Agenda
IETF and IoT DefinitionsIETF IoT WGs Internet Area: 6lo, 6tisch, lpwan, lwig, ipwave Routing Area: roll Application and Real Time Area: core Security Area: ace IRTF IoT WG: t2trgConclusions
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IoT(Internet of Things)
Everything that can be connected will be connected
Adapt the Internet to different types of networks such as constrained
networks/nodes, e.g. send temperature in a 802.15.4 packet
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IoT(Internet of Things)
Everything that can be connected will be connected
Constraints Networks
o low achievable bit rate/throughput
o high packet loss and high variability of packet loss
o highly asymmetric link characteristics,
o limits on reachability over time
Constrained Nodes:
-Limits on power
- Memory
- Processing resources
Adapt the Internet to different types of networks such as constrained
networks/nodes, e.g. send temperature in a 802.15.4 packet
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IoT(Internet of Things)
Everything that can be connected will be connected
Adapt IPv6
Adapt the Internet to different types of networks such as constrained
networks/nodes, e.g. send temperature in a 802.15.4 packet
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IoT(Internet of Things)
Everything that can be connected will be connected
Adapt IPv6 Modeling the routing
Adapt the Internet to different types of networks such as constrained
networks/nodes, e.g. send temperature in a 802.15.4 packet
8
IoT(Internet of Things)
Everything that can be connected will be connected
Adapt IPv6 Modeling the routing Modeling the web transfer
Adapt the Internet to different types of networks such as constrained
networks/nodes, e.g. send temperature in a 802.15.4 packet
9
IoT(Internet of Things)
Everything that can be connected will be connected
Adapt IPv6 Modeling the routing Modeling the web transfer
Adapt the Internet to different types of networks such as constrained
networks/nodes, e.g. send temperature in a 802.15.4 packet
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Security, Mgmt
IoT(Internet of Things)
Everything that can be connected will be connected
Adapt IPv6 Modeling the routing Modeling the web transfer Security, Mgmt
11
STANDARDS
Adapt the Internet to different types of networks such as constrained
networks/nodes, e.g. send temperature in a 802.15.4 packet
Internet Engineering Task Force
ORGANIZATION OF VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION WHOSE GOAL IS….
https://ietf.org/
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The goal of the The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is to make the Internet work better
Data Link (MAC + LLC)
Internet
Transport
Application
TCP/IP Stack
Physical
IETF
e.g. IEEE, 3GPP
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The goal of the The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is to make the Internet work better
Data Link (MAC + LLC)
Internet
Transport
Application
TCP/IP Stack
Physical
IETF
Applications and Real-Time
General
Internet
Ops & Mgmt
Routing
Security
Transport
IRTF
Areas
e.g. IEEE, 3GPP
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The goal of the The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is to make the Internet work better
Data Link (MAC + LLC)
Internet
Transport
Application
TCP/IP Stack
Physical
IETFAreas
Applications and Real-Time
General
Internet
Ops & Mgmt
Routing
Security
Transport
IRTF
–- include IoT Wgs
e.g. IEEE, 3GPP
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IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) aims
IPv6 header
IPv6 Payload
IPv6 header
IPv6 Payload
6LoWPAN
to compress the IPv6 header
http://www.reckorder.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/compressdata.jpg
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IPv6 over Low power WPAN (6lowpan) aims to compress the IPv6 header
- RFC 4944 defines a first version (LOWPAN_HC1) => not efficient
- RFC 6282 defines IPv6 Header Compression (LOWPAN_IPHC)
IPv6 Next Header Compression (LOWPAN_NHC) e.g UDP, Extension Headers, etc.
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LOWPAN_IPHC Header - Dispatch
Dispatch LOWPAN_IPHC In-line IPv6 Header Fields
2 or 3 bytes
Dispatch is a selector, Identifies the type of header (e.g. LOWPAN_IPHC, LOWPAN_HC1 , etc ) immediately following the Dispatch Header.
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LOWPAN_IPHC Header
Dispatch LOWPAN_IPHC In-line IPv6 Header Fields
0 1 1 TF CIDHLIMNH SAC SAM M DAC DAM
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TF: Traffic Class, Flow Label
NH: Next Header
HLIM: Hop Limit
CID: Context Identifier Extension
SAC: Source Address Compression
SAM: Source Address Mode
M: Multicast Compression
DAC: Destination Address Compression
DAM: Destination Address Mode
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LOWPAN_NHC
Typical LOWPAN_IPHC/LOWPAN_NHC Header Configuration
1 1 1 1 0 C P
LOWPAN_NHC: UDP Header Compression
e.g.
