Diesel-Electric Drives Lower emissions, greater reliability
MAN B&W Diesel3Diesel-Electric Drives – Lower emissions, greater reliability
MAN Diesel & Turbo The responsible way in leading technology
MAN Diesel & Turbo is the world’s leading designer and manufacturer of low and
medium speed engines – engines from MAN Diesel & Turbo cover an estimated 50%
of the power needed for all world trade. We develop two-stroke and four-stroke
engines, auxiliary engines, turbochargers and complete propulsion trains that are
manufactured both within the MAN Diesel & Turbo Group and at our licencees.
More than ever before, MAN Diesel & Turbo’s development focus is the environ-
mental performance of our engines. Using our unrivalled grasp of large engine
technology, we aim to make our engines progressively cleaner, more powerful and
more efficient.
We are firmly committed to reducing emissions while increasing fuel efficiency and
power density. This includes an active partnership with environmental institutions
and development banks. For our customers, it means engines and propulsion sys-
tems that result in powerful yet clean prime movers.
4 Diesel-Electric Drives – Lower emissions, greater reliability
MAN Diesel & Turbo: Electric Propulsion Reliability and reduced emissions
Looking to the future
The global maritime industry faces major challenges:
meeting new environmental and safety standards,
especially in terms emissions, without sacrificing
profitability or efficiency. MAN Diesel & Turbo under-
stands these pressures. We are working to give the
industry long-term solutions.
Full ahead from IMO Tier II to Tier III
In terms of engine emissions we provide our custom-
ers with engines that will meet the emissions limits
prescribed in the International Maritime Organisation’s
IMO MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI.
Currently this means complying with IMO Tier II and
IMO Tier III, the second and third stages of regulations
governing emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
With this security of supply in mind, MAN Diesel &
Turbo announced its full range of IMO Tier II compli-
ant low and medium speed diesels in 2008 – a full
shipbuilding cycle ahead of IMO Tier II’s 2011 intro-
duction. Now, to give the shipping industry clear, long
term perspectives, MAN Diesel & Turbo is offering so-
lutions for compliance with IMO Tier III, even further
ahead of its 2016 implementation date. Now, MAN
Diesel & Turbo is offering solutions that are already
compliant with IMO Tier III – ensuring the shipping in-
dustry is even better placed for the future.
Why propulsion systems matter
Besides emissions, increased environmental aware-
ness is leading to a range of restrictions on shipping.
For example, to minimise the damage to coral reefs,
vessels need to maintain their position without
anchoring. This requires smooth running and accurate
control of the propulsion plant.
But environmental considerations are not the only
factor. At sea, reliability is crucial. Moreover, propul-
sion plants must meet safety requirements while
maintaining profitability, through fuel efficiency.
The advantages of diesel-electric
Diesel-electric drives meet all these needs and more.
They offer a host of benefits, including reduced fuel
consumption, lower emissions, safe and reliable pro-
pulsion, improved manoeuvrability, and high redun-
dancy.
In particular, diesel-electric drives are effective in
meeting fluctuating power demands: multiple smaller
engines can be either switched off or run at full load,
providing greater flexibility and efficiency.
For a real-world example of these benefits, take ferries
that provide regular services across fjords and other
waterways. Electric propulsion’s superior manoeuvra-
bility has significantly reduced fuel consumption and
improved on-time running. So it’s not surprising that
the latest models are fitted with diesel-electric drives.
6 Diesel-Electric Drives – Lower emissions, greater reliability
MAN Diesel-Electric ApplicationsAn increasingly attractive source of propulsion
The time has come
Electric propulsion is not a recent innovation. But
only lately has it become a viable alternative, as the
technology has improved and components have
come down in cost. Over the last twenty years elec-
tric propulsion, combined with medium-speed diesel
engines, has been employed in increasing numbers
of consumers. Today, hundreds of different types of
ships are powered by diesel-electric drives, in a large
variety of configurations.
How it works
How does a diesel-electric plant work? Diesel-driven
generators provide electric power for both propulsion
and onboard purposes. For maximum efficiency,
MAN Diesel & Turbo ensures that the number of gen-
sets which are running matches the present power
demand, according to the mode of operation. The
electric power is then distributed via the main switch-
boards.
Variable speed drives, which include electric pro-
pulsion motors and frequency converters, are
another key component. Frequency converters
control the speed and torque of the propulsion motor
by varying the frequency.
