*Managing Landslide Hazard Risk in Sub Tropical Countries Major Landslide at Maracas, Trinidad - Late December 2002.Keith ToveyReader in Environmental Sciences, HSBC Director of Low Carbon Innovation. University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, NR4 7TJAcknowledgements: British Council, University of East Anglia, University of West Indies (Trinidad) Hong Kong Government
*IntroductionModelling Methods Engineering Models GIS Methods Statistical MethodsManagement IssuesConclusionsManaging Landslide Hazard Risk in Sub Tropical Countries
*LandslideSafe at the momentLandslidePreventive MeasuresLandslides: IntroductionDesignCostBuildStability AssessmentInjuryDeathEconomic LossDisruption to Transport LinksConsequences of Landslides
*Main Manchester Sheffield Road (A625)Alternative route only suitable for light vehicles gradient of 1 in 4Landslides: Removing the Consequence1 km
*Landslides in Kowloon East 28th - 31st May 1982Landslides: Removing the Consequence
*LandslideLandslidePreventive MeasuresMans Influence (Agriculture /Development)Landslides: Engineering Modelling Methods
GeologyDesignCostBuildStability AssessmentBut only for specific slopes
*Applicable to very specific locations onlyCan have moderate to good accuracy for spatial predictions where information existsModerate accuracy for temporal predictions (good if accurate ground water temporal variations are available) Poor for overall spatial coverageIs costly to implement.Landslides: Engineering Modelling MethodsBut one must not be complacent
*bermsLandslide in man made Cut Slope at km 365 west of Sao Paolo - August 2002
*General Planning Guidelines of Landslide RiskClassification into potential Areas of Risk
Soil TypeLandslides: GIS Modelling Methods
Geology
HydrologyGeneral Slope (and aspect)
Land Use Database of existing LandslidesIdentification of areas for detailed Engineering StudyCataloguing slopes and landslides
*Good spatial (geographic) coverage of likelihood of landslidesPoor to moderate prediction of precise locations of landslides Effective use of resourcesPoor accuracy for temporal predictions i.e. precisely when landslides occurLandslides: GIS Modelling MethodsAccuracy is dependant on existence of a good unbiassed database of landslides and slopes
*e.g. North Coast Road, TrinidadLandslides: Categorisation of Slopes
*Landslide at MaracasDecember 2002December 2004 note the slide is much more extensive
*December 9th Landslide3 km beyond Las Cuevas as seen on TVhalf of road blockedLandslide 11th December 2004 at approximately 13:001 km before Las Cuevashalf of road blocked
*Slope before failure at CouvaSlope after Landslide
Slide by Derek Gay, UWI
*Landslides: GIS Modelling Methods: Requirements for the future Cut Slopes Fill Slopes Retaining Walls Hybrids: Cut/Retaining Wall / Fill/Retaining Wall Natural Slopes - is there a better word?slopes where there has been no anthropogenic activity, or where there is such activity it causes small changes to the geometry of the slope so that the Factor of Safety is largely unaffected.Landslides triggered by anthropogenic activityDeep seated landslide unaffected by anthropogenic activity
*Landslides: Statistical MethodsPrediction of exactly when landslides are likely to occurIssue warnings to affected peopleMobilise Emergency TeamsHistorical Database of Landslide OccurrenceRainfall DataResearch to correlate Rainfall with Landslide IncidenceAntecedent RainfallCurrent/ Predicted RainfallAim: to minimise injury and loss of life
*Poor prediction for spatial location of Landslides.Potentially effective use of resources to minimise death and injury.Moderate ability to predict when landslides are likely to occur.Requires automatic recording of rainfall over short periods of time (e.g. 5 15 minute intervals).Requires a robust historic database of landslides and associated rainfall.Landslides: Statistical MethodsLandslide Warning SystemMethod aims to alert people to impending danger so they can seek safety during critical periods it will not prevent landslides
*Rain Gauge Network in Hong KongBuilt Up Areas
* Historically: Reactive Approach to LandslidesSimilar to present situation in Trinidad and Tobago From 1977 onwards: approach became progressively more pro-activeHong Kong ApproachLandslides: Management Proactive Control of all New Developments > Engineering / Geotechnical Control Categorisation of Slopes and Landslides> Develop a Robust Database > Identify critical issues and areas affected: GIS > Planning Policies> Identification of Critical regions for Preventative Measures Development of Landslide Warning System.
*Click once on Slope to display data for 11SW-A/CR175Slope Catalogue: Slope 11SW-A/CR175: Po Shan RoadLandslides: Management
*Centred Map for Cut Slope 11SW-A/CR175: Po Shan RoadLandslides: Management
*Feature Registration Form for Po Shan Road Slope11SW-A/CR175Major Disaster in June 1972Landslide Preventative Measure
PRIVATEBackground Information And Related Document
Feature Reference Number
11SW-A/CR 175
GIU Cell Ref.
11SW7D8 - NKTs Classification still in use!
Location
18M NORTH OF 21 PO SHAN ROAD
Sift Class
C1
Map Sheet Reference (1:1000) 11SW- 7D
Coordinates
Easting : 832718 Northing : 815676
Aerial Photos
Photo No.
Year
1824-5
1972
Nearest Raingauge Station(Station Number)
Knowles Building, Hong Kong University (H04)
Data Collected On
11/14/97
Date of Construction, Subsequent Modification & Demolition
N/A
Related Reports/Files or Documents
File/Report
Ref. No
Previous Instability
16/6/72 63/11SW-A, 64/11SW-A
Previous Instability
17/6/72 66/11SW-A, 18/6/72 69/11SW-A
Development
GCI 2/B7/113
BP Reports
IIB Po Shan Rd Area 3/76, Mid Level Rpt 3/86
GEO
Mid Levels Study Rpt
LPM
Considered in 91 Selected
Pre-SIRST
Field Sheet
DH-Order (To Be Confirmed with Buildings Department)
NONE
Advisory Letter (To Be Confirmed with Buildings Department)
NONE
Remarks
N/A
Follow Up Actions
N/A
Maintenance Responsibility
Government
Responsible Government Department - HyD
(Based on SIMAR results from Lands Department) IMPORTANT - READ Disclaimer
*Centred Map for Cut Slope 11SW-A/CR175: Po Shan RoadLandslides: Management
*Landslides: Management
*Requirements:It should:1) provide sufficient warning of an eventto alert general publicto mobilise Emergency Servicesto open temporary Shelters2) predict IN ADVANCE all serious EVENTS3) minimise number of false alarmsThree criteria can be in conflict: How long should warning be? Longer the time, the less accurate will be prediction more false alarmsLandslides: Landslide Warning System
*Two ApproachesDetailed Warning - e.g. 1. Conduit Road
Warning based solely on Rainfallautomatic piezometer gives warning when ground water level gets above a critical level as determined by Slope Stability Analysis
Aim to give warning when a significant number of landslides are likely to occur.(>10)Background to Warning SystemLandslides: Landslide Warning System
*Research needed to correlate incidence of landslides with rainfallantecedent current predicted Hong Kong scheme ~ mid 1980sResearch needed to adapt ideas to local conditions in Trinidad and Tobago. Emergency Services need clear guidelines on how to react.Reporting system needed to notify public (via radio/ television)Landslides: Statistical MethodsLandslide Warning System (continued)
*Are Slopes more susceptible to failure if there has been prolonged rainfall on preceding days?How should Antecedent rainfall Conditions be incorporated.Lumb (1975) - 15-day antecedent conditions. charts for Warning Purposes based both on Rainfall on Day AND Antecedent conditions.
Most simple model uses simple cumulative 15-day antecedent rainfall.Could use a weighted system with days more distant weighted less.Lumb favoured simple approach.ANTECEDENT CONDITIONS.
* 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Day24 hour criteriaCumulative Rainfall over previous 15 daysCummulative RainfallBasis of Lumbs Predictor
*Rainfall Profile and Onset of Landslides
*First Landslide Warning System (1977 - 1979)AMBER and RED Warnings issued when predicted 24 hour rainfall would plot above relevant line.A Problem: Difficult to use without direct access to Chart.
