Metacompetence and Metacompetence and repairrepair

ExamplesExamples

repairrepair metacompetence metacompetenceVelar nasalVelar nasal1)1) Produce Polish Produce Polish

words e.g. words e.g. ręka, ręka, bank, gang, bank, gang, angielski, angielski, pielęgniarka, punktpielęgniarka, punkt

2)2) Produce English Produce English words e.g. words e.g. longer, longer, stronger, youngerstronger, younger //gg//

3)3) Remove the context Remove the context of a velar plosive of a velar plosive and produce it only and produce it only mentallymentally / /lolo + g + g/, /, stron + gerstron + ger

1)1) // / - velar nasal - / - velar nasal - articulatory articulatory descriptiondescription

2)2) CA: Polish – CA: Polish – different different distribution, distribution, produced only produced only before velar before velar consonants /k/ /g/, consonants /k/ /g/, always always //kk/ lub / lub //gg/ /

e.g. e.g. rękaręka [r [rka], ka], bank, gang, bank, gang, angielski, angielski, pielęgniarka, pielęgniarka, punktpunkt

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4.4. Divide nonsense Divide nonsense words into words into syllables e.g. syllables e.g. kingking - /ki- /ki - g - g/, /, tonguetongue - /t- /t - g - g//

5.5. Produce the Produce the second element second element only mentally only mentally

3.3. Memory peg: 'car Memory peg: 'car racing' sound, racing' sound, kinaesthetic kinaesthetic feedbackfeedback

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AspirationAspiration1.1. Produce Polish Produce Polish

sentences being sentences being irritatedirritated

e.g.e.g. No który, No który, który ?!który ?! [kt[ktu:ru:r]]

Tylko on !Tylko on ! [t[tlklk]]Kto to tutaj tak tupie ?!Kto to tutaj tak tupie ?!

2.2. Code-switch into Code-switch into EnglishEnglish

e.g. e.g. Tim told me that Tim told me that terrible tale.terrible tale.

Pass the pepper will you Pass the pepper will you please.please.

1.1. Articulatory Articulatory description – puff description – puff of airof air

2.2. CA – aspiration in CA – aspiration in Polish - in highly Polish - in highly emotional speech, emotional speech, expressing expressing irritationirritation

3.3. Tactile mode: Tactile mode: props (matches, props (matches, feather)feather)

4.4. Mountain climbingMountain climbing

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E. glottal /h/ vs. P. E. glottal /h/ vs. P. velar /x/velar /x/

1.1. METAPHONOLOGY METAPHONOLOGY – glottal /h/ - – glottal /h/ - murmur, breathing murmur, breathing sound sound

e.g. /h/ + e.g. /h/ + omeome,,

/h/ + /h/ + ouseouse,,

/h/ + /h/ + ighigh,,

/h/ + /h/ + elloello

1.1. Articulatory Articulatory description: glottisdescription: glottis

2.2. CA – different CA – different place of place of articulation - clear articulation - clear contrast (velar vs. contrast (velar vs. glottal fricative)glottal fricative)

3.3. Memory peg - dog Memory peg - dog panting sound, panting sound, breathing deeply breathing deeply when examined by when examined by a doctor a doctor

repairrepair metacompetence metacompetenceE. alveolars vs. P.E. alveolars vs. P.

dentals /t/ dentals /t/ /d/ /s/ /z/ /d/ /s/ /z/

1.1. 'Foreigner talk' - 'Foreigner talk' - pretending a pretending a foreigner speaking foreigner speaking Polish with an Polish with an English accent (L1 English accent (L1 with L2 accent)with L2 accent)

e.g. e.g. To tata tutaj tak To tata tutaj tak tupietupie

Zuzanna zawsze Zuzanna zawsze zjada zapiekankęzjada zapiekankę

Samochód Sama Samochód Sama sunie samsunie sam

1.1. Articulatory Articulatory description – description – tongue positiontongue position

2.2. CA: different place CA: different place of articulationof articulation

3.3. Assimilation of Assimilation of place of place of articulation in front articulation in front of post-alveolars of post-alveolars taught explicitlytaught explicitly

4.4. Articulatory warm-Articulatory warm-up – tongue tip up – tongue tip activation (a series activation (a series of quick taps in the of quick taps in the alveolar region)alveolar region)

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2.2. Assimilation of Assimilation of place of place of articulation (in articulation (in front of post-front of post-alveolars)alveolars)

e.g. e.g. /t/ & /d/ dental /t/ & /d/ dental alveolar alveolar

e.g. e.g. trzymaćtrzymać [t [t ] ] [ t[ t ] ]matczynymatczyny [ t t [ t t

[ t[ ttt]]drzewodrzewo [d [d ] ]