ChecksumPorts
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6LoWPAN Paging Dispatch - RFC 8025
Introduce a new context switch mechanism for 6LoWPAN compression,
- Expressed in terms of Pages
- Signaled by a new Paging Dispatch
1 1 1 1 Page Number
Paging Dispatch with Page Number Encoding
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30https://www.iana.org/assignments/_6lowpan-parameters/_6lowpan-parameters.xhtml#_6lowpan-parameters-1
IPv6 over Networks of Resource-constrained Nodes (6Lo) WGaims to extend 6LoWPAN to different technologies
- RFC 7428: Transmission of IPv6 Packets over ITU-T G.9959 Networks
- RFC 7668: IPv6 over BLUETOOTH(R) Low Energy
− IPv6 over Bluetooth Low Energy Mesh Networks● draft-ietf-6lo-blemesh-01
- Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Near Field Communication
− draft-ietf-6lo-nfc-07
- An Update to 6LoWPAN ND
− draft-ietf-6lo-rfc6775-update-05
Bluetooth LE Physical
Bluetooth LE Link Layer
Bluetooth LE L2CAP
6Lo for Bt LE MeshATT
GATT
IPSS
IPv6 | routing
UDP/TCP/other
Application
Activities - Digital Protocol - RF Analog
IPv6-LLCP BindingLogical Link Control Protocol (LLCP)
Adaptation Layer for IPv6 over NFC
IPv6
Upper Layer Protocol
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Who else is playing with 6LoWPAN?
6LoWPAN adaptation and compression (HC) 6top
IEEE802.15.4 TSCH
IPv6
UDP ICMP
COMICoAP / DTLS
(PANA)
6LoWPANND
RPL
IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e (6tisch)
6TiSCH Operation sublayer (6top) provides a set of commands for upper layers to set up specific schedules
Time is divided in Slots in TSCH
Channel Hopping in TSCH transmit in different channels
Industrial Networks
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Who else is playing with 6LoWPAN?
6LoWPAN adaptation and compression (HC) 6top
IEEE802.15.4 TSCH
IPv6
UDP ICMP
COMICoAP / DTLS
(PANA)
6LoWPANND
RPL
IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e (6tisch)
6TiSCH Operation sublayer (6top) provides a set of commands for upper layers to set up specific schedules
Time is divided in Slots in TSCH
Channel Hopping in TSCH transmit in different channels
Industrial Networks
IPv6 over Low Power Wide-Area Networks (lpwan)
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Who else is playing with 6LoWPAN?
6LoWPAN adaptation and compression (HC) 6top
IEEE802.15.4 TSCH
IPv6
UDP ICMP
COMICoAP / DTLS
(PANA)
6LoWPANND
RPL
IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e (6tisch)
6TiSCH Operation sublayer (6top) provides a set of commands for upper layers to set up specific schedules
Time is divided in Slots in TSCH
Channel Hopping in TSCH transmit in different channels
Industrial Networks
IPv6 over Low Power Wide-Area Networks (lpwan)
The Working Group will focus on enabling IPv6 connectivity over the following
selection of Low-Power Wide-Area technologies: SIGFOX, LoRa, WI-SUN and
NB-IOT.
LPWAN Static Context Header Compression (SCHC) and fragmentation for IPv6 and UDP - draft-ietf-lpwan-ipv6-static-context-hc-03
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IP Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (ipwave)
Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.11 Networks in mode Outside the Context of a Basic Service Set (IPv6-over-80211ocb) -draft-ietf-ipwave-ipv6-over-80211ocb-03
http://www.extremetech.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/DOT-V2I-program_100349715_m.jpghttp://www.sae.org/dlymagazineimages/11029_13957_ART.jpg
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Tutorial of 802.11p/OCB: https://www.ietf.org/proceedings/96/slides/slides-96-its-1.pdf
IoT(Internet of Things)
Everything that can be connected will be connected
Adapt the Internet to different types of networks
e.g. constrained networks/nodes
Adapt IPv6 Modeling the routing Modeling the web transfer Security, Mgmt
6LoWPAN
ROLL ( Routing over Low-Power and Lossy
Networks)
RPL ( IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks)
IPv6 over Low power WPAN
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DAGDirected Acyclic Graph
6LN (6LowPAN Node )
6LR (6LowPAN Router)
6LBR(6LowPAN Border Router) ROLL WG
RPLdeveloped topology
root DAG
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DODAGDirected Acyclic Graph
6LN (6LowPAN Node )
6LR (6LowPAN Router)
6LBR(6LowPAN Border Router) ROLL WG
RPLdeveloped topology
root Destination-Oriented DAG
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How we form the topology?