Chart1
147.9392.1392.1392.1392.1
85.8531.3531.3531.3531.3
132.5224.9224.9224.9224.9
202.2357.4357.4357.4357.4
36.9559.6559.6559.6559.6
391.6391.6107.5391.6391.6
80.2485485485485
202.7113.4202.7202.7202.7
30.8315.7315.7315.7315.7
34.2249.9249.9249.9249.9
202230.1202202202
139.9253.7253.7253.7253.7
118.3266.6266.6266.6266.6
65.3303.8303.8303.8303.8
136.5222.8222.8222.8222.8
66324.7324.7324.7324.7
85352352352352
69.9304.9304.9304.9304.9
52239.3239.3239.3239.3
159.4266.3266.3266.3266.3
76.6304.4304.4304.4304.4
107.4363.2363.2363.2363.2
164.1242.8242.8242.8242.8
105.7364.5364.5364.5364.5
14.4281.3281.3281.3281.3
338.4135.5338.4338.4338.4
155.9130.4130.4130.4130.4
313.8141.2313.8313.8313.8
95.8171.3171.3171.3171.3
318.269.1318.2318.2318.2
29.6238.8238.8238.8238.8
319.562.5319.5319.5319.5
17.9507.4507.4507.4507.4
223.7136.1223.7223.7223.7
359.8359.8246.2359.8359.8
27.8586.3586.3586.3586.3
59.9726.6726.6726.6726.6
10.1365.1365.1365.1365.1
81.8247.1247.1247.1247.1
236.9175.5236.9236.9236.9
591.5591.5270.3591.5591.5
16.5444.8444.8444.8444.8
41.541.141.141.141.1
96.161.261.261.261.2
163.165656565
228.1236.1228.1228.1228.1
90.663.163.163.163.1
45340.2340.2340.2340.2
122475.2475.2475.2475.2
212.872.7212.8212.8212.8
120.2283.2283.2283.2283.2
185.4246.5185.4185.4185.4
78136.3136.3136.3136.3
6.2231.3231.3231.3231.3
406.2406.2382.6406.2406.2
33.7788.9788.9788.9788.9
31.4800.7800.7800.7800.7
556.3200556.3556.3556.3
104.1391.5391.5391.5391.5
96.2359.1359.1359.1359.1
134.6256.7256.7256.7256.7
265.1127.9127.9127.9127.9
86.5400.4400.4400.4400.4
140.992.292.292.292.2
26.8363.6363.6363.6363.6
78.464.664.664.664.6
229.9288.1229.9229.9229.9
116.2249.6249.6249.6249.6
365.8208.8365.8365.8365.8
141.6205.9141.6141.6141.6
347.5347.5213.8347.5347.5
561.3561.3232.6561.3561.3
0714.2714.2714.2714.2
41.9443.9443.9443.9443.9
136.5123.9123.9123.9123.9
67.6294.7294.7294.7294.7
172.1371.5371.5371.5371.5
69.8547.3547.3547.3547.3
91.9
67.3207.3207.3207.3207.3
081.681.681.681.6
68.785.485.485.485.4
76.8139.4139.4139.4139.4
110.5168.7168.7168.7168.7
52.6279.2279.2279.2279.2
331331118.5331331
71.5448.9448.9448.9448.9
45.862.962.962.962.9
61135.2135.2135.2135.2
56.3238.7238.7238.7238.7
4.3292.4292.4292.4292.4
145.9284.8145.9145.9145.9
62.3102102102102
68.381.481.481.481.4
69.2166.3166.3166.3166.3
36.8112.8112.8112.8112.8
113.6149.6149.6149.6149.6
44.8138.8138.8138.8138.8
129.332.332.332.332.3
209261261261261
26.1717.5717.5717.5717.5
245.2124.1124.1124.1124.1
31.6376.8376.8376.8376.8
96.1105105105105
33.3148148148148
54.6128.554.654.654.6
59.971717171
36.8180.8180.8180.8180.8
55.9321.6321.6321.6321.6
188.8188.8258.4188.8188.8
456.9205.5456.9456.9456.9
22.1663.7663.7663.7663.7
54.3125.2125.2125.2125.2
114.989.989.989.989.9
204.2207.6207.6207.6207.6
375.6375.6334.2375.6375.6
47.6669.9669.9669.9669.9
73.8199.1199.1199.1199.1
4.7158.6158.6158.6158.6
157.281.4157.2157.2157.2
4.1109.2109.2109.2109.2
197.498.6197.4197.4197.4
37.1172.7172.7172.7172.7
57.7254.7254.7254.7254.7
90.666666666
51.6222.3222.3222.3222.3
76.676.6346.776.676.6
000
200200200
800800800
000
150150150
800800800
0330300
60260240
180180120
12565
9540
8535
8035
Minor Incident
Severe Incident
Disastrous Incident
Old RED
RED Warning (1977 - 1979)
old Amber
Amber Warning (1977 - 1979)
Antecedent Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall on Day (mm)
Sheet1
Sheet1
392.1392.1
531.3531.3
224.9224.9
357.4357.4
559.6559.6
391.6391.6
485485
202.7202.7
315.7315.7
249.9249.9
202202
253.7253.7
266.6266.6
303.8303.8
222.8222.8
324.7324.7
352352
304.9304.9
239.3239.3
266.3266.3
304.4304.4
363.2363.2
242.8242.8
364.5364.5
281.3281.3
338.4338.4
130.4130.4
313.8313.8
171.3171.3
318.2318.2
238.8238.8
319.5319.5
507.4507.4
223.7223.7
359.8359.8
586.3586.3
726.6726.6
365.1365.1
247.1247.1
236.9236.9
591.5591.5
444.8444.8
41.141.1
61.261.2
6565
228.1228.1
63.163.1
340.2340.2
475.2475.2
212.8212.8
283.2283.2
185.4185.4
136.3136.3
231.3231.3
406.2406.2
788.9788.9
800.7800.7
556.3556.3
391.5391.5
359.1359.1
256.7256.7
127.9127.9
400.4400.4
92.292.2
363.6363.6
64.664.6
229.9229.9
249.6249.6
365.8365.8
141.6141.6
347.5347.5
561.3561.3
714.2714.2
443.9443.9
123.9123.9
294.7294.7
371.5371.5
547.3547.3
207.3207.3
81.681.6
85.485.4
139.4139.4
168.7168.7
279.2279.2
331331
448.9448.9
62.962.9
135.2135.2
238.7238.7
292.4292.4
145.9145.9
102102
81.481.4
166.3166.3
112.8112.8
149.6149.6
138.8138.8
32.332.3
261261
717.5717.5
124.1124.1
376.8376.8
105105
148148
54.654.6
7171
180.8180.8
321.6321.6
188.8188.8
456.9456.9
663.7663.7
125.2125.2
89.989.9
207.6207.6
375.6375.6
669.9669.9
199.1199.1
158.6158.6
157.2157.2
109.2109.2
197.4197.4
172.7172.7
254.7254.7
6666
222.3222.3
76.676.6
00
200200
800800
00
150150
800800
330300
260240
180120
12565
9540
8535
8035
Old RED
RED Warning
old Amber
AMBER Warning
Warning Levels used 1977 - 1979
landslide_data
Record of Landslide Incidents in Hong Kong1930 - 1982
Incident No.DateCategoryRainfall on day (mm)Antecedent Rainfall (mm)Minor IncidentSevere IncidentDisastrous IncidentRED WarningAMBER WarningRED Warning from July 1983Alternative COld REDold Amber
17/24/30M147.9392.1147.9
27/25/30M85.8531.385.8
39/16/30M132.5224.9132.5
49/17/30M202.2357.4202.2
59/18/30M36.9559.636.9
67/30/32D107.5391.6107.5
77/31/32M80.248580.2
88/28/32S113.4202.7113.4
98/29/32M30.8315.730.8
106/30/33M34.2249.934.2
116/22/34S230.1202230.1
127/29/34M139.9253.7139.9
138/18/34M118.3266.6118.3
148/19/34M65.3303.865.3
158/2/36M136.5222.8136.5
168/4/36M66324.766
178/17/36M8535285
187/5/37M69.9304.969.9
198/22/37M52239.352
206/7/47M159.4266.3159.4
216/12/48M76.6304.476.6
227/28/48M107.4363.2107.4
236/25/49M164.1242.8164.1
246/26/49M105.7364.5105.7
255/14/51M14.4281.314.4
266/7/51S135.5338.4135.5
276/13/52M155.9130.4155.9
289/14/52S141.2313.8141.2
299/19/53M95.8171.395.8
305/11/55S69.1318.269.1
317/11/55M29.6238.829.6
327/18/55S62.5319.562.5
337/23/55M17.9507.417.9
345/21/57S136.1223.7136.1
355/22/57D246.2359.8246.2
365/25/57M27.8586.327.8
375/29/57M59.9726.659.9
387/18/57M10.1365.110.1
397/26/58M81.8247.181.8
406/13/59S175.5236.9175.5
416/15/59D270.3591.5270.3
428/10/59M16.5444.816.5
435/6/60M41.541.141.5
445/14/60M96.161.296.1
456/8/60M163.165163.1
466/9/60S236.1228.1236.1
473/19/61M90.663.190.6
489/4/61M45340.245
499/10/61M122475.2122
508/16/64S72.7212.872.7
519/11/64M120.2283.2120.2
5210/13/64S246.5185.4246.5
535/11/65M78136.378
549/29/65M6.2231.36.2
556/15/66D382.6406.2382.6
566/13/66M33.7788.933.7
576/15/66M31.4800.731.4
586/13/68S200556.3200
596/19/68M104.1391.5104.1
607/4/68M96.2359.196.2
616/5/69M134.6256.7134.6
625/13/70M265.1127.9265.1
635/26/70M86.5400.486.5
648/3/70M140.992.2140.9
659/10/70M26.8363.626.8
666/7/71M78.464.678.4
678/17/71S288.1229.9288.1
685/10/72M116.2249.6116.2
695/11/72S208.8365.8208.8
706/16/72S205.9141.6205.9
716/17/72D213.8347.5213.8
726/18/72D232.6561.3232.6
736/21/72M0714.20
748/21/72M41.9443.941.9
755/6/73M136.5123.9136.5
767/9/73M67.6294.767.6
777/17/73M172.1371.5172.1
789/2/73M69.8547.369.8
796/23/77M91.991.9
809/6/77M67.3207.367.3
814/12/78M081.60
824/16/78M68.785.468.7
835/18/78M76.8139.476.8
847/27/78M110.5168.7110.5
857/28/78M52.6279.252.6
867/29/78D118.5331118.5
877/30/78M71.5448.971.5
888/27/78M45.862.945.8
899/26/78M61135.261
9010/1/78M56.3238.756.3
9110/2/78M4.3292.44.3
9210/17/78S284.8145.9284.8
934/3/79M62.310262.3
945/13/79M68.381.468.3
955/15/79M69.2166.369.2
966/10/79m36.8112.836.8
976/11/79M113.6149.6113.6
987/1/79M44.8138.844.8
997/30/79M129.332.3129.3
1008/2/79M209261209
1018/11/79M26.1717.526.1
1029/23/79M245.2124.1245.2
1039/25/79M31.6376.831.6
1045/11/81M96.110596.1
1056/5/81M33.314833.3
1069/29/81S128.554.6128.5
1074/23/82M59.97159.9
1084/27/82M36.8180.836.8
1095/7/82M55.9321.655.9
1105/29/82D258.4188.8258.4
1115/31/82S205.5456.9205.5
1126/2/82M22.1663.722.1
1137/3/82M54.3125.254.3
1148/1/82M114.989.9114.9
1158/3/82M204.2207.6204.2
1168/16/82D334.2375.6334.2
1178/18/82M47.6669.947.6
1189/16/82M73.8199.173.8
1192/21/83M4.7158.64.7
1203/2/83S81.4157.281.4
1213/17/83M4.1109.24.1
1223/27/83S98.6197.498.6
1234/5/83M37.1172.737.1
1244/8/83M57.7254.757.7
1255/15/83M90.66690.6
1265/27/83M51.6222.351.6
1276/17/83D346.776.6346.7
0300200225
20010060100
80010060100
0200
150100
800100
0330300
60260240
180180120
32512565
5009540
7008535
8008035
landslide_data
147.9392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1
85.8531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3
132.5224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9
202.2357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4
36.9559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6
391.6391.6107.5391.6391.6391.6391.6391.6391.6
80.2485485485485485485485485
202.7113.4202.7202.7202.7202.7202.7202.7202.7
30.8315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7
34.2249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9
202230.1202202202202202202202
139.9253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7
118.3266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6
65.3303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8
136.5222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8
66324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7
85352352352352352352352352
69.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9
52239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3
159.4266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3
76.6304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4
107.4363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2
164.1242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8
105.7364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5
14.4281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3
338.4135.5338.4338.4338.4338.4338.4338.4338.4
155.9130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4
313.8141.2313.8313.8313.8313.8313.8313.8313.8
95.8171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3
318.269.1318.2318.2318.2318.2318.2318.2318.2
29.6238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8
319.562.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5
17.9507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4
223.7136.1223.7223.7223.7223.7223.7223.7223.7
359.8359.8246.2359.8359.8359.8359.8359.8359.8
27.8586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3
59.9726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6
10.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1
81.8247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1
