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Mega Food Park Ajmer – Rajasthan
Draft Report
Scope of Work
1. Authentic and updated Secondary Data related to production and seasonality of agriculture, horticulture, spices, plantation crops, dairy and animal husbandry in the state of Rajasthan.
2. Analysis of existing marketing system of agro horticulture produce and detailed mapping of Agriculture Produce market committee yards, institutional marketing and cooperative structure.
Prepared by
Kamtech Associates Private Limited
www.kamtechassociates.com
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Table of Contents
S. No. Content Page No.
1 Rajasthan 2
2 Agriculture Resources in Rajasthan 8
2.1 Principle Crops in Rajasthan 9
2.2 Agriculture Production 10
2.3 District Wise Agriculture Production 13
3 Horticulture, (Fruits & Vegetables, Spices and Medicinal Plants) 19
3.1 Fruits & Vegetables 20
3.2 Spices 24
3.3 Medicinal Plants 27
4 Animal Husbandry 29
5 Dairy & Dairy Products 31
5.1 Dairy Development 31
5.2 Co-operative Credit Structure 34
6 Poultry Industry 36
7 Honey and Bee Keeping 37
8 Fisheries 38
9 Floriculture 39
10 Organic Farming 42
11 Existing Infrastructure 43
11.1 State Warehousing 43
11.2 Agro Food Parks 44
11.3 Agro Export Zones 49
11.4 Agro Logistic Park 50
11.5 Market Yards - Mandies 53
11.6 Cold Storage 63
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1. Rajasthan Rajasthan is the largest state of the
Republic of India in terms of area
(342,269 km2). It encompasses most
of the area of the Great Indian Desert
(Thar Desert), which has an edge
paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river
valley along its border with Pakistan.
The region borders Pakistan to the
West, Gujarat to the Southwest,
Madhya Pradesh to the Southeast,
Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the
Northeast and Punjab to the North.
The capital of the state is Jaipur. Geographical features include the Thar Desert along north-
western Rajasthan.
The Aravali Range, one of the world's oldest mountain ranges, cradles the only hill station of
Rajasthan, Mount Abu. Eastern Rajasthan has two national tiger reserves, Ranthambore and
Sariska (Alwar), as well as Keoladeo National Park at Bharatpur, famous for its bird life.
1.1 Physiography
Rajasthan is predominantly characterized by three landforms’-
• The sandy stretch of the Thar desert
• Plains
• Hills
Hillocks, salty marshlands, gravel, shifting sand dunes, fragments of rocks, scrub vegetation and
rare oasis are scattered over the vast sandy expanse of the Thar Desert in Rajasthan. Chambal &
Luni are the main rivers in Rajasthan.
Figure1.1: Rajasthan
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The main geographic features of Rajasthan are the Thar Desert and the Aravali Range, which
runs through the state from southwest to northeast, almost from one end to the other, for more
than 850 km. The northwestern portion of Rajasthan is sandy and dry. Most of the region is
covered by the Thar Desert, which extends into adjoining portions of Pakistan.
1.2 Districts of Rajasthan
Rajasthan is divided into 33 districts within 7 divisions:
1. Ajmer Division: Ajmer, Bhilwara, Nagaur, Tonk (4 districts)
2. Bharatpur Division: Bharatpur, Dholpur, Karauli, Sawai Madhopur (5 districts).
3. Bikaner Division: Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh (4 districts).
4. Jaipur Division: Jaipur, Alwar, Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Dausa (5 districts).
5. Jodhpur Division: Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jalore, Jodhpur District, Pali, Sirohi (7 districts)
6. Kota Division: Baran, Bundi, Jhalawar, Kota (4 districts).
7. Udaipur Division: Banswara District, Chittorgarh District, Pratapgarh District, Dungarpur
District, Udaipur, Rajsamand (6 districts).
1.3 Climate
The climate of Rajasthan can be
neatly divided into four different
seasons:
• Summers
• Monsoon
• Post-monsoon
• Winter.
1.3.1 Summer
The hottest season of Rajasthan, summer, extends from April to June. The temperature in this
season ranges from 32° C to 45° C. The only place in Rajasthan that is a little cool in summers is
the hill station, Mt Abu. However, the nights in Rajasthan are pretty cool, with the night
temperature falling considerably.
Figure 1.2: Climate in Rajasthan
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1.3.2: Monsoon
During the period of July to September, lies the monsoon. The temperature ranges from 35° C to
40° C. The state receives approximately 90% of its annual rainfall (less than 40 cm) in this
season only. It is the most humid season in Rajasthan.
1.3.3: Post Monsoon
From October to November is the post monsoon season. The average maximum temperature
ranges between 33°C to 38°C and the minimum is between 18° C and 20° C.
1.3.4: Winters
Extending from December to March is the winter season. The coldest month of the season is
January. The temperature ranges from 10° C to 27° C. However, there may be considerable
difference in the maximum and minimum temperatures.
1.4: Soil
The soils of Rajasthan are
complex, and highly variable,
reflecting a variety of differing
parent materials, physiographic
land features, range of
distribution of rainfall and its
effects, etc. However, broadly,
the soils can be put in five major
groups, based on the basic fabric
of soils i.e. soil texture which
governs its many other
properties.
They are, (1) sandy soils or light soils, (2) sandy loam or light medium soils, (3) loam or medium
soils, (4) clay loam to clay or heavy soils and (5) skeletal soils or shallow rocky and hilly soils.
Soils are, variable in their soil-water-plant relationship, conservation needs and production
potentials.
Figure 1.3: Rajasthan Agro-Climate
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To assess the potential of agricultural development and to plan proper conservative land use. The
agronomical and soil moisture conservation technologies, developed for crop production, are
often more suitable, particularly for one or the other kinds of soils.
Soil resource is also a malleable environment molded by the agriculturist in many ways e.g.
production capacity can be improved through improvements of its fertility by the use of organic
manures and fertilizers. Its sustainability can also be maintained by its conservation against
damages through erosion, preventing salinization, alkalinization, compaction depletion in
nutrient level, etc. These are all known soil degradation processes which lessen the current or
potential capability of soils to produce crops or biomass.
1.5: Rivers
In Rajasthan, rivers are divided into two major river systems: Chambal and Luni. Chambal is the
only perennial river of the state, which enters Rajasthan at Chaurasigarh, after originating from
the northern slopes of the Vindhya Range. This river flows along the eastern border between
Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Fed by its tributaries, Chambal flows northwards across the state
and meets the Yamuna River.
Luni, river originates from the Aravali Range, 7 kilometer north of Ajmer. This is the only river
that flows across the western part of Rajasthan. The river flows to Gujarat, where it drains at the
Rann of Kutch.
1.6 Monsoon
Agriculture in Rajasthan is primarily rainfed. Nearly 30 percent of agricultural area is under
irrigation. Prospects of agriculture in the state largely depend on timely arrival of monsoon. In
kharif crops, production and productivity not only depend upon the quantum of rainfall but also
on proper and even distribution of rain over an adequate time span and its intensity.
The behavior of monsoon in Rajasthan is usually erratic and uncertain. In kharif crops,
production and productivity not only depend upon the quantum of rainfall but also on proper and
even distribution of rain over an adequate time span and its intensity.
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In this year mansoon (Year 2012), the rainfall was more than normal rainfall. The State has
received 616.71 mm rainfall against the normal rainfall of 530.10 mm from 01-06-2012 to 30-
09-2012. The Ajmer Division Rainfall details are as follows:
S. No. District In Ajmer Division
NORMAL Rainfall (mm)
Year 2011 Year 2012 ACTUAL
(mm) Deviation
(%) ACTUAL
(mm) Deviation
(%) 1. AJMER 429.60 612.40 42.55 591.88 37.78
2. BHILWARA 580.90 668.63 15.10 614.56 5.80
3. NAGAUR 348.50 405.18 16.26 471.73 35.36
4. TONK 566.00 760.75 34.41 598.22 5.69
Ajmer Division Total 481.25 611.74 27.11 569.10 18.25
Table 1.1: Rain Fall in Ajmer Division -2012
1.7 Natural Vegetation
There are thorny bushes and shrubs that occur in small patches and are scattered all over the
region Natural vegetation of Thar Desert is composed of tree, shrub and herb species. The scanty
vegetation consists of xerophilious grass such as Aristida adscensionis, Lasiurus scindicus and
Cenchrus biflorus. Small trees of species Acacia nilotica, Tamrix aphylla, Prosopis cineraria and
scrubs like Calligonum polygonoides, Crotalaria spp, Haloxylon recurvum and etc are endemic
to the desert.
1.8 Biodiversity
The desert of Rajasthan is the abode of 25 species of serpents are 23 specis of lizards. The
endangered Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps), the Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra),
Indian Wild Ass (Equus hemionus khur) and the Indian Gazelle (Gazella bennettii) are found
here.
In fact the Keoladeo Ghana National Park also known as the Desert National Park in Jaisalmer is
the repository of striking biodiversity and wildlife and houses the Bengal fox, chinkara, desert
fox, wolf, desert cat, the black buck and a plethora of migratory birds. The place also stores the
seashells and the gigantic fossilized tree trunks that bear witness to the presence of water and
vegetation in the past.
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1.9 Power
Rajasthan has taken significant stride in the past few years in the power sector, following five
companies, one each for generation and transmission, three for distribution are functioning for
providing better quality of electric supply to the urban and rural consumers and framers in the
State:
1. Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd.,
2. Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd.,
3. Jaipur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd.,
4. Ajmer Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd.,
5. Jodhpur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd.,
The major sources of power generation for the State are Kota and Suratgarh Thermal Power
Plants, Dholpur Gas Thermal Project, Mahi Hydel, Biomas, Captive Power Plant, Bhakra, Beas,
Chambal and Satpura Projects. Besides, the State also gets power from wind energy, Central
Sector's Rajasthan Atomic Power Plant, Singrauli, Rihand, Anta, Auraiya, Narora, Dadari Gas,
Unchahar Thermal and Tanakpur, Salal, Chamera and Urri hydel Projects.
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2. Agri Resources in Rajasthan Rajasthan surprises most observers with its
highly diversified agricultural produce. The
state is India's largest producer of oilseeds
(Rapeseed & Mustard), seed spices (Coriander,
Cumin and Fenugreek), coarse cereals and
Bajra, accounts for around 70% of the
country's production of Guar. The state is a
major producer of Soyabean, Gram, Groundnut
and Pulses.
Farmers in Rajasthan are dependent on different sources of irrigation that include tube wells,
wells and tanks. Ground water level is normally at a depth of 30 to 61 meters. The Punjab
Rivers in the north, the Narmada River in the south and the Agra Canals from Haryana and Uttar
Pradesh provide water to the dry land of Rajasthan. The Northwestern Rajasthan is irrigated by
the Indira Gandhi Canal.
Some Salient Features of Agriculture in Rajasthan • Two third of the total geographical area is under Desert. • Agriculture in Rajasthan is primarily rainfed. The average Rainfall is 58 cms. • The period of monsoon is shortest, ranging between 2 to 2.5 months. Its onset is
late and withdrawal early as compared to other States and one or two dry spells is a common phenomenon.
• 90 percent of the total rainfall is received during monsoon season (July-Sept.). In addition to spatial variation in rainfall, there is great variation from year to year
• About 63 percent of the total cultivation is under Kharif season and is mostly dependent (91%) on rainfall, which is uneven, aberrant and uncertain.
• About 64 percent of the irrigated area (68.09 lac ha.) is dependent on wells and tube-wells. The underground water source is unsecured as the water table is falling down at the rate of one to three meter per year.