In addition to that electric-powered azimuth thrusters
or pods can be applied in electric propulsion plants
which improve propulsion efficiency and positioning
capability. Available in various configurations for tran-
sit, manoeuvring and station keeping, these are in-
creasingly common in many types of vessels.
Advances in technology have made electric propulsion a field with high potential.
And there is no better way to exploit this potential for your application than with a
MAN Diesel & Turbo diesel-electric drive.
MAN B&W Diesel7Diesel-Electric Drives – Lower emissions, greater reliability
Sample Diesel-Electric Drive of a Platform Supply Vessel
* dependent on the type of frequency converter. Not needed in case of the use of a frequency converter with an Active Front End or in a 6 pulse application.
Diesel engines
Generators
Main switchboards
Supply transformers*
Frequency converters
Electric propulsion motors
Propulsors
(i.e. azimuth thrusters)
MAN Diesel & Turbo provides
complete electric propulsion
packages, ensuring perfectly
matched components and
optimised systems
8 Diesel-Electric Drives – Lower emissions, greater reliability
MAN B&W Diesel9Diesel-Electric Drives – Lower emissions, greater reliability
The Advantages of Diesel-ElectricEfficient, high-performance propulsion
Improved manoeuvrability and station-keeping
ability, by deploying special propulsors such as
azimuth thrusters or pods.
Increased payload, as diesel-electric systems take
up less space.
More flexibility in location of propulsors – because
the propulsors are supplied with electric power
through cables, they do not need to be adjacent to
the prime mover.
Lower propulsion noise and reduced vibrations, as
reduction transmissions are often not required.
Effective performance in icy conditions, as the sys-
tem can provide maximum torque at low speed.
Lower fuel consumption and emissions due to the
possibility to optimize loading of engines. Connec -
ted engines operate at high load, with maximum
efficiency.
Reduced life cycle costs, resulting from lower fuel
consumption and maintenance costs. In particular,
this applies to vessels that have a large variation in
load demand: for example, dynamic positioning (DP)
vessels, which divide their time equally between
transit and station-keeping operations.
High reliability, due to multiple engine redundancy.
Even if an engine malfunctions, there will still be
sufficient power to operate the vessel safely.
Reduced vulnerability to a single point of failure,
providing the basis for compliance with redundancy
requirements.
Diesel-electric systems by MAN Diesel & Turbo are designed to meet our
customers’ highest expectations. We offer full diesel-electric propulsion packages,
including everything from gensets to propulsors, including switchboards, converters,
transformers and motors. Our packages offer a host of benefits, including:
10 Diesel-Electric Drives – Lower emissions, greater reliability
Typical Diesel-Electric Applications
Passenger vessels
Passenger vessels – cruise ships and ferries – are an
important segment of shipping with a particularly
demanding freight: passengers. Onboard comfort is a
high priority, requiring low noise levels and vibrations
from the ship’s machinery. Electrical propulsion can
provide just that.
But comfort is not the only imperative: safety is para-
mount. Existing regulations, such as the International
Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS),
as well as new “Safe Return to Port” requirements,
stipulate both reliability and availability. In this respect,
the advantages of diesel-electric propulsion are well
known.
Not only are diesel-electric systems highly reliable,
they are also cost-efficient. For example, podded
propulsion increases propulsion efficiency by eight to
ten per cent. In addition to significantly reducing fuel
costs, these pods also improve manoeuvrability. As a
result, more and more cruise ships are being built with
diesel-electric systems.
Oil and gas exploration and production
Until quite recently, oil and gas wells were located in
shallow waters, where they could be drilled by jackup
rigs or drilling barges. When these shallow-water fields
became depleted, oil and gas companies moved into
deeper waters. However, these reservoirs can only be
tapped by large semi-submersible rigs or drillships,
which require a large quantity of electric power.
In addition to DP systems, drillships and semi-submer-
sibles are equipped with azimuth thrusters, which are
capable of propelling the vessel in any direction.These
thrusters are integrated into the vessel’s control system,
which uses satellite-positioning technology. In con -
junction with sensors located on the drilling template,
this ensures that the ship is directly above the drill site
at all times.
A typical installation consists of either two or three
separate engine rooms, depending on its DP classifi-
cation. Flexibility, availability and operational maintain-
ability are essential in these vessels – making diesel-
electric systems an ideal source of propulsion.
Shuttle tankers
Shuttle tankers are used to transport oil from offshore
facilities (platforms or floating, production, storage and
offloading, or FPSO vessels) to a processing or storage
terminal onshore. Many different offloading methods
are used. Most of them require the tankers to maintain
a fixed position (station keeping) with high accuracy,
even in changing conditions. To achieve this, most
shuttle tankers are equipped with a DP system and
electric tunnel or azimuth thrusters.