236.9175.5236.9236.9236.9236.9236.9236.9236.9
591.5591.5270.3591.5591.5591.5591.5591.5591.5
16.5444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8
41.541.141.141.141.141.141.141.141.1
96.161.261.261.261.261.261.261.261.2
163.16565656565656565
228.1236.1228.1228.1228.1228.1228.1228.1228.1
90.663.163.163.163.163.163.163.163.1
45340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2
122475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2
212.872.7212.8212.8212.8212.8212.8212.8212.8
120.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2
185.4246.5185.4185.4185.4185.4185.4185.4185.4
78136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3
6.2231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3
406.2406.2382.6406.2406.2406.2406.2406.2406.2
33.7788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9
31.4800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7
556.3200556.3556.3556.3556.3556.3556.3556.3
104.1391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5
96.2359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1
134.6256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7
265.1127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9
86.5400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4
140.992.292.292.292.292.292.292.292.2
26.8363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6
78.464.664.664.664.664.664.664.664.6
229.9288.1229.9229.9229.9229.9229.9229.9229.9
116.2249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6
365.8208.8365.8365.8365.8365.8365.8365.8365.8
141.6205.9141.6141.6141.6141.6141.6141.6141.6
347.5347.5213.8347.5347.5347.5347.5347.5347.5
561.3561.3232.6561.3561.3561.3561.3561.3561.3
0714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2
41.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9
136.5123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9
67.6294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7
172.1371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5
69.8547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3
91.9
67.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3
081.681.681.681.681.681.681.681.6
68.785.485.485.485.485.485.485.485.4
76.8139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4
110.5168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7
52.6279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2
331331118.5331331331331331331
71.5448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9
45.862.962.962.962.962.962.962.962.9
61135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2
56.3238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7
4.3292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4
145.9284.8145.9145.9145.9145.9145.9145.9145.9
62.3102102102102102102102102
68.381.481.481.481.481.481.481.481.4
69.2166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3
36.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8
113.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6
44.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8
129.332.332.332.332.332.332.332.332.3
209261261261261261261261261
26.1717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5
245.2124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1
31.6376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8
96.1105105105105105105105105
33.3148148148148148148148148
54.6128.554.654.654.654.654.654.654.6
59.97171717171717171
36.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8
55.9321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6
188.8188.8258.4188.8188.8188.8188.8188.8188.8
456.9205.5456.9456.9456.9456.9456.9456.9456.9
22.1663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7
54.3125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2
114.989.989.989.989.989.989.989.989.9
204.2207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6
375.6375.6334.2375.6375.6375.6375.6375.6375.6
47.6669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9
73.8199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1
4.7158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6
157.281.4157.2157.2157.2157.2157.2157.2157.2
4.1109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2
197.498.6197.4197.4197.4197.4197.4197.4197.4
37.1172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7
57.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7
90.66666666666666666
51.6222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3
76.676.6346.776.676.676.676.676.676.6
0300200225000
20010060100200200200
80010060100800800800
000020000
150150150150100150150
800800800800100800800
00000330300
6060606060260240
180180180180180180120
12565
9540
8535
8035
Minor Incident
Severe Incident
Disastrous Incident
RED Warning
AMBER Warning
RED Warning from July 1983
Alternative C
Old RED
old Amber
landslide_data (2)
392.1392.1
531.3531.3
224.9224.9
357.4357.4
559.6559.6
391.6391.6
485485
202.7202.7
315.7315.7
249.9249.9
202202
253.7253.7
266.6266.6
303.8303.8
222.8222.8
324.7324.7
352352
304.9304.9
239.3239.3
266.3266.3
304.4304.4
363.2363.2
242.8242.8
364.5364.5
281.3281.3
338.4338.4
130.4130.4
313.8313.8
171.3171.3
318.2318.2
238.8238.8
319.5319.5
507.4507.4
223.7223.7
359.8359.8
586.3586.3
726.6726.6
365.1365.1
247.1247.1
236.9236.9
591.5591.5
444.8444.8
41.141.1
61.261.2
6565
228.1228.1
63.163.1
340.2340.2
475.2475.2
212.8212.8
283.2283.2
185.4185.4
136.3136.3
231.3231.3
406.2406.2
788.9788.9
800.7800.7
556.3556.3
391.5391.5
359.1359.1
256.7256.7
127.9127.9
400.4400.4
92.292.2
363.6363.6
64.664.6
229.9229.9
249.6249.6
365.8365.8
141.6141.6
347.5347.5
561.3561.3
714.2714.2
443.9443.9
123.9123.9
294.7294.7
371.5371.5
547.3547.3
207.3207.3
81.681.6
85.485.4
139.4139.4
168.7168.7
279.2279.2
331331
448.9448.9
62.962.9
135.2135.2
238.7238.7
292.4292.4
145.9145.9
102102
81.481.4
166.3166.3
112.8112.8
149.6149.6
138.8138.8
32.332.3
261261
717.5717.5
124.1124.1
376.8376.8
105105
148148
54.654.6
7171
180.8180.8
321.6321.6
188.8188.8
456.9456.9
663.7663.7
125.2125.2
89.989.9
207.6207.6
375.6375.6
669.9669.9
199.1199.1
158.6158.6
157.2157.2
109.2109.2
197.4197.4
172.7172.7
254.7254.7
6666
222.3222.3
76.676.6
00
200200
800800
00
150150
800800
330300
260240
180120
12565
9540
8535
8035
Old RED
RED Warning
old Amber
AMBER Warning
Antecedent 15 day Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall on Landslide Incident Day (mm)
Warning Levels used 1977 - 1979
Sheet3
392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1
531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3
224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9
357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4
559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6
391.6391.6391.6391.6391.6
485485485485485
202.7202.7202.7202.7202.7
315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7
249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9
202202202202202
253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7
266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6
303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8
222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8
324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7
352352352352352
304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9
239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3
266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3
304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4
363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2
242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8
364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5
281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3
338.4338.4338.4338.4338.4
130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4
313.8313.8313.8313.8313.8
171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3
318.2318.2318.2318.2318.2
238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8
319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5
507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4
223.7223.7223.7223.7223.7
359.8359.8359.8359.8359.8
586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3
726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6
365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1
247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1
236.9236.9236.9236.9236.9
591.5591.5591.5591.5591.5
444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8
41.141.141.141.141.1
61.261.261.261.261.2
6565656565
228.1228.1228.1228.1228.1
63.163.163.163.163.1
340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2
475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2
212.8212.8212.8212.8212.8
283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2
185.4185.4185.4185.4185.4
136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3
231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3
406.2406.2406.2406.2406.2
788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9
800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7
556.3556.3556.3556.3556.3
391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5
359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1
256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7
127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9
400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4
92.292.292.292.292.2
363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6
64.664.664.664.664.6
229.9229.9229.9229.9229.9
249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6
365.8365.8365.8365.8365.8
141.6141.6141.6141.6141.6
347.5347.5347.5347.5347.5
561.3561.3561.3561.3561.3
714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2
443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9
123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9
294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7
371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5
547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3
207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3
81.681.681.681.681.6
85.485.485.485.485.4
139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4
168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7
279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2
331331331331331
448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9
62.962.962.962.962.9
135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2
238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7
