Kingdom Protista
• All are simple eukaryotes (cells with nuclei).• Protists are an unusual group of organisms
that were put together because they don't really seem to belong to any other Kingdom
• Mostly microscopic• Live in moist surroundings.• Most unicellular *(amoeba); multicellular
(seaweed/kelp)• Autotrophs, heterotrophs, or both.• Some can move - others cannot.
Animal-like Protists (Protozoans)
* Unicellular heterotrophs
* Four groups based on movement:
• pseudopods,
• cilia,
• flagella,
• non-motile sporozoans.
Protozoans with PseudopodsProtozoans with Pseudopods Ex: AmoebaEx: Amoeba
1. Phylum Sarcodine
• Pseudopods also called ‘False Feet’
• Cell membrane pulls in one direction & the cytoplasm folds into the bulge.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pR7TNzJ_pA
Protozoans with ciliaEx: Paramecium
2. Phylum – Ciliates
• Cilia - hairlike structures - help organisms move, get food and sense environment.
• Unicellular with 2 nuclei: one for everyday functions and one for reproduction
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FbDQfZOuyyk&feature=PlayList&p=9F5D3FC918ABE2F5&playnext_from=PL&playnext=1&index=17
Ciliates, cont.• Oral groove lined with cilia - moves
H20 containing food into food vacuole at end of oral groove.
• Food vacuole breaks down food and sends through cell.
• Anal pore sends out waste.
Protozoans with flagella3. Phylum zooflagelates
• Use long whiplike part called flagella to move. (one or two)
• These usually live inside other organisms
Non-Motile Protozoans
4. Phylum Sporozoa – parasites • Feed on cells & body fluids of host
Sporozoans like plasmodium (causes malaria) feeds off liver and blood cells
Plantlike Protists
• Better known as algae
• Autotrophs (photosynthesis)
• Size: unicellular to very large
• Contain different pigments so they come in different colors.
• Algae perform 55-75% of all photosynthesis on Earth so it provides most of the world’s oxygen!
•Ex: colonial Volvox
Fungus-like Protists
• Fungus-like protists are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter (decomposers/saprobes)
• Ex: slimemold, watermolds
Fungus-like Protists, con’t
• Land-dwelling water molds cause a number of plant diseases, including mildews and blights.
• A water mold Phytophthora infestans was responsible for the Irish Potato Famine!
Parasitic Protists
Parasite: an organism that lives off of a HOST organism (either on it or in it) and causes harm to the host.
Vector: an organism that carries parasite, and can transfer the parasite to another organism.
Parasite Vector Host
MALARIA
Protist – PlasmodiumVector – Female Anopheles Mosquito
• 4 species of protozoans that carry malaria but Plasmodium falciparum is especially deadly
Malaria• WHO: 300-500 million cases/year• 1.5-2.7 million deaths/year (more than AIDS)
• Symptoms: fever, headache, vomiting and other flu-like symptoms
• The protist lives inside the bloodstream eventually clogging capillaries and destroying blood cells, leading to death if untreated.http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=JwsoK8O0lXE
African Sleeping Sickness
• Occurs mostly in sub-saharan Africa• Initial symptoms: fever, headaches,
pain in joints• Infects the CNS: causes confusion,
lack of coordination and uncontrolled sleepiness.
• Leads to death if left untreated.• http://www.youtube.com/watch#!
v=4aVUrGO97Zg&feature=channel
Giardiasis
• Protist - Giardia• Infects ~ 200 million people worldwide
• Transmission: contaminated water (outdoor streams, other untreated water sources); day-care environments (fecal-oral route)
• Takes up residence in the digestive tract.
• Symptoms: severe diarrhea and vomiting.