• Approximately 35 percent of the irrigated area is under canal irrigation where water delivery (canal opening) is not coinciding with critical crop growth stages.
• Efficient utilization of water is a pertinent issue in all command areas. • Mono-cropping system is predominant in almost all the Agro Climatic Zones. • Rajasthan has only 1% of the country’s total Surface Water Resources.
Figure 2.1: Rajasthan Agro-Map
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Wheat, Corn, Millets and Pulses are the important crops grown in Rajasthan, since this forms the
basis of the lentils required for cooking meals.
Sesame and Groundnut are grown in Rajasthan and sources of cooking oil. The land is still not
used for growing varieties of vegetables other than Potatoes, and more recently Tomatoes.
However, the water of the Indira Gandhi Canal (Rajasthan Canal) is now helping in the
cultivation of a handsome crop of Citrus fruits, including Tangerines, Oranges and Lemons.
Dehydrated vegetables - Sangri and Gwarphali from the bean families and Kakri from the
cucumber family - can be grown and used as fresh, or stored for use in later months.
2.1 Principle Crops in Rajasthan
Rajasthan has two principal crops
• Kharif ( Sown time – June and July )
• Rabi ( Sown time - October and November )
The crops categorized in Rajasthan as follows:
i) Kharif Rice, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Tur, Groundnut, Sesamum, Castorseed, Cotton, Sugarcane and Soyabean.
ii) Rabi Wheat, Barley, Gram, Linseed, Rape & Mustard and Taramira.
iii) Zaid rabi Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Urad, Moong, Moth, Chaula, Fruits & Vegetables, Tobacco, Small millets, Spices, Fodder and chillis.
Figure 2.2: Principle Crops in Rajasthan
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2.2 Agricultural Production The detailed position of the area and production under kharif and rabi crops for the last three
years is shown in the following table:
Area and Production of Kharif and Rabi crops in the State Crop Area (in lakh hectares) Production (in lakh M.T.)
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Likely
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Likely
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cereals 98.29 108.71 96.63 116.58 203.07 182.13
Kharif 72.10 75.06 68.10 35.36 89.27 87.82
Rabi 26.19 33.65 28.53 81.22 113.80 94.31
Pulses 34.04 47.55 45.20 7.02 32.54 27.32
Kharif 24.84 29.16 29.72 1.33 16.03 12.00
Rabi 9.20 18.39 15.48 5.69 16.51 15.32
Foodgrains 132.33 156.26 141.83 123.60 235.61 209.45
Kharif 96.94 104.22 97.82 36.69 105.30 99.82
Rabi 35.39 52.04 44.01 86.91 130.31 109.63
Oil-Seeds 41.58 54.88 54.86 44.37 66.05 62.48
Kharif 18.44 18.08 20.87 14.82 22.33 25.18
Rabi 23.14 36.80 33.99 29.55 43.72 37.30
Table 2.1 Agriculture Production – Rajasthan (Year 2010-11) As per the preliminary forecast for the year 2011-12, the total food grain production in the State
is expected to be 209.45 lakh tonnes which has shown a decrease of 11.10 per cent as compared
to that of 235.61 lakh tonnes in the previous year. The kharif food grain production in the year
2011-12 is expected to be at the level of 99.82 lakh tonnes as against 105.30 lakh tonnes of the
previous year, which has shown a decrease of 5.20 per cent. The rabi food grain production in
the year 2011-12 is expected to be a level of 109.63 lakh tonnes as against 130.31 lakh tonnes
during the year 2010-11 exhibiting a decrease of 15.87 percent.
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The Production of kharif cereals in the year 2011-12 is expected to be 87.82 lakh tonnes, which
is lower by 1.62 per cent compared to that of 89.27 lakh tonnes during the previous year. The
main contributors to kharif cereals production are Bajra and Maize. Their respective
contribution is estimated to be 64.68 and 16.45 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12 against 60.91
lakh and 20.53 lakh tonnes respectively in the year 2010-11 showing an increase of 6.19 per
cent in Bajra and 19.87 per cent decrease in Maize.
The Production of rabi cereals in the year 2011-12 is expected to be 94.31 lakh tonnes against
113.80 lakh tonnes in the year 2010-11. Wheat, the main contributor of rabi cereals, is expected
to be 85.47 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12 as compared to 104.24 lakh tonnes in the year 2010-
11 showing a decrease of 18.01 per cent. The production of Barley is likely to be 8.72 lakh
tonnes in the year 2011-12 as against 9.55 lakh tonnes in the year 2010-11, which has shown a
decrease of 8.69 per cent.
Pulses, being rich sources of energy and minerals are one of the important sources of dietary
proteins, especially for the vegetarians.
The production of kharif pulses is estimated to be 12.00 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12 against
16.03 lakh tonnes in the year 2010-11 which reveals a decrease of 25.14 per cent. The production
of rabi pulses is likely to be 15.32 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12 against 16.51 lakh tonnes in
the year 2010-11 showing a decrease of 7.21 per cent.
The production of oilseeds in the year 2011-12 is estimated at 62.48 lakh tonnes against 66.05
lakh tonnes in the year 2010-11 showing a decrease of 5.40 per cent over the previous year. The
production of kharif oilseeds is estimated to be 25.18 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12 as against
22.33 lakh tonnes in the year 2010-11 showing an increase of 12.76 per cent. The production of
rabi oilseeds is likely to be 37.30 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12 as against 43.72 lakh tonnes in
the year 2010-11 showing a decrease of 14.68 per cent. The production of Rape & Mustard is
likely to be 35.31 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12 as against 38.83 lakh tonnes in the year 2010-
11 which has registered a decrease of 9.07 per cent over the previous year.
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2.2.1 Area and Production of Sugarcane & Cotton Crop Area (in lakh hectares) Production (in lakh M.T.)
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Likely
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Likely
Sugarcane 0.06 0.06 0.16 3.45 3.68 9.98
Cotton * 4.45 3.36 5.68 9.03 8.57 13.35
Production in lakh bales (each bale of 170 kg.)
Table 2.2 Agriculture Production – Rajasthan (Year 2010-11)
The production of sugarcane is likely to be 9.98 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12 as against 3.68
lakh tonnes in the year 2010-11, which has shown an increase of 171.20 per cent.
Cotton, which is an important cash crop of the State, is grown mainly in Ganganagar and
Hanumangarh districts. Its production is likely to be 13.35 lakh bales during the year 2011-12 as
against 8.57 lakh bales in the year 2010-11 showing an increase of 55.83 per cent.
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2.3 District Wise Agriculture Production
CROPWISE PRODUCTION (2010-11)
2.3.1 KHARIF CEREAL (IN M.T.)
KHARIF CEREAL DISTRICT
RICE JOWAR BAJRA MAIZE SMALL
MILLETS TOTAL
1 AJMER 18 121578 128399 53352 109 303456 2 ALWAR 766 20975 508361 12200 0 542302 3 BANSWARA 17610 368 190 298984 588 317740 4 BARAN 23800 1404 3848 44591 0 73643 5 BARMER 0 1927 534595 2 0 536524 6 BHARATPUR 3095 34170 235022 9 0 272296 7 BHILWARA 794 34793 5658 371547 0 412792 8 BIKANER 75 402 137653 13 0 138143 9 BUNDI 42971 468 5410 122387 0 171236
10 CHITTORGARH 1693 5869 17 398124 0 405703 11 CHURU 0 2 249732 0 0 249734 12 DAUSA 0 3147 200853 1231 0 205231 13 DHOLPUR 1375 29 155134 9 0 156547 14 DUNGARPUR 9058 450 167 130458 3554 143687 15 GANGANAGAR 20046 0 19993 58 0 40097 16 HANUMANGARH 88450 0 79360 5 0 167815 17 JAIPUR 0 26210 445790 6316 0 478316 18 JAISALMER 0 1787 90732 0 0 92519 19 JALORE 0 4048 364089 74 601 368812 20 JHALAWAR 5858 4559 11 84800 0 95228 21 JHUNJHUNU 0 6 498468 2 0 498476 22 JODHPUR 0 40639 621315 7 0 661961 23 KARAULI 2241 243 253925 138 0 256547 24 KOTA 38259 6824 82 28524 0 73689 25 NAGAUR 0 46493 744634 88 0 791215 26 PALI 0 84137 99248 35235 2 218622 27 PRATAPGARH 2681 176 4 80815 103 83779 28 RAJSAMAND 174 11919 502 78298 188 91081 29 S.MADHOPUR 1308 1359 166633 963 0 170263 30 SIKAR 0 14 431344 25 0 431383 31 SIROHI 0 3936 26821 51700 2160 84617 32 TONK 4 46447 109786 16006 0 172243 33 UDAIPUR 5269 4498 24 245463 1048 256302 RAJ. STATE 265545 508877 6117800 2061424 8353 89,61,999
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2.3.2 RABI CEREALS PRODUCTION (2010-11)
(IN M.T.)
# DISTRICT WHEAT BARLEY SMALL
MILLETS TOTAL 1 AJMER 207905 95624 0 303529 2 ALWAR 816059 47301 0 863360 3 BANSWARA 176322 2448 0 178770 4 BARAN 514045 1593 0 515638 5 BARMER 24526 123 0 24649 6 BHARATPUR 704731 8157 0 712888 7 BHILWARA 307983 73327 0 381310 8 BIKANER 233437 6490 0 239927 9 BUNDI 570970 3058 0 574028
10 CHITTORGARH 420936 17611 0 438547 11 CHURU 64769 11298 0 76067 12 DAUSA 335173 21731 0 356904 13 DHOLPUR 206385 2727 0 209112 14 DUNGARPUR 58101 2795 0 60896 15 GANGANAGAR 1049386 79427 0 1128813 16 HANUMANGARH 867972 45951 0 913923 17 JAIPUR 590946 241202 0 832148 18 JAISALMER 51937 570 0 52507 19 JALORE 80464 1482 683 82629 20 JHALAWAR 222286 1314 0 223600 21 JHUNJHUNU 259955 29100 0 289055 22 JODHPUR 149046 1242 2 150290 23 KARAULI 365854 1422 0 367276 24 KOTA 411409 1955 0 413364 25 NAGAUR 194987 44349 0 239336 26 PALI 145154 11634 0 156788 27 PRATAPGARH 123163 4124 0 127287 28 RAJSAMAND 104462 15174 0 119636 29 S.MADHOPUR 291368 5115 0 296483 30 SIKAR 343783 94401 0 438184 31 SIROHI 114373 3428 512 118313 32 TONK 284497 45660 0 330157 33 UDAIPUR 131966 12818 5 144789
RAJ. STATE 10424350 934651 1202 11360203
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2.3.3 KHARIF PULSES PRODUCTION (2010-11)
(IN M.T.)