292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4
145.9145.9145.9145.9145.9
102102102102102
81.481.481.481.481.4
166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3
112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8
149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6
138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8
32.332.332.332.332.3
261261261261261
717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5
124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1
376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8
105105105105105
148148148148148
54.654.654.654.654.6
7171717171
180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8
321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6
188.8188.8188.8188.8188.8
456.9456.9456.9456.9456.9
663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7
125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2
89.989.989.989.989.9
207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6
375.6375.6375.6375.6375.6
669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9
199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1
158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6
157.2157.2157.2157.2157.2
109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2
197.4197.4197.4197.4197.4
172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7
254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7
6666666666
222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3
76.676.676.676.676.6
30020022500
10060100200200
10060100800800
00000
150150150150150
800800800800800
000330300
606060260240
180180180180120
12565
9540
8535
8035
RED Warning
AMBER Warning
RED Warning from July 1983
Old RED
old Amber
Antecedent 15 day Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall on Landslide Incident Day (mm)
Warning Levels 1980 - 1984
147.9392.1392.1392.1392.1
85.8531.3531.3531.3531.3
132.5224.9224.9224.9224.9
202.2357.4357.4357.4357.4
36.9559.6559.6559.6559.6
391.6391.6107.5391.6391.6
80.2485485485485
202.7113.4202.7202.7202.7
30.8315.7315.7315.7315.7
34.2249.9249.9249.9249.9
202230.1202202202
139.9253.7253.7253.7253.7
118.3266.6266.6266.6266.6
65.3303.8303.8303.8303.8
136.5222.8222.8222.8222.8
66324.7324.7324.7324.7
85352352352352
69.9304.9304.9304.9304.9
52239.3239.3239.3239.3
159.4266.3266.3266.3266.3
76.6304.4304.4304.4304.4
107.4363.2363.2363.2363.2
164.1242.8242.8242.8242.8
105.7364.5364.5364.5364.5
14.4281.3281.3281.3281.3
338.4135.5338.4338.4338.4
155.9130.4130.4130.4130.4
313.8141.2313.8313.8313.8
95.8171.3171.3171.3171.3
318.269.1318.2318.2318.2
29.6238.8238.8238.8238.8
319.562.5319.5319.5319.5
17.9507.4507.4507.4507.4
223.7136.1223.7223.7223.7
359.8359.8246.2359.8359.8
27.8586.3586.3586.3586.3
59.9726.6726.6726.6726.6
10.1365.1365.1365.1365.1
81.8247.1247.1247.1247.1
236.9175.5236.9236.9236.9
591.5591.5270.3591.5591.5
16.5444.8444.8444.8444.8
41.541.141.141.141.1
96.161.261.261.261.2
163.165656565
228.1236.1228.1228.1228.1
90.663.163.163.163.1
45340.2340.2340.2340.2
122475.2475.2475.2475.2
212.872.7212.8212.8212.8
120.2283.2283.2283.2283.2
185.4246.5185.4185.4185.4
78136.3136.3136.3136.3
6.2231.3231.3231.3231.3
406.2406.2382.6406.2406.2
33.7788.9788.9788.9788.9
31.4800.7800.7800.7800.7
556.3200556.3556.3556.3
104.1391.5391.5391.5391.5
96.2359.1359.1359.1359.1
134.6256.7256.7256.7256.7
265.1127.9127.9127.9127.9
86.5400.4400.4400.4400.4
140.992.292.292.292.2
26.8363.6363.6363.6363.6
78.464.664.664.664.6
229.9288.1229.9229.9229.9
116.2249.6249.6249.6249.6
365.8208.8365.8365.8365.8
141.6205.9141.6141.6141.6
347.5347.5213.8347.5347.5
561.3561.3232.6561.3561.3
0714.2714.2714.2714.2
41.9443.9443.9443.9443.9
136.5123.9123.9123.9123.9
67.6294.7294.7294.7294.7
172.1371.5371.5371.5371.5
69.8547.3547.3547.3547.3
91.9
67.3207.3207.3207.3207.3
081.681.681.681.6
68.785.485.485.485.4
76.8139.4139.4139.4139.4
110.5168.7168.7168.7168.7
52.6279.2279.2279.2279.2
331331118.5331331
71.5448.9448.9448.9448.9
45.862.962.962.962.9
61135.2135.2135.2135.2
56.3238.7238.7238.7238.7
4.3292.4292.4292.4292.4
145.9284.8145.9145.9145.9
62.3102102102102
68.381.481.481.481.4
69.2166.3166.3166.3166.3
36.8112.8112.8112.8112.8
113.6149.6149.6149.6149.6
44.8138.8138.8138.8138.8
129.332.332.332.332.3
209261261261261
26.1717.5717.5717.5717.5
245.2124.1124.1124.1124.1
31.6376.8376.8376.8376.8
96.1105105105105
33.3148148148148
54.6128.554.654.654.6
59.971717171
36.8180.8180.8180.8180.8
55.9321.6321.6321.6321.6
188.8188.8258.4188.8188.8
456.9205.5456.9456.9456.9
22.1663.7663.7663.7663.7
54.3125.2125.2125.2125.2
114.989.989.989.989.9
204.2207.6207.6207.6207.6
375.6375.6334.2375.6375.6
47.6669.9669.9669.9669.9
73.8199.1199.1199.1199.1
4.7158.6158.6158.6158.6
157.281.4157.2157.2157.2
4.1109.2109.2109.2109.2
197.498.6197.4197.4197.4
37.1172.7172.7172.7172.7
57.7254.7254.7254.7254.7
90.666666666
51.6222.3222.3222.3222.3
76.676.6346.776.676.6
02250
200100200
800100800
000
150150150
800800800
00300
6060240
180180120
65
40
35
35
Minor Incident
Severe Incident
Disastrous Incident
RED Warning from July 1983
old Amber
Antecedent 15 day Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall on Day of Incident (mm)
392.1392.1392.1392.1
531.3531.3531.3531.3
224.9224.9224.9224.9
357.4357.4357.4357.4
559.6559.6559.6559.6
391.6391.6391.6391.6
485485485485
202.7202.7202.7202.7
315.7315.7315.7315.7
249.9249.9249.9249.9
202202202202
253.7253.7253.7253.7
266.6266.6266.6266.6
303.8303.8303.8303.8
222.8222.8222.8222.8
324.7324.7324.7324.7
352352352352
304.9304.9304.9304.9
239.3239.3239.3239.3
266.3266.3266.3266.3
304.4304.4304.4304.4
363.2363.2363.2363.2
242.8242.8242.8242.8
364.5364.5364.5364.5
281.3281.3281.3281.3
338.4338.4338.4338.4
130.4130.4130.4130.4
313.8313.8313.8313.8
171.3171.3171.3171.3
318.2318.2318.2318.2
238.8238.8238.8238.8
319.5319.5319.5319.5
507.4507.4507.4507.4
223.7223.7223.7223.7
359.8359.8359.8359.8
586.3586.3586.3586.3
726.6726.6726.6726.6
365.1365.1365.1365.1
247.1247.1247.1247.1
236.9236.9236.9236.9
591.5591.5591.5591.5
444.8444.8444.8444.8
41.141.141.141.1
61.261.261.261.2
65656565
228.1228.1228.1228.1
63.163.163.163.1
340.2340.2340.2340.2
475.2475.2475.2475.2
212.8212.8212.8212.8
283.2283.2283.2283.2
185.4185.4185.4185.4
136.3136.3136.3136.3
231.3231.3231.3231.3
406.2406.2406.2406.2
788.9788.9788.9788.9
800.7800.7800.7800.7
556.3556.3556.3556.3
391.5391.5391.5391.5
359.1359.1359.1359.1
256.7256.7256.7256.7
127.9127.9127.9127.9
400.4400.4400.4400.4
92.292.292.292.2
363.6363.6363.6363.6
64.664.664.664.6
229.9229.9229.9229.9
249.6249.6249.6249.6
365.8365.8365.8365.8
141.6141.6141.6141.6
347.5347.5347.5347.5
561.3561.3561.3561.3
714.2714.2714.2714.2
443.9443.9443.9443.9
123.9123.9123.9123.9
294.7294.7294.7294.7
371.5371.5371.5371.5
547.3547.3547.3547.3
207.3207.3207.3207.3
81.681.681.681.6
85.485.485.485.4
139.4139.4139.4139.4
168.7168.7168.7168.7
279.2279.2279.2279.2
331331331331
448.9448.9448.9448.9
62.962.962.962.9
135.2135.2135.2135.2
238.7238.7238.7238.7
292.4292.4292.4292.4
145.9145.9145.9145.9
102102102102
81.481.481.481.4
166.3166.3166.3166.3
112.8112.8112.8112.8
149.6149.6149.6149.6
138.8138.8138.8138.8
32.332.332.332.3
261261261261
717.5717.5717.5717.5
124.1124.1124.1124.1
376.8376.8376.8376.8
105105105105
148148148148
54.654.654.654.6
71717171
180.8180.8180.8180.8
321.6321.6321.6321.6
188.8188.8188.8188.8
456.9456.9456.9456.9
663.7663.7663.7663.7
125.2125.2125.2125.2
89.989.989.989.9
207.6207.6207.6207.6
375.6375.6375.6375.6
669.9669.9669.9669.9
199.1199.1199.1199.1
158.6158.6158.6158.6
157.2157.2157.2157.2
109.2109.2109.2109.2
197.4197.4197.4197.4
172.7172.7172.7172.7
254.7254.7254.7254.7
66666666
222.3222.3222.3222.3
76.676.676.676.6
30022500
100100200200
100100800800
002000
150150100150
800800100800
000300
606060240
180180180120
65
40
35
35
A
B
C
RED Warning
RED Warning from July 1983
Alternative C
old Amber
Antecedent 15 Day Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall on day of Event (mm)
147.9392.1392.1392.1
85.8531.3531.3531.3
132.5224.9224.9224.9
202.2357.4357.4357.4
36.9559.6559.6559.6
391.6391.6107.5391.6
80.2485485485
202.7113.4202.7202.7
30.8315.7315.7315.7
34.2249.9249.9249.9
202230.1202202
139.9253.7253.7253.7
118.3266.6266.6266.6
65.3303.8303.8303.8
136.5222.8222.8222.8
66324.7324.7324.7
85352352352
69.9304.9304.9304.9
52239.3239.3239.3
159.4266.3266.3266.3
76.6304.4304.4304.4
107.4363.2363.2363.2
164.1242.8242.8242.8
105.7364.5364.5364.5
14.4281.3281.3281.3
338.4135.5338.4338.4
155.9130.4130.4130.4
313.8141.2313.8313.8
95.8171.3171.3171.3
318.269.1318.2318.2
29.6238.8238.8238.8
319.562.5319.5319.5
17.9507.4507.4507.4
223.7136.1223.7223.7
359.8359.8246.2359.8
27.8586.3586.3586.3
59.9726.6726.6726.6
10.1365.1365.1365.1
81.8247.1247.1247.1
236.9175.5236.9236.9
591.5591.5270.3591.5
16.5444.8444.8444.8
41.541.141.141.1
96.161.261.261.2
163.1656565
228.1236.1228.1228.1
90.663.163.163.1
45340.2340.2340.2
122475.2475.2475.2
212.872.7212.8212.8
120.2283.2283.2283.2
185.4246.5185.4185.4
78136.3136.3136.3
6.2231.3231.3231.3
406.2406.2382.6406.2
33.7788.9788.9788.9
31.4800.7800.7800.7
556.3200556.3556.3
104.1391.5391.5391.5
96.2359.1359.1359.1
134.6256.7256.7256.7
265.1127.9127.9127.9
86.5400.4400.4400.4
140.992.292.292.2
26.8363.6363.6363.6
78.464.664.664.6
229.9288.1229.9229.9
116.2249.6249.6249.6
365.8208.8365.8365.8
141.6205.9141.6141.6
347.5347.5213.8347.5
561.3561.3232.6561.3
0714.2714.2714.2
41.9443.9443.9443.9
136.5123.9123.9123.9
67.6294.7294.7294.7
172.1371.5371.5371.5
69.8547.3547.3547.3
91.9
67.3207.3207.3207.3
081.681.681.6
68.785.485.485.4
76.8139.4139.4139.4
110.5168.7168.7168.7
52.6279.2279.2279.2
331331118.5331
71.5448.9448.9448.9
45.862.962.962.9
61135.2135.2135.2
56.3238.7238.7238.7
4.3292.4292.4292.4
145.9284.8145.9145.9
62.3102102102
68.381.481.481.4
69.2166.3166.3166.3
36.8112.8112.8112.8
113.6149.6149.6149.6
44.8138.8138.8138.8
129.332.332.332.3
209261261261
26.1717.5717.5717.5
245.2124.1124.1124.1
31.6376.8376.8376.8
96.1105105105
33.3148148148
54.6128.554.654.6
59.9717171
36.8180.8180.8180.8
55.9321.6321.6321.6
188.8188.8258.4188.8
456.9205.5456.9456.9
22.1663.7663.7663.7
54.3125.2125.2125.2
114.989.989.989.9
204.2207.6207.6207.6
375.6375.6334.2375.6
47.6669.9669.9669.9
73.8199.1199.1199.1
4.7158.6158.6158.6
157.281.4157.2157.2
4.1109.2109.2109.2
197.498.6197.4197.4
37.1172.7172.7172.7
57.7254.7254.7254.7
90.6666666
51.6222.3222.3222.3
76.676.6346.776.6
00
200200
800800
00
150150
800800
0300
60240
180120
65
40
35
35
Minor Incident
Severe Incident
