annum shall be
Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Discarded filter medium (bag filter) @ 12 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored &
Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Ceramic wool/waste insulation material @ 12 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored &
Transported & Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Spent Ion exchange Resins @ 1 MT/Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported &
Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Oily Sludge Emulsion @ 15 MT /Annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported &
Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
Used Batteries @ 0.1MT/annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported & Disposed to
authorized TSDF for land filling.
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Spent Acid Batteries @ 0.024 MT/annum shall be Collected, Stored & Transported &
Disposed to authorized TSDF for land filling.
11.3.4 Green Belt
Total Plot Area = 242892 m2. Total Green Belt = 81315 m2 i.e. 33% of Total Plot Area shall be
developed as greenbelt and other forms of greenery.
11.3.5 Power & Fuel Requirements
Details Power and fuel Source
Operation Phase:
Power Requirement during
Operation Phase 11.20 MW* CPP / TANGEDCO
Boilers – LDO / HSD 0.700 MT/day** Retail Supplier
HSD for DG sets 400 LPD IOC/HP
Construction Phase:
Power Requirement 0.400 MW DG Set / TANGEDCO
Note:
* In form-1, Power requirement during operation phase is 15.39 MW
** In form-1, LDO/HSD requirement for boilers are 0.894 MT/day
11.3.6 Capital and recurring cost earmarked for environmental protection measures
The estimated project cost is Rs.615 Crores.
SR.NO. PARTICULARS ESTIMATED COST (INR IN CRORES)
1 Land and Site Development 26.00
2 Building 33.00
3 Plant and Machineries 461.20
4 Environmental Pollution Control
Measures
94.80
TOTAL 615.00
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11.3.7 Environmental Hazard
The project proponent shall consider all the safety aspects in planning, designing and
operation of the project as per standard practices. Hence, no adverse impact on this account
is anticipated. Adequate pollution control measures will be taken to check any kind of
contamination or pollution from the company. Considering the pollution control measures
taken by the company environment management system adopted there is no significant
adverse impact on environment.
Cumulative Impact Chart
ENVIRONMENTAL
PARAMETER
TOTAL CUMULATIVE
SCORE
Air Quality -14
Noise and Odour -6
Water Quality -10
Land Requirement -8
Infrastructure -9
Service 15
Environmental Hazards -5
Terrestrial Ecology / Land use 0
Socio Economic Status 12
Aquatic Ecology 0
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11.4 Environmental Monitoring Programme
S.
No
Area of
Monitoring
Number of Sampling
Stations
Frequency of
Sampling Parameters to be Analyzed
1. Micro
Meteorology One
Hourly and
Daily basis.
Wind speed and direction,
Temperature, Relative
Humidity, Atmospheric
pressure, Rainfall.
2. Ambient Air
Quality
2 Stations (one in up
wind and one in
down wind)
Twice a
week:24
hourly period
All the 12 parameters as per
NAAQ Standards, VOC and
Hydrocarbons
3. Noise
2 (one within plant
premises and one
outside plant
premises)
Once a month
Ambient Equivalent
continuous Sound Pressure
Levels (Leq) at day and Night
time.
4. Water
One surface and
ground water sample
near the site
Once a month All the parameters as per IS
10500:2012
5. Soil
2 (one within plant
premises and one
outside plant
premises)
Once in six months
Physicochemical properties, Nutrients and Heavy metals
6.
Liquid
Effluents
Effluent inlet and
outlet Weekly
pH, Temp, Conductivity, Oil
and Grease,TSS, TDS, BOD..
STP inlet and outlet Monthly pH, TSS, BOD & COD
7. Exhaust from
DG set Stack of DG set Monthly PM, SO2, NOx& CO
8. Vehicular
Emissions Parking area
Periodic
monitoring of
vehicles
Air emission and noise, PCU
9
Solid waste /
Hazardous
waste
Solid and hazardous
waste storage area Once a week Quantity
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11.5 Additional Studies
Storage details
11.6 Project Benefits
Though there are minor pollution impacts the project will be beneficial in the following
aspects:
1. As seen above there will be marginal impacts on air, noise, water & soil environments.
However it will be mitigated by proper measures.