# DISTRICT TUR MOONG MOTH URAD CHAULA OTHER TOTAL 1 AJMER 7 62759 816 6401 906 0 70889 2 ALWAR 4796 29 11 3 5 0 4844 3 BANSWARA 2954 2 0 4693 17 0 7666 4 BARAN 82 305 0 1608 1 0 1996 5 BARMER 0 26979 144886 0 1 0 171866 6 BHARATPUR 301 78 26 74 6 0 485 7 BHILWARA 2 13311 0 31119 104 473 45009 8 BIKANER 0 3600 214496 0 1 0 218097 9 BUNDI 16 147 0 13790 2 0 13955
10 CHITTORGARH 15 474 0 2054 39 1 2583 11 CHURU 0 7680 142649 0 303 0 150632 12 DAUSA 5 55 69 4 32 0 165 13 DHOLPUR 1008 110 4 119 13 0 1254 14 DUNGARPUR 1122 10 0 6686 17 25 7860 15 GANGANAGAR 25 35065 2267 323 2 0 37682 16 HANUMANGARH 96 8808 43294 99 0 0 52297 17 JAIPUR 139 56429 282 218 8493 0 65561 18 JAISALMER 0 6203 1535 0 1 0 7739 19 JALORE 0 55768 23372 0 23 39 79202 20 JHALAWAR 459 158 0 9401 39 0 10057 21 JHUNJHUNU 0 7684 1226 0 11293 0 20203 22 JODHPUR 22 71378 100869 0 27 0 172296 23 KARAULI 578 19 41 38 0 0 676 24 KOTA 57 135 0 5317 3 0 5512 25 NAGAUR 0 192276 94796 0 10875 0 297947 26 PALI 24 60432 938 111 530 51 62086 27 PRATAPGARH 976 498 0 1548 21 0 3043 28 RAJSAMAND 0 479 13 970 55 0 1517 29 S.MADHOPUR 161 125 86 780 4 0 1156 30 SIKAR 1 8194 2893 0 30962 0 42050 31 SIROHI 234 4176 42 666 451 853 6422 32 TONK 4 28745 86 4234 92 0 33161 33 UDAIPUR 3153 117 1 3900 18 0 7189 RAJ. STATE 16237 652228 774698 94156 64336 1442 1603097
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2.3.4 RABI PULSES PRODUCTION (2010-11)
(IN M.T.)
# DISTRICT GRAM MASOOR BATLA MATAR OTHER TOTAL TOTAL PULSES 1 AJMER 92407 22 0 0 0 92429 163318 2 ALWAR 20643 87 0 285 4 21019 25863 3 BANSWARA 10763 1 0 1 1838 12603 20269 4 BARAN 12059 63 0 57 0 12179 14175 5 BARMER 962 0 0 0 0 962 172828 6 BHARATPUR 8572 3879 0 178 0 12629 13114 7 BHILWARA 43496 5731 0 52 0 49279 94288 8 BIKANER 145450 0 0 1 0 145451 363548 9 BUNDI 10680 17045 0 426 0 28151 42106
10 CHITTORGARH 8731 513 0 48 0 9292 11875 11 CHURU 222812 0 0 0 0 222812 373444 12 DAUSA 12086 0 0 8 0 12094 12259 13 DHOLPUR 2034 155 0 80 0 2269 3523 14 DUNGARPUR 12587 0 0 0 955 13542 21402 15 GANGANAGAR 98854 5 0 154 0 99013 136695 16 HANUMANGARH 126850 0 0 2 0 126852 179149 17 JAIPUR 189422 6 0 0 0 189428 254989 18 JAISALMER 52035 0 0 0 0 52035 59774 19 JALORE 3290 4 0 0 0 3294 82496 20 JHALAWAR 28323 3070 0 10 392 31795 41852 21 JHUNJHUNU 141812 1 0 0 0 141813 162016 22 JODHPUR 5208 0 0 0 0 5208 177504 23 KARAULI 22226 12 0 6 0 22244 22920 24 KOTA 7387 35 0 93 29 7544 13056 25 NAGAUR 68076 0 0 2492 0 70568 368515 26 PALI 40092 5 0 0 0 40097 102183 27 PRATAPGARH 21600 3501 0 41 0 25142 28185 28 RAJSAMAND 1201 0 0 0 0 1201 2718 29 S.MADHOPUR 27978 684 0 54 0 28716 29872 30 SIKAR 94121 5 0 0 0 94126 136176 31 SIROHI 6746 0 0 0 0 6746 13168 32 TONK 47211 3625 0 132 1284 52252 85413 33 UDAIPUR 15004 0 0 0 1025 16029 23218 RAJ. STATE 1600718 38449 0 4120 5527 1648814 3251911
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2.3.5 KHARIF OILSEEDS PRODUCTION (2010-11)
(IN M.T.) # DISTRICT GROUNDNUT SESAMUM CASTOR SEED SOYABEAN TOTAL 1 AJMER 2865 8130 38 14 11047 2 ALWAR 2920 1266 0 0 4186 3 BANSWARA 372 268 6 18316 18962 4 BARAN 1174 17934 0 357107 376215 5 BARMER 1136 1033 23758 0 25927 6 BHARATPUR 124 1120 14 0 1258 7 BHILWARA 9858 12913 6 3825 26602 8 BIKANER 229912 1307 144 0 231363 9 BUNDI 775 15408 0 79778 95961
10 CHITTORGARH 31012 2667 5 46432 80116 11 CHURU 44632 1931 0 0 46563 12 DAUSA 23837 3585 0 0 27422 13 DHOLPUR 179 4757 1 0 4937 14 DUNGARPUR 61 662 24 1763 2510 15 GANGANAGAR 6347 831 1172 0 8350 16 HANUMANGARH 9423 2726 7290 0 19439 17 JAIPUR 91168 5860 21 0 97049 18 JAISALMER 16291 332 607 0 17230 19 JALORE 7837 5622 133819 0 147278 20 JHALAWAR 2668 3032 0 316766 322466 21 JHUNJHUNU 3601 72 28 0 3701 22 JODHPUR 75328 12666 12726 0 100720 23 KARAULI 2218 8332 0 0 10550 24 KOTA 641 17447 0 153568 171656 25 NAGAUR 26262 9001 153 0 35416 26 PALI 2001 47049 1840 0 50890 27 PRATAPGARH 1575 428 11 136652 138666 28 RAJSAMAND 1884 901 0 0 2785 29 S.MADHOPUR 8428 11119 0 1148 20695 30 SIKAR 50344 502 1 0 50847 31 SIROHI 10243 7918 59546 4 77711 32 TONK 19688 16021 20 98 35827 33 UDAIPUR 2013 591 14 2632 5250 RAJ. STATE 686817 223431 241244 1118103 2269595
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2.3.6 RABI OILSEEDS PRODUCTION (2010-11)
(IN M.T.)
# DISTRICT RAPE & MUSTARD LINSEED TARAMIRA SUNFLOWER TOTAL
1 AJMER 38618 51 54655 0 93324
2 ALWAR 426074 13 972 0 427059
3 BANSWARA 173 11 12 0 196
4 BARAN 122116 379 617 0 123112
5 BARMER 40522 5 16132 0 56659
6 BHARATPUR 374189 28 258 0 374475
7 BHILWARA 41228 34 27437 0 68699
8 BIKANER 55065 4 1043 0 56112
9 BUNDI 48675 227 4182 0 53084
10 CHITTORGARH 71543 75 10516 0 82134
11 CHURU 32251 0 2769 0 35020
12 DAUSA 117594 0 4468 0 122062
13 DHOLPUR 108787 104 112 0 109003
14 DUNGARPUR 1444 0 35 0 1479
15 GANGANAGAR 565310 0 5736 0 571046
16 HANUMANGARH 222070 0 2309 0 224379
17 JAIPUR 169984 13 36511 0 206508
18 JAISALMER 54207 0 9927 0 64134
19 JALORE 145588 2 77600 0 223190
20 JHALAWAR 38485 98 3202 0 41785
21 JHUNJHUNU 126198 0 658 0 126856
22 JODHPUR 85521 2 16873 0 102396
23 KARAULI 124837 0 2193 0 127030
24 KOTA 92662 199 889 0 93750
25 NAGAUR 71626 685 131769 1 204081
26 PALI 34654 8 31460 0 66122
27 PRATAPGARH 8710 73 795 0 9578
28 RAJSAMAND 6198 112 2305 0 8615
29 S.MADHOPUR 221217 6 3213 0 224436
30 SIKAR 96870 0 7653 0 104523
31 SIROHI 35770 10 4236 0 40016
32 TONK 277740 119 23681 0 301540
33 UDAIPUR 27357 0 2148 0 29505
RAJ. STATE 3883283 2258 486366 1 4371908
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3. Horticulture (Fruits & Vegetables, Spices and Medicinal Plants)
Rajasthan has a large scope for horticulture. It provides additional employment opportunities to
the rural people while diversifying the rural economy to agro processing and other ancillary
activities. During the year 2011-12, against the budget provision of Rs. 132.93 crore, an amount
of Rs. 100.77 crore has been utilized upto December, 2011 and establishment of fruits orchards
in 148.50 hectares, 113 vermi-compost units, plant protection measures in 815 hectares and
3,260 demonstrations of vegetables have been done.
The diverse agro-ecological conditions prevailing in Rajasthan is amenable for growing fruits,
vegetables, spices, flowers, root and tuber crops, medicinal and aromatic crops. Out of the net
cultivated area of about 165 lakh ha. in Rajasthan, Horticultural crops are grown in an area of
about 10 lakh hectares with an annual production of about 14 lakh MT. Major Horticulture crops
in the state can be divided in three categories as following: -
1. Fruits & Vegetables:
a. Fruits : Mango , Orange,Lime, Guava,
Kinnow, Ber, Mosambi, Aonla,
Pomegranate, Papaya, Sugar Cane
b. Vegetables : Onion, Tomato, Pea,
Okra, Brinjal, Potato
2. Spices: Garlic, Coriander, Methi, Cumin Seeds, Chillies, Ajwain, Funnel, Fenugreek ,
Turmeric and Ginger Figure 2.33: Orange Market Jhalawar
3. Medicinal Plants: Isabgol, Ashwagandha, Alovera, Jojoba, Ratanjot
Figure 3.1: Oranges – Jhalawar Mandi
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3.1: Fruits & Vegetables Rajasthan, known for its rich cultural heritage, has now been making waves in export of fresh
fruits and vegetables. The worldwide demand for fruits and vegetables provide enough
encouragement to state organizations and entrepreneurs to initiate steps to optimally tap the
natural resources of the state. Rajasthan is the largest state of India harboring a number of arid
and semi-arid fruit plants. Value addition to the crops in a proper manner, regulated way and
help in increasing the standard of living and ensures food and nutritional security as well.
Bhawanimandi in Kota is the biggest Orange market of the state, having an average annual
arrival of good quality of Orange to the extent of 3013 MT. In view of such huge marketed
surpluses, the Government of Rajasthan has declared this market as a Specific Market for
Orange. Sawaimadhopur is the biggest guava market in the state and well known for its quality
Fruits & Vegetables production in Rajasthan is as follows:
3.1.1 Fruits & Vegetables Production 2010-2011
Fruits Production
in MT
Vegetables Production
in MT
Papaya 662 Onion 541107
Banana 1300 Potato 76019
Citrus 253400 Sweet Potato 2665
Grape 100 Tomato 55500
Guava 24700 Peas 11600
Mango 82000 Okra 13000
Pomo Granat 1600 Cabbage 8200
Sugarcane 628963 C.Flower 45700
Singhada 323 Brinjal 37300
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3.1.1.1 FRUITS & VEGETABLE PRODUCTION (2010-11) (IN M.T.)