Disastrous Incident
old Amber
Antecedent 15 day Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall on Day of Incident (mm)
Record of Landslide Incidents in Hong Kong1930 - 1982
Incident No.DateCategoryRainfall on day (mm)Antecedent Rainfall (mm)Minor IncidentSevere IncidentDisastrous IncidentRED WarningAMBER WarningRED Warning from July 1983Alternative COld REDold Amber
17/24/30M147.9392.1147.9
27/25/30M85.8531.385.8
39/16/30M132.5224.9132.5
49/17/30M202.2357.4202.2
59/18/30M36.9559.636.9
67/30/32D107.5391.6107.5
77/31/32M80.248580.2
88/28/32S113.4202.7113.4
98/29/32M30.8315.730.8
106/30/33M34.2249.934.2
116/22/34S230.1202230.1
127/29/34M139.9253.7139.9
138/18/34M118.3266.6118.3
148/19/34M65.3303.865.3
158/2/36M136.5222.8136.5
168/4/36M66324.766
178/17/36M8535285
187/5/37M69.9304.969.9
198/22/37M52239.352
206/7/47M159.4266.3159.4
216/12/48M76.6304.476.6
227/28/48M107.4363.2107.4
236/25/49M164.1242.8164.1
246/26/49M105.7364.5105.7
255/14/51M14.4281.314.4
266/7/51S135.5338.4135.5
276/13/52M155.9130.4155.9
289/14/52S141.2313.8141.2
299/19/53M95.8171.395.8
305/11/55S69.1318.269.1
317/11/55M29.6238.829.6
327/18/55S62.5319.562.5
337/23/55M17.9507.417.9
345/21/57S136.1223.7136.1
355/22/57D246.2359.8246.2
365/25/57M27.8586.327.8
375/29/57M59.9726.659.9
387/18/57M10.1365.110.1
397/26/58M81.8247.181.8
406/13/59S175.5236.9175.5
416/15/59D270.3591.5270.3
428/10/59M16.5444.816.5
435/6/60M41.541.141.5
445/14/60M96.161.296.1
456/8/60M163.165163.1
466/9/60S236.1228.1236.1
473/19/61M90.663.190.6
489/4/61M45340.245
499/10/61M122475.2122
508/16/64S72.7212.872.7
519/11/64M120.2283.2120.2
5210/13/64S246.5185.4246.5
535/11/65M78136.378
549/29/65M6.2231.36.2
556/15/66D382.6406.2382.6
566/13/66M33.7788.933.7
576/15/66M31.4800.731.4
586/13/68S200556.3200
596/19/68M104.1391.5104.1
607/4/68M96.2359.196.2
616/5/69M134.6256.7134.6
625/13/70M265.1127.9265.1
635/26/70M86.5400.486.5
648/3/70M140.992.2140.9
659/10/70M26.8363.626.8
666/7/71M78.464.678.4
678/17/71S288.1229.9288.1
685/10/72M116.2249.6116.2
695/11/72S208.8365.8208.8
706/16/72S205.9141.6205.9
716/17/72D213.8347.5213.8
726/18/72D232.6561.3232.6
736/21/72M0714.20
748/21/72M41.9443.941.9
755/6/73M136.5123.9136.5
767/9/73M67.6294.767.6
777/17/73M172.1371.5172.1
789/2/73M69.8547.369.8
796/23/77M91.991.9
809/6/77M67.3207.367.3
814/12/78M081.60
824/16/78M68.785.468.7
835/18/78M76.8139.476.8
847/27/78M110.5168.7110.5
857/28/78M52.6279.252.6
867/29/78D118.5331118.5
877/30/78M71.5448.971.5
888/27/78M45.862.945.8
899/26/78M61135.261
9010/1/78M56.3238.756.3
9110/2/78M4.3292.44.3
9210/17/78S284.8145.9284.8
934/3/79M62.310262.3
945/13/79M68.381.468.3
955/15/79M69.2166.369.2
966/10/79m36.8112.836.8
976/11/79M113.6149.6113.6
987/1/79M44.8138.844.8
997/30/79M129.332.3129.3
1008/2/79M209261209
1018/11/79M26.1717.526.1
1029/23/79M245.2124.1245.2
1039/25/79M31.6376.831.6
1045/11/81M96.110596.1
1056/5/81M33.314833.3
1069/29/81S128.554.6128.5
1074/23/82M59.97159.9
1084/27/82M36.8180.836.8
1095/7/82M55.9321.655.9
1105/29/82D258.4188.8258.4
1115/31/82S205.5456.9205.5
1126/2/82M22.1663.722.1
1137/3/82M54.3125.254.3
1148/1/82M114.989.9114.9
1158/3/82M204.2207.6204.2
1168/16/82D334.2375.6334.2
1178/18/82M47.6669.947.6
1189/16/82M73.8199.173.8
1192/21/83M4.7158.64.7
1203/2/83S81.4157.281.4
1213/17/83M4.1109.24.1
1223/27/83S98.6197.498.6
1234/5/83M37.1172.737.1
1244/8/83M57.7254.757.7
1255/15/83M90.66690.6
1265/27/83M51.6222.351.6
1276/17/83D346.776.6346.7
0300200225
20010060100
80010060100
0200
150100
800100
0330300
60260240
180180120
32512565
5009540
7008535
8008035
DISASTER
SEVERE
MINOR
ISOLATED
147.9392.1392.1392.1392.1
85.8531.3531.3531.3531.3
132.5224.9224.9224.9224.9
202.2357.4357.4357.4357.4
36.9559.6559.6559.6559.6
391.6391.6107.5391.6391.6
80.2485485485485
202.7113.4202.7202.7202.7
30.8315.7315.7315.7315.7
34.2249.9249.9249.9249.9
202230.1202202202
139.9253.7253.7253.7253.7
118.3266.6266.6266.6266.6
65.3303.8303.8303.8303.8
136.5222.8222.8222.8222.8
66324.7324.7324.7324.7
85352352352352
69.9304.9304.9304.9304.9
52239.3239.3239.3239.3
159.4266.3266.3266.3266.3
76.6304.4304.4304.4304.4
107.4363.2363.2363.2363.2
164.1242.8242.8242.8242.8
105.7364.5364.5364.5364.5
14.4281.3281.3281.3281.3
338.4135.5338.4338.4338.4
155.9130.4130.4130.4130.4
313.8141.2313.8313.8313.8
95.8171.3171.3171.3171.3
318.269.1318.2318.2318.2
29.6238.8238.8238.8238.8
319.562.5319.5319.5319.5
17.9507.4507.4507.4507.4
223.7136.1223.7223.7223.7
359.8359.8246.2359.8359.8
27.8586.3586.3586.3586.3
59.9726.6726.6726.6726.6
10.1365.1365.1365.1365.1
81.8247.1247.1247.1247.1
236.9175.5236.9236.9236.9
591.5591.5270.3591.5591.5
16.5444.8444.8444.8444.8
41.541.141.141.141.1
96.161.261.261.261.2
163.165656565
228.1236.1228.1228.1228.1
90.663.163.163.163.1
45340.2340.2340.2340.2
122475.2475.2475.2475.2
212.872.7212.8212.8212.8
120.2283.2283.2283.2283.2
185.4246.5185.4185.4185.4
78136.3136.3136.3136.3
6.2231.3231.3231.3231.3
406.2406.2382.6406.2406.2
33.7788.9788.9788.9788.9
31.4800.7800.7800.7800.7
556.3200556.3556.3556.3
104.1391.5391.5391.5391.5
96.2359.1359.1359.1359.1
134.6256.7256.7256.7256.7
265.1127.9127.9127.9127.9
86.5400.4400.4400.4400.4
140.992.292.292.292.2
26.8363.6363.6363.6363.6
78.464.664.664.664.6
229.9288.1229.9229.9229.9
116.2249.6249.6249.6249.6
365.8208.8365.8365.8365.8
141.6205.9141.6141.6141.6
347.5347.5213.8347.5347.5
561.3561.3232.6561.3561.3
0714.2714.2714.2714.2
41.9443.9443.9443.9443.9
136.5123.9123.9123.9123.9
67.6294.7294.7294.7294.7
172.1371.5371.5371.5371.5
69.8547.3547.3547.3547.3
91.9
67.3207.3207.3207.3207.3
081.681.681.681.6
68.785.485.485.485.4
76.8139.4139.4139.4139.4
110.5168.7168.7168.7168.7
52.6279.2279.2279.2279.2
331331118.5331331
71.5448.9448.9448.9448.9
45.862.962.962.962.9
61135.2135.2135.2135.2
56.3238.7238.7238.7238.7
4.3292.4292.4292.4292.4
145.9284.8145.9145.9145.9
62.3102102102102
68.381.481.481.481.4
69.2166.3166.3166.3166.3
36.8112.8112.8112.8112.8
113.6149.6149.6149.6149.6
44.8138.8138.8138.8138.8
129.332.332.332.332.3
209261261261261
26.1717.5717.5717.5717.5
245.2124.1124.1124.1124.1
31.6376.8376.8376.8376.8
96.1105105105105
33.3148148148148
54.6128.554.654.654.6
59.971717171
36.8180.8180.8180.8180.8
55.9321.6321.6321.6321.6
188.8188.8258.4188.8188.8
456.9205.5456.9456.9456.9
22.1663.7663.7663.7663.7
54.3125.2125.2125.2125.2
114.989.989.989.989.9
204.2207.6207.6207.6207.6
375.6375.6334.2375.6375.6
47.6669.9669.9669.9669.9
73.8199.1199.1199.1199.1
4.7158.6158.6158.6158.6
157.281.4157.2157.2157.2
4.1109.2109.2109.2109.2
197.498.6197.4197.4197.4
37.1172.7172.7172.7172.7
57.7254.7254.7254.7254.7
90.666666666
51.6222.3222.3222.3222.3
76.676.6346.776.676.6
000
200200200
800800800
000
150150150
800800800
0330300
60260240
180180120
12565
9540
8535
8035
Minor Incident
Severe Incident
Disastrous Incident
Old RED
RED Warning (1977 - 1979)
old Amber
Amber Warning (1977 - 1979)
Antecedent Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall on Day (mm)
392.1392.1
531.3531.3
224.9224.9
357.4357.4
559.6559.6
391.6391.6
485485
202.7202.7
315.7315.7
249.9249.9
202202
253.7253.7
266.6266.6
303.8303.8
222.8222.8
324.7324.7
352352
304.9304.9
239.3239.3
266.3266.3
304.4304.4
363.2363.2
242.8242.8
364.5364.5
281.3281.3
338.4338.4
130.4130.4
313.8313.8
171.3171.3
318.2318.2
238.8238.8
319.5319.5
507.4507.4
223.7223.7
359.8359.8
586.3586.3
726.6726.6
365.1365.1
247.1247.1
236.9236.9
591.5591.5
444.8444.8
41.141.1
61.261.2
6565
228.1228.1
63.163.1
340.2340.2
475.2475.2
212.8212.8
283.2283.2
185.4185.4
136.3136.3
231.3231.3
406.2406.2
788.9788.9
800.7800.7
556.3556.3
391.5391.5
359.1359.1
256.7256.7
127.9127.9
400.4400.4
92.292.2
363.6363.6
64.664.6
229.9229.9
249.6249.6
365.8365.8
141.6141.6
347.5347.5
561.3561.3
714.2714.2
443.9443.9
123.9123.9
294.7294.7
371.5371.5
547.3547.3
207.3207.3
81.681.6
85.485.4
139.4139.4
168.7168.7
279.2279.2
331331
448.9448.9
62.962.9
135.2135.2
238.7238.7
292.4292.4
145.9145.9
102102
81.481.4
166.3166.3
112.8112.8
149.6149.6
138.8138.8
32.332.3
261261
717.5717.5
124.1124.1
376.8376.8
105105
148148
54.654.6
7171
180.8180.8
321.6321.6
188.8188.8
456.9456.9
663.7663.7
125.2125.2
89.989.9
207.6207.6
375.6375.6
669.9669.9
199.1199.1
158.6158.6
157.2157.2
109.2109.2
197.4197.4
172.7172.7
254.7254.7
6666
222.3222.3
76.676.6
00
200200
800800
00
150150
800800
330300
260240
180120
12565
9540
8535
8035
Old RED
RED Warning
old Amber
AMBER Warning
Antecedent 15 day Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall on Landslide Incident Day (mm)
Warning Levels used 1977 - 1979
392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1
531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3
224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9
357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4
559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6
391.6391.6391.6391.6391.6
485485485485485
202.7202.7202.7202.7202.7
315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7
249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9
202202202202202
253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7
266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6
303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8
222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8
324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7
352352352352352
304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9
239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3
266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3
304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4
363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2
242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8
364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5
281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3
338.4338.4338.4338.4338.4
130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4
313.8313.8313.8313.8313.8
171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3
318.2318.2318.2318.2318.2
238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8
319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5
507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4
223.7223.7223.7223.7223.7
359.8359.8359.8359.8359.8
586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3
726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6
365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1
247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1
236.9236.9236.9236.9236.9
591.5591.5591.5591.5591.5