2. The proposed greenbelt will enhance the green coverage in and around the area with
aesthetics.
3. Fulfill the market requirement and play a vital role in the manufacture of carbon black
which thereby reduce imports and address the market demand and social and health
benefits. The products manufactured within these facilities will be exported which will aid
in adding foreign exchange to the nation.
4. Water will be recycled and reused in this project.
5. Various skill development, education, health care programmes & infrastructure
developments are proposed as CSR and CER, through which many villages around will be
benefitted.
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11.7 Environment Management Plan
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPONENTS
SOURCES OF IMPACT MITIGATIVE MEASURE
Water Environment During Construction Phase:
Construction activity & abstraction of
water for construction requirement and
sanitation in housing for workers.
1. Contamination of watercourses by
leakage from fuel and materials storage
areas.
2. Oil and suspended solids in run-off
from vehicles and access roads.
3. Use of heavy machineries and vehicles
causes compaction of topsoil due to
which a change in the surface water
drainage pattern may occur.
Proper management of surface water
runoff shall be made.
Soak pit will provide to dispose of
domestic waste water.
1. SIPCOT/Private Tankers are the
only source of water during the
construction phase.
2. Storehouse will be located away
from the water storage area to
prevent accidental release or
spillage.
3. Proper management of rain water
run-off during monsoon and
creating bunds to utilize the rain
water for construction purpose.
During Operation Phase:
1. Generation of sewage.
2. Generation of industrial effluent &
domestic waste water
1. Sewage will be treated in mobile
STP.
2. Industrial effluent will be treated in
ETP then treated effluent will be
reused in plant premises.
The sewage generated will be
treated in STP of 50KLD and the
treated sewage will be used for
green belt development.
Air Environment During Construction Phase:
In the construction phase, activities like site
clearance, site leveling, movements of
workers and material, construction of road,
transportation activities will generate dust,
gaseous pollutants and particulate matter
and affect the air quality.
Barricading the construction area and
minimizing exposed areas to reduce
dust generation.
Areas generating dust during dry
weather will be sprayed with water.
Appropriate enclosed areas for storage
of construction materials.
Facilitating the workers with required
Personal Protective Equipments.
During Operation Phase:
1. Flue gas emission
1. Provide Adequate stack height to
control flue gas emission
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2. Process gas emission
2. Product gases laden with carbon
black particle from manufacturing
process are filtered at process bag
collector and vapor bag collector for
separation of carbon black particles
from process gases. Off gases
filtered through bag collectors are
utilized as fuel in steam boiler and
dryer combustor.
Fugitive emission Control equipment for fugitive
emissions
Process shall be closed system
and vents are connected to the
scrubbing system
Transfer of the material for
proposed plant shall be through
pipeline
Leak detectors shall be installed
near by the source of leakage
Sweeping on roads.
Proper monitoring system shall
be established once the
operation starts.
Bitumen roads are laid inside the
plant premises.
Land Environment During Construction Phase:
The activities carried out during the
construction phase will involve a change in
the land use from vacant industrial land to
a built up industrial land, which will pose
the following impacts on the land
environment.
1. Compaction of soil and a change in the
soil structure due to the use of heavy
construction vehicles and machineries.
2. Removal of soil from the site.
3. Mixing of the topsoil and subsoil.
4. Dispersion of dust.
1. The removed soil will be properly
stored for subsequent
reinstatement.
2. Reuse of excess excavated material
for road development, green belt
development and landscaping.
3. A well designed closed depository
for storage of construction
materials to prevent land/soil
pollution.
4. Effective stabilization of altered
landforms to minimize soil erosion
and the potential for water
pollution (e.g.vegetation).