[ d[ d ] ]odczepićodczepić [d t [d t [ t [ ttt]]

repairrepair metacompetence metacompetenceWeak vowel reductionWeak vowel reduction High vowels can High vowels can

undergo complete undergo complete reduction, reduction, especially in especially in unstressed position unstressed position in casual speechin casual speech

e.g.e.g. prez(y)dentprez(y)dent ['pr['przdzdnt]nt]

uniwers(y)tetuniwers(y)tet [u[ui'vi'vrstrstt]t]w og(ó)lew og(ó)le ['v ['vglgl], ],

na prz(y)kładna prz(y)kład

ENG: ENG: secret(a)ry, secret(a)ry, ord(i)nary, cam(e)raord(i)nary, cam(e)ra

1.1. Stressed / Stressed / unstressed unstressed syllablessyllables

2.2. Visual Visual reinforcement:reinforcement:

- reduced vowels - reduced vowels crossed outcrossed out

- text with only - text with only schwaschwa transcribed transcribed

e.g e.g teachteach camecame tt meme

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2.2. Max centralisation Max centralisation of low and mid of low and mid vowels to /vowels to // at the / at the end of an end of an utterance in utterance in casual speech casual speech

3.3. Kinaesthetic: Kinaesthetic: clapping, banging clapping, banging stressed syllables stressed syllables OR props – elastic OR props – elastic bandband

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Word stressWord stress

1.1. non-penultimate non-penultimate stress in Polish !? stress in Polish !? in casual speechin casual speech

e.g. e.g. pre'zydentpre'zydent – – 'prezdent'prezdent

w 'ogóle - 'w oglew 'ogóle - 'w ogle

1.1. Stress shift Stress shift

e.g. e.g. 'photograph, 'photograph, pho'tographer, pho'tographer, photo'graphicphoto'graphic

'politics, po'litical, 'politics, po'litical, poli'ticianpoli'tician

2.2. Kinaesthetic – Kinaesthetic – showing the stress showing the stress

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Dark velarized [Dark velarized []]1.1. REGIONAL – Kresy REGIONAL – Kresy

Wschodnie, stage Wschodnie, stage Polish e.g. Polish e.g. lampalampa

2.2. Application into Application into EnglishEnglish

e.g. e.g. table, pool, doll, table, pool, doll, aisle, fatal, ableaisle, fatal, able

1.1. Articulatory Articulatory description - description - velarised apico-velarised apico-alveolaralveolar in non-pre- in non-pre-vocalic positionsvocalic positions

2.2. Kinaesthetic Kinaesthetic feedback:feedback:

- contact the tongue, - contact the tongue, suck in airsuck in air

- say interchangeably - say interchangeably /l/ & /l/ & [[]]

3.3. HIST. – old Polish [HIST. – old Polish [] ] changed into [w]changed into [w]

E. palato-alveolars vs. P. E. palato-alveolars vs. P. post-alveolars & alveolo-post-alveolars & alveolo-

palatalspalatals /t/t/ /d/ /d/ // // // // / /// // // /t/ /t/ /d/ /d/ / /// // // /t/ /t/ /d/ /d// LOAN WORDS – palatalised variants LOAN WORDS – palatalised variants

of Polish post-alveolars of Polish post-alveolars Eng. Eng. palato-alveolarspalato-alveolars

e.g. e.g. Chile, Czilijczyk, dżinsy, dżip, Chile, Czilijczyk, dżinsy, dżip, dżin, żigolodżin, żigolo

Final obstruents Final obstruents devoicingdevoicing

1.1. Emphasis e.g. "Powiedziałam koEmphasis e.g. "Powiedziałam kodd, , a nie koa nie kott""

2.2. We add a vowel - after full release We add a vowel - after full release vowel offglide (Pol. voicing vowel offglide (Pol. voicing assimilation) + andassimilation) + and

Regressive sandhi voicing (voicing Regressive sandhi voicing (voicing assimilation)assimilation)

DIALECT - DIALECT - pre-sonorantpre-sonorant – the voicing of – the voicing of any preceding word-final obstuents varies any preceding word-final obstuents varies geographically:geographically:

a) VOICING PRONUNCIATION - Śląsk, a) VOICING PRONUNCIATION - Śląsk, Wielkopolska, MałopolskaWielkopolska, Małopolska

np. np. kot albokot albo [k [kd albd alb]] brat ojcabrat ojca [ d [ d ]] państw amerykipaństw ameryki [w a] [w a] b) DEVOICING PRONUNCIATION – b) DEVOICING PRONUNCIATION –