Many applications involve a high degree of redundancy
in propulsion for transit and station keeping. These
solutions normally comprise a redundant power gene-
ration and distribution system, with redundant propul-
sion converters and a tandem or redundant propulsion
motor.
Diesel-electric drives have a variety of applications. In fact, electric propulsion’s
numerous advantages make it an asset in a diverse range of highly-specialised
vessels.
MAN B&W Diesel11Diesel-Electric Drives – Lower emissions, greater reliability
Offshore support vessels
Electric propulsion is the norm in ships that frequently
require dynamic positioning (DP), such as platform
supply vessels, diving support vessels or pipe layers.
Initially these vessels mainly used variable speed
motor drives and fixed pitch (FP) propellers; now, they
mostly deploy variable speed thrusters.
In light of the lifetime benefits shown by economic
analyses, advanced anchor handling tug supply
(AHTS) vessels are increasingly being equipped with
hybrid diesel-mechanical and diesel-electric propul-
sion.
For vessels with a diverse range of activities, diesel-
electric propulsion delivers significantly lower fuel
consumption and emissions compared to convention-
al mechanical propulsion. Ship owners have reported
fuel savings of between 15-25 per cent, depending
on the operational profile, and even 30-40 per cent in
low-load DP operations.
Not surprisingly, electric propulsion has become the
leading design for vessels in many offshore oil and gas
fields, including the North Sea and Brazil. And it is be-
coming increasingly popular in new fields, as oil com-
panies seek to reduce operating costs and emissions.
Dredgers and construction vessels
Craft that operate in shallow waters, such as dredgers,
construction vessels and windmill installation vessels,
also benefit from diesel-electric propulsion and station-
keeping.
In these applications, electric propulsion meets a
number of criteria, such as accurate manoeuvrability,
fuel economy, and the ability to move working place
frequently. In vessels with a large ship service elec-
trical system, the ship service and propulsion power
generators can be combined, achieving higher flexi-
bility, redundancy and making better use of installed
power capacity.
12 Diesel-Electric Drives – Lower emissions, greater reliability
A Made-to-Measure Diesel-Electric ApplicationMAN’s methodology means the right diesel-electric system for you
Start
End
Ship data
Speed − power
estimation
Electrical load
analysis
Engine
selection
Switchboard
layout
Variable speed drive
and propulsion
motor design
Check
DE plant
Type of vessel
Propulsion type: shaft line, thrusters, pods, etc
Operational profile
Class notation: propulsion redundancy, ice class, etc
Ship design points
Propulsion power: at sea, manoeuvring, at port, etc
Sea margin
Electrical power: at sea, manoeuvring, at port, etc
Efficiency of DE plant: typically 91%
Efficiency of alternators: typically 96%-97.5%
Number und type of engines/gensets: power installed, etc
Max. allowed loading of engines: % of MCR
Maintenance of engines: at sea operation, at port, etc
Frequency choice: 50/60 Hz
Voltage choice: low voltage, medium voltage
Number of switchboard sections
Alternator parameters: cosφ, xd"
Selection of converter type: PWM, LCI, AFE, Sinusodial, etc
Selection of pulse number: 6p, 12p, 24p
Selection of supply transformer: investigate transformer less
configuration (i.e. active front end)
Selection of E-propulsion motor and no. of windings
THD mitigation method
Check Isc" : increase voltage, optimize xd", etc
Check availability of reactive power: change number/type of
alternators, cosφ, etc
Check THD limits: increase pulse number, add filters, etc
MAN B&W Diesel13Diesel-Electric Drives – Lower emissions, greater reliability
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440 V
1200 kW
3000 kW
690 V, 60 Hz
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M
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440 V
1335 kW 3000 kW 1335 kW
1000 kVA 1000 kVA
M
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
Multi-Purpose Offshore Support Vessel
Main Dimensions:
Length over all: 131.70 m
Deadweight at design draught: 6,850 t
Speed:
Trial speed at design draught: 13.0 kn
DP System:
Class: DP3
Four main generator sets:
MAN 9L27/38
Maximum output: 2,970 kW
Engine speed: 720 rqm
Alternators
Maximum output: 3,168 kVA
Voltage: 690 Volt
Frequency: 60 Hz
Thrusters:
Two azimuth thrusters (aft) with variable speed drive PWM,
12p and CPP: 3,000 kW each
Two tunnel thrusters (fwd, CPP): 1,335 kW each, PWM, 12p
One retractable azimuth thruster (fwd, CPP): 1,200 kW, PWM,
12p
Example of a Diesel-Electric System Package
Single Line Diagram
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440 V
1200 kW
3000 kW
690 V, 60 Hz
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M
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440 V
1335 kW 3000 kW 1335 kW
1000 kVA 1000 kVA
M
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
