*Managing Landslide Hazard Risk in Sub Tropical Countries Major Landslide at Maracas, Trinidad - Late December 2002.Keith ToveyReader in Environmental Sciences, HSBC Director of Low Carbon Innovation. University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, NR4 7TJAcknowledgements: British Council, University of East Anglia, University of West Indies (Trinidad) Hong Kong Government

*IntroductionModelling Methods Engineering Models GIS Methods Statistical MethodsManagement IssuesConclusionsManaging Landslide Hazard Risk in Sub Tropical Countries

*LandslideSafe at the momentLandslidePreventive MeasuresLandslides: IntroductionDesignCostBuildStability AssessmentInjuryDeathEconomic LossDisruption to Transport LinksConsequences of Landslides

*Main Manchester Sheffield Road (A625)Alternative route only suitable for light vehicles gradient of 1 in 4Landslides: Removing the Consequence1 km

*Landslides in Kowloon East 28th - 31st May 1982Landslides: Removing the Consequence

*LandslideLandslidePreventive MeasuresMans Influence (Agriculture /Development)Landslides: Engineering Modelling Methods

GeologyDesignCostBuildStability AssessmentBut only for specific slopes

*Applicable to very specific locations onlyCan have moderate to good accuracy for spatial predictions where information existsModerate accuracy for temporal predictions (good if accurate ground water temporal variations are available) Poor for overall spatial coverageIs costly to implement.Landslides: Engineering Modelling MethodsBut one must not be complacent

*bermsLandslide in man made Cut Slope at km 365 west of Sao Paolo - August 2002

*General Planning Guidelines of Landslide RiskClassification into potential Areas of Risk

Soil TypeLandslides: GIS Modelling Methods

Geology

HydrologyGeneral Slope (and aspect)

Land Use Database of existing LandslidesIdentification of areas for detailed Engineering StudyCataloguing slopes and landslides

*Good spatial (geographic) coverage of likelihood of landslidesPoor to moderate prediction of precise locations of landslides Effective use of resourcesPoor accuracy for temporal predictions i.e. precisely when landslides occurLandslides: GIS Modelling MethodsAccuracy is dependant on existence of a good unbiassed database of landslides and slopes

*e.g. North Coast Road, TrinidadLandslides: Categorisation of Slopes

*Landslide at MaracasDecember 2002December 2004 note the slide is much more extensive

*December 9th Landslide3 km beyond Las Cuevas as seen on TVhalf of road blockedLandslide 11th December 2004 at approximately 13:001 km before Las Cuevashalf of road blocked

*Slope before failure at CouvaSlope after Landslide

Slide by Derek Gay, UWI

*Landslides: GIS Modelling Methods: Requirements for the future Cut Slopes Fill Slopes Retaining Walls Hybrids: Cut/Retaining Wall / Fill/Retaining Wall Natural Slopes - is there a better word?slopes where there has been no anthropogenic activity, or where there is such activity it causes small changes to the geometry of the slope so that the Factor of Safety is largely unaffected.Landslides triggered by anthropogenic activityDeep seated landslide unaffected by anthropogenic activity

*Landslides: Statistical MethodsPrediction of exactly when landslides are likely to occurIssue warnings to affected peopleMobilise Emergency TeamsHistorical Database of Landslide OccurrenceRainfall DataResearch to correlate Rainfall with Landslide IncidenceAntecedent RainfallCurrent/ Predicted RainfallAim: to minimise injury and loss of life

*Poor prediction for spatial location of Landslides.Potentially effective use of resources to minimise death and injury.Moderate ability to predict when landslides are likely to occur.Requires automatic recording of rainfall over short periods of time (e.g. 5 15 minute intervals).Requires a robust historic database of landslides and associated rainfall.Landslides: Statistical MethodsLandslide Warning SystemMethod aims to alert people to impending danger so they can seek safety during critical periods it will not prevent landslides

*Rain Gauge Network in Hong KongBuilt Up Areas

* Historically: Reactive Approach to LandslidesSimilar to present situation in Trinidad and Tobago From 1977 onwards: approach became progressively more pro-activeHong Kong ApproachLandslides: Management Proactive Control of all New Developments > Engineering / Geotechnical Control Categorisation of Slopes and Landslides> Develop a Robust Database > Identify critical issues and areas affected: GIS > Planning Policies> Identification of Critical regions for Preventative Measures Development of Landslide Warning System.

*Click once on Slope to display data for 11SW-A/CR175Slope Catalogue: Slope 11SW-A/CR175: Po Shan RoadLandslides: Management

*Centred Map for Cut Slope 11SW-A/CR175: Po Shan RoadLandslides: Management

*Feature Registration Form for Po Shan Road Slope11SW-A/CR175Major Disaster in June 1972Landslide Preventative Measure

PRIVATEBackground Information And Related Document

Feature Reference Number

11SW-A/CR 175

GIU Cell Ref.

11SW7D8 - NKTs Classification still in use!

Location

18M NORTH OF 21 PO SHAN ROAD

Sift Class

C1

Map Sheet Reference (1:1000) 11SW- 7D

Coordinates

Easting : 832718 Northing : 815676

Aerial Photos

Photo No.

Year

1824-5

1972

Nearest Raingauge Station(Station Number)

Knowles Building, Hong Kong University (H04)

Data Collected On

11/14/97

Date of Construction, Subsequent Modification & Demolition

N/A

Related Reports/Files or Documents

File/Report

Ref. No

Previous Instability

16/6/72 63/11SW-A, 64/11SW-A

Previous Instability

17/6/72 66/11SW-A, 18/6/72 69/11SW-A

Development

GCI 2/B7/113

BP Reports

IIB Po Shan Rd Area 3/76, Mid Level Rpt 3/86

GEO

Mid Levels Study Rpt

LPM

Considered in 91 Selected

Pre-SIRST

Field Sheet

DH-Order (To Be Confirmed with Buildings Department)

NONE

Advisory Letter (To Be Confirmed with Buildings Department)

NONE

Remarks

N/A

Follow Up Actions

N/A

Maintenance Responsibility

Government

Responsible Government Department - HyD

(Based on SIMAR results from Lands Department) IMPORTANT - READ Disclaimer

*Centred Map for Cut Slope 11SW-A/CR175: Po Shan RoadLandslides: Management

*Landslides: Management

*Requirements:It should:1) provide sufficient warning of an eventto alert general publicto mobilise Emergency Servicesto open temporary Shelters2) predict IN ADVANCE all serious EVENTS3) minimise number of false alarmsThree criteria can be in conflict: How long should warning be? Longer the time, the less accurate will be prediction more false alarmsLandslides: Landslide Warning System

*Two ApproachesDetailed Warning - e.g. 1. Conduit Road

Warning based solely on Rainfallautomatic piezometer gives warning when ground water level gets above a critical level as determined by Slope Stability Analysis

Aim to give warning when a significant number of landslides are likely to occur.(>10)Background to Warning SystemLandslides: Landslide Warning System

*Research needed to correlate incidence of landslides with rainfallantecedent current predicted Hong Kong scheme ~ mid 1980sResearch needed to adapt ideas to local conditions in Trinidad and Tobago. Emergency Services need clear guidelines on how to react.Reporting system needed to notify public (via radio/ television)Landslides: Statistical MethodsLandslide Warning System (continued)

*Are Slopes more susceptible to failure if there has been prolonged rainfall on preceding days?How should Antecedent rainfall Conditions be incorporated.Lumb (1975) - 15-day antecedent conditions. charts for Warning Purposes based both on Rainfall on Day AND Antecedent conditions.

Most simple model uses simple cumulative 15-day antecedent rainfall.Could use a weighted system with days more distant weighted less.Lumb favoured simple approach.ANTECEDENT CONDITIONS.

* 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Day24 hour criteriaCumulative Rainfall over previous 15 daysCummulative RainfallBasis of Lumbs Predictor

*Rainfall Profile and Onset of Landslides

*First Landslide Warning System (1977 - 1979)AMBER and RED Warnings issued when predicted 24 hour rainfall would plot above relevant line.A Problem: Difficult to use without direct access to Chart.