5. Reuse of construction wastes such
as sand, brick, gravel, cement for
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developing internal road and
project structures.
During Operation Phase:
Generation of Hazardous Waste & solid
waste from process
The various hazardous waste generated
from the process will be stored in a
separate hazardous waste storage area
and properly disposed as per the
Hazardous and Other Wastes
(Management and Trans boundary
Movement) Amendment Rules, 2016.
The Solid Wastes generated during
construction and operation phases will
be segregated to organic and inorganic
wastes. The organic wastes will be
disposed to Municipal bins and
inorganic waste will sell to TNPCB
authorized vendors.
Noise Environment During Construction Phase:
During construction phase, the noise will
mostly be generated from building
activities and machineries used for carrying
out construction. Construction activities
mainly involve diesel generators, laying of
foundation, erection of superstructure,
clearing of obstruction and trees if any
from the proposed area. Activities such as
construction of labour camps, onsite office,
pneumatic hammers, compressors,
concrete mixers, construction material
plants however does not cause significant
noise pollution but if the work continues
for longer duration, it can affect the health
of local people and workers involved in the
project work.
1. Selection of equipment’s of high
quality.
2. Transportation activities will be
carried out only during the day and
only in case of emergency, the
transportation activities will be
permitted in night time.
3. The vehicles used for construction
activities and transportation of
materials will be provided with the
horn of low noise level as
recommended by RTO/ concerned
authorities.
4. Minimization of operation time of
noisy equipment and operation of
machineries/equipment that
generate high levels of noise only
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during day time.
5. Inadequate use of plant and
equipment, namely, running on full
power when the work does not
necessitate it will be avoided.
6. Personal Protective Equipment’s,
education and public awareness
and exposure control through
rotation of work will be provided to
the workers engaged in
construction activities in the area
generating high levels of noise.
7. Development of green belt during
construction stage itself.
During Operation Phase:
Project operation
Oiling and lubrication, Earplugs and
Earmuffs will be provided
Maximum possible area will be covered
as greenbelt and other forms of
greenery.
Infrastructure &
Services
Project Development shall be gradual
Environmental
Hazards
Handling and storage of chemicals & fuels On site & Off-site Disaster management
plan & Safe practices.
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11.8 SUMMARY
An Environmental Impact Assessment Study has been carried out and assessed for the
proposed project based on the ToR and baseline quality data collected for the study area.
Identification and anticipation of the potential environmental impacts due to the proposed
project with a delineation of appropriate impact mitigation measures in an Environmental
Management plan during both construction and operation phases is provided in the EIA
report prepared.
The proposed project will ensure that the industrial activities relevant to the project are
environmentally sound with no adverse impacts posed on the natural environment in the
surrounding area.
The marginal impacts that might be caused by the proposed activity will be mitigated by the
pollution control and environmental management measures.
In a true and a larger sense, in view of the considerable benefits from the project with no
major impacts, the proposed project is said to be more beneficial to the nation.
The EMP that will be implemented for the construction and operation stages of the project
will include:
Air Pollution control and management
Noise Control and Management
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
Sewage treatment and Management
Effluent treatment and Management
DMP (Risk Assessment, Onsite and Offsite Emergency Plan)
In order to effectively implement the EMP planned, an environmental management system
will be formulated.
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11.9 Conclusion
The EIA study of M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited has been carried out with respect to the TORs
awarded by MoEFCC, New Delhi. All the impacts likely to have an effect on the environment
have been identified and efficient/adequate mitigation measures have been proposed for
the same.
Considering the probability of likely impacts, M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited has planned adequate
mitigation measures and EMP. Further, M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited shall also undertake CSR/CER
activities which shall have beneficial impacts on the socio-economic environment. Measures
like rainwater harvesting, energy conservation and greenbelt development are also
noteworthy. Looking to the overall project scenario, employment potential and allied
development plans; it has been noticed that the proposed project would significantly help in
the improvement of the society and nation at large. M/s. PCBL (TN) Limited has committed
to implement all the pollution control measures to protect surrounding environment, also
this project can definitely improve the regional, state and national economy. Industrial
growth is an indication of socio-economic development. The implementation of this project
will definitely improve the physical and social infrastructure of the area.
