Lower emissions, greater reliability - Korindo Energy · 6 Diesel-Electric Drives – Lower emissions, greater reliability MAN Diesel-Electric Applications An increasingly attractive

Diesel-Electric Drives Lower emissions, greater reliability

MAN B&W Diesel3Diesel-Electric Drives – Lower emissions, greater reliability

MAN Diesel & Turbo The responsible way in leading technology

MAN Diesel & Turbo is the world’s leading designer and manufacturer of low and

medium speed engines – engines from MAN Diesel & Turbo cover an estimated 50%

of the power needed for all world trade. We develop two-stroke and four-stroke

engines, auxiliary engines, turbochargers and complete propulsion trains that are

manufactured both within the MAN Diesel & Turbo Group and at our licencees.

More than ever before, MAN Diesel & Turbo’s development focus is the environ-

mental performance of our engines. Using our unrivalled grasp of large engine

technology, we aim to make our engines progressively cleaner, more powerful and

more efficient.

We are firmly committed to reducing emissions while increasing fuel efficiency and

power density. This includes an active partnership with environmental institutions

and development banks. For our customers, it means engines and propulsion sys-

tems that result in powerful yet clean prime movers.

4 Diesel-Electric Drives – Lower emissions, greater reliability

MAN Diesel & Turbo: Electric Propulsion Reliability and reduced emissions

Looking to the future

The global maritime industry faces major challenges:

meeting new environmental and safety standards,

especially in terms emissions, without sacrificing

profitability or efficiency. MAN Diesel & Turbo under-

stands these pressures. We are working to give the

industry long-term solutions.

Full ahead from IMO Tier II to Tier III

In terms of engine emissions we provide our custom-

ers with engines that will meet the emissions limits

prescribed in the International Maritime Organisation’s

IMO MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI.

Currently this means complying with IMO Tier II and

IMO Tier III, the second and third stages of regulations

governing emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

With this security of supply in mind, MAN Diesel &

Turbo announced its full range of IMO Tier II compli-

ant low and medium speed diesels in 2008 – a full

shipbuilding cycle ahead of IMO Tier II’s 2011 intro-

duction. Now, to give the shipping industry clear, long

term perspectives, MAN Diesel & Turbo is offering so-

lutions for compliance with IMO Tier III, even further

ahead of its 2016 implementation date. Now, MAN

Diesel & Turbo is offering solutions that are already

compliant with IMO Tier III – ensuring the shipping in-

dustry is even better placed for the future.

Why propulsion systems matter

Besides emissions, increased environmental aware-

ness is leading to a range of restrictions on shipping.

For example, to minimise the damage to coral reefs,

vessels need to maintain their position without

anchoring. This requires smooth running and accurate

control of the propulsion plant.

But environmental considerations are not the only

factor. At sea, reliability is crucial. Moreover, propul-

sion plants must meet safety requirements while

maintaining profitability, through fuel efficiency.

The advantages of diesel-electric

Diesel-electric drives meet all these needs and more.

They offer a host of benefits, including reduced fuel

consumption, lower emissions, safe and reliable pro-

pulsion, improved manoeuvrability, and high redun-

dancy.

In particular, diesel-electric drives are effective in

meeting fluctuating power demands: multiple smaller

engines can be either switched off or run at full load,

providing greater flexibility and efficiency.

For a real-world example of these benefits, take ferries

that provide regular services across fjords and other

waterways. Electric propulsion’s superior manoeuvra-

bility has significantly reduced fuel consumption and

improved on-time running. So it’s not surprising that

the latest models are fitted with diesel-electric drives.


MAN Diesel-Electric ApplicationsAn increasingly attractive source of propulsion

The time has come

Electric propulsion is not a recent innovation. But

only lately has it become a viable alternative, as the

technology has improved and components have

come down in cost. Over the last twenty years elec-

tric propulsion, combined with medium-speed diesel

engines, has been employed in increasing numbers

of consumers. Today, hundreds of different types of

ships are powered by diesel-electric drives, in a large

variety of configurations.