Chart1

147.9392.1392.1392.1392.1

85.8531.3531.3531.3531.3

132.5224.9224.9224.9224.9

202.2357.4357.4357.4357.4

36.9559.6559.6559.6559.6

391.6391.6107.5391.6391.6

80.2485485485485

202.7113.4202.7202.7202.7

30.8315.7315.7315.7315.7

34.2249.9249.9249.9249.9

202230.1202202202

139.9253.7253.7253.7253.7

118.3266.6266.6266.6266.6

65.3303.8303.8303.8303.8

136.5222.8222.8222.8222.8

66324.7324.7324.7324.7

85352352352352

69.9304.9304.9304.9304.9

52239.3239.3239.3239.3

159.4266.3266.3266.3266.3

76.6304.4304.4304.4304.4

107.4363.2363.2363.2363.2

164.1242.8242.8242.8242.8

105.7364.5364.5364.5364.5

14.4281.3281.3281.3281.3

338.4135.5338.4338.4338.4

155.9130.4130.4130.4130.4

313.8141.2313.8313.8313.8

95.8171.3171.3171.3171.3

318.269.1318.2318.2318.2

29.6238.8238.8238.8238.8

319.562.5319.5319.5319.5

17.9507.4507.4507.4507.4

223.7136.1223.7223.7223.7

359.8359.8246.2359.8359.8

27.8586.3586.3586.3586.3

59.9726.6726.6726.6726.6

10.1365.1365.1365.1365.1

81.8247.1247.1247.1247.1

236.9175.5236.9236.9236.9

591.5591.5270.3591.5591.5

16.5444.8444.8444.8444.8

41.541.141.141.141.1

96.161.261.261.261.2

163.165656565

228.1236.1228.1228.1228.1

90.663.163.163.163.1

45340.2340.2340.2340.2

122475.2475.2475.2475.2

212.872.7212.8212.8212.8

120.2283.2283.2283.2283.2

185.4246.5185.4185.4185.4

78136.3136.3136.3136.3

6.2231.3231.3231.3231.3

406.2406.2382.6406.2406.2

33.7788.9788.9788.9788.9

31.4800.7800.7800.7800.7

556.3200556.3556.3556.3

104.1391.5391.5391.5391.5

96.2359.1359.1359.1359.1

134.6256.7256.7256.7256.7

265.1127.9127.9127.9127.9

86.5400.4400.4400.4400.4

140.992.292.292.292.2

26.8363.6363.6363.6363.6

78.464.664.664.664.6

229.9288.1229.9229.9229.9

116.2249.6249.6249.6249.6

365.8208.8365.8365.8365.8

141.6205.9141.6141.6141.6

347.5347.5213.8347.5347.5

561.3561.3232.6561.3561.3

0714.2714.2714.2714.2

41.9443.9443.9443.9443.9

136.5123.9123.9123.9123.9

67.6294.7294.7294.7294.7

172.1371.5371.5371.5371.5

69.8547.3547.3547.3547.3

91.9

67.3207.3207.3207.3207.3

081.681.681.681.6

68.785.485.485.485.4

76.8139.4139.4139.4139.4

110.5168.7168.7168.7168.7

52.6279.2279.2279.2279.2

331331118.5331331

71.5448.9448.9448.9448.9

45.862.962.962.962.9

61135.2135.2135.2135.2

56.3238.7238.7238.7238.7

4.3292.4292.4292.4292.4

145.9284.8145.9145.9145.9

62.3102102102102

68.381.481.481.481.4

69.2166.3166.3166.3166.3

36.8112.8112.8112.8112.8

113.6149.6149.6149.6149.6

44.8138.8138.8138.8138.8

129.332.332.332.332.3

209261261261261

26.1717.5717.5717.5717.5

245.2124.1124.1124.1124.1

31.6376.8376.8376.8376.8

96.1105105105105

33.3148148148148

54.6128.554.654.654.6

59.971717171

36.8180.8180.8180.8180.8

55.9321.6321.6321.6321.6

188.8188.8258.4188.8188.8

456.9205.5456.9456.9456.9

22.1663.7663.7663.7663.7

54.3125.2125.2125.2125.2

114.989.989.989.989.9

204.2207.6207.6207.6207.6

375.6375.6334.2375.6375.6

47.6669.9669.9669.9669.9

73.8199.1199.1199.1199.1

4.7158.6158.6158.6158.6

157.281.4157.2157.2157.2

4.1109.2109.2109.2109.2

197.498.6197.4197.4197.4

37.1172.7172.7172.7172.7

57.7254.7254.7254.7254.7

90.666666666

51.6222.3222.3222.3222.3

76.676.6346.776.676.6

000

200200200

800800800

000

150150150

800800800

0330300

60260240

180180120

12565

9540

8535

8035

Minor Incident

Severe Incident

Disastrous Incident

Old RED

RED Warning (1977 - 1979)

old Amber

Amber Warning (1977 - 1979)

Antecedent Rainfall (mm)

Rainfall on Day (mm)

Sheet1

Sheet1

392.1392.1

531.3531.3

224.9224.9

357.4357.4

559.6559.6

391.6391.6

485485

202.7202.7

315.7315.7

249.9249.9

202202

253.7253.7

266.6266.6

303.8303.8

222.8222.8

324.7324.7

352352

304.9304.9

239.3239.3

266.3266.3

304.4304.4

363.2363.2

242.8242.8

364.5364.5

281.3281.3

338.4338.4

130.4130.4

313.8313.8

171.3171.3

318.2318.2

238.8238.8

319.5319.5

507.4507.4

223.7223.7

359.8359.8

586.3586.3

726.6726.6

365.1365.1

247.1247.1

236.9236.9

591.5591.5

444.8444.8

41.141.1

61.261.2

6565

228.1228.1

63.163.1

340.2340.2

475.2475.2

212.8212.8

283.2283.2

185.4185.4

136.3136.3

231.3231.3

406.2406.2

788.9788.9

800.7800.7

556.3556.3

391.5391.5

359.1359.1

256.7256.7

127.9127.9

400.4400.4

92.292.2

363.6363.6

64.664.6

229.9229.9

249.6249.6

365.8365.8

141.6141.6

347.5347.5

561.3561.3

714.2714.2

443.9443.9

123.9123.9

294.7294.7

371.5371.5

547.3547.3

207.3207.3

81.681.6

85.485.4

139.4139.4

168.7168.7

279.2279.2

331331

448.9448.9

62.962.9

135.2135.2

238.7238.7

292.4292.4

145.9145.9

102102

81.481.4

166.3166.3

112.8112.8

149.6149.6

138.8138.8

32.332.3

261261

717.5717.5

124.1124.1

376.8376.8

105105

148148

54.654.6

7171

180.8180.8

321.6321.6

188.8188.8

456.9456.9

663.7663.7

125.2125.2

89.989.9

207.6207.6

375.6375.6

669.9669.9

199.1199.1

158.6158.6

157.2157.2

109.2109.2

197.4197.4

172.7172.7

254.7254.7

6666

222.3222.3

76.676.6

00

200200

800800

00

150150

800800

330300

260240

180120

12565

9540

8535

8035

Old RED

RED Warning

old Amber

AMBER Warning

Warning Levels used 1977 - 1979

landslide_data

Record of Landslide Incidents in Hong Kong1930 - 1982

Incident No.DateCategoryRainfall on day (mm)Antecedent Rainfall (mm)Minor IncidentSevere IncidentDisastrous IncidentRED WarningAMBER WarningRED Warning from July 1983Alternative COld REDold Amber