The baseline study carried out for the study area indicates that all the physical, chemical and
biological characteristics of the environmental attributes in the surrounding area are well
within the permissible limits.
Based on this environmental assessment, the possible impacts during both pre-project and
post-project phase are anticipated and the necessary adequate control measures are
formulated to meet the statutory compliances.
With very minute negative impacts, the project positively leads to commercial business
opportunities, employment opportunities, increased revenue and infrastructural
development.
Thus, this project may kindly be granted Environmental Clearance.
M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.
403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL,
RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA
TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241
EMAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN
324
CHAPTER – 12
DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Environmental Consultants, Engineers &Turnkey Project Executors
NABET/QCI ACCREDITED EIA CONSULTANT
MoEFCC APPROVED LABORATORY
NABL ACCREDITED TESTING LABORATORY
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Company
OHSAS 18001:2007 Certified Company
M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.
403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL,
RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA
TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241
EMAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN
325
12.1COMPANY PROFILE
Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. is a Surat based company; one of the leading and
multidiscipline Environmental Management Consulting firms of the region.
Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd.was founded by Mr. Jayesh S. Patel& Mrs. Archana J.
Patelon May 7, 2008 and Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. was registered under the
companies Acton May 7, 2008.
Office having 6,756 Sq. Ft. of area coveringEC/EIA Department, R & D Centre (Environmental
Laboratory), Consent (CTE &CC&A) Department, ETP/Project Department, Solar Department, Export
Department and Account Department, Library, Conference room andAdministration Department, etc.
with experienced and qualified staff to render services in the field of Environmental Management of
various types of industries.
Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. has a well-established track record in monitoring legislation
and developing and implementing strategies for organizations that enable them to manage the impact
of environmental issues on their business.
The company has built a reputation for delivering innovative and practical solutions to environment
related business issues. These solutions help our clients to achieve successful business outcomes and
make sustainable environment serving improvements within their business operations.
M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. has applied to get the recognition as Environmental
Laboratory under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 on June 12, 2019. Based on recommendations of
the Expert Committee for recognition of Environmental Laboratories in its 63rd meeting held on 1st
October, 2020, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) approves the
recognition of M/s. Aqua Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd., considering the current validity of
mandatory accreditation / certifications of the laboratory. This recognition shall be valid up to Dec 3rd,
2021.
M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.
403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL,
RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA
TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241
EMAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN
326
Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. started the process for “EIA Consultant Organization”
accreditation under National Accreditation Board for Education And Training (NABET)/Quality Council
of India (QCI), New Delhi on January 7, 2010 and submitted the application (Rev. 06) for “EIA
Consultant Organization” accreditation under NABET, New Delhi on April 8, 2010. Office assessment
was done by external NABET/QCI auditors on Feb. 3& 4, 2011. NABET/QCI closed the application of
Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. on March 15, 2011. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt.
Ltd. filed SCA in Hon’ble High Court of Gujarat against MoEFCC, QCI & NABET, New Delhi on April 13,
2012. Hon’ble High Court of Gujarat issued stay order against operation of all OMs (related to
NABET/QCI Scheme) of MoEFCC, New Delhi for the company on Jan. 24, 2013. MoEFCC, New Delhi
published Notification regarding mandatory implementation accreditation scheme of NABET/QCI on
March 3, 2016. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers P. Ltd. along with 11 EIA Consultants of Gujarat filed
SCA No. 5312 of 2016 in Hon'ble High Court of Gujarat. Hon'ble High Court of Gujarat gave Stay Order
on Apr. 5, 2016 against implementation of Notification dated March 3, 2016 of MoEFCC, New Delhi till
further orders.