# DISTRICT PAPAYA POTATO ONION SWEET POTATO
WATER CALTROP
(SINGHADA)
TOTAL
1 AJMER 2 10 1172 134 7 1325 2 ALWAR 91 764 51482 65 5 52407 3 BANSWARA 50 0 47 0 0 97 4 BARAN 20 225 407 0 50 702 5 BARMER 0 1 63 0 0 64 6 BHARATPUR 107 44284 92 461 105 45049 7 BHILWARA 34 20 38 0 0 92 8 BIKANER 0 22 0 0 0 22 9 BUNDI 87 692 0 281 2 1062
10 CHITTORGARH 0 162 4177 2 0 4341 11 CHURU 0 0 233 0 0 233 12 DAUSA 0 40 54 4 8 106 13 DHOLPUR 0 10510 7 40 0 10557 14 DUNGARPUR 0 0 105 0 0 105 15 GANGANAGAR 0 6516 1152 0 0 7668 16 HANUMANGARH 0 4239 48 0 0 4287 17 JAIPUR 0 266 9358 0 10 9634 18 JAISALMER 0 0 10 0 0 10 19 JALORE 104 165 501 105 0 875 20 JHALAWAR 0 2252 6643 235 14 9144 21 JHUNJHUNU 0 22 68660 12 0 68694 22 JODHPUR 30 0 163143 6 0 163179 23 KARAULI 27 69 13 44 22 175 24 KOTA 0 2925 348 0 9 3282 25 NAGAUR 0 0 60916 458 0 61374 26 PALI 1 0 412 8 0 421 27 PRATAPGARH 2 0 5110 0 0 5112 28 RAJSAMAND 0 33 63 0 0 96 29 S.MADHOPUR 0 7 406 12 66 491 30 SIKAR 1 13 165507 490 0 166011 31 SIROHI 26 2733 495 0 0 3254 32 TONK 80 42 409 308 25 864 33 UDAIPUR 0 7 36 0 0 43 RAJ. STATE 662 76019 541107 2665 323 620776
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3.1.1.2 Major Fruits Producing Area in Rajasthan producing
Fruits Major Fruits Producing Area in Rajasthan producing districts
Mango Chittorgarh, Dholpur, Udaipur, Bhilwara, Dausa, Banswara
Lemon Bharatpur, Dholpur, S. Madhopur, Alwar, Karauli
Guava Dholpur, S. Madhopur, Kota, Bundi, Chittorgarh, Udaipur
Papaya Chittor, Bhilwara, Bharatpur, Karauli, Udaipur, Dausa, Jaipur
Pomegranate Pali, Jodhpur, Ajmer, Srigangangar, Jaipur, Chittorgarh
Blackberry Dholpur, Kota, Chittorgarh, Baran, Ajmer
Ber Jodhpur, Sriganganagar, Bharatpur, Jaipur, Alwar, Dholpur.
Orange Jhalawar, Kota
Sweet Orange Sriganganagar, Hanumangarh
Kinnow Sriganganagar, Hanumangarh
Grapes Ganganagar, S. Madhopur, Hanumangarh
Lasoda Ajmer, Barmer, Jodhpur
Sapota Sirohi, Pali, Jaipur, Chittor
Banana Rajsamand, Chittor, Banswara, Udaipur
Datepalm Jaipur, Jaisalmer
Phalsa Jaipur, Ajmer, Dholpur
Aonla Jaipur, Ajmer, Nagaur, Chittorgarh, Dausa
Karonda Alwar, Jaipur, Dausa
Mulberry Ajmer, Alwar, Bharatpur, Dausa, Jaipur
Custard Apple Rajsamand, Chittor, Jhalawar, Udaipur.
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3.1.1.3 Major Vegetables Producing Area in Rajasthan
Vegetables Major Producing Area in Rajasthan
Onion Jodhpur, Alwar, Sikar, Jaipur, Ajmer, Nagaur, Jhunjhunu
Tomato Jaipur, Dholpur, Alwar, Jalore, Sirohi, Ajmer
Potato Kota, Dholpur, Sriganganagar, Bharatpur, Bundi
Brinjal Alwar, Bharatpur, Jaipur, Kota, Bundi, Ajmer, Baran.
Cauliflower & Cabbage Jaipur, Ajmer Alwar, Kota, Jodhpur, Ganganagar.
Tinda Jaipur, Alwar, Tonk, Jodhpur,Ganganagar
Cucumber Jodhpur, Jaipur, Tonk, Nagaur, Pali, Ganganagar
Peas Jaiupr, Chittor, Alwar, Nagaur, Kota, Bundi, Baran
Okra Alwar, Jaipur, Bundi, Chittor, Kota, Dausa, Sriganganagar
Carrot Jodhpur, Sriganganagar, Jaipur, Hanumangarh
Pumpkin Bharatpur, jaipur, Kota, Dausa, S. Madhopur
Sweet Potato Bharatpur, Jhalawar, Bundi, Sikar, Nagaur
Bottle gourd Jaipur, Alwar, Sriganganagar, Bharatpur, Tonk
Ridge Gourd Jaipur, Nagaur, Sriganganagar, Dholpur, Ajmer, Jodhpur, Sikar
Radish Sriganganagar, Ajmer, Kota, Jaipur, Alwar, Hanumangarh
Spinach Jaipur, Ajmer, Bhilwara, Sriganganagar, Jodhpur, Alwar
Bitter Gourd Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kota
Guarfali Jodhpur, Nagaur, Jaipur, Pali
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3.2 Spices Rajasthan is an important producer of spices including seed spices such as fenugreek, cumin and
coriander among others. Various varieties of raw spices or grounded spices are available in
Rajasthan. The Rajasthani chilly varieties, especially from the state's Gondal and Jodhpur
regions are popular not only in the country but also appeal to the taste buds of the Indian
Diaspora abroad.
Rajasthan is the largest procedure of Coriander and Cumin, and second largest producer of chilli
and Garlic. The special quality and special flavor of Rajasthani spices are generally attributed to
the favorable climatic conditions and natural production methods being used here for ages.
Rajasthan has the distinction of producing 17 of the total 60 varieties of Indian spices. Spices
production in Rajasthan is as follows given in the table below:
S. No. Commodity Qty(MT) 1 Chilli 14865 2 Ginger 459 3 Termeric 234 4 Coriander 219077 5 Cumin seed 114925 6 Ajwain 12596 7 Garlic 186441 8 Fennel(saunf) 26201 9 Methi 94182
Total 668980 Table 3.1: Production of Condiments and Spices in Year 2010-11
Figure 3.2: Spices taste of Rajasthan
3.2.1 District wise production of Spices are as follows given in the table below:
CONDIMENTS & SPICES PRODUCTION (2010-11)
(IN M.T.)
CHILLIES GINGER TERMERIC CORIANDER
CUMIN
SEED AJWAIN GARLIC
FENNEL
(SAUNF) METHI OTHERS TOTAL
# DISTRICT 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
1 AJMER 530 0 0 169 2235 12 13 100 198 -- 3257
2 ALWAR 456 0 0 82 0 0 2 1 938 -- 1479
3 BANSWARA 142 0 0 0 0 4 3 0 10 -- 159
4 BARAN 122 33 2 86179 1 0 42310 0 272 -- 128919
5 BARMER 47 0 0 0 28410 0 0 0 330 -- 28787
6 BHARATPUR 706 0 0 14 0 0 0 13 13 -- 746
7 BHILWARA 1044 0 0 9 405 265 1164 93 207 -- 3187
8 BIKANER 2 0 0 23 1171 0 0 6 15081 -- 16283
9 BUNDI 112 0 113 2253 2 2 2449 3 4014 -- 8948
10 CHITTORGARH 155 0 24 2054 137 8981 26038 0 4104 -- 41493
11 CHURU 0 0 0 19 444 0 0 0 7302 -- 7765
12 DAUSA 78 0 0 3 0 2 0 5228 22 -- 5333
13 DHOLPUR 316 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 0 -- 324
14 DUNGARPUR 80 144 0 2 1 0 30 221 13 -- 491
15 GANGANAGAR 50 0 0 7 0 0 1148 0 59 -- 1264
16 HANUMANGARH 104 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 168 -- 292
17 JAIPUR 552 0 0 54 121 6 54 74 3622 -- 4483
18 JAISALMER 9 0 0 10 8254 8 0 0 143 -- 8424
19 JALORE 893 0 0 8 27030 97 5 413 531 -- 28977
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3.2.1 District wise production of Spices are as follows given in the table below:
CONDIMENTS & SPICES PRODUCTION (2010-11)
(IN M.T.)
CHILLIES GINGER TERMERIC CORIANDER
CUMIN
SEED AJWAIN GARLIC
FENNEL
(SAUNF) METHI OTHERS TOTAL
20 JHALAWAR 455 0 0 69683 0 22 20552 0 2226 -- 92938
21 JHUNJHUNU 228 0 0 4 0 0 930 1 9184 -- 10347
22 JODHPUR 876 0 0 237 25379 10 4952 845 6210 -- 38509
23 KARAULI 300 0 0 55 1 0 0 38 8 -- 402
24 KOTA 67 0 0 57307 0 120 68544 0 10826 -- 136864
25 NAGAUR 346 0 0 7 15153 437 222 11116 4916 -- 32197
26 PALI 261 0 0 60 3896 4 15 491 1432 -- 6159
27 PRATAPGARH 116 0 0 65 8 1558 17376 0 7009 -- 26132
28 RAJSAMAND 269 0 0 34 1 739 336 0 223 -- 1602
29 S.MADHOPUR 4759 0 0 297 0 0 38 1799 1277 -- 8170
30 SIKAR 35 0 0 20 9 0 91 0 13674 -- 13829
31 SIROHI 82 0 0 3 1248 2 13 3619 27 -- 4994
32 TONK 1164 0 0 371 974 21 2 2135 19 -- 4686
33 UDAIPUR 509 282 95 48 45 306 131 0 124 -- 1540
RAJ. STATE 14865 459 234 219077 114925 12596 186441 26201 94182 0 668980
Table 3.3: Spices Production in MT (2010-11)
3.3 Medicinal Plants:
Rajasthan cultivation of medicinal plants and the
development of medicinal plants arboretum has been
taken up in a few PFFCS for the extension of the
cultivation know how among the farmers.
Alovera is a herbal medicinal plant which is best suitably cultivated in physio-geographical
conditions of Rajasthan. Kota Division is the main centre for the production of Ashwagandha
(Withania somnilfera) , a medicinal plant mainly grown in Kota, Bundi and Jhalawar districts of
the division. Marketing of this medicinal plant has also been started in Ramganjmandi from
January 2008.
Majorly Isfagul is produced in Rajasthan. Total production of Isfagul in Rajasthan is 113760 MT
in 2010-11. GUWAR SEED production is 1540544 which is the largest processing commodity in
Rajasthan. The production details of Isfagul, Guwar Seed & Mehandi (Heena) Is As Follows:
3.3.1 Medicinal Plants PRODUCTION (2010-11) , (IN M.T.) # DISTRICT
ISFAGUL TOTAL GUWAR SEED MEHANDI (HEENA)
1 AJMER 18 18 5471 3
2 ALWAR 1 203 23806 0
3 BANSWARA 0 0 398 0
4 BARAN 0 0 0 0
5 BARMER 19621 19621 142931 0
6 BHARATPUR 0 0 4338 0
7 BHILWARA 27 38 4898 10
8 BIKANER 2085 2085 403368 0
9 BUNDI 1 1 449 0
10 CHITTORGARH 1402 1420 1646 0
11 CHURU 2639 2639 94720 0
12 DAUSA 0 70 6246 0
13 DHOLPUR 0 0 303 0
14 DUNGARPUR 0 0 1366 0
Figure 2.36: Alovera
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# DISTRICT ISFAGUL TOTAL GUWAR SEED MEHANDI (HEENA)
15 GANGANAGAR 5 5 163816 0
16 HANUMANGARH 2 2 216723 0
17 JAIPUR 6 18 40809 0
18 JAISALMER 9791 9791 127179 0
19 JALORE 21962 22067 33375 0
20 JHALAWAR 110 110 0 0
21 JHUNJHUNU 5 257 40543 0
22 JODHPUR 30010 30016 84512 802
23 KARAULI 0 56 742 0 24 KOTA
0 0 0 0 25 NAGAUR
23791 23791 35535 0 26 PALI
930 930 33441 16821 27 PRATAPGARH
839 839 29 0 28 RAJSAMAND
1 60 2010 0 29 S.MADHOPUR
0 0 735 0 30 SIKAR
414 414 50001 0 31 SIROHI
97 97 7608 0 32 TONK
1 1 1428 0 33 UDAIPUR
2 2 12118 0 RAJ. STATE
113760 114551 1540544 17636
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Figure 4.1: Animal Husbandry
4. Animal Husbandry Animal Husbandry is a major economic activity, especially in the
arid and semi-arid regions of the State. This sector plays a vital role
in the rural economy of the State and has significant impact on
employment generation for marginal, sub-marginal and landless
farmers. “Livestock development policy”, has been formulated for
the welfare of farmers.