17/24/30M147.9392.1147.9

27/25/30M85.8531.385.8

39/16/30M132.5224.9132.5

49/17/30M202.2357.4202.2

59/18/30M36.9559.636.9

67/30/32D107.5391.6107.5

77/31/32M80.248580.2

88/28/32S113.4202.7113.4

98/29/32M30.8315.730.8

106/30/33M34.2249.934.2

116/22/34S230.1202230.1

127/29/34M139.9253.7139.9

138/18/34M118.3266.6118.3

148/19/34M65.3303.865.3

158/2/36M136.5222.8136.5

168/4/36M66324.766

178/17/36M8535285

187/5/37M69.9304.969.9

198/22/37M52239.352

206/7/47M159.4266.3159.4

216/12/48M76.6304.476.6

227/28/48M107.4363.2107.4

236/25/49M164.1242.8164.1

246/26/49M105.7364.5105.7

255/14/51M14.4281.314.4

266/7/51S135.5338.4135.5

276/13/52M155.9130.4155.9

289/14/52S141.2313.8141.2

299/19/53M95.8171.395.8

305/11/55S69.1318.269.1

317/11/55M29.6238.829.6

327/18/55S62.5319.562.5

337/23/55M17.9507.417.9

345/21/57S136.1223.7136.1

355/22/57D246.2359.8246.2

365/25/57M27.8586.327.8

375/29/57M59.9726.659.9

387/18/57M10.1365.110.1

397/26/58M81.8247.181.8

406/13/59S175.5236.9175.5

416/15/59D270.3591.5270.3

428/10/59M16.5444.816.5

435/6/60M41.541.141.5

445/14/60M96.161.296.1

456/8/60M163.165163.1

466/9/60S236.1228.1236.1

473/19/61M90.663.190.6

489/4/61M45340.245

499/10/61M122475.2122

508/16/64S72.7212.872.7

519/11/64M120.2283.2120.2

5210/13/64S246.5185.4246.5

535/11/65M78136.378

549/29/65M6.2231.36.2

556/15/66D382.6406.2382.6

566/13/66M33.7788.933.7

576/15/66M31.4800.731.4

586/13/68S200556.3200

596/19/68M104.1391.5104.1

607/4/68M96.2359.196.2

616/5/69M134.6256.7134.6

625/13/70M265.1127.9265.1

635/26/70M86.5400.486.5

648/3/70M140.992.2140.9

659/10/70M26.8363.626.8

666/7/71M78.464.678.4

678/17/71S288.1229.9288.1

685/10/72M116.2249.6116.2

695/11/72S208.8365.8208.8

706/16/72S205.9141.6205.9

716/17/72D213.8347.5213.8

726/18/72D232.6561.3232.6

736/21/72M0714.20

748/21/72M41.9443.941.9

755/6/73M136.5123.9136.5

767/9/73M67.6294.767.6

777/17/73M172.1371.5172.1

789/2/73M69.8547.369.8

796/23/77M91.991.9

809/6/77M67.3207.367.3

814/12/78M081.60

824/16/78M68.785.468.7

835/18/78M76.8139.476.8

847/27/78M110.5168.7110.5

857/28/78M52.6279.252.6

867/29/78D118.5331118.5

877/30/78M71.5448.971.5

888/27/78M45.862.945.8

899/26/78M61135.261

9010/1/78M56.3238.756.3

9110/2/78M4.3292.44.3

9210/17/78S284.8145.9284.8

934/3/79M62.310262.3

945/13/79M68.381.468.3

955/15/79M69.2166.369.2

966/10/79m36.8112.836.8

976/11/79M113.6149.6113.6

987/1/79M44.8138.844.8

997/30/79M129.332.3129.3

1008/2/79M209261209

1018/11/79M26.1717.526.1

1029/23/79M245.2124.1245.2

1039/25/79M31.6376.831.6

1045/11/81M96.110596.1

1056/5/81M33.314833.3

1069/29/81S128.554.6128.5

1074/23/82M59.97159.9

1084/27/82M36.8180.836.8

1095/7/82M55.9321.655.9

1105/29/82D258.4188.8258.4

1115/31/82S205.5456.9205.5

1126/2/82M22.1663.722.1

1137/3/82M54.3125.254.3

1148/1/82M114.989.9114.9

1158/3/82M204.2207.6204.2

1168/16/82D334.2375.6334.2

1178/18/82M47.6669.947.6

1189/16/82M73.8199.173.8

1192/21/83M4.7158.64.7

1203/2/83S81.4157.281.4

1213/17/83M4.1109.24.1

1223/27/83S98.6197.498.6

1234/5/83M37.1172.737.1

1244/8/83M57.7254.757.7

1255/15/83M90.66690.6

1265/27/83M51.6222.351.6

1276/17/83D346.776.6346.7

0300200225

20010060100

80010060100

0200

150100

800100

0330300

60260240

180180120

32512565

5009540

7008535

8008035

landslide_data

147.9392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1

85.8531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3

132.5224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9

202.2357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4

36.9559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6

391.6391.6107.5391.6391.6391.6391.6391.6391.6

80.2485485485485485485485485

202.7113.4202.7202.7202.7202.7202.7202.7202.7

30.8315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7

34.2249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9

202230.1202202202202202202202

139.9253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7

118.3266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6

65.3303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8

136.5222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8

66324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7

85352352352352352352352352

69.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9

52239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3

159.4266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3

76.6304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4

107.4363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2

164.1242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8

105.7364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5

14.4281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3

338.4135.5338.4338.4338.4338.4338.4338.4338.4

155.9130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4

313.8141.2313.8313.8313.8313.8313.8313.8313.8

95.8171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3

318.269.1318.2318.2318.2318.2318.2318.2318.2

29.6238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8

319.562.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5

17.9507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4

223.7136.1223.7223.7223.7223.7223.7223.7223.7

359.8359.8246.2359.8359.8359.8359.8359.8359.8

27.8586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3

59.9726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6

10.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1

81.8247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1

236.9175.5236.9236.9236.9236.9236.9236.9236.9

591.5591.5270.3591.5591.5591.5591.5591.5591.5

16.5444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8

41.541.141.141.141.141.141.141.141.1

96.161.261.261.261.261.261.261.261.2

163.16565656565656565

228.1236.1228.1228.1228.1228.1228.1228.1228.1

90.663.163.163.163.163.163.163.163.1

45340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2

122475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2

212.872.7212.8212.8212.8212.8212.8212.8212.8

120.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2

185.4246.5185.4185.4185.4185.4185.4185.4185.4

78136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3

6.2231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3

406.2406.2382.6406.2406.2406.2406.2406.2406.2

33.7788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9

31.4800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7

556.3200556.3556.3556.3556.3556.3556.3556.3

104.1391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5

96.2359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1

134.6256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7

265.1127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9

86.5400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4

140.992.292.292.292.292.292.292.292.2

26.8363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6

78.464.664.664.664.664.664.664.664.6

229.9288.1229.9229.9229.9229.9229.9229.9229.9

116.2249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6

365.8208.8365.8365.8365.8365.8365.8365.8365.8

141.6205.9141.6141.6141.6141.6141.6141.6141.6

347.5347.5213.8347.5347.5347.5347.5347.5347.5

561.3561.3232.6561.3561.3561.3561.3561.3561.3

0714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2

41.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9

136.5123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9

67.6294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7

172.1371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5

69.8547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3

91.9

67.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3

081.681.681.681.681.681.681.681.6

68.785.485.485.485.485.485.485.485.4

76.8139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4

110.5168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7

52.6279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2

331331118.5331331331331331331

71.5448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9

45.862.962.962.962.962.962.962.962.9

61135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2

56.3238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7

4.3292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4

145.9284.8145.9145.9145.9145.9145.9145.9145.9

62.3102102102102102102102102

68.381.481.481.481.481.481.481.481.4

69.2166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3

36.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8

113.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6

44.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8

129.332.332.332.332.332.332.332.332.3

209261261261261261261261261

26.1717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5

245.2124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1

31.6376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8

96.1105105105105105105105105

33.3148148148148148148148148

54.6128.554.654.654.654.654.654.654.6

59.97171717171717171

36.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8

55.9321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6

188.8188.8258.4188.8188.8188.8188.8188.8188.8

456.9205.5456.9456.9456.9456.9456.9456.9456.9

22.1663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7

54.3125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2

114.989.989.989.989.989.989.989.989.9

204.2207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6

375.6375.6334.2375.6375.6375.6375.6375.6375.6

47.6669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9

73.8199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1

4.7158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6

157.281.4157.2157.2157.2157.2157.2157.2157.2

4.1109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2

197.498.6197.4197.4197.4197.4197.4197.4197.4

37.1172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7

57.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7

90.66666666666666666

51.6222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3

76.676.6346.776.676.676.676.676.676.6

0300200225000

20010060100200200200

80010060100800800800

000020000

150150150150100150150

800800800800100800800

00000330300

6060606060260240

180180180180180180120

12565

9540

8535

8035

Minor Incident

Severe Incident

Disastrous Incident

RED Warning

AMBER Warning

RED Warning from July 1983

Alternative C

Old RED

old Amber

landslide_data (2)

392.1392.1

531.3531.3

224.9224.9

357.4357.4

559.6559.6

391.6391.6

485485

202.7202.7

315.7315.7

249.9249.9

202202

253.7253.7

266.6266.6

303.8303.8

222.8222.8

324.7324.7

352352

304.9304.9

239.3239.3

266.3266.3

304.4304.4

363.2363.2

242.8242.8

364.5364.5

281.3281.3

338.4338.4

130.4130.4

313.8313.8

171.3171.3

318.2318.2

238.8238.8

319.5319.5

507.4507.4

223.7223.7

359.8359.8

586.3586.3

726.6726.6

365.1365.1

247.1247.1

236.9236.9

591.5591.5

444.8444.8

41.141.1

61.261.2

6565

228.1228.1

63.163.1

340.2340.2

475.2475.2

212.8212.8

283.2283.2

185.4185.4

136.3136.3

231.3231.3

406.2406.2

788.9788.9

800.7800.7

556.3556.3

391.5391.5

359.1359.1

256.7256.7

127.9127.9

400.4400.4

92.292.2

363.6363.6

64.664.6

229.9229.9

249.6249.6

365.8365.8

141.6141.6

347.5347.5

561.3561.3

714.2714.2

443.9443.9

123.9123.9

294.7294.7

371.5371.5

547.3547.3

207.3207.3

81.681.6

85.485.4

139.4139.4

168.7168.7

279.2279.2

331331

448.9448.9

62.962.9

135.2135.2

238.7238.7

292.4292.4

145.9145.9

102102

81.481.4

166.3166.3

112.8112.8

149.6149.6

138.8138.8

32.332.3

261261

717.5717.5

124.1124.1

376.8376.8

105105

148148

54.654.6

7171

180.8180.8

321.6321.6

188.8188.8

456.9456.9

663.7663.7

125.2125.2

89.989.9

207.6207.6

375.6375.6

669.9669.9

199.1199.1

158.6158.6

157.2157.2

109.2109.2

197.4197.4

172.7172.7

254.7254.7

6666

222.3222.3

76.676.6

00

200200

800800

00

150150

800800

330300

260240

180120

12565

9540

8535

8035

Old RED

RED Warning

old Amber

AMBER Warning

Antecedent 15 day Rainfall (mm)

Rainfall on Landslide Incident Day (mm)

Warning Levels used 1977 - 1979

Sheet3

392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1

531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3

224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9

357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4

559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6

391.6391.6391.6391.6391.6

485485485485485

202.7202.7202.7202.7202.7

315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7

249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9

202202202202202

253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7

266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6

303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8

222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8

324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7

352352352352352

304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9

239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3

266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3

304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4

363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2

242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8

364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5

281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3

338.4338.4338.4338.4338.4

130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4

313.8313.8313.8313.8313.8

171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3

318.2318.2318.2318.2318.2

238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8

319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5

507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4

223.7223.7223.7223.7223.7

359.8359.8359.8359.8359.8

586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3

726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6

365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1

247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1

236.9236.9236.9236.9236.9

591.5591.5591.5591.5591.5

444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8

41.141.141.141.141.1

61.261.261.261.261.2

6565656565

228.1228.1228.1228.1228.1

63.163.163.163.163.1

340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2

475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2

212.8212.8212.8212.8212.8

283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2

185.4185.4185.4185.4185.4

136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3

231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3

406.2406.2406.2406.2406.2

788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9

800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7

556.3556.3556.3556.3556.3

391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5

359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1

256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7

127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9

400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4

92.292.292.292.292.2

363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6

64.664.664.664.664.6

229.9229.9229.9229.9229.9

249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6

365.8365.8365.8365.8365.8

141.6141.6141.6141.6141.6

347.5347.5347.5347.5347.5

561.3561.3561.3561.3561.3

714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2

443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9

123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9

294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7

371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5

547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3

207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3

81.681.681.681.681.6

85.485.485.485.485.4

139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4

168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7

279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2

331331331331331

448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9

62.962.962.962.962.9

135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2

238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7

292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4

145.9145.9145.9145.9145.9

102102102102102

81.481.481.481.481.4

166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3

112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8

149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6

138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8

32.332.332.332.332.3

261261261261261

717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5

124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1

376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8

105105105105105

148148148148148

54.654.654.654.654.6

7171717171

180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8

321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6

188.8188.8188.8188.8188.8

456.9456.9456.9456.9456.9

663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7

125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2

89.989.989.989.989.9

207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6

375.6375.6375.6375.6375.6

669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9

199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1

158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6

157.2157.2157.2157.2157.2

109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2

197.4197.4197.4197.4197.4

172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7

254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7

6666666666

222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3

76.676.676.676.676.6

30020022500

10060100200200

10060100800800

00000

150150150150150

800800800800800

000330300

606060260240

180180180180120

12565

9540

8535

8035

RED Warning

AMBER Warning

RED Warning from July 1983

Old RED

old Amber

Antecedent 15 day Rainfall (mm)

Rainfall on Landslide Incident Day (mm)