M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd.have written letter to withdraw their name from Court
case from Hon’ble High Court of Gujarat and have received the Withdrawal receipt copy from their
Advocate.
M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd.has applied for NABET/QCI Accreditation on March 11,
2020 along with Desktop Assessment – 1 (DA-1) fees covering 22 Sectors.M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental
Engineers Pvt. Ltd.'s Desktop Assessment – 1 (DA-1) is already completed and all NC’s generated by
QCI/NABET secretariat have been closed by Aqua-Air. Aqua-Air has paid the Desktop Assessment – 2
(DA-2) fees and DA-2 was completed on May 28, 2020. Aqua-Air’s Office Assessment took place during
Oct. 5 to 8, 2020 & NABET’s Accreditation committee granted accreditation on Nov. 6, 2020 (valid till
Oct. 7, 2023) for 16 sectors i.e. Mining of minerals (opencast), Thermal power plants, Cement Plants,
Soda ash Industry, Chemical fertilizers, Pesticides industry and pesticide specific intermediates
(excluding formulations), Manmade fibers manufacturing, Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes &
dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic
organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates), Distilleries, Pulp and
Paper Industry, Industrial estates/ parks/ complexes/areas, export processing Zones (EPZs), Special
M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.
403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL,
RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA
TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241
EMAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN
327
Economic Zones (SEZs), Biotech Parks, Leather Complexes, Common hazardous waste treatment,
storage and disposal facilities (TSDFs), Bio-medical waste treatment facilities, Common Effluent
Treatment Plants (CETPs), Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility (CMSWMF)&Building
and construction projects.
M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. started the process for ISO/IEC 17025:2005
Accreditation by NABL, New Delhi for the Competence Testing & Calibration Laboratories on June 24,
2008 and submitted the application (Version No. 10) to NABL, New Delhi for ISO/IEC 17025:2005
registration on October 7, 2008. After final assessment and Non-Conformances resolved and corrective
actions taken against the Non-Conformances, Laboratory Department,M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental
Engineers Pvt. Ltd. was accredited with the certification of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 on Oct. 15, 2010 and
was valid up to Oct. 14, 2012. Re-accreditation of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 was received on June 5, 2013
and was valid up to June 4, 2015. Re-accreditation of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 was received on Jan. 6, 2016
and was valid up to Jan. 5, 2018. Re-accreditation of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 was received on May 28, 2018
and is valid up to May 27, 2020.
M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. started the process for ISO 9001:2008 registration for
Quality Management System on December 1, 2009 and submitted the application for ISO 9001:2008
registration on March 4, 2010. After final assessment, M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
was certified from ANAB by M/s. Intertek System Certification on May 4, 2010 and it was valid up to
May 4, 2013.We were re-certified on May 4,2013 and it was valid up to May 4, 2016.We were re-
certified on May 30, 2016 and it was valid up to Sept. 14, 2018. M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers
Pvt. Ltd. got ISO 9001:2015 from M/s. Equalitas Certifications Ltd. on Dec, 4, 2018 and it is valid up to
Dec. 3, 2021. M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engrs. Pvt. Ltd. got OHSAS18001:2007from M/s. Equalitas
Certifications Ltd. on March 16, 2019 and it is valid up to March 15, 2022.
M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engrs. Pvt. Ltd. applied for recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental
Auditor" with Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) on Sept. 11, 2008 and got its first recognition as
"Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" from the GPCB on Dec. 24, 2008 and it was valid from Jan. 1, 2009
to Dec. 31, 2010. M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engrs. Pvt. Ltd. applied for renewal of recognition as
"Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" with Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) on Dec. 21, 2010 and
M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.