In this regards efforts have been made and “Rajiv Gandhi Mission on Agriculture and Animal
Husbandry” has been established for the purpose. As per the livestock census of 2007, there are
566.63 lakh animals and 49.94 lakh poultry in the State. The western districts of the state are
famous for indigenous cattle breed.
Animal husbandry is a more stable source of livelihood than farming since it is less affected by
failure of rains than is agriculture. Rajasthan is having third position in livestock population in
India and boasts of some of the finest breeds of camel, horse and other cattle breeds. It
contributes about 10% of national production of milk, 30% of mutton and over 40% of wool.
Animal Husbandry contributes about 13% to the G.D.P. of the State. Rajasthan has approx 7% of
the country’s cattle population and contributes over 11% of the total milk production, 30% of the
mutton and 40% wool produced in the country. Rajasthan stand first in wool production and third
in milk production in India.
Livestock and poultry have been the life saviours, in many distress conditions, especially in cases
of drought etc., for the rural poor. This sector has a great potential for rural self-employment at
the lowest possible investment per unit. Therefore, livestock development is a critical pathway to
rural prosperity.
The important breeds of cattle traded in the state are Rathi, Kankrej, Nagour, Tharparkar,
Haryana, Malvi, Gir, Sanchori and Mehwati. Regarding buffalo breed. Murrah buffalo is the
only preferred breed found in Rajasthan. Sheep also occupy an important place in animal
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husbandry sector of the state. The important breeds of sheep are, Nali, Magra, Chokla or
Shekhavati, Marwadi, Jaisalmeri, Malpuri, Sonari or Chanother, Pugal and Bagdi.
The important goat breeds in the State are Jamnapari, Badwari, Alwari and Sirohi breeds, which
are reared for milk and meat, Lohi, and Jhalwadi breeds are mainly for meat purpose. Rajasthan
has the monopoly in breeding camels, Alwari; Bikaneri, Kachi and Jaisalmeri breeds are
considered as the best breeds of camels.
The livestock as per last Rajasthan animal census -2007 is as follows:
Species 1992 1997 2003 2007
in million
1. Cattle 116.7 122 108.5 124.1
2. Buffalo 77.75 97.56 104.5 115.4
3. Sheep 124.9 143.1 100.3 112.8
4. Goats 152.9 169.4 168.1 218.8
5. Camel 7.46 6.68 4.98 4.3
6. Pigs 2.53 3.03 3.37 2.18
7. Others 2.29 2.13 1.92 1.34
Total 484.5 543.9 491.7 579
Poultry 30.13 43.81 61.34 50.12
Table 4.1: Livestock in Rajasthan (Year 1992- Year 2007)(in million)
Source: Eighteenth Livestock Census
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5. Dairy & Dairy Products: The main livestock products are milk, eggs and meat. While the population of cattle is going up
in the state, the milk production is also increased. According to the latest census, there has been a
increase of 11 per cent and 15 per cent in the buffalo and cow population, respectively, in the
state and the milk production has increased by 7.61 per cent. At present, 85 per cent of the cow
population is cross-bred and has the highest average milk production per day as compared to
other states.
S. No. Product Quantity 2011-2012 Quantity 2010-2011 Increase/ Decrease
1 Milk 5658 lakh litres 5256 lakh litres +7.61%
2 Eggs 45.23 Crores 42.80 Crores +5.66 %
3 Meat 69 (000 Tonnes) 67.84 (000 Tonnes) +1.71
Table 2.15: Livestock Products Production 2010-2011
Agriculture and dairying have always been inter-dependent in the state. The growth of dairy
industry with the milk production increasing to more than triple in the last few decades has been
commendable achievement and well recognized.
5.1 Dairy Development
The Dairy Development Programme in Rajasthan is being implemented through Cooperative
Societies. Under this programme upto December, 2011, 12,478 Primary Dairy Cooperative
Societies have been affiliated with 21 District Milk Producers Cooperative Unions spread over in
33 districts of the State and a State level Apex Body, ‘Rajasthan Cooperative Dairy Federation
(RCDF) Limited, Jaipur.
With financial assistance under various schemes and own resources, the installed milk handling
capacity of District Milk Union Plants have been increased to 15.50 lakh litres per day. In the
financial year 2010-11, all the affiliated milk Unions of RCDF have procured milk at an average
of 14.98 lakh kg. per day. Presently, more than 6.70 lakh milk producers are involved in Co-
operative based dairy development programme and are receiving round the year remuneration for
milk.
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The key activities in Dairy Development Sector have been given in the following table:
Activity Unit Qty. 2011-12
(upto December, 2011)
Milk Procurement Lakh Kg. 4,118
Milk Marketing Lakh Lt. 4,322
Cattle Feed Sale (Milk Union) 000’ MT 133
Revived Societies Number 488
New Societies Number 141
Artificial and Natural Insemination 000’ Number 467
Table 5.1: Key Activities in Dairy Development Source: Source: 18th livestock census
RCDF is providing nutritious cattle feed. In the year 2011-12 upto December, 2011, 1.60 lakh
MT cattle feed has been produced and 1.70 lakh MT supplied to the milk producers of the State.
Dairy Federation is also producing value added products like Ghee, Butter, Cheese, milk powder,
curd, flavored milk, Ice-cream etc.
5.1.1 Dairies in Rajasthan: Dairy Development Program in Rajasthan is being implemented on the lines of world famous
‘Amul Pattern’ based on cooperation. Under this program, 9,951 Primary Dairy Cooperative
Societies (PDCS) have been registered and affiliated with District Dairy Unions. The Rajasthan
Co-operative Dairy Federation, even without any financial assistance in the recent years,
continued its successful journey with an ever growing membership of 6.40 lakh milk producers
with more than 23 percent growth in their economic status.
Dairy Development Program S. No. Item Unit 2009-10 2010-11
1 Dairy Co-operative Societies No. 8385 8874 2 Membership No. 555758 597661 3 Milk Procurement (a) Flush Lakh Lt per day 17.44 17.4 (b) Lean Lakh Lt per day 10.95 14.82 4 Diary Co-operative Societies Covered under animal health No. 6172 6547 5 Emergency Units No. 30 31 (a) Diary Co- operative Societies
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Dairy Development Program
S. No. Item Unit 2009-10 2010-11 under A.I. Facilities No. 1844 2071 (b) A.I. Performed No. 219890 258382 6 Balance cattle feed sold M.T. 233335 240102 7 Fodder Seed sold Qtls. 6092 6528 8 D.C.S. Covered under No. 6172 6547 Animal Health 9 No. of Mobile Unit No. 1 2
Table 5.2: Dairy Development Program (2010-11) Source: Source: 18th livestock census
The Dairy Cooperative Network (As on March 2011)
• includes 177 milk unions and operates in over 346 districts
• Covers around 1,28,799 village level societies is owned by around 13.4 million farmer
members of which 3.7 million were women.
Brand: Saras
No. of Cooperative Unions 16
No. of Dairy plants 15
Capacity: 1,425 Thousand Litres per Day
Milk Product Range:
Pure Ghee Shrikhand Flavoured Milk Tetra Pack Milk Cheese Paneer Lassi SMP WMP Dairy Whitener Table Butter White Butter Dahi Shrikhand Ice Cream Rasgulla Chhach Khoa / Mawa Peda Kalakand Table 5.3: Milk Product Range
The demand for Saras milk (Brand name of RCDF Products) and milk products also grew by 40
percent in a wide range of milk products. District Dairy Unions, with their own financial
resources have increased their installed milk handling capacity from 9 lakh litres to 15.30 lakh
litres per day.
Rajasthan is showing very robust growth in the production of milk and contributing the nation in
a very big way as it is observed from above table that Rajasthan is ranked number two than its
neighbor states.
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The growth of Rajasthan’s milk production from 2007-08 to 2011-12 is more than 16%.
Production which was 4531 Laks Lt. in 2007-08, it is increased to 5256 Laks Lt. in 2011-12. In
Rajasthan more than 40 dairies are there to collect that milk, among them some prominent are
Jaipur Dairy, lotus dairy and Milk boy etc.
5.2 Co-operative Credit Structure:
At present, 31 Central Cooperative Banks, 21 Milk Unions, 35 Upbhokta Wholesale Bhandars,
36 Primary Land Development Banks, 5,577 Primary Agriculture Credit Co-operative Societies,
and 257 General Kraya-Vikraya and Fruit & Vegetable Kraya Vikrya Sahakari Samities, a total
of about 30,634 Cooperative societies are registered in the State.
5.2.1 Cooperative marketing structure: There are Kraya Vikraya Samities at every Mandi yard
in the State and at apex level RAJFED is also functional. They are working to make available
high yielding variety of Seeds, Fertilizers and Pesticides to the farmers on fair prices and also
ensuring fair prices to the farmers for their crops. During the year 2011-12, upto December, 2011
Cooperative Marketing Socities have marketed consumer goods, agricultural inputs and
agricultural Produce of ` 416.43 crore, Rs. 495.75 crore and Rs. 193.53 crore respectively.
5.2.2 Cooperative consumer structure: In order to protect consumers from black marketing
and artificial scarcity of commodities and also maintaining the public distribution properly, Co-
operative Institutions have been functioning effectively. For this 34 Cooperative Wholesale
Bhandars and Rajasthan Rajya Sahkari Upbhokta Sangh Ltd. (CONFED) as apex institution is
working in consumer sector.
During the year 2011-12 upto December, 2011 consumer goods of worth Rs. 300.00 crore has
been sold against the target of Rs. 533.36 crore. At the level of Gram Seva Sahkari Samities, 491
Mini Uphar Super Markets have also been opened. To make Generic Medicines available, 451
Drug distribution centres are functioning under ‘Mukhya Mantri Nishulk Dawa Vitran Yojana’
by 43 cooperative societies.
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5.2.3 Women Co-operative Societies: For the upliftment of women and bringing them into the
mainstream of development, particularly women of weaker sections, 2,462 Women Cooperative
Societies with 1,24,381 members have been constituted. A Ridhi-Sidhi Scheme is also functional
to make women self dependent.
5.2.4 Co-operative Dwelling: Under this, individual loans are being provided through Rajasthan
Cooperative Housing Federation (RCHF) for building construction, repairs & maintenance and
fulfilling the dream of building their own houses. Two schemes namely; Individual Housing
Scheme & Baby Blanket Scheme are being implemented. In RCHF, there are 1,344 Housing
Cooperative Societies with 5,580 nominal members. RCHF has been provided ` 108.60 lakh as
share capital by State Government. Its total share capital is ` 253.14 lakh.
5.2.5 Co-operative Processing: Three Spinning Mills at Gulabpura, Gangapur (Bhilwara) and
Hanumangarh are operating for benefitting cotton producers and weavers. Tilam Sangh is also
functioning in the State for enhancing oil seed production and providing edible oil to consumers
at reasonable prices. Seed production programme is being implemented at Kota, Fatehnagar,
Bikaner and Sri Ganganagar. 6,644 warehouses have been developed to increase the storage
capacity of institutions of the cooperative sector.