How it works

How does a diesel-electric plant work? Diesel-driven

generators provide electric power for both propulsion

and onboard purposes. For maximum efficiency,

MAN Diesel & Turbo ensures that the number of gen-

sets which are running matches the present power

demand, according to the mode of operation. The

electric power is then distributed via the main switch-

boards.

Variable speed drives, which include electric pro-

pulsion motors and frequency converters, are

another key component. Frequency converters

control the speed and torque of the propulsion motor

by varying the frequency.

In addition to that electric-powered azimuth thrusters

or pods can be applied in electric propulsion plants

which improve propulsion efficiency and positioning

capability. Available in various configurations for tran-

sit, manoeuvring and station keeping, these are in-

creasingly common in many types of vessels.

Advances in technology have made electric propulsion a field with high potential.

And there is no better way to exploit this potential for your application than with a

MAN Diesel & Turbo diesel-electric drive.


Sample Diesel-Electric Drive of a Platform Supply Vessel

* dependent on the type of frequency converter. Not needed in case of the use of a frequency converter with an Active Front End or in a 6 pulse application.

Diesel engines

Generators

Main switchboards

Supply transformers*

Frequency converters

Electric propulsion motors

Propulsors

(i.e. azimuth thrusters)

MAN Diesel & Turbo provides

complete electric propulsion

packages, ensuring perfectly

matched components and

optimised systems



The Advantages of Diesel-ElectricEfficient, high-performance propulsion

Improved manoeuvrability and station-keeping

ability, by deploying special propulsors such as

azimuth thrusters or pods.

Increased payload, as diesel-electric systems take

up less space.

More flexibility in location of propulsors – because

the propulsors are supplied with electric power

through cables, they do not need to be adjacent to

the prime mover.

Lower propulsion noise and reduced vibrations, as

reduction transmissions are often not required.

Effective performance in icy conditions, as the sys-

tem can provide maximum torque at low speed.

Lower fuel consumption and emissions due to the

possibility to optimize loading of engines. Connec -

ted engines operate at high load, with maximum

efficiency.

Reduced life cycle costs, resulting from lower fuel

consumption and maintenance costs. In particular,

this applies to vessels that have a large variation in

load demand: for example, dynamic positioning (DP)

vessels, which divide their time equally between

transit and station-keeping operations.

High reliability, due to multiple engine redundancy.

Even if an engine malfunctions, there will still be

sufficient power to operate the vessel safely.

Reduced vulnerability to a single point of failure,

providing the basis for compliance with redundancy

requirements.

Diesel-electric systems by MAN Diesel & Turbo are designed to meet our

customers’ highest expectations. We offer full diesel-electric propulsion packages,

including everything from gensets to propulsors, including switchboards, converters,

transformers and motors. Our packages offer a host of benefits, including:


Typical Diesel-Electric Applications

Passenger vessels

Passenger vessels – cruise ships and ferries – are an

important segment of shipping with a particularly

demanding freight: passengers. Onboard comfort is a

high priority, requiring low noise levels and vibrations

from the ship’s machinery. Electrical propulsion can

provide just that.

But comfort is not the only imperative: safety is para-

mount. Existing regulations, such as the International

Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS),

as well as new “Safe Return to Port” requirements,

stipulate both reliability and availability. In this respect,

the advantages of diesel-electric propulsion are well

known.

Not only are diesel-electric systems highly reliable,

they are also cost-efficient. For example, podded

propulsion increases propulsion efficiency by eight to

ten per cent. In addition to significantly reducing fuel

costs, these pods also improve manoeuvrability. As a

result, more and more cruise ships are being built with

diesel-electric systems.

Oil and gas exploration and production

Until quite recently, oil and gas wells were located in

shallow waters, where they could be drilled by jackup

rigs or drilling barges. When these shallow-water fields

became depleted, oil and gas companies moved into

deeper waters. However, these reservoirs can only be

tapped by large semi-submersible rigs or drillships,

which require a large quantity of electric power.