Warning Levels 1980 - 1984

147.9392.1392.1392.1392.1

85.8531.3531.3531.3531.3

132.5224.9224.9224.9224.9

202.2357.4357.4357.4357.4

36.9559.6559.6559.6559.6

391.6391.6107.5391.6391.6

80.2485485485485

202.7113.4202.7202.7202.7

30.8315.7315.7315.7315.7

34.2249.9249.9249.9249.9

202230.1202202202

139.9253.7253.7253.7253.7

118.3266.6266.6266.6266.6

65.3303.8303.8303.8303.8

136.5222.8222.8222.8222.8

66324.7324.7324.7324.7

85352352352352

69.9304.9304.9304.9304.9

52239.3239.3239.3239.3

159.4266.3266.3266.3266.3

76.6304.4304.4304.4304.4

107.4363.2363.2363.2363.2

164.1242.8242.8242.8242.8

105.7364.5364.5364.5364.5

14.4281.3281.3281.3281.3

338.4135.5338.4338.4338.4

155.9130.4130.4130.4130.4

313.8141.2313.8313.8313.8

95.8171.3171.3171.3171.3

318.269.1318.2318.2318.2

29.6238.8238.8238.8238.8

319.562.5319.5319.5319.5

17.9507.4507.4507.4507.4

223.7136.1223.7223.7223.7

359.8359.8246.2359.8359.8

27.8586.3586.3586.3586.3

59.9726.6726.6726.6726.6

10.1365.1365.1365.1365.1

81.8247.1247.1247.1247.1

236.9175.5236.9236.9236.9

591.5591.5270.3591.5591.5

16.5444.8444.8444.8444.8

41.541.141.141.141.1

96.161.261.261.261.2

163.165656565

228.1236.1228.1228.1228.1

90.663.163.163.163.1

45340.2340.2340.2340.2

122475.2475.2475.2475.2

212.872.7212.8212.8212.8

120.2283.2283.2283.2283.2

185.4246.5185.4185.4185.4

78136.3136.3136.3136.3

6.2231.3231.3231.3231.3

406.2406.2382.6406.2406.2

33.7788.9788.9788.9788.9

31.4800.7800.7800.7800.7

556.3200556.3556.3556.3

104.1391.5391.5391.5391.5

96.2359.1359.1359.1359.1

134.6256.7256.7256.7256.7

265.1127.9127.9127.9127.9

86.5400.4400.4400.4400.4

140.992.292.292.292.2

26.8363.6363.6363.6363.6

78.464.664.664.664.6

229.9288.1229.9229.9229.9

116.2249.6249.6249.6249.6

365.8208.8365.8365.8365.8

141.6205.9141.6141.6141.6

347.5347.5213.8347.5347.5

561.3561.3232.6561.3561.3

0714.2714.2714.2714.2

41.9443.9443.9443.9443.9

136.5123.9123.9123.9123.9

67.6294.7294.7294.7294.7

172.1371.5371.5371.5371.5

69.8547.3547.3547.3547.3

91.9

67.3207.3207.3207.3207.3

081.681.681.681.6

68.785.485.485.485.4

76.8139.4139.4139.4139.4

110.5168.7168.7168.7168.7

52.6279.2279.2279.2279.2

331331118.5331331

71.5448.9448.9448.9448.9

45.862.962.962.962.9

61135.2135.2135.2135.2

56.3238.7238.7238.7238.7

4.3292.4292.4292.4292.4

145.9284.8145.9145.9145.9

62.3102102102102

68.381.481.481.481.4

69.2166.3166.3166.3166.3

36.8112.8112.8112.8112.8

113.6149.6149.6149.6149.6

44.8138.8138.8138.8138.8

129.332.332.332.332.3

209261261261261

26.1717.5717.5717.5717.5

245.2124.1124.1124.1124.1

31.6376.8376.8376.8376.8

96.1105105105105

33.3148148148148

54.6128.554.654.654.6

59.971717171

36.8180.8180.8180.8180.8

55.9321.6321.6321.6321.6

188.8188.8258.4188.8188.8

456.9205.5456.9456.9456.9

22.1663.7663.7663.7663.7

54.3125.2125.2125.2125.2

114.989.989.989.989.9

204.2207.6207.6207.6207.6

375.6375.6334.2375.6375.6

47.6669.9669.9669.9669.9

73.8199.1199.1199.1199.1

4.7158.6158.6158.6158.6

157.281.4157.2157.2157.2

4.1109.2109.2109.2109.2

197.498.6197.4197.4197.4

37.1172.7172.7172.7172.7

57.7254.7254.7254.7254.7

90.666666666

51.6222.3222.3222.3222.3

76.676.6346.776.676.6

02250

200100200

800100800

000

150150150

800800800

00300

6060240

180180120

65

40

35

35

Minor Incident

Severe Incident

Disastrous Incident

RED Warning from July 1983

old Amber

Antecedent 15 day Rainfall (mm)

Rainfall on Day of Incident (mm)

392.1392.1392.1392.1

531.3531.3531.3531.3

224.9224.9224.9224.9

357.4357.4357.4357.4

559.6559.6559.6559.6

391.6391.6391.6391.6

485485485485

202.7202.7202.7202.7

315.7315.7315.7315.7

249.9249.9249.9249.9

202202202202

253.7253.7253.7253.7

266.6266.6266.6266.6

303.8303.8303.8303.8

222.8222.8222.8222.8

324.7324.7324.7324.7

352352352352

304.9304.9304.9304.9

239.3239.3239.3239.3

266.3266.3266.3266.3

304.4304.4304.4304.4

363.2363.2363.2363.2

242.8242.8242.8242.8

364.5364.5364.5364.5

281.3281.3281.3281.3

338.4338.4338.4338.4

130.4130.4130.4130.4

313.8313.8313.8313.8

171.3171.3171.3171.3

318.2318.2318.2318.2

238.8238.8238.8238.8

319.5319.5319.5319.5

507.4507.4507.4507.4

223.7223.7223.7223.7

359.8359.8359.8359.8

586.3586.3586.3586.3

726.6726.6726.6726.6

365.1365.1365.1365.1

247.1247.1247.1247.1

236.9236.9236.9236.9

591.5591.5591.5591.5

444.8444.8444.8444.8

41.141.141.141.1

61.261.261.261.2

65656565

228.1228.1228.1228.1

63.163.163.163.1

340.2340.2340.2340.2

475.2475.2475.2475.2

212.8212.8212.8212.8

283.2283.2283.2283.2

185.4185.4185.4185.4

136.3136.3136.3136.3

231.3231.3231.3231.3

406.2406.2406.2406.2

788.9788.9788.9788.9

800.7800.7800.7800.7

556.3556.3556.3556.3

391.5391.5391.5391.5

359.1359.1359.1359.1

256.7256.7256.7256.7

127.9127.9127.9127.9

400.4400.4400.4400.4

92.292.292.292.2

363.6363.6363.6363.6

64.664.664.664.6

229.9229.9229.9229.9

249.6249.6249.6249.6

365.8365.8365.8365.8

141.6141.6141.6141.6

347.5347.5347.5347.5

561.3561.3561.3561.3

714.2714.2714.2714.2

443.9443.9443.9443.9

123.9123.9123.9123.9

294.7294.7294.7294.7

371.5371.5371.5371.5

547.3547.3547.3547.3

207.3207.3207.3207.3

81.681.681.681.6

85.485.485.485.4

139.4139.4139.4139.4

168.7168.7168.7168.7

279.2279.2279.2279.2

331331331331

448.9448.9448.9448.9

62.962.962.962.9

135.2135.2135.2135.2

238.7238.7238.7238.7

292.4292.4292.4292.4

145.9145.9145.9145.9

102102102102

81.481.481.481.4

166.3166.3166.3166.3

112.8112.8112.8112.8

149.6149.6149.6149.6

138.8138.8138.8138.8

32.332.332.332.3

261261261261

717.5717.5717.5717.5

124.1124.1124.1124.1

376.8376.8376.8376.8

105105105105

148148148148

54.654.654.654.6

71717171

180.8180.8180.8180.8

321.6321.6321.6321.6

188.8188.8188.8188.8

456.9456.9456.9456.9

663.7663.7663.7663.7

125.2125.2125.2125.2

89.989.989.989.9

207.6207.6207.6207.6

375.6375.6375.6375.6

669.9669.9669.9669.9

199.1199.1199.1199.1

158.6158.6158.6158.6

157.2157.2157.2157.2

109.2109.2109.2109.2

197.4197.4197.4197.4

172.7172.7172.7172.7

254.7254.7254.7254.7

66666666

222.3222.3222.3222.3

76.676.676.676.6

30022500

100100200200

100100800800

002000

150150100150

800800100800

000300

606060240

180180180120

65

40

35

35

A

B

C

RED Warning

RED Warning from July 1983

Alternative C

old Amber

Antecedent 15 Day Rainfall (mm)

Rainfall on day of Event (mm)

147.9392.1392.1392.1

85.8531.3531.3531.3

132.5224.9224.9224.9

202.2357.4357.4357.4

36.9559.6559.6559.6

391.6391.6107.5391.6

80.2485485485

202.7113.4202.7202.7

30.8315.7315.7315.7

34.2249.9249.9249.9

202230.1202202

139.9253.7253.7253.7

118.3266.6266.6266.6

65.3303.8303.8303.8

136.5222.8222.8222.8

66324.7324.7324.7

85352352352

69.9304.9304.9304.9

52239.3239.3239.3

159.4266.3266.3266.3

76.6304.4304.4304.4

107.4363.2363.2363.2

164.1242.8242.8242.8

105.7364.5364.5364.5

14.4281.3281.3281.3

338.4135.5338.4338.4

155.9130.4130.4130.4

313.8141.2313.8313.8

95.8171.3171.3171.3

318.269.1318.2318.2

29.6238.8238.8238.8

319.562.5319.5319.5

17.9507.4507.4507.4

223.7136.1223.7223.7

359.8359.8246.2359.8

27.8586.3586.3586.3

59.9726.6726.6726.6

10.1365.1365.1365.1

81.8247.1247.1247.1

236.9175.5236.9236.9

591.5591.5270.3591.5

16.5444.8444.8444.8

41.541.141.141.1

96.161.261.261.2

163.1656565

228.1236.1228.1228.1

90.663.163.163.1

45340.2340.2340.2

122475.2475.2475.2

212.872.7212.8212.8

120.2283.2283.2283.2

185.4246.5185.4185.4

78136.3136.3136.3

6.2231.3231.3231.3

406.2406.2382.6406.2

33.7788.9788.9788.9

31.4800.7800.7800.7

556.3200556.3556.3

104.1391.5391.5391.5

96.2359.1359.1359.1

134.6256.7256.7256.7

265.1127.9127.9127.9

86.5400.4400.4400.4

140.992.292.292.2

26.8363.6363.6363.6

78.464.664.664.6

229.9288.1229.9229.9

116.2249.6249.6249.6

365.8208.8365.8365.8

141.6205.9141.6141.6

347.5347.5213.8347.5

561.3561.3232.6561.3

0714.2714.2714.2

41.9443.9443.9443.9

136.5123.9123.9123.9

67.6294.7294.7294.7

172.1371.5371.5371.5

69.8547.3547.3547.3

91.9

67.3207.3207.3207.3

081.681.681.6

68.785.485.485.4

76.8139.4139.4139.4

110.5168.7168.7168.7

52.6279.2279.2279.2

331331118.5331

71.5448.9448.9448.9

45.862.962.962.9

61135.2135.2135.2

56.3238.7238.7238.7

4.3292.4292.4292.4

145.9284.8145.9145.9

62.3102102102

68.381.481.481.4

69.2166.3166.3166.3

36.8112.8112.8112.8

113.6149.6149.6149.6

44.8138.8138.8138.8

129.332.332.332.3

209261261261

26.1717.5717.5717.5

245.2124.1124.1124.1

31.6376.8376.8376.8

96.1105105105

33.3148148148

54.6128.554.654.6

59.9717171

36.8180.8180.8180.8

55.9321.6321.6321.6

188.8188.8258.4188.8

456.9205.5456.9456.9

22.1663.7663.7663.7

54.3125.2125.2125.2

114.989.989.989.9

204.2207.6207.6207.6

375.6375.6334.2375.6

47.6669.9669.9669.9

73.8199.1199.1199.1

4.7158.6158.6158.6

157.281.4157.2157.2

4.1109.2109.2109.2

197.498.6197.4197.4

37.1172.7172.7172.7

57.7254.7254.7254.7

90.6666666

51.6222.3222.3222.3

76.676.6346.776.6

00

200200

800800

00

150150

800800

0300

60240

180120

65

40

35

35

Minor Incident

Severe Incident

Disastrous Incident

old Amber

Antecedent 15 day Rainfall (mm)

Rainfall on Day of Incident (mm)

Record of Landslide Incidents in Hong Kong1930 - 1982

Incident No.DateCategoryRainfall on day (mm)Antecedent Rainfall (mm)Minor IncidentSevere IncidentDisastrous IncidentRED WarningAMBER WarningRED Warning from July 1983Alternative COld REDold Amber