Mazowsze, Pomerania Mazowsze, Pomerania np. np. kot albo, kod albokot albo, kod albo [k [kt albt alb]]

Pre-obstruent voicingPre-obstruent voicing

voiced obstuent in the onset – voiced obstuent in the onset – voicing context for voiceless voicing context for voiceless consonants in the coda – the whole consonants in the coda – the whole area of Polandarea of Poland

las brzozowylas brzozowy [z b] [z b] dogs barkdogs bark [z b] [z b]

kotek Basikotek Basi [g b] [g b] food goodfood good [d g] [d g]

/r/ variants/r/ variants

retroflex post-alveolar, retroflex post-alveolar, tap in tap in intervocalic positionsintervocalic positions

P. – alveolar trill, rollP. – alveolar trill, roll Polish rendition of e.g. Polish rendition of e.g. karakara is English is English

flap-like /flap-like ///

tr-, kr-, pr- devoiced fricative tr-, kr-, pr- devoiced fricative obstruentobstruent

liquid sonorants usually undergo partial liquid sonorants usually undergo partial devoicing following voiceless obstruents devoicing following voiceless obstruents

e.g.e.g. klklej, ej, prprać, ać, plplotka -otka - clay, pray, play clay, pray, play word finally following a voiceless obstruentword finally following a voiceless obstruent e.g.e.g.wiatrwiatr [vjatr[vjatr] ] świekr, akrświekr, akr [kr [kr] ] cepr, bóbrcepr, bóbr [pr[pr] ] pomysłpomysł [p [pmmswsw]]rytmrytm [r[rtmtm] ]

PalatalizationPalatalization

DIALECT DIALECT a) some dialects softening before a) some dialects softening before

each /each // e.g. / e.g. geografiageografia b) in some dialects (e.g. Warszawa, b) in some dialects (e.g. Warszawa,

Lublin) no palatalization at allLublin) no palatalization at all e.g. e.g. kiedykiedy [k [kdd], ], krótkikrótki [krutk [krutk], ], kijkij

[k[kj]j] Eng. - Eng. - very weak or novery weak or no palatalisation palatalisation

in pre-palatal contextsin pre-palatal contexts

Desyllabification (insertion of a Desyllabification (insertion of a syllable boundary) REPAIR – syllable boundary) REPAIR –

fortitionfortition P. – palatal nasals e.g. P. – palatal nasals e.g. panipani / /i/ vs. i/ vs. pan i pan i

jego piesjego piese.g. e.g. needneed n + i n + idd minuteminute mine + ju mine + jutt beneathbeneath ben + eath ben + eath newnew n+ ju n+ ju Other consonants in palatalisationOther consonants in palatalisation--prone prone

contexts contexts e.g. e.g. keenkeen k+ i k+ in n

Vowel contrasts E. /iVowel contrasts E. /i::/ vs / vs //// P /i/ vs / P /i/ vs / //

LOAN WORDS – new minimal pairs:LOAN WORDS – new minimal pairs: /plastik/ materiał /plastik/ materiał vs. /plastvs. /plastk/ k/

zawódzawód /trik/ sztuczka/trik/ sztuczka vs. /trvs. /trk/ samiec k/ samiec

owcyowcy /tik/ ~ nerwowy/tik/ ~ nerwowy vs. /tvs. /tk/ ~ zegarak/ ~ zegara OR free variationOR free variation e.g. e.g. business, grillbusiness, grill i / i /

Vowels – /Vowels – // / /e/ /e/

Polish Polish /// raised to /e// raised to /e/ in the context in the context of palatal consonantsof palatal consonants

e.g. e.g. piepieniądz, niądz, piepieśńśń

ClustersClusters

presence P. vs. absence E. ofpresence P. vs. absence E. of release release of the first soundof the first sound in clusters in clusters

e.g.e.g. willa, lekki, oddaj, mottowilla, lekki, oddaj, motto - in - in casual speechcasual speech

nnon-homorganic clusters – on-homorganic clusters – unreleased stopunreleased stop

E. e.g. E. e.g. adoadoptpt, a, aptpt, perfe, perfectct P. e.g. P. e.g. ponaponadtdto, oo, odtdtwarzaćwarzać - casual - casual

speech – no releasespeech – no release

Assimilation & elisionAssimilation & elision

pies szczekapies szczeka [pjes [pjes ttka] ka] [pje[pje ttka]ka] pas zielonypas zielony [z [z e] e] [ [ e ]e ] to wszystkoto wszystko [sk [sk]] nie wiemnie wiem [n' [n'm]m]