In addition to DP systems, drillships and semi-submer-

sibles are equipped with azimuth thrusters, which are

capable of propelling the vessel in any direction.These

thrusters are integrated into the vessel’s control system,

which uses satellite-positioning technology. In con -

junction with sensors located on the drilling template,

this ensures that the ship is directly above the drill site

at all times.

A typical installation consists of either two or three

separate engine rooms, depending on its DP classifi-

cation. Flexibility, availability and operational maintain-

ability are essential in these vessels – making diesel-

electric systems an ideal source of propulsion.

Shuttle tankers

Shuttle tankers are used to transport oil from offshore

facilities (platforms or floating, production, storage and

offloading, or FPSO vessels) to a processing or storage

terminal onshore. Many different offloading methods

are used. Most of them require the tankers to maintain

a fixed position (station keeping) with high accuracy,

even in changing conditions. To achieve this, most

shuttle tankers are equipped with a DP system and

electric tunnel or azimuth thrusters.

Many applications involve a high degree of redundancy

in propulsion for transit and station keeping. These

solutions normally comprise a redundant power gene-

ration and distribution system, with redundant propul-

sion converters and a tandem or redundant propulsion

motor.

Diesel-electric drives have a variety of applications. In fact, electric propulsion’s

numerous advantages make it an asset in a diverse range of highly-specialised

vessels.


Offshore support vessels

Electric propulsion is the norm in ships that frequently

require dynamic positioning (DP), such as platform

supply vessels, diving support vessels or pipe layers.

Initially these vessels mainly used variable speed

motor drives and fixed pitch (FP) propellers; now, they

mostly deploy variable speed thrusters.

In light of the lifetime benefits shown by economic

analyses, advanced anchor handling tug supply

(AHTS) vessels are increasingly being equipped with

hybrid diesel-mechanical and diesel-electric propul-

sion.

For vessels with a diverse range of activities, diesel-

electric propulsion delivers significantly lower fuel

consumption and emissions compared to convention-

al mechanical propulsion. Ship owners have reported

fuel savings of between 15-25 per cent, depending

on the operational profile, and even 30-40 per cent in

low-load DP operations.

Not surprisingly, electric propulsion has become the

leading design for vessels in many offshore oil and gas

fields, including the North Sea and Brazil. And it is be-

coming increasingly popular in new fields, as oil com-

panies seek to reduce operating costs and emissions.

Dredgers and construction vessels

Craft that operate in shallow waters, such as dredgers,

construction vessels and windmill installation vessels,

also benefit from diesel-electric propulsion and station-

keeping.

In these applications, electric propulsion meets a

number of criteria, such as accurate manoeuvrability,

fuel economy, and the ability to move working place

frequently. In vessels with a large ship service elec-

trical system, the ship service and propulsion power

generators can be combined, achieving higher flexi-

bility, redundancy and making better use of installed

power capacity.


A Made-to-Measure Diesel-Electric ApplicationMAN’s methodology means the right diesel-electric system for you

Start

End

Ship data

Speed − power

estimation

Electrical load

analysis

Engine

selection

Switchboard

layout

Variable speed drive

and propulsion

motor design

Check

DE plant

Type of vessel

Propulsion type: shaft line, thrusters, pods, etc

Operational profile

Class notation: propulsion redundancy, ice class, etc

Ship design points

Propulsion power: at sea, manoeuvring, at port, etc

Sea margin

Electrical power: at sea, manoeuvring, at port, etc

Efficiency of DE plant: typically 91%

Efficiency of alternators: typically 96%-97.5%

Number und type of engines/gensets: power installed, etc

Max. allowed loading of engines: % of MCR

Maintenance of engines: at sea operation, at port, etc

Frequency choice: 50/60 Hz

Voltage choice: low voltage, medium voltage

Number of switchboard sections

Alternator parameters: cosφ, xd"