17/24/30M147.9392.1147.9

27/25/30M85.8531.385.8

39/16/30M132.5224.9132.5

49/17/30M202.2357.4202.2

59/18/30M36.9559.636.9

67/30/32D107.5391.6107.5

77/31/32M80.248580.2

88/28/32S113.4202.7113.4

98/29/32M30.8315.730.8

106/30/33M34.2249.934.2

116/22/34S230.1202230.1

127/29/34M139.9253.7139.9

138/18/34M118.3266.6118.3

148/19/34M65.3303.865.3

158/2/36M136.5222.8136.5

168/4/36M66324.766

178/17/36M8535285

187/5/37M69.9304.969.9

198/22/37M52239.352

206/7/47M159.4266.3159.4

216/12/48M76.6304.476.6

227/28/48M107.4363.2107.4

236/25/49M164.1242.8164.1

246/26/49M105.7364.5105.7

255/14/51M14.4281.314.4

266/7/51S135.5338.4135.5

276/13/52M155.9130.4155.9

289/14/52S141.2313.8141.2

299/19/53M95.8171.395.8

305/11/55S69.1318.269.1

317/11/55M29.6238.829.6

327/18/55S62.5319.562.5

337/23/55M17.9507.417.9

345/21/57S136.1223.7136.1

355/22/57D246.2359.8246.2

365/25/57M27.8586.327.8

375/29/57M59.9726.659.9

387/18/57M10.1365.110.1

397/26/58M81.8247.181.8

406/13/59S175.5236.9175.5

416/15/59D270.3591.5270.3

428/10/59M16.5444.816.5

435/6/60M41.541.141.5

445/14/60M96.161.296.1

456/8/60M163.165163.1

466/9/60S236.1228.1236.1

473/19/61M90.663.190.6

489/4/61M45340.245

499/10/61M122475.2122

508/16/64S72.7212.872.7

519/11/64M120.2283.2120.2

5210/13/64S246.5185.4246.5

535/11/65M78136.378

549/29/65M6.2231.36.2

556/15/66D382.6406.2382.6

566/13/66M33.7788.933.7

576/15/66M31.4800.731.4

586/13/68S200556.3200

596/19/68M104.1391.5104.1

607/4/68M96.2359.196.2

616/5/69M134.6256.7134.6

625/13/70M265.1127.9265.1

635/26/70M86.5400.486.5

648/3/70M140.992.2140.9

659/10/70M26.8363.626.8

666/7/71M78.464.678.4

678/17/71S288.1229.9288.1

685/10/72M116.2249.6116.2

695/11/72S208.8365.8208.8

706/16/72S205.9141.6205.9

716/17/72D213.8347.5213.8

726/18/72D232.6561.3232.6

736/21/72M0714.20

748/21/72M41.9443.941.9

755/6/73M136.5123.9136.5

767/9/73M67.6294.767.6

777/17/73M172.1371.5172.1

789/2/73M69.8547.369.8

796/23/77M91.991.9

809/6/77M67.3207.367.3

814/12/78M081.60

824/16/78M68.785.468.7

835/18/78M76.8139.476.8

847/27/78M110.5168.7110.5

857/28/78M52.6279.252.6

867/29/78D118.5331118.5

877/30/78M71.5448.971.5

888/27/78M45.862.945.8

899/26/78M61135.261

9010/1/78M56.3238.756.3

9110/2/78M4.3292.44.3

9210/17/78S284.8145.9284.8

934/3/79M62.310262.3

945/13/79M68.381.468.3

955/15/79M69.2166.369.2

966/10/79m36.8112.836.8

976/11/79M113.6149.6113.6

987/1/79M44.8138.844.8

997/30/79M129.332.3129.3

1008/2/79M209261209

1018/11/79M26.1717.526.1

1029/23/79M245.2124.1245.2

1039/25/79M31.6376.831.6

1045/11/81M96.110596.1

1056/5/81M33.314833.3

1069/29/81S128.554.6128.5

1074/23/82M59.97159.9

1084/27/82M36.8180.836.8

1095/7/82M55.9321.655.9

1105/29/82D258.4188.8258.4

1115/31/82S205.5456.9205.5

1126/2/82M22.1663.722.1

1137/3/82M54.3125.254.3

1148/1/82M114.989.9114.9

1158/3/82M204.2207.6204.2

1168/16/82D334.2375.6334.2

1178/18/82M47.6669.947.6

1189/16/82M73.8199.173.8

1192/21/83M4.7158.64.7

1203/2/83S81.4157.281.4

1213/17/83M4.1109.24.1

1223/27/83S98.6197.498.6

1234/5/83M37.1172.737.1

1244/8/83M57.7254.757.7

1255/15/83M90.66690.6

1265/27/83M51.6222.351.6

1276/17/83D346.776.6346.7

0300200225

20010060100

80010060100

0200

150100

800100

0330300

60260240

180180120

32512565

5009540

7008535

8008035

DISASTER

SEVERE

MINOR

ISOLATED

147.9392.1392.1392.1392.1

85.8531.3531.3531.3531.3

132.5224.9224.9224.9224.9

202.2357.4357.4357.4357.4

36.9559.6559.6559.6559.6

391.6391.6107.5391.6391.6

80.2485485485485

202.7113.4202.7202.7202.7

30.8315.7315.7315.7315.7

34.2249.9249.9249.9249.9

202230.1202202202

139.9253.7253.7253.7253.7

118.3266.6266.6266.6266.6

65.3303.8303.8303.8303.8

136.5222.8222.8222.8222.8

66324.7324.7324.7324.7

85352352352352

69.9304.9304.9304.9304.9

52239.3239.3239.3239.3

159.4266.3266.3266.3266.3

76.6304.4304.4304.4304.4

107.4363.2363.2363.2363.2

164.1242.8242.8242.8242.8

105.7364.5364.5364.5364.5

14.4281.3281.3281.3281.3

338.4135.5338.4338.4338.4

155.9130.4130.4130.4130.4

313.8141.2313.8313.8313.8

95.8171.3171.3171.3171.3

318.269.1318.2318.2318.2

29.6238.8238.8238.8238.8

319.562.5319.5319.5319.5

17.9507.4507.4507.4507.4

223.7136.1223.7223.7223.7

359.8359.8246.2359.8359.8

27.8586.3586.3586.3586.3

59.9726.6726.6726.6726.6

10.1365.1365.1365.1365.1

81.8247.1247.1247.1247.1

236.9175.5236.9236.9236.9

591.5591.5270.3591.5591.5

16.5444.8444.8444.8444.8

41.541.141.141.141.1

96.161.261.261.261.2

163.165656565

228.1236.1228.1228.1228.1

90.663.163.163.163.1

45340.2340.2340.2340.2

122475.2475.2475.2475.2

212.872.7212.8212.8212.8

120.2283.2283.2283.2283.2

185.4246.5185.4185.4185.4

78136.3136.3136.3136.3

6.2231.3231.3231.3231.3

406.2406.2382.6406.2406.2

33.7788.9788.9788.9788.9

31.4800.7800.7800.7800.7

556.3200556.3556.3556.3

104.1391.5391.5391.5391.5

96.2359.1359.1359.1359.1

134.6256.7256.7256.7256.7

265.1127.9127.9127.9127.9

86.5400.4400.4400.4400.4

140.992.292.292.292.2

26.8363.6363.6363.6363.6

78.464.664.664.664.6

229.9288.1229.9229.9229.9

116.2249.6249.6249.6249.6

365.8208.8365.8365.8365.8

141.6205.9141.6141.6141.6

347.5347.5213.8347.5347.5

561.3561.3232.6561.3561.3

0714.2714.2714.2714.2

41.9443.9443.9443.9443.9

136.5123.9123.9123.9123.9

67.6294.7294.7294.7294.7

172.1371.5371.5371.5371.5

69.8547.3547.3547.3547.3

91.9

67.3207.3207.3207.3207.3

081.681.681.681.6

68.785.485.485.485.4

76.8139.4139.4139.4139.4

110.5168.7168.7168.7168.7

52.6279.2279.2279.2279.2

331331118.5331331

71.5448.9448.9448.9448.9

45.862.962.962.962.9

61135.2135.2135.2135.2

56.3238.7238.7238.7238.7

4.3292.4292.4292.4292.4

145.9284.8145.9145.9145.9

62.3102102102102

68.381.481.481.481.4

69.2166.3166.3166.3166.3

36.8112.8112.8112.8112.8

113.6149.6149.6149.6149.6

44.8138.8138.8138.8138.8

129.332.332.332.332.3

209261261261261

26.1717.5717.5717.5717.5

245.2124.1124.1124.1124.1

31.6376.8376.8376.8376.8

96.1105105105105

33.3148148148148

54.6128.554.654.654.6

59.971717171

36.8180.8180.8180.8180.8

55.9321.6321.6321.6321.6

188.8188.8258.4188.8188.8

456.9205.5456.9456.9456.9

22.1663.7663.7663.7663.7

54.3125.2125.2125.2125.2

114.989.989.989.989.9

204.2207.6207.6207.6207.6

375.6375.6334.2375.6375.6

47.6669.9669.9669.9669.9

73.8199.1199.1199.1199.1

4.7158.6158.6158.6158.6

157.281.4157.2157.2157.2

4.1109.2109.2109.2109.2

197.498.6197.4197.4197.4

37.1172.7172.7172.7172.7

57.7254.7254.7254.7254.7

90.666666666

51.6222.3222.3222.3222.3

76.676.6346.776.676.6

000

200200200

800800800

000

150150150

800800800

0330300

60260240

180180120

12565

9540

8535

8035

Minor Incident

Severe Incident

Disastrous Incident

Old RED

RED Warning (1977 - 1979)

old Amber

Amber Warning (1977 - 1979)

Antecedent Rainfall (mm)

Rainfall on Day (mm)

392.1392.1

531.3531.3

224.9224.9

357.4357.4

559.6559.6

391.6391.6

485485

202.7202.7

315.7315.7

249.9249.9

202202

253.7253.7

266.6266.6

303.8303.8

222.8222.8

324.7324.7

352352

304.9304.9

239.3239.3

266.3266.3

304.4304.4

363.2363.2

242.8242.8

364.5364.5

281.3281.3

338.4338.4

130.4130.4

313.8313.8

171.3171.3

318.2318.2

238.8238.8

319.5319.5

507.4507.4

223.7223.7

359.8359.8

586.3586.3

726.6726.6

365.1365.1

247.1247.1

236.9236.9

591.5591.5

444.8444.8

41.141.1

61.261.2

6565

228.1228.1

63.163.1

340.2340.2

475.2475.2

212.8212.8

283.2283.2

185.4185.4

136.3136.3

231.3231.3

406.2406.2

788.9788.9

800.7800.7

556.3556.3

391.5391.5

359.1359.1

256.7256.7

127.9127.9

400.4400.4

92.292.2

363.6363.6

64.664.6

229.9229.9

249.6249.6

365.8365.8

141.6141.6

347.5347.5

561.3561.3

714.2714.2

443.9443.9

123.9123.9

294.7294.7

371.5371.5

547.3547.3

207.3207.3

81.681.6

85.485.4

139.4139.4

168.7168.7

279.2279.2

331331

448.9448.9

62.962.9

135.2135.2

238.7238.7

292.4292.4

145.9145.9

102102

81.481.4

166.3166.3

112.8112.8

149.6149.6

138.8138.8

32.332.3

261261

717.5717.5

124.1124.1

376.8376.8

105105

148148

54.654.6

7171

180.8180.8

321.6321.6

188.8188.8

456.9456.9

663.7663.7

125.2125.2

89.989.9

207.6207.6

375.6375.6

669.9669.9

199.1199.1

158.6158.6

157.2157.2

109.2109.2

197.4197.4

172.7172.7

254.7254.7

6666

222.3222.3

76.676.6

00

200200

800800

00

150150

800800

330300

260240

180120

12565

9540

8535

8035

Old RED

RED Warning

old Amber

AMBER Warning

Antecedent 15 day Rainfall (mm)