DODAGDirected Acyclic Graph
6LN (6LowPAN Node )
6LR (6LowPAN Router)
6LBR(6LowPAN Border Router) ROLL WG
RPLdeveloped topology
root Destination-Oriented DAG
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How we form the topology?
Through Control Messages
DODAGDirected Acyclic Graph
6LN (6LowPAN Node )
6LR (6LowPAN Router)
6LBR(6LowPAN Border Router) ROLL WG
RPLdeveloped topology
root Destination-Oriented DAG
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How we form the topology?
Through Control Messages
DODAGDirected Acyclic Graph
How I send the messages?
6LN (6LowPAN Node )
6LR (6LowPAN Router)
6LBR(6LowPAN Border Router) ROLL WG
RPLdeveloped topology
root Destination-Oriented DAG
48
How we form the topology?
Through Control Messages
RPL Control message is a ICMPv6 message
DODAGDirected Acyclic Graph
How I send the messages?
6LN (6LowPAN Node )
6LR (6LowPAN Router)
6LBR(6LowPAN Border Router) ROLL WG
RPLdeveloped topology
root Destination-Oriented DAG
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How we form the topology?
Through Control Messages
RPL Control message is a ICMPv6 message
DODAGDirected Acyclic Graph
What types of messages we need?
How I send the messages?
6LN (6LowPAN Node )
6LR (6LowPAN Router)
6LBR(6LowPAN Border Router) ROLL WG
RPLdeveloped topology
root Destination-Oriented DAG
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How we form the topology?
Through Control Messages
RPL Control message is a ICMPv6 message
DODAGDirected Acyclic Graph
What types of messages we need?
To Request information to join the topology -
DIS
How I send the messages?
6LN (6LowPAN Node )
6LR (6LowPAN Router)
6LBR(6LowPAN Border Router) ROLL WG
RPLdeveloped topology
root Destination-Oriented DAG
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How we form the topology?
Through Control Messages
RPL Control message is a ICMPv6 message
DODAGDirected Acyclic Graph
What types of messages we need?
To Request information to join the topology -
DIS
To be able to send messages upwards -
DIO
How I send the messages?
6LN (6LowPAN Node )
6LR (6LowPAN Router)
6LBR(6LowPAN Border Router) ROLL WG
RPLdeveloped topology
root Destination-Oriented DAG
52
How we form the topology?
Through Control Messages
RPL Control message is a ICMPv6 message
DODAGDirected Acyclic Graph
What types of messages we need?
To Request information to join the topology -
DIS
To be able to send messages upwards -
DIO
To be able to send messages downwards
DAO
How I send the messages?
6LN (6LowPAN Node )
6LR (6LowPAN Router)
6LBR(6LowPAN Border Router) ROLL WG
RPLdeveloped topology
root Destination-Oriented DAG
53
How we form the topology?
Through Control Messages
RPL Control message is a ICMPv6 message
DODAGDirected Acyclic Graph
What types of messages we need?
To Request information to join the topology -
DIS
To be able to send messages upwards -
DIO
To be able to send messages downwards
DAO
To send the messages in a secure way
How I send the messages?
6LN (6LowPAN Node )
6LR (6LowPAN Router)
6LBR(6LowPAN Border Router) ROLL WG
RPLdeveloped topology
root Destination-Oriented DAG
54
How we form the topology?
Through Control Messages
RPL Control message is a ICMPv6 message
DODAGDirected Acyclic Graph
What types of messages we need?
To Request information to join the topology -
DIS
To be able to send messages upwards -
DIO
To be able to send messages downwards
DAO
To send the messages in a secure way
How I send the messages?
How a node pick up a parent
6LN (6LowPAN Node )
6LR (6LowPAN Router)
6LBR(6LowPAN Border Router) ROLL WG
RPLdeveloped topology
root Destination-Oriented DAG
55
How we form the topology?
Through Control Messages
RPL Control message is a ICMPv6 message
DODAGDirected Acyclic Graph
What types of messages we need?
To Request information to join the topology -
DIS
To be able to send messages upwards -
DIO
To be able to send messages downwards
DAO
To send the messages in a secure way
How I send the messages?
How a node pick up a parent
Objective Function (OF)
Define how RPL nodes select and optimize routes within a RPL Instance.
Define how nodes translate one or more metrics into a rank.