403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL,
RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA
TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241
EMAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN
328
got its second recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" from the GPCB on Oct. 24, 2011and
it was valid from Jan. 1, 2011 to Dec. 31, 2012. M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engrs. Pvt. Ltd. applied for
renewal of recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" with Gujarat Pollution Control Board
(GPCB) on Dec. 12, 2012 and got its third recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" from the
GPCB on Jan. 4, 2014and it was valid from Jan. 1, 2013 to Dec. 31, 2014. M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental
Engrs. Pvt. Ltd. applied for renewal of recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" with Gujarat
Pollution Control Board (GPCB) on Dec. 6, 2014 and got its fourth recognition as "Schedule–II
Environmental Auditor" from the GPCB on Jan. 17, 2015and it was valid from Jan. 1, 2015 to Dec. 31,
2016.M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engrs. Pvt. Ltd. applied for renewal of recognition as "Schedule–II
Environmental Auditor" (under Modified Environmental Audit Scheme dated Jan. 23, 2015) with
Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) on Nov. 27, 2017 and got its fifth recognition as "Schedule–II
Environmental Auditor" from the GPCB on Feb. 13, 2017and it was valid from Jan. 1, 2017 to Dec. 31,
2018.M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engrs. Pvt. Ltd. applied for renewal of recognition as "Schedule–II
Environmental Auditor" with Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) on Nov. 5, 2018 and got its sixth
recognition as "Schedule–II Environmental Auditor" from the GPCB on March 28, 2019and it is valid
from Jan. 1, 2019 to Dec. 31, 2020.
M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. received the Certificate of Registration of Trade Mark,
Section 23 (2), Rule 62 (1) from Trade Marks Registry, Govt. of India on January 18, 2011.
The company’s work is spread all over Gujarat in India& Oman. Company have already prepared 578
Form-1, 496 EIA & EMP reports, 477 Risk Assessment & DMP reports, conducted 90 Public Hearings
and obtained 453 Environmental Clearances so far that includes Mining of minerals including opencast
/ underground mining, Thermal power plants, Mineral beneficiation, Metallurgical industries (ferrous &
non-ferrous), Cement Plants, Chlor-alkali industry, Soda ash Industry, Chemical fertilizers, Pesticides
industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations), Manmade fibers manufacturing,
Petrochemical based processing (processes other than cracking & reformation and not covered under
the complexes), Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and
intermediates excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic
organic chemicals and chemical intermediates), Distilleries, Pulp and Paper Industry, Sugar Industry,
Industrial estates/ parks/ complexes/areas, export processing Zones (EPZs), Special Economic Zones
M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.
403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL,
RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA
TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241
EMAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN
329
(SEZs), Biotech Parks, Leather Complexes, Common hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal
facilities (TSDFs), Bio-medical waste treatment facilities, Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs),
Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility (CMSWMF), Building and construction projects &
Townships and Area development projects.
Company's MoEFCC Approved Laboratory &NABL Accredited Testing Laboratory has conducted
Environmental Monitoring & Analysiswith Environmental Institute and Gujarat Pollution Control Board
in Industrial Estates of Ankleshwar, Panoli &Jhagadia.Company is also doing Turnkey/Consulting
Projects for M/s. BASF (Detail Engineering for Effluent Treatment Plant) & M/s. Reva Proteins Ltd.
(Design of Effluent Treatment Plant, supply of mechanical items, Commissioning and operation of
Effluent Treatment Plant).
12.2 ABOUT US
Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. has registered office in one of the top five fastest growing
cities of India – Surat. We are one of the most trusted and reliable environmental engineering and
consultancy service providers. With complete hold in the related domain and proficiency, we execute
our work all over India as well as in Oman.
In addition to engineering consultancy, we also execute turnkey projects for effluent treatment plants
at the client's site.
Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd is:
One of the leading companies in the region providing high quality services in environmental
engineering and consulting to the best of client's satisfaction.
Posses a well - developed design office with Computer Center and Laboratory -cum- R&D Center to
carry out designing and analysis in the field of environmental engineering.
Recognized as Schedule-II Environmental Auditor under the Environment Audit Scheme proposed
by the Hon'ble High Court of Gujarat.