Rainfall on Landslide Incident Day (mm)

Warning Levels used 1977 - 1979

392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1

531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3

224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9

357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4

559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6

391.6391.6391.6391.6391.6

485485485485485

202.7202.7202.7202.7202.7

315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7

249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9

202202202202202

253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7

266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6

303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8

222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8

324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7

352352352352352

304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9

239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3

266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3

304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4

363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2

242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8

364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5

281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3

338.4338.4338.4338.4338.4

130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4

313.8313.8313.8313.8313.8

171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3

318.2318.2318.2318.2318.2

238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8

319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5

507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4

223.7223.7223.7223.7223.7

359.8359.8359.8359.8359.8

586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3

726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6

365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1

247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1

236.9236.9236.9236.9236.9

591.5591.5591.5591.5591.5

444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8

41.141.141.141.141.1

61.261.261.261.261.2

6565656565

228.1228.1228.1228.1228.1

63.163.163.163.163.1

340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2

475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2

212.8212.8212.8212.8212.8

283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2

185.4185.4185.4185.4185.4

136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3

231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3

406.2406.2406.2406.2406.2

788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9

800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7

556.3556.3556.3556.3556.3

391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5

359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1

256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7

127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9

400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4

92.292.292.292.292.2

363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6

64.664.664.664.664.6

229.9229.9229.9229.9229.9

249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6

365.8365.8365.8365.8365.8

141.6141.6141.6141.6141.6

347.5347.5347.5347.5347.5

561.3561.3561.3561.3561.3

714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2

443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9

123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9

294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7

371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5

547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3

207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3

81.681.681.681.681.6

85.485.485.485.485.4

139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4

168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7

279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2

331331331331331

448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9

62.962.962.962.962.9

135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2

238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7

292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4

145.9145.9145.9145.9145.9

102102102102102

81.481.481.481.481.4

166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3

112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8

149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6

138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8

32.332.332.332.332.3

261261261261261

717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5

124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1

376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8

105105105105105

148148148148148

54.654.654.654.654.6

7171717171

180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8

321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6

188.8188.8188.8188.8188.8

456.9456.9456.9456.9456.9

663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7

125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2

89.989.989.989.989.9

207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6

375.6375.6375.6375.6375.6

669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9

199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1

158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6

157.2157.2157.2157.2157.2

109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2

197.4197.4197.4197.4197.4

172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7

254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7

6666666666

222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3

76.676.676.676.676.6

30020022500

10060100200200

10060100800800

00000

150150150150150

800800800800800

000330300

606060260240

180180180180120

12565

9540

8535

8035

RED Warning

AMBER Warning

RED Warning from July 1983

Old RED

old Amber

Antecedent 15 day Rainfall (mm)

Rainfall on Landslide Incident Day (mm)

Warning Levels 1980 - 1984

147.9392.1392.1392.1392.1

85.8531.3531.3531.3531.3

132.5224.9224.9224.9224.9

202.2357.4357.4357.4357.4

36.9559.6559.6559.6559.6

391.6391.6107.5391.6391.6

80.2485485485485

202.7113.4202.7202.7202.7

30.8315.7315.7315.7315.7

34.2249.9249.9249.9249.9

202230.1202202202

139.9253.7253.7253.7253.7

118.3266.6266.6266.6266.6

65.3303.8303.8303.8303.8

136.5222.8222.8222.8222.8

66324.7324.7324.7324.7

85352352352352

69.9304.9304.9304.9304.9

52239.3239.3239.3239.3

159.4266.3266.3266.3266.3

76.6304.4304.4304.4304.4

107.4363.2363.2363.2363.2

164.1242.8242.8242.8242.8

105.7364.5364.5364.5364.5

14.4281.3281.3281.3281.3

338.4135.5338.4338.4338.4

155.9130.4130.4130.4130.4

313.8141.2313.8313.8313.8

95.8171.3171.3171.3171.3

318.269.1318.2318.2318.2

29.6238.8238.8238.8238.8

319.562.5319.5319.5319.5

17.9507.4507.4507.4507.4

223.7136.1223.7223.7223.7

359.8359.8246.2359.8359.8

27.8586.3586.3586.3586.3

59.9726.6726.6726.6726.6

10.1365.1365.1365.1365.1

81.8247.1247.1247.1247.1

236.9175.5236.9236.9236.9

591.5591.5270.3591.5591.5

16.5444.8444.8444.8444.8

41.541.141.141.141.1

96.161.261.261.261.2

163.165656565

228.1236.1228.1228.1228.1

90.663.163.163.163.1

45340.2340.2340.2340.2

122475.2475.2475.2475.2

212.872.7212.8212.8212.8

120.2283.2283.2283.2283.2

185.4246.5185.4185.4185.4

78136.3136.3136.3136.3

6.2231.3231.3231.3231.3

406.2406.2382.6406.2406.2

33.7788.9788.9788.9788.9

31.4800.7800.7800.7800.7

556.3200556.3556.3556.3

104.1391.5391.5391.5391.5

96.2359.1359.1359.1359.1

134.6256.7256.7256.7256.7

265.1127.9127.9127.9127.9

86.5400.4400.4400.4400.4

140.992.292.292.292.2

26.8363.6363.6363.6363.6

78.464.664.664.664.6

229.9288.1229.9229.9229.9

116.2249.6249.6249.6249.6

365.8208.8365.8365.8365.8

141.6205.9141.6141.6141.6

347.5347.5213.8347.5347.5

561.3561.3232.6561.3561.3

0714.2714.2714.2714.2

41.9443.9443.9443.9443.9

136.5123.9123.9123.9123.9

67.6294.7294.7294.7294.7

172.1371.5371.5371.5371.5

69.8547.3547.3547.3547.3

91.9

67.3207.3207.3207.3207.3

081.681.681.681.6

68.785.485.485.485.4

76.8139.4139.4139.4139.4

110.5168.7168.7168.7168.7

52.6279.2279.2279.2279.2

331331118.5331331

71.5448.9448.9448.9448.9

45.862.962.962.962.9

61135.2135.2135.2135.2

56.3238.7238.7238.7238.7

4.3292.4292.4292.4292.4

145.9284.8145.9145.9145.9

62.3102102102102

68.381.481.481.481.4

69.2166.3166.3166.3166.3

36.8112.8112.8112.8112.8

113.6149.6149.6149.6149.6

44.8138.8138.8138.8138.8

129.332.332.332.332.3

209261261261261

26.1717.5717.5717.5717.5

245.2124.1124.1124.1124.1

31.6376.8376.8376.8376.8

96.1105105105105

33.3148148148148

54.6128.554.654.654.6

59.971717171

36.8180.8180.8180.8180.8

55.9321.6321.6321.6321.6

188.8188.8258.4188.8188.8

456.9205.5456.9456.9456.9

22.1663.7663.7663.7663.7

54.3125.2125.2125.2125.2

114.989.989.989.989.9

204.2207.6207.6207.6207.6

375.6375.6334.2375.6375.6

47.6669.9669.9669.9669.9

73.8199.1199.1199.1199.1

4.7158.6158.6158.6158.6

157.281.4157.2157.2157.2

4.1109.2109.2109.2109.2

197.498.6197.4197.4197.4

37.1172.7172.7172.7172.7

57.7254.7254.7254.7254.7

90.666666666

51.6222.3222.3222.3222.3

76.676.6346.776.676.6

02250

200100200

800100800

000

150150150

800800800

00300

6060240

180180120

65

40

35

35

Minor Incident

Severe Incident

Disastrous Incident

RED Warning from July 1983

old Amber

Antecedent 15 day Rainfall (mm)

Rainfall on Day of Incident (mm)

392.1392.1392.1392.1

531.3531.3531.3531.3

224.9224.9224.9224.9

357.4357.4357.4357.4

559.6559.6559.6559.6

391.6391.6391.6391.6

485485485485

202.7202.7202.7202.7

315.7315.7315.7315.7

249.9249.9249.9249.9

202202202202

253.7253.7253.7253.7

266.6266.6266.6266.6

303.8303.8303.8303.8

222.8222.8222.8222.8

324.7324.7324.7324.7

352352352352

304.9304.9304.9304.9

239.3239.3239.3239.3

266.3266.3266.3266.3

304.4304.4304.4304.4

363.2363.2363.2363.2

242.8242.8242.8242.8

364.5364.5364.5364.5

281.3281.3281.3281.3

338.4338.4338.4338.4

130.4130.4130.4130.4

313.8313.8313.8313.8

171.3171.3171.3171.3

318.2318.2318.2318.2

238.8238.8238.8238.8

319.5319.5319.5319.5

507.4507.4507.4507.4

223.7223.7223.7223.7

359.8359.8359.8359.8

586.3586.3586.3586.3

726.6726.6726.6726.6

365.1365.1365.1365.1

247.1247.1247.1247.1

236.9236.9236.9236.9

591.5591.5591.5591.5

444.8444.8444.8444.8

41.141.141.141.1

61.261.261.261.2

65656565

228.1228.1228.1228.1

63.163.163.163.1

340.2340.2340.2340.2

475.2475.2475.2475.2

212.8212.8212.8212.8

283.2283.2283.2283.2

185.4185.4185.4185.4

136.3136.3136.3136.3

231.3231.3231.3231.3

406.2406.2406.2406.2

788.9788.9788.9788.9

800.7800.7800.7800.7

556.3556.3556.3556.3

391.5391.5391.5391.5

359.1359.1359.1359.1

256.7256.7256.7256.7

127.9127.9127.9127.9

400.4400.4400.4400.4

92.292.292.292.2

363.6363.6363.6363.6

64.664.664.664.6

229.9229.9229.9229.9

249.6249.6249.6249.6

365.8365.8365.8365.8

141.6141.6141.6141.6

347.5347.5347.5347.5

561.3561.3561.3561.3

714.2714.2714.2714.2

443.9443.9443.9443.9

123.9123.9123.9123.9

294.7294.7294.7294.7

371.5371.5371.5371.5

547.3547.3547.3547.3

207.3207.3207.3207.3

81.681.681.681.6

85.485.485.485.4

139.4139.4139.4139.4

168.7168.7168.7168.7

279.2279.2279.2279.2

331331331331

448.9448.9448.9448.9

62.962.962.962.9

135.2135.2135.2135.2

238.7238.7238.7238.7

292.4292.4292.4292.4

145.9145.9145.9145.9

102102102102

81.481.481.481.4

166.3166.3166.3166.3

112.8112.8112.8112.8

149.6149.6149.6149.6

138.8138.8138.8138.8

32.332.332.332.3

261261261261

717.5717.5717.5717.5

124.1124.1124.1124.1

376.8376.8376.8376.8

105105105105

148148148148

54.654.654.654.6

71717171

180.8180.8180.8180.8

321.6321.6321.6321.6

188.8188.8188.8188.8

456.9456.9456.9456.9

663.7663.7663.7663.7

125.2125.2125.2125.2

89.989.989.989.9

207.6207.6207.6207.6

375.6375.6375.6375.6

669.9669.9669.9669.9

199.1199.1199.1199.1

158.6158.6158.6158.6

157.2157.2157.2157.2

109.2109.2109.2109.2

197.4197.4197.4197.4

172.7172.7172.7172.7

254.7254.7254.7254.7

66666666

222.3222.3222.3222.3

76.676.676.676.6

30022500

100100200200

100100800800

002000

150150100150

800800100800

000300

606060240

180180180120

65

40

35

35

A

B

C

RED Warning

RED Warning from July 1983

Alternative C

old Amber

Antecedent 15 Day Rainfall (mm)