444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8
41.141.141.141.141.1
61.261.261.261.261.2
6565656565
228.1228.1228.1228.1228.1
63.163.163.163.163.1
340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2
475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2
212.8212.8212.8212.8212.8
283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2
185.4185.4185.4185.4185.4
136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3
231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3
406.2406.2406.2406.2406.2
788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9
800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7
556.3556.3556.3556.3556.3
391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5
359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1
256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7
127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9
400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4
92.292.292.292.292.2
363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6
64.664.664.664.664.6
229.9229.9229.9229.9229.9
249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6
365.8365.8365.8365.8365.8
141.6141.6141.6141.6141.6
347.5347.5347.5347.5347.5
561.3561.3561.3561.3561.3
714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2
443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9
123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9
294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7
371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5
547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3
207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3
81.681.681.681.681.6
85.485.485.485.485.4
139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4
168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7
279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2
331331331331331
448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9
62.962.962.962.962.9
135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2
238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7
292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4
145.9145.9145.9145.9145.9
102102102102102
81.481.481.481.481.4
166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3
112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8
149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6
138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8
32.332.332.332.332.3
261261261261261
717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5
124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1
376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8
105105105105105
148148148148148
54.654.654.654.654.6
7171717171
180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8
321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6
188.8188.8188.8188.8188.8
456.9456.9456.9456.9456.9
663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7
125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2
89.989.989.989.989.9
207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6
375.6375.6375.6375.6375.6
669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9
199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1
158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6
157.2157.2157.2157.2157.2
109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2
197.4197.4197.4197.4197.4
172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7
254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7
6666666666
222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3
76.676.676.676.676.6
30020022500
10060100200200
10060100800800
00000
150150150150150
800800800800800
000330300
606060260240
180180180180120
12565
9540
8535
8035
RED Warning
AMBER Warning
RED Warning from July 1983
Old RED
old Amber
Antecedent 15 day Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall on Landslide Incident Day (mm)
Warning Levels 1980 - 1984
147.9392.1392.1392.1392.1
85.8531.3531.3531.3531.3
132.5224.9224.9224.9224.9
202.2357.4357.4357.4357.4
36.9559.6559.6559.6559.6
391.6391.6107.5391.6391.6
80.2485485485485
202.7113.4202.7202.7202.7
30.8315.7315.7315.7315.7
34.2249.9249.9249.9249.9
202230.1202202202
139.9253.7253.7253.7253.7
118.3266.6266.6266.6266.6
65.3303.8303.8303.8303.8
136.5222.8222.8222.8222.8
66324.7324.7324.7324.7
85352352352352
69.9304.9304.9304.9304.9
52239.3239.3239.3239.3
159.4266.3266.3266.3266.3
76.6304.4304.4304.4304.4
107.4363.2363.2363.2363.2
164.1242.8242.8242.8242.8
105.7364.5364.5364.5364.5
14.4281.3281.3281.3281.3
338.4135.5338.4338.4338.4
155.9130.4130.4130.4130.4
313.8141.2313.8313.8313.8
95.8171.3171.3171.3171.3
318.269.1318.2318.2318.2
29.6238.8238.8238.8238.8
319.562.5319.5319.5319.5
17.9507.4507.4507.4507.4
223.7136.1223.7223.7223.7
359.8359.8246.2359.8359.8
27.8586.3586.3586.3586.3
59.9726.6726.6726.6726.6
10.1365.1365.1365.1365.1
81.8247.1247.1247.1247.1
236.9175.5236.9236.9236.9
591.5591.5270.3591.5591.5
16.5444.8444.8444.8444.8
41.541.141.141.141.1
96.161.261.261.261.2
163.165656565
228.1236.1228.1228.1228.1
90.663.163.163.163.1
45340.2340.2340.2340.2
122475.2475.2475.2475.2
212.872.7212.8212.8212.8
120.2283.2283.2283.2283.2
185.4246.5185.4185.4185.4
78136.3136.3136.3136.3
6.2231.3231.3231.3231.3
406.2406.2382.6406.2406.2
33.7788.9788.9788.9788.9
31.4800.7800.7800.7800.7
556.3200556.3556.3556.3
104.1391.5391.5391.5391.5
96.2359.1359.1359.1359.1
134.6256.7256.7256.7256.7
265.1127.9127.9127.9127.9
86.5400.4400.4400.4400.4
140.992.292.292.292.2
26.8363.6363.6363.6363.6
78.464.664.664.664.6
229.9288.1229.9229.9229.9
116.2249.6249.6249.6249.6
365.8208.8365.8365.8365.8
141.6205.9141.6141.6141.6
347.5347.5213.8347.5347.5
561.3561.3232.6561.3561.3
0714.2714.2714.2714.2
41.9443.9443.9443.9443.9
136.5123.9123.9123.9123.9
67.6294.7294.7294.7294.7
172.1371.5371.5371.5371.5
69.8547.3547.3547.3547.3
91.9
67.3207.3207.3207.3207.3
081.681.681.681.6
68.785.485.485.485.4
76.8139.4139.4139.4139.4
110.5168.7168.7168.7168.7
52.6279.2279.2279.2279.2
331331118.5331331
71.5448.9448.9448.9448.9
45.862.962.962.962.9
61135.2135.2135.2135.2
56.3238.7238.7238.7238.7
4.3292.4292.4292.4292.4
145.9284.8145.9145.9145.9
62.3102102102102
68.381.481.481.481.4
69.2166.3166.3166.3166.3
36.8112.8112.8112.8112.8
113.6149.6149.6149.6149.6
44.8138.8138.8138.8138.8
129.332.332.332.332.3
209261261261261
26.1717.5717.5717.5717.5
245.2124.1124.1124.1124.1
31.6376.8376.8376.8376.8
96.1105105105105
33.3148148148148
54.6128.554.654.654.6
59.971717171
36.8180.8180.8180.8180.8
55.9321.6321.6321.6321.6
188.8188.8258.4188.8188.8
456.9205.5456.9456.9456.9
22.1663.7663.7663.7663.7
54.3125.2125.2125.2125.2
114.989.989.989.989.9
204.2207.6207.6207.6207.6
375.6375.6334.2375.6375.6
47.6669.9669.9669.9669.9
73.8199.1199.1199.1199.1
4.7158.6158.6158.6158.6
157.281.4157.2157.2157.2
4.1109.2109.2109.2109.2
197.498.6197.4197.4197.4
37.1172.7172.7172.7172.7
57.7254.7254.7254.7254.7
90.666666666
51.6222.3222.3222.3222.3
76.676.6346.776.676.6
02250
200100200
800100800
000
150150150
800800800
00300
6060240
180180120
65
40
35
35
Minor Incident
Severe Incident
Disastrous Incident
RED Warning from July 1983
old Amber
Antecedent 15 day Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall on Day of Incident (mm)
392.1392.1392.1392.1
531.3531.3531.3531.3
224.9224.9224.9224.9
357.4357.4357.4357.4
559.6559.6559.6559.6
391.6391.6391.6391.6
485485485485
202.7202.7202.7202.7
315.7315.7315.7315.7
249.9249.9249.9249.9
202202202202
253.7253.7253.7253.7
266.6266.6266.6266.6
303.8303.8303.8303.8
222.8222.8222.8222.8
324.7324.7324.7324.7
352352352352
304.9304.9304.9304.9
239.3239.3239.3239.3
266.3266.3266.3266.3
304.4304.4304.4304.4
363.2363.2363.2363.2
242.8242.8242.8242.8
364.5364.5364.5364.5
281.3281.3281.3281.3
338.4338.4338.4338.4
130.4130.4130.4130.4
313.8313.8313.8313.8
171.3171.3171.3171.3
318.2318.2318.2318.2
238.8238.8238.8238.8
319.5319.5319.5319.5
507.4507.4507.4507.4
223.7223.7223.7223.7
359.8359.8359.8359.8
586.3586.3586.3586.3
726.6726.6726.6726.6
365.1365.1365.1365.1
247.1247.1247.1247.1
236.9236.9236.9236.9
591.5591.5591.5591.5
444.8444.8444.8444.8
41.141.141.141.1
61.261.261.261.2
65656565
228.1228.1228.1228.1
63.163.163.163.1
340.2340.2340.2340.2
475.2475.2475.2475.2
212.8212.8212.8212.8
283.2283.2283.2283.2
185.4185.4185.4185.4
136.3136.3136.3136.3
231.3231.3231.3231.3
406.2406.2406.2406.2
788.9788.9788.9788.9
800.7800.7800.7800.7
556.3556.3556.3556.3
391.5391.5391.5391.5
359.1359.1359.1359.1
256.7256.7256.7256.7
127.9127.9127.9127.9
400.4400.4400.4400.4
92.292.292.292.2
363.6363.6363.6363.6
64.664.664.664.6
229.9229.9229.9229.9
249.6249.6249.6249.6
365.8365.8365.8365.8
141.6141.6141.6141.6
347.5347.5347.5347.5
561.3561.3561.3561.3
714.2714.2714.2714.2
443.9443.9443.9443.9
123.9123.9123.9123.9
294.7294.7294.7294.7
371.5371.5371.5371.5
547.3547.3547.3547.3
207.3207.3207.3207.3
81.681.681.681.6
85.485.485.485.4
139.4139.4139.4139.4
168.7168.7168.7168.7
279.2279.2279.2279.2
331331331331
448.9448.9448.9448.9
62.962.962.962.9
135.2135.2135.2135.2
238.7238.7238.7238.7
292.4292.4292.4292.4
145.9145.9145.9145.9
102102102102
81.481.481.481.4
166.3166.3166.3166.3
112.8112.8112.8112.8
149.6149.6149.6149.6
138.8138.8138.8138.8
32.332.332.332.3
261261261261
717.5717.5717.5717.5
124.1124.1124.1124.1
376.8376.8376.8376.8
105105105105
148148148148
54.654.654.654.6
71717171
180.8180.8180.8180.8
321.6321.6321.6321.6
188.8188.8188.8188.8
456.9456.9456.9456.9
663.7663.7663.7663.7
125.2125.2125.2125.2
89.989.989.989.9
207.6207.6207.6207.6
375.6375.6375.6375.6
669.9669.9669.9669.9
199.1199.1199.1199.1
158.6158.6158.6158.6
157.2157.2157.2157.2
109.2109.2109.2109.2
197.4197.4197.4197.4
172.7172.7172.7172.7
254.7254.7254.7254.7
66666666
222.3222.3222.3222.3
76.676.676.676.6
30022500
100100200200
100100800800
002000
150150100150
800800100800
000300
606060240
180180180120
65
40
35
35
A
B
C
RED Warning
RED Warning from July 1983
Alternative C
old Amber
Antecedent 15 Day Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall on day of Event (mm)
147.9392.1392.1392.1
85.8531.3531.3531.3
132.5224.9224.9224.9
202.2357.4357.4357.4
36.9559.6559.6559.6
391.6391.6107.5391.6
80.2485485485
202.7113.4202.7202.7
30.8315.7315.7315.7
34.2249.9249.9249.9
202230.1202202
139.9253.7253.7253.7
118.3266.6266.6266.6
65.3303.8303.8303.8
136.5222.8222.8222.8
66324.7324.7324.7
85352352352
69.9304.9304.9304.9
52239.3239.3239.3
159.4266.3266.3266.3
76.6304.4304.4304.4
107.4363.2363.2363.2
164.1242.8242.8242.8
105.7364.5364.5364.5