Listed with Gujarat Pollution Control Board as Consultants and proposing to get enlisted with GPCB
as Pollution Control Equipment Suppliers.
Going to become a member of Consulting Engineers Association of India.
M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.
403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL,
RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA
TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241
EMAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN
330
Having well-developed library to render services in the field of environmental auditing, consulting,
monitoring and analysis.
12.3 ACHIEVEMENTS
1. Registered under the companies Acton May 7, 2008.
2. Gujarat Pollution Control Board Recognized Schedule – II Environmental Auditor on Dec. 24,
2008. Gujarat Pollution Control Board Recognized Schedule – II Environmental Auditor on May
4, 2011. And last Certificate of Gujarat Pollution Control Board Recognized Schedule – II
Environmental Auditor is valid up to Dec. 31, 2020.
3. Certificate of ISO 9001:2008 received on May 4, 2010. Certificate of ISO 9001:2015 received on
Dec. 4, 2018 & Certificate is valid up to Dec. 3, 2021.
4. Import Export License received from Government of India on May 31, 2010.
5. Solvency Certificate of Rs. 1,40,00,000/- received from Bank of India, Gopipura branch, Surat on
Sept. 3, 2010.
6. Certificate of National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)
received on Oct. 15, 2010. And last Certificate of NABL is valid up to May 27, 2020.
7. Certificate of Registration of Trade Mark, Section 23 (2), Rule 62 (1) from Trade Marks Registry,
Govt. of India on Jan. 18, 2011.
8. Certificate of Authorization as dealer in India received from Spectrum Technologies, Inc., USA
on May 1, 2011.
9. Gujarat Pollution Control Board Recognized Schedule – II Environmental Auditor on May 4,
2011.
10. Certificate of ISO 9001:2008 received on April 1, 2013 (Reassessment). And Certificate is valid
up to May 4, 2016.
11. Certificate of National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)
received on June 05, 2013. (Reassessment). And Certificate of NABL is valid up to June 4, 2015.
12. Gujarat Pollution Control Board Recognized Schedule – II Environmental Auditor on January 4,
2014 (Reassessment). And Certificate of Gujarat Pollution Control Board Recognized Schedule –
II Environmental Auditor is valid up to January 17, 2017.
13. SMERA solar grading SMERA SP 2A.
M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.
403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL,
RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA
TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241
EMAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN
331
14. Ministry of New and renewable Energy (MNRE) and Gujarat Energy Development Agency
(GEDA) Channel Partner for grid connected Roof Top division.
15. Got registered with Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME) (UAN:
GJ22D0183036) on Dec. 5, 2017.
16. Got Certificate of ISO 9001:2015 ON Dec. 4, 2018 and valid up to Dec. 3, 2021.
17. Got Certificate of OHSAS 18001:2007 on March 16, 2019 and valid up to March 15, 2022.
18. M/s. Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers Pvt. Ltd. have already applied for NABET/QCI
Accreditation on March 11, 2020 along with Desktop Assessment – 1 (DA-1) fees covering 22
Sectors.
12.4 SERVICE PROVIDE
M/s. AQUA-AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD. offers following specialized services in
Environmental Engineering, Water Supply Engineering and Civil Engineering.
4.1 TURN KEY/BOOT/BOO PROJECTS
4.1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Detailed design Water Treatment Plants (WTPs)
Construction Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs)
Fabrication Recycling Plants (RPs)
Piping Zero Discharge Plants (ZDPs)
Electrification Incineration System Plants (ISPs)
Supply Hazardous waste Storage areas (HWSAs)
Erection Secured/ Sanitary Landfill Facilities
Testing and Commissioning of Effluent
Treatment Plants (ETPs)
Bio–Medical Waste (BMW) Treatment
Facilities on a turnkey or BOOT/BOO basis.
Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)
4.1.2 CIVIL ENGINEERING
Construction of
Water Treatment Plan Elevated Service Reservoirs (ESRs)
Sewage Treatment plant Underground Reservoirs (UGRs)
Industrial Wastewater Treatment plant Sewage Pumping Stations, etc.
M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.
403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL,
RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA
TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241
EMAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN
332
4.2 CONSULTING
4.2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
1. Complete study of the Pollution Problem in industries from wastes generation to disposal
and providing necessary technical knowledge like–
Know how including design Zero Discharge Plants (ZDPs)
Basic engineering, detailed engineering Recycling plants (RPs) for reuse of water upto
maximum extent Water Treatment Plants (WTPs)
Tender preparation for Effluent Treatment
Plants (ETPs) for industrial wastewater
Incineration System Plants (ISPs) for various
non-biodegradable or toxic industrial wastes
Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) for
residential wastewater
Design of Hazardous waste Storage area and
Secured/ Sanitary Landfill Facilities
Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) Design and Consultancy Services for Bio –
Medical Waste Treatment Facilities.
2. Water Supply Distribution System
Analysis Tender preparation
Design
3. Laboratory Analysis of
Ambient Air/Stack/Vent Industrial Waste Water
Water Soil
Sewage Industrial Sludge
4. Process Study
Reduce the pollution at source Reuse / Recycle effluent
5. Pollution Control Facility
Performance study of existing Suggesting scheme for the optimization of the
facility
6. Environment Management
Environmental Clearance from Environmental Impact Assessment Studies
(EIAs)
MoEFCC, New Delhi Short term (Rapid)
SEAC & SEIAA, Gandhinagar Long term (Comprehensive)
Environmental statements Environmental Auditing
M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.
403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL,
RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA
TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241
EMAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN
333
7. Statutory Requirements under Factory
Act
Safety Audit HAZOP study
On-site / Off-site Emergency Plan
8. For Various Energy Conservation
Schemes
Energy Audit Design
9. Environmental Management System
Preparing Adequacy Report Preparing Efficacy Report
10. Operation and Maintenance (O & M)
Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs)
Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)
Water Treatment Plants (WTPs)
Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs)
11. Air Monitoring
Ambient Air Stack
Vent
12. Pollution Control
Effluent Survey Feasibility Studies
Environmental review of Pollution control
equipment and systems
Laboratory bench scale Treatability studies
Pilot Plant studies, etc.
13. Consulting Service
Consent to Establish (CTE)/NOC Consolidated Consents & Authorization (CCA)
CTE for revised product mix Rule-9 Permission, etc.
14. As per requirements under Factory Act-1948 and Gujarat Factory Rules
Monitoring Filling up Form-37
Monitoring &Analysis of Work Area
Environment
15. Technical Consultation & assistance to ensure and assure compete Environ-Legal
compliance
Required permits from statutory bodies Clearance
Consents
M/S. AQUA – AIR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.
403, CENTER POINT, NR. KADIWALASCHOOL,
RING ROAD, SURAT – 395002 (GUJ.) INDIA
TEL: +91 (261) 2460854/2461241
EMAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: WWW.AQUA-AIR.CO.IN
334
4.3 EQUIPMENT DESIGN/MFG. / SUPPLY/COMMISSIOIN
4.3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
1. Design, manufacture and supply of Pollution Control Equipment such as
Incinerators with scrubbers Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) units
Autoclaves Cyclone
Hydro-claves Scrubbers
Fixed Aerators Bag Filters, Flume extraction systems
Floating Aerators API separator
Submersible Aerators (EOLO2) Vacuum drum filter
Submersible Mixers (RIO or BRIO) Filter Press
Cascade Aerators Solid Bowl Centrifuge
Clarifier mechanisms Packaged sewage treatment plant
Agitators Filtration system
Clariflocculator Reverse Osmosis
Flocculator mechanism DM plant
Flash mixes Packaged water treatment plant
Oil skimmers
MBR
Reacting Vessel
MBBR