Rainfall on day of Event (mm)

147.9392.1392.1392.1

85.8531.3531.3531.3

132.5224.9224.9224.9

202.2357.4357.4357.4

36.9559.6559.6559.6

391.6391.6107.5391.6

80.2485485485

202.7113.4202.7202.7

30.8315.7315.7315.7

34.2249.9249.9249.9

202230.1202202

139.9253.7253.7253.7

118.3266.6266.6266.6

65.3303.8303.8303.8

136.5222.8222.8222.8

66324.7324.7324.7

85352352352

69.9304.9304.9304.9

52239.3239.3239.3

159.4266.3266.3266.3

76.6304.4304.4304.4

107.4363.2363.2363.2

164.1242.8242.8242.8

105.7364.5364.5364.5

14.4281.3281.3281.3

338.4135.5338.4338.4

155.9130.4130.4130.4

313.8141.2313.8313.8

95.8171.3171.3171.3

318.269.1318.2318.2

29.6238.8238.8238.8

319.562.5319.5319.5

17.9507.4507.4507.4

223.7136.1223.7223.7

359.8359.8246.2359.8

27.8586.3586.3586.3

59.9726.6726.6726.6

10.1365.1365.1365.1

81.8247.1247.1247.1

236.9175.5236.9236.9

591.5591.5270.3591.5

16.5444.8444.8444.8

41.541.141.141.1

96.161.261.261.2

163.1656565

228.1236.1228.1228.1

90.663.163.163.1

45340.2340.2340.2

122475.2475.2475.2

212.872.7212.8212.8

120.2283.2283.2283.2

185.4246.5185.4185.4

78136.3136.3136.3

6.2231.3231.3231.3

406.2406.2382.6406.2

33.7788.9788.9788.9

31.4800.7800.7800.7

556.3200556.3556.3

104.1391.5391.5391.5

96.2359.1359.1359.1

134.6256.7256.7256.7

265.1127.9127.9127.9

86.5400.4400.4400.4

140.992.292.292.2

26.8363.6363.6363.6

78.464.664.664.6

229.9288.1229.9229.9

116.2249.6249.6249.6

365.8208.8365.8365.8

141.6205.9141.6141.6

347.5347.5213.8347.5

561.3561.3232.6561.3

0714.2714.2714.2

41.9443.9443.9443.9

136.5123.9123.9123.9

67.6294.7294.7294.7

172.1371.5371.5371.5

69.8547.3547.3547.3

91.9

67.3207.3207.3207.3

081.681.681.6

68.785.485.485.4

76.8139.4139.4139.4

110.5168.7168.7168.7

52.6279.2279.2279.2

331331118.5331

71.5448.9448.9448.9

45.862.962.962.9

61135.2135.2135.2

56.3238.7238.7238.7

4.3292.4292.4292.4

145.9284.8145.9145.9

62.3102102102

68.381.481.481.4

69.2166.3166.3166.3

36.8112.8112.8112.8

113.6149.6149.6149.6

44.8138.8138.8138.8

129.332.332.332.3

209261261261

26.1717.5717.5717.5

245.2124.1124.1124.1

31.6376.8376.8376.8

96.1105105105

33.3148148148

54.6128.554.654.6

59.9717171

36.8180.8180.8180.8

55.9321.6321.6321.6

188.8188.8258.4188.8

456.9205.5456.9456.9

22.1663.7663.7663.7

54.3125.2125.2125.2

114.989.989.989.9

204.2207.6207.6207.6

375.6375.6334.2375.6

47.6669.9669.9669.9

73.8199.1199.1199.1

4.7158.6158.6158.6

157.281.4157.2157.2

4.1109.2109.2109.2

197.498.6197.4197.4

37.1172.7172.7172.7

57.7254.7254.7254.7

90.6666666

51.6222.3222.3222.3

76.676.6346.776.6

00

200200

800800

00

150150

800800

0300

60240

180120

65

40

35

35

Minor Incident

Severe Incident

Disastrous Incident

old Amber

DISASTER

SEVERE

MINOR

ISOLATED

*Landslide Warning System 2: (1980 - mid 1983)Advantage: Much easier to identify whether WARNING should be called - even when chart is not to hand.

Chart2

147.9392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1

85.8531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3

132.5224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9

202.2357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4

36.9559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6

391.6391.6107.5391.6391.6391.6

80.2485485485485485

202.7113.4202.7202.7202.7202.7

30.8315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7

34.2249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9

202230.1202202202202

139.9253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7

118.3266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6

65.3303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8

136.5222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8

66324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7

85352352352352352

69.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9

52239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3

159.4266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3

76.6304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4

107.4363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2

164.1242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8

105.7364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5

14.4281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3

338.4135.5338.4338.4338.4338.4

155.9130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4

313.8141.2313.8313.8313.8313.8

95.8171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3

318.269.1318.2318.2318.2318.2

29.6238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8

319.562.5319.5319.5319.5319.5

17.9507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4

223.7136.1223.7223.7223.7223.7

359.8359.8246.2359.8359.8359.8

27.8586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3

59.9726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6

10.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1

81.8247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1

236.9175.5236.9236.9236.9236.9

591.5591.5270.3591.5591.5591.5

16.5444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8

41.541.141.141.141.141.1

96.161.261.261.261.261.2

163.16565656565

228.1236.1228.1228.1228.1228.1

90.663.163.163.163.163.1

45340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2

122475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2

212.872.7212.8212.8212.8212.8

120.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2

185.4246.5185.4185.4185.4185.4

78136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3

6.2231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3

406.2406.2382.6406.2406.2406.2

33.7788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9

31.4800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7

556.3200556.3556.3556.3556.3

104.1391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5

96.2359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1

134.6256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7

265.1127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9

86.5400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4

140.992.292.292.292.292.2

26.8363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6

78.464.664.664.664.664.6

229.9288.1229.9229.9229.9229.9

116.2249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6

365.8208.8365.8365.8365.8365.8

141.6205.9141.6141.6141.6141.6

347.5347.5213.8347.5347.5347.5

561.3561.3232.6561.3561.3561.3

0714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2

41.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9

136.5123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9

67.6294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7

172.1371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5

69.8547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3

91.9

67.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3

081.681.681.681.681.6

68.785.485.485.485.485.4

76.8139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4

110.5168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7

52.6279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2

331331118.5331331331

71.5448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9

45.862.962.962.962.962.9

61135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2

56.3238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7

4.3292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4

145.9284.8145.9145.9145.9145.9

62.3102102102102102

68.381.481.481.481.481.4

69.2166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3

36.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8

113.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6

44.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8

129.332.332.332.332.332.3

209261261261261261

26.1717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5

245.2124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1

31.6376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8

96.1105105105105105

33.3148148148148148

54.6128.554.654.654.654.6

59.97171717171

36.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8

55.9321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6

188.8188.8258.4188.8188.8188.8

456.9205.5456.9456.9456.9456.9

22.1663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7

54.3125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2

114.989.989.989.989.989.9

204.2207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6

375.6375.6334.2375.6375.6375.6

47.6669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9

73.8199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1

4.7158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6

157.281.4157.2157.2157.2157.2

4.1109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2

197.498.6197.4197.4197.4197.4

37.1172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7

57.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7

90.66666666666

51.6222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3

76.676.6346.776.676.676.6

03002000

20010060200

80010060800

0000

150150150150

800800800800

000300

606060240

180180180120

65

40

35

35

Minor Incident

Severe Incident

Disastrous Incident

RED Warning

AMBER Warning

old Amber

Sheet1

Sheet1

392.1392.1

531.3531.3

224.9224.9

357.4357.4

559.6559.6

391.6391.6

485485

202.7202.7

315.7315.7

249.9249.9

202202

253.7253.7

266.6266.6

303.8303.8

222.8222.8

324.7324.7

352352

304.9304.9

239.3239.3

266.3266.3

304.4304.4

363.2363.2

242.8242.8

364.5364.5

281.3281.3

338.4338.4

130.4130.4

313.8313.8

171.3171.3

318.2318.2

238.8238.8

319.5319.5

507.4507.4

223.7223.7

359.8359.8

586.3586.3

726.6726.6

365.1365.1

247.1247.1

236.9236.9

591.5591.5

444.8444.8

41.141.1

61.261.2

6565

228.1228.1

63.163.1

340.2340.2

475.2475.2

212.8212.8

283.2283.2

185.4185.4

136.3136.3

231.3231.3

406.2406.2

788.9788.9

800.7800.7

556.3556.3

391.5391.5

359.1359.1

256.7256.7

127.9127.9

400.4400.4

92.292.2

363.6363.6

64.664.6

229.9229.9

249.6249.6

365.8365.8

141.6141.6

347.5347.5

561.3561.3

714.2714.2

443.9443.9

123.9123.9

294.7294.7

371.5371.5

547.3547.3

207.3207.3

81.681.6

85.485.4

139.4139.4

168.7168.7

279.2279.2

331331

448.9448.9

62.962.9

135.2135.2

238.7238.7

292.4292.4

145.9145.9

102102

81.481.4

166.3166.3

112.8112.8

149.6149.6

138.8138.8

32.332.3

261261

717.5717.5

124.1124.1

376.8376.8

105105

148148

54.654.6

7171

180.8180.8

321.6321.6

188.8188.8

456.9456.9

663.7663.7

125.2125.2

89.989.9

207.6207.6

375.6375.6

669.9669.9

199.1199.1

158.6158.6

157.2157.2

109.2109.2

197.4197.4

172.7172.7

254.7254.7

6666

222.3222.3

76.676.6

00

200200

800800

00

150150

800800

330300

260240

180120

12565

9540

8535

8035

Old RED

RED Warning

old Amber

AMBER Warning

Warning Levels used 1977 - 1979

landslide_data

Record of Landslide Incidents in Hong Kong1930 - 1982

Incident No.DateCategoryRainfall on day (mm)Antecedent Rainfall (mm)Minor IncidentSevere IncidentDisastrous IncidentRED WarningAMBER WarningRED Warning from July 1983Alternative COld REDold Amber