Cooperative Press and Training Centre are also functional in the cooperative sector.
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6. Poultry Industry In Rajasthan poultry industry has developed to a good scale, it produces 1.5 millions eggs per
day compared to 2.5 million eggs in Karnataka, 2.5 million in Gujarat, 4.5 million eggs in
Madhya Pradesh, and 1.5 million eggs in Orissa. There are only five egg powder plants in India
which is grossly insufficient for growing export demand of egg powders, such as whole egg,
yolk and albumin.
The key export markets for Indian egg powder are EU and Japan which account for 56% and
22% of Indian exports respectively. Indian egg powder has significant growth potential given the
countries cost competitiveness in this area. The industry is growing rapidly at a rate of about
10% per annum.
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7. Honey and Bee Keeping
Honey production in the state is now popularizing and the table below gives the number of bee
colonies and promoted by farmers with the crops:
S. No. District No. of Bee Colonies
No. of Bee Hives/ Equipment
Crop
1 Bharatpur 2000 2000 Mustard, Citrus, Ber,
Mango, Guava, Arhar,
Cucurbits, Dhaincha,
Neem
2 Karauli 1500 1500
3 S. Madhopur 1000 1000
4 Chittorgarh 700 700
5 Alwar 500 500
6 Kota 1500 1500
7 Jaipur 200 200
8 Ganganagar 1500 1500
9 Baran 500 500
10 Sirohi 300 300
11 Bhilwara 300 300
Total 10000 10000 Table 7.1: Honey and Bee Keeping
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8. Fisheries
There is about 4.23 lakh hectares of water area for fishing (excluding rivers & canals in 0.87 lakh
hectares) in the form of major, medium reservoirs (3.29 lakh hectares), small tanks & ponds
(0.94 lakh hectares). Fishery activities, opportunity of employment is made available to the poor
rural youths. During the year 2011-12 upto December, 2011, 11,500 MT of fish and 438.68
million fish seed were produced.
Rajasthan, although a land of desert and sand dunes, has an estimated 3.30 lakh hectares of water
area for fishing in form of major, medium reservoirs (1.20 lakh ha.), tanks & ponds (1.80 lakh
ha.), and rivers & canals (0.30. lakh ha.).
Water bodies are being developed by stocking of quality fish seed and conservation of fish stock.
These are leased out for fish production to earn revenue for the State.
Water bodies are being developed by stocking of quality fish seed and conservation of fish stock.
These are leased out for fish production to earn revenue for the State. During the year 2011-12
upto December, 2011, revenue of Rs. 1,222.56 lakh was earned by leasing out water bodies.
Progress of Fisheries in Rajasthan S.No. Items 2011-12 upto December, 2011
1 Fish Seed Production Fry and Fingerlings 438.68 million
2 Fish Produced 11,500 MT
3 Income Rs. 1,222.56 lakh Table 8.1: Progress of Fisheries in Rajasthan Source: Eighteenth Livestock Census
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9. Floriculture India is the second largest producer of flowers after China. Floricultural crops is concentrated in
Eights States comprising Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Maharashtra,
Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi. India’s Cut flower exports account for only 1%
of the world’s business in fresh Cut flowers. It has been found that commercial floriculture has
higher potential per unit area than most of the field crops and is, therefore, a lucrative business.
At present due to the advancement of scientific techniques in flower cultivation there is a
tremendous impetus to the growth of commercial floriculture in India.
Roses from Rajasthan have traditionally been used for fragrance, essence, rose water, and other
edible products. Rose cultivation has good potential in the Udaipur, Puskar and Haldighati
(Rajastmand district) areas, and 1985 ha. Land is used for Flower Production in Rajasthan.
Roses from Rajasthan are spreading across the world. There is a rose market at Ajmer which is a
centre point for export to foreign countries. In the area around Pushkar in Ajmer, a large number
of roses are cultivated and the petals are used for fragrance, essence, rose water, and other edible
products. A large quantity of roses is regularly sent from Pushkar and Ajmer to other parts of the
country.
In view of the unorganized set up, it is difficult to estimate the size of flower trade, both in terms
of volume and value. It is in the period of the last five years or so that this business has really
boomed, which is reflected in the number of new florist outlets in all cities and increase in the
public’s purchase of flowers as gifts. This would put the current trade at several times the earlier
estimate.
The production of Rose is estimated to be nearly 300,000 metric tonnes of loose flowers and
over 500 million cut flowers with stem in Pushkar, all these roses are of either red pink or yellow
colour. Maximum export of roses from Pushkar to other Indian states and abroad is in the form
of cut flowers or petals. Delhi, Surat and Kandwa are major buyers of rose from Pushkar.
Floricultural economy in Rajasthan has shifted to consumer-driven enterprises, rather producer-
driven economy.
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In this scenario of consumer-driven market, producer of all sizes have to focus on marketing with
lookout for brands to boost their sales. Growers have to look for niches and value-added
products. There is a trend for direct marketing besides marketing, through super markets and
wholesale markets. Business management is becoming important in this scenario of global
competition.
Marketing of cut flowers is unorganised at present as in other states of India; flowers are brought
to wholesale markets, which mostly operate in open yards. A few large flower merchants
generally buy most of the produce and distribute them to local retail outlets after significant mark
up. The retail florist shops also usually operate in the open on-road sides, with different flowers
arranged in large buckets. In the metros, however, there are some good florist show rooms,
where flowers are kept in controlled temperature conditions, with considerable attention to value
added service.
The packaging and transportation of flowers from the production centres to the wholesale
markets at present is very unscientific. The flowers, depending on the kind, are packed in old
gunny bags, bamboo baskets, simple cartons or just wrapped in old newspapers and transported
to markets by road, rail or by air. The mode of transportation depends on the distance to the
markets and the volume. Mostly, flowers are harvested in the evening time and transported to
nearby cities by overnight trains or buses.
Breeding of high yield and fragrance varieties with proper processing packaging marketing and
transportation is necessary. The Government must undertake a study to work out research and
other requirements for distillation and re-distillation processes. Marketing arrangements through
formation of suitable clusters are to be developed to ensure good returns to the producers.
Development of a Rose market in Ajmer should be speeded up by Government of Rajasthan.
With the growing competitiveness, floriculture units in Rajasthan (Ajmer and Udaipur) have
been facing several constraints and with redressal of the problems, the sector may turn to be
viable enterprise for earning foreign exchange.
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Assistance to the farmers by providing technical know-how, planting materials, creating pre and
post harvest and marketing infrastructure through various schemes and research are the main
requirement for development of this sector with following other steps will immensely benefit the
entrepreneurs engaged on floriculture in state:
• Streamlining of export/import regulation, and provision of in house quarantine
certification.
• Creation of infrastructure for export like fleet of refrigerated trucks, cold storage at
airports and pre-cooling facilities etc.
• Development and enforcement of quality standards.
• Allocation of guaranteed cargo space.
• Incentives to flower exporters-freight subsidy & cash compensatory system.
• Extensive international marketing and promotional support.
• Simplifying export document and billing procedures.
• Extending insurance coverage to include delayed delivery.
• Establishment of separate export promotion council on floriculture produces.
• Collaboration or market linkages with DFC (Dubai Flower Centre)
No doubt floriculture has acquired a special status in the basket of Rajasthan’s export
commodities. The sector is still in a nascent stage of development and accounts for a negligible
share in the total exports form Rajasthan. However, the sector has attracted attention of the major
giants from both within the country and overseas market. As a result, over the years, there has
been a mushroom growth of floricultural units in Rajasthan specially in Puskar (Ajmer). The
industry thus offers tremendous potential for boosting exports of floriculture and floriculture
products and the same are set to make a breakthrough in the near future.
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10. Organic Farming
The state has already started organic farming and has established a sizable presence.
Strength:
� Capitalize on the naturally growing organic produce
� Linked with Internal Control System & Certification
� Began in 2008-09 – 466 ha area, 825 ha in 2010-11 & 1290 Area (ha) in 2011-12
However, it lacks standards for organic production and processing established by any state
Accreditation Agencies for specific crops in accordance with the National Standards for Organic
Products.
Accreditation means Registration by the National Accreditation Body for certifying organic
farms, products and processes as per the National Standards for Organic Products and as per the
guidelines of the National Accreditation Policy and Programme for organic products.
There is an urgent need to start State Programme for Organic Production to provide an
institutional mechanism for the implementation of National Standards for Organic Production,
through a State Accreditation Policy and Programme. The aims of the State Programme for
organic production, inter alia, should include the following:
(a) To provide the means of evaluation of certification programmes for organic agriculture
and products as per the approved criteria.
(b) To accredit certification programmes
(c) To facilitate certification of organic products in conformity to the National Standards
for Organic Products.
(d) To encourage the development of organic farming and organic processing
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11. Existing Infrastructure Rajasthan's vibrant agriculture sector offers various opportunities for the successful
establishment of vibrant and potentially profitable agro-processing units. The rich basket of cash
crops, fruits and vegetables with potential for value addition offers opportunity in development
of common facilities like quality testing labs, cold storages, cold chains and packaging houses,
and in setting up of private markets, consumer-farmer markets, and modern terminal markets.
Rajasthan has easy access through the corridor between the wealthy northern and the prosperous
western states of India which enables it to provide quick and low-cost access to the two largest
consumer markets in the country.
Rajasthan also provides passage between the ports on the western coastline and the landlocked
states in the north. Rajasthan touches 6 major states of northern, western and central India ―
Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Delhi ― giving direct access to
an aggregate market of about 330 million people.
11.1 State Warehousing
The main activity of the Rajasthan State Warehousing Corporation (RSWC) is to build godowns
and warehouses in the State for scientific storage of agricultural produces, seeds, manures,
fertilizers, agricultural implements and other notified commodities of the farmers, co-operative
societies, traders, government and other institutions. The authorized share capital of the
Corporation is Rs. 800.00 lakh and paid-up share capital is Rs. 785.26 lakh.
The Corporation is operating 90 warehouses in 31 districts of the State with total storage
capacity of 7.88 lakh MT as on December, 2011 and its utilization of the storage capacity is 92
per cent. The Corporation is providing 70 per cent, 60 per cent and 10 per cent rebate for storage
charges respectively to SC/ST farmers, other farmers and co-operative societies, which is highest
as compared to all other State Warehousing Corporations and Central Warehousing Corporation.
In the year 2010-11 the Corporation has constructed 21,150 MT storage capacity. In the year
2011-12, warehouses with storage capacity of 44,440 MT are under construction.
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The Corporation has initiated a pledged loan scheme to provide loan assistance to the farmers of
75 per cent value of their agriculture produce i.e. Mustard, Coriander, Soyabean, Wheat,
Taramira, Linseed, Sesamum, Gwar, Methi, Cuminseed and Isabgol stored by them in the
warehouses. Initially, the normal term of pledged loan was 90 days extendable in special
circumstances upto 150 days. This term of pledge loan has been increased from 90 days to 180
days and thereafter in special circumstances to 270 days on penal interest. In order to attract the
farmers, the rate of interest has been reduced from 16 per cent to 12 per cent.
11.2 Agro Food Parks: Agro Food parks are useful to provide support to small & medium entrepreneurs to reduce in
capital intensive facilities, such as cold storage, warehouse, quality control labs, effluent
treatment plant etc. Assistance for development of these as common facilities can make the
cluster of food processing units, not only become more cost competitive, but also have a better
market orientation.
