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video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4DOQ6Xhqsshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4DOQ6Xhqss8/12/2019 Macromolecules and Energy
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MACRONUTRIENTS
These are out directsources of energyfor daily life, physical exercise and workconsumed in large amounts
There are 3 types:
1. Protein 2. Carbohydrate 3. Fat
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PROTEIN
directly involved in fundamental chemical processes of life
when ingested:
-broken down into 20 amino acids
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PROTEIN
directly involved in fundamental chemical processes of life
when ingested:
-broken down into 20 amino acids
- 9 essential amino acids attained through food (body
produces 11 others)
Complete proteinfood that contains all 9
amino acids
- meat, eggs, cheese and milk
Incomplete proteinfoods containing one but
not all essential amino acids
- vegetables and fruits
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each gram of protein contains 4 Calories of energy
for every kilogram of body weight, an adult needs 0.8
grams of protein
necessary for growth and repair of all tissues, and a
critical component of hormones, enzymes and the immune
system
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FAT
insulate and protect vital organs
highest energy yield = 9 calories of energy per gram
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Saturated
-animal sources-LDL (low-density lipoproteins)
-high levels LDL increased cholesterol plaque on
artery walls heart disease
Unsaturated
-plant sources
- high concentrations of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
- flushed out of body
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CARBOHYDRATE
most accessible energy source for the bodyis the most abundant organic
substance in nature
GLUCOSE -produced by photosynthesis, stored as GLYCOGEN in human
each gram yields 4 Calories of energy
If not utilized,
becomes fat
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Complex (starch)
-takes body longer to absorb
-80 % of total carb intake
-cereals, fruits, vegetables, legumes and
pasta
Simple (sugars)
-absorb MUCH faster
- refined white sugar, pop, candy, etc
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. . .but why is it important that we ingest carbohydrates?
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
- 3 phosphates attached to adenosine
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Estorage
= Eintake
- Eoutput
Calories
calorie: the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of pure
water by 1C
Calorie: a measure of the amount of energy that food will produce as it
passes through the body
-equals 1 kilocalorie (kcal) or 1 000 calories
In SI units
1 calorie = 4.184 joules
1 Calorie (kcal) = 4 184 joules (4.184 kJ)
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Daily calor ic need: the number of calories necessary to maintain onescurrent body weight (consists of: basal metabolic
rate, Calories for activity and the thermal effect of
food).
Estorage
= Eintake
- Eoutput
If,
Eintake< Eoutput= body mass
Eintake
> Eoutput
= body mass
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MICRONUTRIENTS
-needed in smaller quantities
- there are 3 types:
Vitamins Minerals Water
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Vitamins and Minerals
assist the body in: metabolism regulation, energy release and bone and
muscle synthesis
Key vitamins: A,B,C,D,E,K, thiamine and riboflavin
A, D, E, K fat soluble and toxic in high levels
B and C water soluble
7 key minerals: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium,
chloride and sulfur
Water
sufficient water is needed to help:
-aid in digestion, carry nutrients and eliminate waster products
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