17/24/30M147.9392.1147.9

27/25/30M85.8531.385.8

39/16/30M132.5224.9132.5

49/17/30M202.2357.4202.2

59/18/30M36.9559.636.9

67/30/32D107.5391.6107.5

77/31/32M80.248580.2

88/28/32S113.4202.7113.4

98/29/32M30.8315.730.8

106/30/33M34.2249.934.2

116/22/34S230.1202230.1

127/29/34M139.9253.7139.9

138/18/34M118.3266.6118.3

148/19/34M65.3303.865.3

158/2/36M136.5222.8136.5

168/4/36M66324.766

178/17/36M8535285

187/5/37M69.9304.969.9

198/22/37M52239.352

206/7/47M159.4266.3159.4

216/12/48M76.6304.476.6

227/28/48M107.4363.2107.4

236/25/49M164.1242.8164.1

246/26/49M105.7364.5105.7

255/14/51M14.4281.314.4

266/7/51S135.5338.4135.5

276/13/52M155.9130.4155.9

289/14/52S141.2313.8141.2

299/19/53M95.8171.395.8

305/11/55S69.1318.269.1

317/11/55M29.6238.829.6

327/18/55S62.5319.562.5

337/23/55M17.9507.417.9

345/21/57S136.1223.7136.1

355/22/57D246.2359.8246.2

365/25/57M27.8586.327.8

375/29/57M59.9726.659.9

387/18/57M10.1365.110.1

397/26/58M81.8247.181.8

406/13/59S175.5236.9175.5

416/15/59D270.3591.5270.3

428/10/59M16.5444.816.5

435/6/60M41.541.141.5

445/14/60M96.161.296.1

456/8/60M163.165163.1

466/9/60S236.1228.1236.1

473/19/61M90.663.190.6

489/4/61M45340.245

499/10/61M122475.2122

508/16/64S72.7212.872.7

519/11/64M120.2283.2120.2

5210/13/64S246.5185.4246.5

535/11/65M78136.378

549/29/65M6.2231.36.2

556/15/66D382.6406.2382.6

566/13/66M33.7788.933.7

576/15/66M31.4800.731.4

586/13/68S200556.3200

596/19/68M104.1391.5104.1

607/4/68M96.2359.196.2

616/5/69M134.6256.7134.6

625/13/70M265.1127.9265.1

635/26/70M86.5400.486.5

648/3/70M140.992.2140.9

659/10/70M26.8363.626.8

666/7/71M78.464.678.4

678/17/71S288.1229.9288.1

685/10/72M116.2249.6116.2

695/11/72S208.8365.8208.8

706/16/72S205.9141.6205.9

716/17/72D213.8347.5213.8

726/18/72D232.6561.3232.6

736/21/72M0714.20

748/21/72M41.9443.941.9

755/6/73M136.5123.9136.5

767/9/73M67.6294.767.6

777/17/73M172.1371.5172.1

789/2/73M69.8547.369.8

796/23/77M91.991.9

809/6/77M67.3207.367.3

814/12/78M081.60

824/16/78M68.785.468.7

835/18/78M76.8139.476.8

847/27/78M110.5168.7110.5

857/28/78M52.6279.252.6

867/29/78D118.5331118.5

877/30/78M71.5448.971.5

888/27/78M45.862.945.8

899/26/78M61135.261

9010/1/78M56.3238.756.3

9110/2/78M4.3292.44.3

9210/17/78S284.8145.9284.8

934/3/79M62.310262.3

945/13/79M68.381.468.3

955/15/79M69.2166.369.2

966/10/79m36.8112.836.8

976/11/79M113.6149.6113.6

987/1/79M44.8138.844.8

997/30/79M129.332.3129.3

1008/2/79M209261209

1018/11/79M26.1717.526.1

1029/23/79M245.2124.1245.2

1039/25/79M31.6376.831.6

1045/11/81M96.110596.1

1056/5/81M33.314833.3

1069/29/81S128.554.6128.5

1074/23/82M59.97159.9

1084/27/82M36.8180.836.8

1095/7/82M55.9321.655.9

1105/29/82D258.4188.8258.4

1115/31/82S205.5456.9205.5

1126/2/82M22.1663.722.1

1137/3/82M54.3125.254.3

1148/1/82M114.989.9114.9

1158/3/82M204.2207.6204.2

1168/16/82D334.2375.6334.2

1178/18/82M47.6669.947.6

1189/16/82M73.8199.173.8

1192/21/83M4.7158.64.7

1203/2/83S81.4157.281.4

1213/17/83M4.1109.24.1

1223/27/83S98.6197.498.6

1234/5/83M37.1172.737.1

1244/8/83M57.7254.757.7

1255/15/83M90.66690.6

1265/27/83M51.6222.351.6

1276/17/83D346.776.6346.7

0300200225

20010060100

80010060100

0200

150100

800100

0330300

60260240

180180120

32512565

5009540

7008535

8008035

landslide_data

147.9392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1392.1

85.8531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3531.3

132.5224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9224.9

202.2357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4357.4

36.9559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6559.6

391.6391.6107.5391.6391.6391.6391.6391.6391.6

80.2485485485485485485485485

202.7113.4202.7202.7202.7202.7202.7202.7202.7

30.8315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7315.7

34.2249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9249.9

202230.1202202202202202202202

139.9253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7253.7

118.3266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6266.6

65.3303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8303.8

136.5222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8222.8

66324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7324.7

85352352352352352352352352

69.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9

52239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3239.3

159.4266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3266.3

76.6304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4304.4

107.4363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2363.2

164.1242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8242.8

105.7364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5364.5

14.4281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3281.3

338.4135.5338.4338.4338.4338.4338.4338.4338.4

155.9130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4130.4

313.8141.2313.8313.8313.8313.8313.8313.8313.8

95.8171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3171.3

318.269.1318.2318.2318.2318.2318.2318.2318.2

29.6238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8238.8

319.562.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5

17.9507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4507.4

223.7136.1223.7223.7223.7223.7223.7223.7223.7

359.8359.8246.2359.8359.8359.8359.8359.8359.8

27.8586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3586.3

59.9726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6726.6

10.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1365.1

81.8247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1247.1

236.9175.5236.9236.9236.9236.9236.9236.9236.9

591.5591.5270.3591.5591.5591.5591.5591.5591.5

16.5444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8444.8

41.541.141.141.141.141.141.141.141.1

96.161.261.261.261.261.261.261.261.2

163.16565656565656565

228.1236.1228.1228.1228.1228.1228.1228.1228.1

90.663.163.163.163.163.163.163.163.1

45340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2340.2

122475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2475.2

212.872.7212.8212.8212.8212.8212.8212.8212.8

120.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2283.2

185.4246.5185.4185.4185.4185.4185.4185.4185.4

78136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3136.3

6.2231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3231.3

406.2406.2382.6406.2406.2406.2406.2406.2406.2

33.7788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9788.9

31.4800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7800.7

556.3200556.3556.3556.3556.3556.3556.3556.3

104.1391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5391.5

96.2359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1359.1

134.6256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7256.7

265.1127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9127.9

86.5400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4400.4

140.992.292.292.292.292.292.292.292.2

26.8363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6363.6

78.464.664.664.664.664.664.664.664.6

229.9288.1229.9229.9229.9229.9229.9229.9229.9

116.2249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6249.6

365.8208.8365.8365.8365.8365.8365.8365.8365.8

141.6205.9141.6141.6141.6141.6141.6141.6141.6

347.5347.5213.8347.5347.5347.5347.5347.5347.5

561.3561.3232.6561.3561.3561.3561.3561.3561.3

0714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2714.2

41.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9443.9

136.5123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9123.9

67.6294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7294.7

172.1371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5371.5

69.8547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3547.3

91.9

67.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3207.3

081.681.681.681.681.681.681.681.6

68.785.485.485.485.485.485.485.485.4

76.8139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4139.4

110.5168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7168.7

52.6279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2279.2

331331118.5331331331331331331

71.5448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9448.9

45.862.962.962.962.962.962.962.962.9

61135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2135.2

56.3238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7238.7

4.3292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4292.4

145.9284.8145.9145.9145.9145.9145.9145.9145.9

62.3102102102102102102102102

68.381.481.481.481.481.481.481.481.4

69.2166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3166.3

36.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8112.8

113.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6149.6

44.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8138.8

129.332.332.332.332.332.332.332.332.3

209261261261261261261261261

26.1717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5717.5

245.2124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1124.1

31.6376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8376.8

96.1105105105105105105105105

33.3148148148148148148148148

54.6128.554.654.654.654.654.654.654.6

59.97171717171717171

36.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8180.8

55.9321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6321.6

188.8188.8258.4188.8188.8188.8188.8188.8188.8

456.9205.5456.9456.9456.9456.9456.9456.9456.9

22.1663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7663.7

54.3125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2125.2

114.989.989.989.989.989.989.989.989.9

204.2207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6207.6

375.6375.6334.2375.6375.6375.6375.6375.6375.6

47.6669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9669.9

73.8199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1199.1

4.7158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6158.6

157.281.4157.2157.2157.2157.2157.2157.2157.2

4.1109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2109.2

197.498.6197.4197.4197.4197.4197.4197.4197.4

37.1172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7172.7

57.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7254.7

90.66666666666666666

51.6222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3222.3

76.676.6346.776.676.676.676.676.676.6

0300200225000

20010060100200200200

80010060100800800800

000020000

150150150150100150150

800800800800100800800

00000330300

6060606060260240

180180180180180180120

12565

9540

8535

8035

Minor Incident

Severe Incident

Disastrous Incident

RED Warning

AMBER Warning

RED Warning from July 1983

Alternative C

Old RED

old Amber

landslide_data (2)

392.1392.1

531.3531.3

224.9224.9

357.4357.4

559.6559.6

391.6391.6

485485

202.7202.7

315.7315.7

249.9249.9

202202

253.7253.7

266.6266.6

303.8303.8

222.8222.8

324.7324.7

352352

304.9304.9

239.3239.3

266.3266.3

304.4304.4

363.2363.2

242.8242.8

364.5364.5

281.3281.3

338.4338.4

130.4130.4

313.8313.8

171.3171.3

318.2318.2

238.8238.8

319.5319.5

507.4507.4

223.7223.7

359.8359.8

586.3586.3

726.6726.6

365.1365.1

247.1247.1

236.9236.9

591.5591.5

444.8444.8

41.141.1

61.261.2

6565

22