These parks if planned in the right spirit, can provide support to ensure a better return to the
growers and farmers of agriculture and horticulture produce, avoid wastage of primary
agricultural-horticultural produce in all stages namely pre-harvest including transport and
storage, following are the other advantages of Park:
1. To make available well balanced and nutritious processed food products to the people;
2. To tap the full potential of the rich bio-diversity of the state;
3. Augment exports of both primary and processed food products
4. To encourage technology up- gradation in all stages of food production.
5. To encourage farmers enterprise in all aspects of policy implementation
At present there are four Agro food parks in Rajasthan these are in Kota, Jodhpur, Sri
Ganganagar and Alwar. These parks are developed by RIICO with the view to provide backward
and forward linkage with a market oriented approach, lowering the cost of production through
economies of scale.
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Kota Coriander, Fenugreek, Aonla, Mandarin, Garlic, Potatoes, Tomato
Jodhpur Cumin, Chilli, Garlic, Onion, Ber, Pomegranate, Aonla, Sonamukhi, Mehandi, Isabgol
Ganganagar Kinnow, Orange, Aromatic grasses
Alwar Chilli, citrus Aonla, Capsicum
Table 11.1: Agro Food Park and agri produce likely for processing
Figure 11.1 : Existing Agro Food Parks in Rajasthan
Common facilities which are planned to be developed in these parks are:
� Well developed industrial infrastructure
� Power & Water Supply in the area
� Cold Storage
� Warehousing
� Mini market yards at Kota and Alwar
� Quality control and testing laboratory
� Common effluent treatment plant
� Solid waste disposal facilities
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However most of the places out of the above facilities only partial work have been completed so
far, thus the required investment has not come and in most of the parks hardly 40 to 50% of the
units only have started their units.
a. Agro Food Park: Kota (Ranpur) Agriculture is the predominant activity of Kota. The major crops grown in the districts are
mustard, soybean, wheat, gram and coriander. Due to the substantial agriculture production,
many agro-based industries, oilseeds processing, pulse making, flour and bakery making, rice
making units has been developed to provide strength to these exiting and upcoming units a Agro
food park has been set up in Kota. The total Area of this Agro food park is 139.80 acres in 1st ph.
and 99.50 acres in 2nd phase with total number of plots 151 in 1st phase and 155 in 2nd phase.
Agro Food Park Kota
Location Located on Jaipur-Jabalpur NH 12 at a distance of 19 km from Kota
Railway Station
Area 139.80 acres in 1st ph. and 99.50 acres in 2nd phase
Transportation Well connected by three modes of transport, i.e. road, railways and
air network.
Bus Stand Central Bus Stand Kota: 13 km
Airport Kota Airport: 10 km
Intra-city transport Bus, Auto, Taxi
Distances from major
cities
Delhi: 489 km
Jaipur: 260 km
Mumbai: 998 km
Plots in the area Type Area 151 in 1st phase and 155 in 2nd phase No. of plots
Inland Container Depot
(ICD)
Central Warehousing Corporation's ICD at Kota
Water Supply Ample amount of groundwater available. RIICO has its own water
supply network.
Power Supply 33 KV S/S installed in the area.
Telecom facility Basic telephony service provider: BSNL
Services available: Mobile/WLL/STD/ISD/Internet
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Social infrastructure Police Chowki located at a distance of 3 km at Jagpura. Fire fighting
station located at a distance of 10 km.
All leading Banks, Post Office and Hospitals located nearby.
Housing colonies, shopping centres, hotels, cinema halls located in a
periphery of 10 km.
Educational Institutions Medical college, Engineering college, PostGraduate college,
Management Institute, Polytechnic and ITI located in Kota city.
Schools affiliated to major boards also available. In recent past Kota
has become country's major hub for pre-medical/engineering
coaching centres.
Prominent industries in
and around the area
DSCL, Instrumentation Ltd., Multi Metal Ind., Bedala Flour Mill,
Kota Dairy, Rajasthan Telematics Limited, Rajasthan hybrid
Limited, Tilam Sangh Oil Mill, Dolson Container, Ruchi Soya Ind.
Table 11.2: Agro Food Park Kota Source: www.riico.com
b. Agro Food Park: Boranada, Jodhpur: This is second Agro Park in Rajastahn with area of
193.54 Acre in 1st phase and 66.24 acres in 2nd phase and Total number of plots are 233 in
1st phase and 78 in 2nd phase.
Agro Food Park Jodhpur
Location Agro Food Park, Boranada
Area Area under scheme - 193.54 acres
Transportation infrastructure
Bus Stand Main Bus Stand at Jodhpur - 20 Km
Airport At Jodhpur - 20 Km
Inter-city transport City Bus services are available
Distance from major cities Jaipur-340 KM, Delhi-689 KM, Agra-688 KM
& Ahmedabad-601 KM
Inland Container Depot (ICD) Available at S/G, Pal & Jodhpur
Water Supply Proposed through RIICO
Power Supply Proposed through JVVNLtd, Jodhpur
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Telecom facility Proposed through BSNL/Private Telecom
Social infrastructure RIICO Residential colony, Bank etc.
Educational Institutions Educational facilities like - Schools, Engineering
Colleges, Law University, Ayurvedic University
Medical College, General Universities etc. are
available.
Prominent industries in and around the
area
Handicrafts, Flour Mills & Mineral Industries.
Table 11.3: Agro Food Park Jodhpur Source: www.riico.com
c. Agro Food Park: Sriganganagar : It is the third agro park with are of 81.14 acres at
Sriganganagar. Total number of plots are 77, details are as follows:
Agro Food Park, Sriganganagar Location Udyog Vihar, Sriganganagar
Area 81.14 Acre
Transportation infrastructure
Bus Stand Sriganganagar at 12 Km
Airport Nearst Airpot Chandirgarh at 350 Kms, Jaipur at 480 Km
Intra-city transport Taxi- Car, Rickshaw and Auto Rickshaw
Distances from major cities 400 Kms from Delhi
480 Kms from Jaipur
350 Kms from Chandigarh
Inland Container Depot (ICD) Nearset ICD Depot. Ludhiana, (Distance 350 Km)
Jaipur (Distance 480 Km )
Jodhpur (Distance 500 Km)
Water Supply Gang Canal water with filtration facility
Power Supply 132 KV GSS available within area
Telecom facility 1000 Line Telecom exchange at 2KM
BSNL & Reliance Cellular Service towers
Social Infrastructure Recreation clubs at Sriganganagar
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Picture Halls at Sriganganagar.
Lions & Rotary Clubs at Sriganganagar
Educational Institutions Senior Secondary School at 1 Km with Hostal Facility
Post graduate Level College at Sriganganagar.
Dental College at Sriganganagar.
Table 11.4: Udyog Vihar, Sriganganagar d. Agro Food Park: Alwar Alwar Agro food park is fourth agro –park with area of 185.94 acres it is located in Matsya
Industrial Area, Alwar. It has 201 plots, size ranging between 1000 to 8000 sq.m.
Agro Food Park, Alwar
1. Location : Matsya Industrial Area, Alwar
2. Area : 185.94 Acre
3. Transportation infrastructure
Bus Stand Alwar at 15 Km Delhi & Jaipur both
Airport Nearest Airport 150 Kms
Intra-city transport Taxi-car, Rickshaw and Auto Rickshaw
4. Distances form major cities : 150 Kms From Delhi
150 Kms from Jaipur
Table 11.5: Agro Food Park, Alwar
11.3 : Agro Export Zones: To promote agri commodities exports, Agri Export Zones have been planned by state
Government mainly for spices :
AEZ for Coriander AEZ for Cumin
Kota Baran Jhalawar Bundi Chittorgarh
Barmer Jalore Jodhpur Nagaur Pali
Table 11.6: Agri Export Zones
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11.4 Agro Logistic Park: Kalptaru (Shree Shubham Logistics Limited) has taken initiative in Rajasthan and planned to
open 41 Agri logistic parks across India out of which seven agro logistic parks will be opened in
Rajasthan. The Agri Logistic Parks, with a storage capacity of around 20000 metric tons each,
have been planned to accommodate facilities such as processing, certification, dry and cold
storage, auction yard funding etc. for the agri commodities.
These warehouses will provide world class storage facilities in Rajasthan and it is spread over 4
lacs square feet with a capacity of 20000 metric tonnes. At Jodhpur ALP, this park is providing
produce arrives, facilities like weighing services, & certification, fumigation, storage, cleaning,
processing, packaging, an auction yard along with amenities for exports are available under one
roof. Four agri logistics parks have already become operational at Merta, Sriganganagar, and
Bikaner in Rajasthan.
These services are oriented to encompass the Agri Commodity Value Chain through farmer,
trader, banks and all corporate. These ware houses are positioned to provide infrastructural,
operational, documentation, sourcing, processing, and technical & certification support to
customers.
These logistics parks are being designed for:
� Operating / Functional efficiency
� Increase in our customer's efficiency and productivity
� Designs that lead by example
� Internal roads to provide for space for free movement of trucks. They are properly
marked/ specified, maintained and policed to avoid congestion.
� Secure and Safe
� Proper labeling/ Signages of the various buildings, blocks and places facilitate movement
of vehicles, men and material.
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11.4.1 Facilities and Amenities
• Warehouses of world class Pre-Engineered structures • Insulation on roof and walls to reduce heat conduction • Auction yard space • Associated staff & driver facilities
Phase 1 Location Storage Type Capacity in MT Commodity
Mertha Dry Storage 17500 Multi Commodity
Sri Ganganagar Dry Storage 25000 Guar Gum, Guar Seed, Cotton, Mustard, Wheat etc.
Bikaner Dry Storage 20000 Green Gram, Guar Gum, Guar Seed, Ground Nut etc.
Jodhpur Dry Storage 20000 Guar Gum, Guar Seed, Cumin Seed, Mustard, Sugar, Wheat etc.
Alwar Dry Storage 20000 Mustard
Ramganj Mandi
Cold Storage 6000 Coriander
Dry Storage 6000 Coriander and Pulses
Kota Dry Storage 21000 Mustard, Soya bean, Wheat, Coriander etc.
Jaipur Cold Storage 5000 Multi Commodity
Dry Storage 10000 Multi Commodity
Table 11.7: Agro Logistics Parks in the state
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11.4.2 Prominent Ware houses and Logistics Companies are as follows: Sri Ganganagar Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Khasra No. 12, Village – Netewala, Ganganagar - Suratgarh Highway, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan
Jodhpur Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Village – Salawas, Panchayat – Luni, Jodhpur, Rajasthan
Bikaner Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Opp. Hussainsir Pumping House, Village - Bassi Sez Bardan, Bikaner - Ganganagar Highway, Bikaner, Rajasthan
Cold Storage & Dry Storage warehouse Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Khasra No. 58/2, Desuriya Vishnoiyan, Jodhpur - Nagaur Highway, Jodhpur, Rajasthan Tel – 0291 – 3291960 / 0291 – 5170122
Merta City Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Khasra No. 35 & 36, Village – Saragbasni (Choraha), Merta Road Marg, Merta City, Dist. - Nagour, Rajasthan
Dry Storage warehouse Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Industrial Plot Chak No. 7, Khasra No. 1815/1087, Near Basni Industrial Area, Jodhpur, Rajasthan Tel – 0291 – 5120545 / 0291 – 2771212
Ramganj Mandi Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Khasra No.- 29 & 37, Village – Banda, Tehsil – Ramganj Mandi,
Processing Unit and Dry Storage Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Plot No. E-17, M.I.A. Basni IInd Phase, Jodhpur – 342007, Rajasthan Tel – 0291 – 5120545 / 0291 – 2771212
Alwar Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Khasra No. 155, Near Ashok Leyland, Village – Rundh Dhuninath, Tehsil - Ramgad, Dist. - Alwar, Rajasthan
Dry Storage warehouse Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Khasra No. 1048/740, Near Basni Industrial Area, Jodhpur, Rajasthan Tel – 0291 – 5120545 / 0291 – 2771212
Kota Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Opp. Kota Club House, Kaithoon Road, Village – Kaithoon, Tehsil – Ladpura, Kota, Rajasthan
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11.5 Mandies
Infrastructural facilities like Krishi Upaj Mandi Samities (KUMS) are required for efficient
marketing system and optimum utilization of surplus agricultural produce, so that farmers shall
get remunerative prices for their produce and protection from the exploitation by middle-men
where as the consumers should also be able to obtain the quality produce and its processed
products at the same time also, to enable the consumer to obtain quality produce and processed
products at a reasonable price.