Selection of converter type: PWM, LCI, AFE, Sinusodial, etc

Selection of pulse number: 6p, 12p, 24p

Selection of supply transformer: investigate transformer less

configuration (i.e. active front end)

Selection of E-propulsion motor and no. of windings

THD mitigation method

Check Isc" : increase voltage, optimize xd", etc

Check availability of reactive power: change number/type of

alternators, cosφ, etc

Check THD limits: increase pulse number, add filters, etc


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2 x 9L27/382970 kW mech

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Multi-Purpose Offshore Support Vessel

Main Dimensions:

Length over all: 131.70 m

Deadweight at design draught: 6,850 t

Speed:

Trial speed at design draught: 13.0 kn

DP System:

Class: DP3

Four main generator sets:

MAN 9L27/38

Maximum output: 2,970 kW

Engine speed: 720 rqm

Alternators

Maximum output: 3,168 kVA

Voltage: 690 Volt

Frequency: 60 Hz

Thrusters:

Two azimuth thrusters (aft) with variable speed drive PWM,

12p and CPP: 3,000 kW each

Two tunnel thrusters (fwd, CPP): 1,335 kW each, PWM, 12p

One retractable azimuth thruster (fwd, CPP): 1,200 kW, PWM,

12p

Example of a Diesel-Electric System Package

Single Line Diagram

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PrimeServ – peace of mind for life

With more than 150 PrimeServ service stations and

service partners worldwide, plus our growing network

of PrimeServ Academies, the MAN Diesel & Turbo

after-sales organisation is committed to maintaining

the most efficient and accessible after-sales organisa-

tion in the business.

PrimeServ’s aim is to provide:

Prompt delivery of high demand OEM spare parts

within 24 hours

Fast, reliable and competent customer support

Individually tailored O&M contracts

Ongoing training and qualification of service personnel

Global service, open 24 hours-a-day, 365 days-a-

year

Diagnosis and troubleshooting with our high perfor-

mance Online Service

Retrofitting of the latest MAN Diesel & Turbo

engine and turbocharger technologies for improved

operating economy and minimised emissions

The PrimeServ offering

Based on almost 110 years of service experience

with marine diesel engines, our sophisticated logistics

system ensures that all frequently requested spare

parts are available worldwide within 24 hours. In

addition, MAN Diesel & Turbo Online Service helps

to optimise maintenance cycles by the use of remote

engine monitoring, diagnostics and calibration. The

resulting condition-based maintenance (CBM) pro -

motes high availability, increases operational safety,

shortens downtimes and enhances the performance

of MAN Diesel & Turbo marine engines.

The bottom line: leaner operating costs and better

planning for you.

When service is required, the MAN PrimeServ network

responds to organise assistance as fast as possible.

This guarantees rapid completion of maintenance

work and high availability of MAN Diesel & Turbo

engines, GenSets, turbochargers, gears, propellers

and marine propulsion packages.

In short: MAN PrimeServ gives you the benefit of our

specialist expertise in marine power so that you can

concentrate on your own core business.

World Class After Sales SupportFor marine propulsion and GenSets

Service Facilities

(Service Centres,

Authorized Repair Shops,

Spare Parts Stocks)

Agencies

MAN Diesel & Turbo – a member of the MAN Group

MAN Diesel & Turbo86224 Augsburg, GermanyPhone +49 821 322-0Fax +49 821 [email protected]

All data provided in this document is non-binding. This data serves informational purposes only and is especially not guaranteed in any way. Depending on the subsequent specific individual projects, the relevant data may be subject to changes and will be assessed and determined individually for each project. This will depend on the particular characteristics of each individual project, especially specific site and operational conditions. Copyright © MAN Diesel & Turbo. D2366459EN-N2 Printed in Germany GMC-AUG-0712xx

Documents

Lower emissions, greater reliability - Korindo Energy · 6 Diesel-Electric Drives – Lower emissions, greater reliability MAN Diesel-Electric Applications An increasingly attractive