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440 V
1200 kW
3000 kW
690 V, 60 Hz
M
M
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440 V
1335 kW 3000 kW 1335 kW
1000 kVA 1000 kVA
M
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
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1200 kW
3000 kW
690 V, 60 Hz
M
M
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440 V
1335 kW 3000 kW 1335 kW
1000 kVA 1000 kVA
M
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
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1200 kW
3000 kW
690 V, 60 Hz
M
M
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440 V
1335 kW 3000 kW 1335 kW
1000 kVA 1000 kVA
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2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
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1200 kW
3000 kW
690 V, 60 Hz
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440 V
1335 kW 3000 kW 1335 kW
1000 kVA 1000 kVA
M
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
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440 V
1200 kW
3000 kW
690 V, 60 Hz
M
M
M
440 V
1335 kW 3000 kW 1335 kW
1000 kVA 1000 kVA
M
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
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1200 kW
3000 kW
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440 V
1335 kW 3000 kW 1335 kW
1000 kVA 1000 kVA
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2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
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1200 kW
3000 kW
690 V, 60 Hz
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440 V
1335 kW 3000 kW 1335 kW
1000 kVA 1000 kVA
M
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
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1200 kW
3000 kW
690 V, 60 Hz
M
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440 V
1335 kW 3000 kW 1335 kW
1000 kVA 1000 kVA
M
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
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1200 kW
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1335 kW 3000 kW 1335 kW
1000 kVA 1000 kVA
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2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech
720 rpm2851 kW el
14 Diesel-Electric Drives – Lower emissions, greater reliability
PrimeServ – peace of mind for life
With more than 150 PrimeServ service stations and
service partners worldwide, plus our growing network
of PrimeServ Academies, the MAN Diesel & Turbo
after-sales organisation is committed to maintaining
the most efficient and accessible after-sales organisa-
tion in the business.
PrimeServ’s aim is to provide:
Prompt delivery of high demand OEM spare parts
within 24 hours
Fast, reliable and competent customer support
Individually tailored O&M contracts
Ongoing training and qualification of service personnel
Global service, open 24 hours-a-day, 365 days-a-
year
Diagnosis and troubleshooting with our high perfor-
mance Online Service
Retrofitting of the latest MAN Diesel & Turbo
engine and turbocharger technologies for improved
operating economy and minimised emissions
The PrimeServ offering
Based on almost 110 years of service experience
with marine diesel engines, our sophisticated logistics
system ensures that all frequently requested spare
parts are available worldwide within 24 hours. In
addition, MAN Diesel & Turbo Online Service helps
to optimise maintenance cycles by the use of remote
engine monitoring, diagnostics and calibration. The
resulting condition-based maintenance (CBM) pro -
motes high availability, increases operational safety,
shortens downtimes and enhances the performance
of MAN Diesel & Turbo marine engines.
The bottom line: leaner operating costs and better
planning for you.
When service is required, the MAN PrimeServ network
responds to organise assistance as fast as possible.
This guarantees rapid completion of maintenance
work and high availability of MAN Diesel & Turbo
engines, GenSets, turbochargers, gears, propellers
and marine propulsion packages.
In short: MAN PrimeServ gives you the benefit of our
specialist expertise in marine power so that you can
concentrate on your own core business.
World Class After Sales SupportFor marine propulsion and GenSets
Service Facilities
(Service Centres,
Authorized Repair Shops,
Spare Parts Stocks)
Agencies
MAN Diesel & Turbo – a member of the MAN Group
MAN Diesel & Turbo86224 Augsburg, GermanyPhone +49 821 322-0Fax +49 821 [email protected]
All data provided in this document is non-binding. This data serves informational purposes only and is especially not guaranteed in any way. Depending on the subsequent specific individual projects, the relevant data may be subject to changes and will be assessed and determined individually for each project. This will depend on the particular characteristics of each individual project, especially specific site and operational conditions. Copyright © MAN Diesel & Turbo. D2366459EN-N2 Printed in Germany GMC-AUG-0712xx