Define how nodes select parents
6LN (6LowPAN Node )
6LR (6LowPAN Router)
6LBR(6LowPAN Border Router) ROLL WG
RPLdeveloped topology
root Destination-Oriented DAG
56
IoT(Internet of Things)
Everything that can be connected will be connected
Adapt the Internet to different types of networks
e.g. constrained networks/nodes
Adapt IPv6 Modeling the routing Modeling the web transfer Security, Mgmt
6LoWPAN
ROLL ( Routing over Low-Power and Lossy
Networks)
RPL ( IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks)
IPv6 over Low power WPAN Core (
Constrained RESTful
Environments) 57
core WG
CoAPdeveloped
RESTful protocol:
-Client/server & Request/Response
- GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, iPATCH, FETCH methods
URI = host + port + path + query componentThe well-know URI: GET coap://[ipv6address]/.well-know/core
Resource Discovery → Resource Directory (RD)
Application
Request/Response
Messages
UDP
4 bytes Header Ver
Token (if any, TKL bytes) ...
TKL Code Message ID
Options (if any) ...
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Payload (if any) ...
T
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core WG
CoAPdeveloped
RESTful protocol:
-Client/server & Request/Response
- GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, iPATCH, FETCH methods
URI = host + port + path + query componentThe well-know URI: GET coap://[ipv6address]/.well-know/core
Resource Discovery → Resource Directory (RD)
Application
Request/Response
Messages
UDP
4 bytes Header Ver
Token (if any, TKL bytes) ...
TKL Code Message ID
Options (if any) ...
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Payload (if any) ...
T
Messages Types: CON, NON, ACK, RESET
Confirmable (CON) Non-Confirmable (NON)
Multicast: “All CoAP Nodes" - in IPv4: 224.0.1.187 - in IPv6: FF0X::FD
- Group Communications (RFC 7390)
Pub- Sub ArchitectureObserve functionality
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IoT(Internet of Things)
Everything that can be connected will be connected
Adapt the Internet to different types of networks
e.g. constrained networks/nodes
Adapt IPv6 Modeling the routing Modeling the web transfer Security, Mgmt
6LoWPAN
ROLL ( Routing over Low-Power and Lossy
Networks)
RPL ( IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks)
IPv6 over Low power WPAN
Core ( Constrained
RESTful Environments)
CoAP (The Constrained Application Protocol)
DTLSComi/CoOL
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RFC 7925: Transport Layer Security (TLS) /Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) Profiles for the Internet of Things –
SECURITY
Authentication and Authorization for Constrained Environments (ACE) – ace WG
Practical Considerations and Implementation Experiences in Securing Smart Object Networks
dice WG
ace WG
lwig WG
core WG
Object Security of CoAP (OSCOAP)
A Security Threat Analysis for the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPLs)
ROLL WG
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Requirements on the Management of Networks with Constrained Devices
(RFC7547)
Implementation Requirements
Management Architecture/System Management Protocols and Data Models
Configuration Management
Monitoring Functionality
Self-Management
Security and Access ControlEnergy Management
Software Distribution
Traffic Management
Transport Layer
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-bormann-lwig-7228bis-01#section-364
Constrained Management Interface (CoMI)
CoMI is a network management interface for constrained devices and networks, called CoAP management Interface (CoMI)
Abstract CoMI architecture
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Light-Weight Implementation Guidance (lwig)
Energy-Efficient Features of Internet of Things Protocols
Building Power-Efficient CoAP Devices for Cellular Networks
CoAP Implementation Guidance
Practical Considerations and Implementation Experiences in Securing Smart Object
Networks
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T2TRG- THINGS TO THINGS RESEARCH GROUP
The Constrained RESTful Application Language (CoRAL)
RESTful Design for Internet of Things Systems
Semantic Interoperability
Guidance Design of Architecture and Data Model for Internet of Things
Systems
Some Topics:
68
Other Alliances
http://www.zigbee.org/
https://github.com/openthread/openthread
https://openconnectivity.org/ 69
Takeaways
● 6lo WG works to bring IPv6 into different types of Networks
through 6LoWPAN protocol
● ROLL WG works on routing aspects, it developed a main
protocol called RPL
● core WG works on web transfer aspects through CoAP
● ace works on security aspects
● lwig provides guidelines for implementers
● T2TRG works on open items for IoT
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References
6lo WG https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/6;o/documents/
ROLL WG https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/roll/documents/
Core WG https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/core/documents/
Lwig WG https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/lwig/documents/
ACE WG https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/ace/documents/
IoT Summary
https://www.w3.org/2015/04/munich/bormann.pdf
T2TRG https://datatracker.ietf.org/rg/t2trg/documents/
lpwan https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/lpwan/documents/
ipwave https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/ipwave/documents/
71