14.4281.3281.3281.3
338.4135.5338.4338.4
155.9130.4130.4130.4
313.8141.2313.8313.8
95.8171.3171.3171.3
318.269.1318.2318.2
29.6238.8238.8238.8
319.562.5319.5319.5
17.9507.4507.4507.4
223.7136.1223.7223.7
359.8359.8246.2359.8
27.8586.3586.3586.3
59.9726.6726.6726.6
10.1365.1365.1365.1
81.8247.1247.1247.1
236.9175.5236.9236.9
591.5591.5270.3591.5
16.5444.8444.8444.8
41.541.141.141.1
96.161.261.261.2
163.1656565
228.1236.1228.1228.1
90.663.163.163.1
45340.2340.2340.2
122475.2475.2475.2
212.872.7212.8212.8
120.2283.2283.2283.2
185.4246.5185.4185.4
78136.3136.3136.3
6.2231.3231.3231.3
406.2406.2382.6406.2
33.7788.9788.9788.9
31.4800.7800.7800.7
556.3200556.3556.3
104.1391.5391.5391.5
96.2359.1359.1359.1
134.6256.7256.7256.7
265.1127.9127.9127.9
86.5400.4400.4400.4
140.992.292.292.2
26.8363.6363.6363.6
78.464.664.664.6
229.9288.1229.9229.9
116.2249.6249.6249.6
365.8208.8365.8365.8
141.6205.9141.6141.6
347.5347.5213.8347.5
561.3561.3232.6561.3
0714.2714.2714.2
41.9443.9443.9443.9
136.5123.9123.9123.9
67.6294.7294.7294.7
172.1371.5371.5371.5
69.8547.3547.3547.3
91.9
67.3207.3207.3207.3
081.681.681.6
68.785.485.485.4
76.8139.4139.4139.4
110.5168.7168.7168.7
52.6279.2279.2279.2
331331118.5331
71.5448.9448.9448.9
45.862.962.962.9
61135.2135.2135.2
56.3238.7238.7238.7
4.3292.4292.4292.4
145.9284.8145.9145.9
62.3102102102
68.381.481.481.4
69.2166.3166.3166.3
36.8112.8112.8112.8
113.6149.6149.6149.6
44.8138.8138.8138.8
129.332.332.332.3
209261261261
26.1717.5717.5717.5
245.2124.1124.1124.1
31.6376.8376.8376.8
96.1105105105
33.3148148148
54.6128.554.654.6
59.9717171
36.8180.8180.8180.8
55.9321.6321.6321.6
188.8188.8258.4188.8
456.9205.5456.9456.9
22.1663.7663.7663.7
54.3125.2125.2125.2
114.989.989.989.9
204.2207.6207.6207.6
375.6375.6334.2375.6
47.6669.9669.9669.9
73.8199.1199.1199.1
4.7158.6158.6158.6
157.281.4157.2157.2
4.1109.2109.2109.2
197.498.6197.4197.4
37.1172.7172.7172.7
57.7254.7254.7254.7
90.6666666
51.6222.3222.3222.3
76.676.6346.776.6
00
200200
800800
00
150150
800800
0300
60240
180120
65
40
35
35
Minor Incident
Severe Incident
Disastrous Incident
old Amber
DISASTER
SEVERE
MINOR
ISOLATED
*Landslide Warning System 2: (1980 - mid 1983)Advantage: Much easier to identify whether WARNING should be called - even when chart is not to hand.
Chart2
147.9392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1
85.8531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3
132.5224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9
202.2357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4
36.9559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6
391.6391.6107.5391.6391.6391.6
80.2485485485485485
202.7113.4202.7202.7202.7202.7
30.8315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7
34.2249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9
202230.1202202202202
139.9253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7
118.3266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6
65.3303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8
136.5222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8
66324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7
85352352352352352
69.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9
52239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3
159.4266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3
76.6304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4
107.4363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2
164.1242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8
105.7364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5
14.4281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3
338.4135.5338.4338.4338.4338.4
155.9130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4
313.8141.2313.8313.8313.8313.8
95.8171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3
318.269.1318.2318.2318.2318.2
29.6238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8
319.562.5319.5319.5319.5319.5
17.9507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4
223.7136.1223.7223.7223.7223.7
359.8359.8246.2359.8359.8359.8
27.8586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3
59.9726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6
10.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1
81.8247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1
236.9175.5236.9236.9236.9236.9
591.5591.5270.3591.5591.5591.5
16.5444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8
41.541.141.141.141.141.1
96.161.261.261.261.261.2
163.16565656565
228.1236.1228.1228.1228.1228.1
90.663.163.163.163.163.1
45340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2
122475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2
212.872.7212.8212.8212.8212.8
120.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2
185.4246.5185.4185.4185.4185.4
78136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3
6.2231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3
406.2406.2382.6406.2406.2406.2
33.7788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9
31.4800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7
556.3200556.3556.3556.3556.3
104.1391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5
96.2359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1
134.6256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7
265.1127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9
86.5400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4
140.992.292.292.292.292.2
26.8363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6
78.464.664.664.664.664.6
229.9288.1229.9229.9229.9229.9
116.2249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6
365.8208.8365.8365.8365.8365.8
141.6205.9141.6141.6141.6141.6
347.5347.5213.8347.5347.5347.5
561.3561.3232.6561.3561.3561.3
0714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2
41.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9
136.5123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9
67.6294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7
172.1371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5
69.8547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3
91.9
67.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3
081.681.681.681.681.6
68.785.485.485.485.485.4
76.8139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4
110.5168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7
52.6279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2
331331118.5331331331
71.5448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9
45.862.962.962.962.962.9
61135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2
56.3238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7
4.3292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4
145.9284.8145.9145.9145.9145.9
62.3102102102102102
68.381.481.481.481.481.4
69.2166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3
36.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8
113.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6
44.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8
129.332.332.332.332.332.3
209261261261261261
26.1717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5
245.2124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1
31.6376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8
96.1105105105105105
33.3148148148148148
54.6128.554.654.654.654.6
59.97171717171
36.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8
55.9321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6
188.8188.8258.4188.8188.8188.8
456.9205.5456.9456.9456.9456.9
22.1663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7
54.3125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2
114.989.989.989.989.989.9
204.2207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6
375.6375.6334.2375.6375.6375.6
47.6669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9
73.8199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1
4.7158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6
157.281.4157.2157.2157.2157.2
4.1109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2
197.498.6197.4197.4197.4197.4
37.1172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7
57.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7
90.66666666666
51.6222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3
76.676.6346.776.676.676.6
03002000
20010060200
80010060800
0000
150150150150
800800800800
000300
606060240
180180180120
65
40
35
35
Minor Incident
Severe Incident
Disastrous Incident
RED Warning
AMBER Warning
old Amber
Sheet1
Sheet1
392.1392.1
531.3531.3
224.9224.9
357.4357.4
559.6559.6
391.6391.6
485485
202.7202.7
315.7315.7
249.9249.9
202202
253.7253.7
266.6266.6
303.8303.8
222.8222.8
324.7324.7
352352
304.9304.9
239.3239.3
266.3266.3
304.4304.4
363.2363.2
242.8242.8
364.5364.5
281.3281.3
338.4338.4
130.4130.4
313.8313.8
171.3171.3
318.2318.2
238.8238.8
319.5319.5
507.4507.4
223.7223.7
359.8359.8
586.3586.3
726.6726.6
365.1365.1
247.1247.1
236.9236.9
591.5591.5
444.8444.8
41.141.1
61.261.2
6565
228.1228.1
63.163.1
340.2340.2
475.2475.2
212.8212.8
283.2283.2
185.4185.4
136.3136.3
231.3231.3
406.2406.2
788.9788.9
800.7800.7
556.3556.3
391.5391.5
359.1359.1
256.7256.7
127.9127.9
400.4400.4
92.292.2
363.6363.6
64.664.6
229.9229.9
249.6249.6
365.8365.8
141.6141.6
347.5347.5
561.3561.3
714.2714.2
443.9443.9
123.9123.9
294.7294.7
371.5371.5
547.3547.3
207.3207.3
81.681.6
85.485.4
139.4139.4
168.7168.7
279.2279.2
331331
448.9448.9
62.962.9
135.2135.2
238.7238.7
292.4292.4
145.9145.9
102102
81.481.4
166.3166.3
112.8112.8
149.6149.6
138.8138.8
32.332.3
261261
717.5717.5
124.1124.1
376.8376.8
105105
148148
54.654.6
7171
180.8180.8
321.6321.6
188.8188.8
456.9456.9
663.7663.7
125.2125.2
89.989.9
207.6207.6
375.6375.6
669.9669.9
199.1199.1
158.6158.6
157.2157.2
109.2109.2
197.4197.4
172.7172.7
254.7254.7
6666
222.3222.3
76.676.6
00
200200
800800
00
150150
800800
330300
260240
180120
12565
9540
8535
8035
Old RED
RED Warning
old Amber
AMBER Warning
Warning Levels used 1977 - 1979
landslide_data
Record of Landslide Incidents in Hong Kong1930 - 1982
Incident No.DateCategoryRainfall on day (mm)Antecedent Rainfall (mm)Minor IncidentSevere IncidentDisastrous IncidentRED WarningAMBER WarningRED Warning from July 1983Alternative COld REDold Amber
17/24/30M147.9392.1147.9
27/25/30M85.8531.385.8
39/16/30M132.5224.9132.5
49/17/30M202.2357.4202.2
59/18/30M36.9559.636.9
67/30/32D107.5391.6107.5
77/31/32M80.248580.2
88/28/32S113.4202.7113.4
98/29/32M30.8315.730.8
106/30/33M34.2249.934.2
116/22/34S230.1202230.1
127/29/34M139.9253.7139.9
138/18/34M118.3266.6118.3
148/19/34M65.3303.865.3
158/2/36M136.5222.8136.5
168/4/36M66324.766
178/17/36M8535285
187/5/37M69.9304.969.9
198/22/37M52239.352
206/7/47M159.4266.3159.4
216/12/48M76.6304.476.6
227/28/48M107.4363.2107.4
236/25/49M164.1242.8164.1
246/26/49M105.7364.5105.7
255/14/51M14.4281.314.4
266/7/51S135.5338.4135.5
276/13/52M155.9130.4155.9
289/14/52S141.2313.8141.2
299/19/53M95.8171.395.8
305/11/55S69.1318.269.1
317/11/55M29.6238.829.6
327/18/55S62.5319.562.5
337/23/55M17.9507.417.9
345/21/57S136.1223.7136.1
355/22/57D246.2359.8246.2
365/25/57M27.8586.327.8
375/29/57M59.9726.659.9
387/18/57M10.1365.110.1
397/26/58M81.8247.181.8
406/13/59S175.5236.9175.5
416/15/59D270.3591.5270.3
428/10/59M16.5444.816.5
435/6/60M41.541.141.5
445/14/60M96.161.296.1
456/8/60M163.165163.1
466/9/60S236.1228.1236.1
473/19/61M90.663.190.6
489/4/61M45340.245
499/10/61M122475.2122
508/16/64S72.7212.872.7
519/11/64M120.2283.2120.2
5210/13/64S246.5185.4246.5
535/11/65M78136.378
549/29/65M6.2231.36.2
556/15/66D382.6406.2382.6
566/13/66M33.7788.933.7
576/15/66M31.4800.731.4
586/13/68S200556.3200
596/19/68M104.1391.5104.1
607/4/68M96.2359.196.2
616/5/69M134.6256.7134.6
625/13/70M265.1127.9265.1
635/26/70M86.5400.486.5
648/3/70M140.992.2140.9
659/10/70M26.8363.626.8
666/7/71M78.464.678.4
678/17/71S288.1229.9288.1
685/10/72M116.2249.6116.2
695/11/72S208.8365.8208.8
706/16/72S205.9141.6205.9
716/17/72D213.8347.5213.8
726/18/72D232.6561.3232.6
736/21/72M0714.20
748/21/72M41.9443.941.9
755/6/73M136.5123.9136.5
767/9/73M67.6294.767.6
777/17/73M172.1371.5172.1
789/2/73M69.8547.369.8
796/23/77M91.991.9
809/6/77M67.3207.367.3
814/12/78M081.60
824/16/78M68.785.468.7
835/18/78M76.8139.476.8
847/27/78M110.5168.7110.5
857/28/78M52.6279.252.6
867/29/78D118.5331118.5
877/30/78M71.5448.971.5
888/27/78M45.862.945.8
899/26/78M61135.261
9010/1/78M56.3238.756.3
9110/2/78M4.3292.44.3
9210/17/78S284.8145.9284.8
934/3/79M62.310262.3
945/13/79M68.381.468.3
955/15/79M69.2166.369.2
966/10/79m36.8112.836.8
976/11/79M113.6149.6113.6
987/1/79M44.8138.844.8
997/30/79M129.332.3129.3
1008/2/79M209261209
1018/11/79M26.1717.526.1
1029/23/79M245.2124.1245.2
1039/25/79M31.6376.831.6
1045/11/81M96.110596.1
1056/5/81M33.314833.3
1069/29/81S128.554.6128.5
1074/23/82M59.97159.9
1084/27/82M36.8180.836.8
1095/7/82M55.9321.655.9
1105/29/82D258.4188.8258.4
1115/31/82S205.5456.9205.5
1126/2/82M22.1663.722.1
1137/3/82M54.3125.254.3
1148/1/82M114.989.9114.9
1158/3/82M204.2207.6204.2
1168/16/82D334.2375.6334.2
1178/18/82M47.6669.947.6
1189/16/82M73.8199.173.8
1192/21/83M4.7158.64.7
1203/2/83S81.4157.281.4
1213/17/83M4.1109.24.1
1223/27/83S98.6197.498.6
1234/5/83M37.1172.737.1
1244/8/83M57.7254.757.7
1255/15/83M90.66690.6
1265/27/83M51.6222.351.6
1276/17/83D346.776.6346.7
0300200225
20010060100
80010060100
0200
150100
800100
0330300
60260240
180180120
32512565
5009540
7008535
8008035
landslide_data
147.9392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1
85.8531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3
132.5224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9
202.2357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4
36.9559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6
391.6391.6107.5391.6391.6391.6391.6391.6391.6
80.2485485485485485485485485
202.7113.4202.7202.7202.7202.7202.7202.7202.7
30.8315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7
34.2249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9
202230.1202202202202202202202
139.9253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7
118.3266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6
65.3303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8
136.5222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8
66324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7
85352352352352352352352352
69.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9
52239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3
159.4266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3
76.6304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4
107.4363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2
164.1242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8
105.7364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5
14.4281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3
338.4135.5338.4338.4338.4338.4338.4338.4338.4
155.9130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4
313.8141.2313.8313.8313.8313.8313.8313.8313.8
95.8171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3
318.269.1318.2318.2318.2318.2318.2318.2318.2
29.6238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8
319.562.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5
17.9507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4
223.7136.1223.7223.7223.7223.7223.7223.7223.7
359.8359.8246.2359.8359.8359.8359.8359.8359.8
27.8586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3
59.9726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6
10.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1
81.8247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1
236.9175.5236.9236.9236.9236.9236.9236.9236.9
591.5591.5270.3591.5591.5591.5591.5591.5591.5
16.5444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8
41.541.141.141.141.141.141.141.141.1
96.161.261.261.261.261.261.261.261.2
163.16565656565656565
228.1236.1228.1228.1228.1228.1228.1228.1228.1
90.663.163.163.163.163.163.163.163.1
45340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2
122475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2
212.872.7212.8212.8212.8212.8212.8212.8212.8
120.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2
185.4246.5185.4185.4185.4185.4185.4185.4185.4
78136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3
6.2231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3
406.2406.2382.6406.2406.2406.2406.2406.2406.2
33.7788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9
31.4800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7
556.3200556.3556.3556.3556.3556.3556.3556.3
104.1391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5
96.2359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1
134.6256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7
265.1127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9
86.5400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4
140.992.292.292.292.292.292.292.292.2
26.8363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6
78.464.664.664.664.664.664.664.664.6
229.9288.1229.9229.9229.9229.9229.9229.9229.9
116.2249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6
365.8208.8365.8365.8365.8365.8365.8365.8365.8
141.6205.9141.6141.6141.6141.6141.6141.6141.6
347.5347.5213.8347.5347.5347.5347.5347.5347.5
561.3561.3232.6561.3561.3561.3561.3561.3561.3
0714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2
41.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9
136.5123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9
67.6294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7
172.1371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5
69.8547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3
91.9
67.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3
081.681.681.681.681.681.681.681.6
68.785.485.485.485.485.485.485.485.4
76.8139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4
110.5168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7
52.6279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2
331331118.5331331331331331331
71.5448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9
45.862.962.962.962.962.962.962.962.9
61135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2
56.3238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7
4.3292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4
145.9284.8145.9145.9145.9145.9145.9145.9145.9
62.3102102102102102102102102
68.381.481.481.481.481.481.481.481.4
69.2166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3
36.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8
113.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6
44.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8
129.332.332.332.332.332.332.332.332.3
209261261261261261261261261
26.1717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5
245.2124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1
31.6376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8
96.1105105105105105105105105
33.3148148148148148148148148
54.6128.554.654.654.654.654.654.654.6
59.97171717171717171
36.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8
55.9321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6
188.8188.8258.4188.8188.8188.8188.8188.8188.8
456.9205.5456.9456.9456.9456.9456.9456.9456.9
22.1663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7
54.3125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2
114.989.989.989.989.989.989.989.989.9
204.2207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6
375.6375.6334.2375.6375.6375.6375.6375.6375.6
47.6669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9
73.8199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1
4.7158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6
157.281.4157.2157.2157.2157.2157.2157.2157.2
4.1109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2
197.498.6197.4197.4197.4197.4197.4197.4197.4
37.1172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7
57.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7
90.66666666666666666
51.6222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3
76.676.6346.776.676.676.676.676.676.6
0300200225000
20010060100200200200
80010060100800800800
000020000
150150150150100150150
800800800800100800800
00000330300
6060606060260240
180180180180180180120
12565
9540
8535
8035
Minor Incident
Severe Incident
Disastrous Incident
RED Warning
AMBER Warning
RED Warning from July 1983
Alternative C
Old RED
old Amber
landslide_data (2)
392.1392.1
531.3531.3
224.9224.9
357.4357.4
559.6559.6
391.6391.6
485485
202.7202.7
315.7315.7
249.9249.9
202202
253.7253.7
266.6266.6
303.8303.8
222.8222.8
324.7324.7
352352
304.9304.9
239.3239.3
266.3266.3
304.4304.4
363.2363.2
242.8242.8
364.5364.5
281.3281.3
338.4338.4
130.4130.4
313.8313.8
171.3171.3
318.2318.2
238.8238.8
319.5319.5
507.4507.4
223.7223.7
359.8359.8
586.3586.3
726.6726.6
365.1365.1
247.1247.1
236.9236.9
591.5591.5
444.8444.8
41.141.1
61.261.2
6565
22