11.5.1 Commodity Specific Markets
Commodity Specific Markets
Commodity Commodity Specific Markets
Commodity
Merta city Cumin Bassi Tomato
Alwar Onion Pushkar Flowers
Ramganjmandi Coriander Bhawanimandi Orange
Chomu Aonla SGNR Kinnow
Chipabarod Garlic Ajmer Flowers
Tonk Chilli Shahpura Tinda
S.Madhopur Guava Sojatcity Mehandi
Jodhpur Cumin Sojatcity Sonamukhi
Bhinmal Isabgol Jhalrapatan Ashwgandha
Table 11.8: Commodity Specific Markets
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11.5.2 Present Status of Mandies in Rajasthan is as follows:
a. Ajmer Division Ajmer Nagaur Tonk
Mandi Ajmer Kekri Madanganj Kishangarh
Didwana Kuchaman City
Merta City
Deoli Malpura Tonk
Population served
1000000 34135 1000000
521000 304236 15000 45000 204362
Area served 224 325 210 273 421 182 63 242 237
Time at which sale begins ( AM)
8 11 9
11 10 10 11 11
Time at which sale ends ( PM)
8 6 5
6 6 6 8 8
Holiday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Tuesday Tuesday Sunday
Market hours 12 12 6 12 16 16 8 12 12
Storage Yes yes Yes no yes yes
yes Yes
Storage capacity
5000 mt NA NA NA NA NA
250 MT 500 MT
No. of cold storage
1 NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA
Commission 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
Market fee 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60%
Table 11.9: Present Status of Mandies in Rajasthan Source: Agmarknet.nic.in
a.1 Distance of Mandis from Their Nearest Railway Station In Ajmer Division
Figure 11.2: Distance of Mandis from Their Nearest Railway Station In Ajmer Division
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In Ajmer Division some mandies are far from railway stations such as Kekri has a distance of 60
Km. from its nearest railway station, Malpura (90 Km.), Deoli (45 Km.), Tonk (35 Km.) but
some mandies are very near to railway stations such as Ajmer (0 Km.), Merta City (2 Km.),
Didwana (5 Km.), Madanganj Kinshangarh (2 Km.) etc. Upcoming Food processing units can be
setup in the approach range of these mandies so that raw material can be easily procured in
minimum time and with low transportation cost and finish goods can be supplied.
b. Jodhpur Division: Jodhpur Division is having sufficient mandis and easy approach to
customer. The details are as follows given in the table below:
JODHPUR DIVISION
Barmer Jaisalmer Jalore Jodhpur Pali Sirohi
Mandi Barmer NA Sanchor Bilara Jaitaran Pali Marwar Rani Station Aburoad
Population served
100000 NA 368000
388221 410011 215256 500000
Area served 812 NA 270 45 239 186 154 668
Time at which sale begins
6 NA 8 10 8 9 10 5
Time at which sale ends
10 NA 6 6 8 6 5 8
Holiday Sunday NA Sunday Wed Sunday Sunday Sunday Monday
Market hours
10 NA 10 8 12 9 8 12
Storage no NA Yes
Yes
no No
Storage capacity
Na NA NA NA 1500 MT NA NA NA
No. of cold storage
Na NA NA NA 1 NA NA NA
Commission 2% NA 2% 2% 2% 0% 2% 2%
Market fee 1.60% NA 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% Table 11.10: Jodhpur Division Source: Agmarknet.nic.in
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b.1 Distance in Km of Mandis from Their Nearest Railway Station in Jodhpur Division
Figure 11.3 : Distance in Km of Mandis from Their Nearest Railway Station in Jodhpur Division
c. Kota Division: Baran Bundi Jhalawar Kota
Mandi Atru Baran
Kawai salpura
NA NA Chhabra Kota
( Grain)
Kota
F & V Bapawar Sangod
Population served
11000 326200 30000 NA NA
15000 10000 25000
Area served 160 710 50 NA NA 180
25
60
Time at which sale begins
10 10 10 NA NA 10 10 8 10 10
Time at which sale ends
6 6 5 NA NA 5 5 6 5 5
Holiday Sun Sun Sun NA NA Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun
Market hours
8 10 7 NA NA 7 7 10 8 8
Storage Yes Yes
NA NA Yes Yes No No No
Storage capacity
NA NA NA NA NA NA 2300 (mt)
NA NA NA
No. (cold storage)
NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 NA NA NA
Comm. 2% 2% Na NA NA 0 2% 2% 2% 2%
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Baran Bundi Jhalawar Kota
Mandi Atru Baran
Kawai salpura
NA NA Chhabra Kota
( Grain)
Kota
F & V Bapawar Sangod
Mkt. fee % 1.60 1.60 Na NA NA 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60
Reg./Non reg.
Y Y Y NA NA Y Y Y Y Y
Table 11.11: Distance in Km of Mandis from Their Nearest Railway Station in Jodhpur Division Source: Agmarnet.nic.in
c.1 Distance of Mandies from Their Nearest Railway Station In Kota Division
Figure 2.45: Distance of Mandies from Their Nearest Railway Station in Kota Division
Some mandies in Kota Division like Bapawar has a distance of 55 km. from its nearest railway
station and Kota Mandi has distance of 15 km. On other hand mandies like Atru, Baran, Kawai
Salpura, Kota and Sangod has railway station nearby. So food processing units can be
established nearby these mandies so these units can procure raw materials easily and these units
can export their products through railway network without occurring extra cost.
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d. Udaipur Division
Chittorgarh Dungarpur
Rajsa mand
Udaipur
Mandi Badri- sadri Begu Chitto-
rgarh Nimba-
hera Pratap-
garh Dungar-
pur Rajsa- mand
Fateh- nagar
Udaipur Grain
Udaipur (FV)
Population served
200000
150000 1107643
446668 500 5000
Area served 262 464 293 412 589 872 134 438 150 9 Time at which
sale begins 10 10 7
8 10 8 10 9 Na
Time at which sale ends
5 5 5
8 6 8 5 6 Na
Holiday Sun Sun Sun Sun Mon Sun Sun sun Sun Purnima
Market hours 7 7 12 12 12 9 12 12 9 12
Storage yes yes yes yes No yes yes yes yes yes Storage
capacity(MT) 1000 250 1000 1000
1000 Na
No. of cold storage
0 Na Na Na Na 0 Na Na 3 Na
Comm. 2% 2% 6% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
Market fee 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% Table 11.12: Udaipur Division
d.1 Distance ( Km)of Mandies from Their Nearest Railway Station In Udaipur Division
Figure 11.4: Distance (Km) of Mandies from Their Nearest Railway Station in Udaipur Division
In Udaipur Division some mandies like Pratapgarh and Begu has a distance of 35 Km. and 23
Km consecutively from their nearest railway station and on other hand mandies like Badrisadri,
Udaipur(FV), Udaipur( Grain), Fatehnagar, Rajsamand, Dungarpur, Nimbahera and Chittorgarh
has railway station nearby.
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e. Jaipur Division Alwar Jaipur Jhunjhunu Sikar
Mandi Alwar Alwar (F&V)
Khair thal
Chomu (Jaipur)
Chirawa Nawal-
garh Surajgarh Degana
Neem ka
thana Sikar
Shrimadhopur
Population served
10260
NA NA NA 20000 199838 410429
500000
Area Served 755
114 NA NA 220 152 104
150
Time at which sale begins
6 6 12 8 8 10 NA NA 10 8 8
Time at which sale ends
2 6 6 8 6 6 NA NA 10 7 8
Holiday Sun Sun Sun Wed. Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun
Market hours
8 12 12 12 10 8 10 12 12 10 12
Storage No Yes Yes NA NA NA No Yes Yes Yes
Storage capacity (MT)
65000
500 NA NA NA
300 10000 3 MT
No. of cold storage
2
1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Comm. 2% 2%
2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
Market fee 1.60% 1.60%
1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.6% 1.60%
Table 11.13: Jaipur Division Source: Agmarknet.nic.in
e.1 Distance of Mandies from Their Nearest Railway Station in Jaipur Division
Figure 11.5: Distance of Mandies from Their Nearest Railway Station in Jaipur Division
In Jaipur Division maximum of mandies are situated nearby railway station and they are
connected through National Highways like Alwar and Khairthal are connected through NH 8,
Chomu, Sikar, Shrimadhopur are connected through NH 11 and Degana is connected through
NH 18.
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f. Bikaner Division Mandi Population
served
area served Time at
which
sale
begins
Time at
which
sale ends
Holiday Market
hours
Storage Storage
capacity
(MT)
No. of
cold
storage
Comm. Market
fee
Bik
aner
Bikaner Grain 1000000 100 10 6 Sun 8 yes 4000 4 2% 1.60%
Bikaner
(F&V)
1200000 240 6 6 Sun 12 yes 22000 6% 1.60%
Nokha 50000 110 11 6 Sun 8 yes 500 1 2% 1.60%
Sridungargarh 227000 98 8 8 Sun 12 No 2% 1.60%
Chu
ru Sadulpur 8 5 Sun 10 No 2% 1.60%
Sujangarh 385 173 10 6 Sun 12 yes 2% 1.60%
Gan
gana
gar
Anoopgarh 29525 344 8 8 Sun 12 no 6% 1.60%
Gajsinghpur 9630 81 8 6 Sun 12 yes 9400 0 2% 1.60%
Gharsana 174 8 6 Sun 12 No 2% 1.60%
Jaitsar 10000 73 8 8 Sun 12 No 0 2% 1.60%
Kesrisinghpur 13155 88 8 8 Sun 10 yes 2% 1.60%
Padam Pur 16917 119 8 6 Sun 10 yes 13050 0 2% 1.60%
Rai Singh Nagar 360 9 6 Sun 9 yes 2500 1 2% 1.60%
Rawala 18000 185 10 6 Sun 12 No 2% 1.60%
Sadulshahar 105994 36 9 7 Sun 10 yes 2% 1.60%
Sri Karanpur 22000 112 8 8 Sun 12 No 2% 1.60%
Sri Vijay Nagar 17864 212 8 6 Sun 10 yes 2% 1.60%
Sri Ganga Nagar 1200000 384 Sun 10 yes 800 4 2% 1.60%
Han
unga
rh
Bhadra 164897 113 10 5 Sun 7 No 6% 1.60%
Goluwala 37003 10 7 6 Sun 7 yes 2% 1.60%
Nohar 60000 200 10 6 Sun 9 yes 2% 1.60%
Pilibanga 27 10 6 Sun 8 no 2% 1.60%
Sangaria 141697 25 10 5 Sun 7 yes 2% 1.60%
Suratgarh 60 30 10 7 Sun 9 yes 2% 1.60%
Table 11.14 Bikaner Division Source: Agmarknet.nic.in
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f.1 Distance (Km) of Mandies from Their Nearest Railway Station in Bikaner Division
Figure 11.6: Distance (Km) of Mandies from Their Nearest Railway Station in Bikaner Division
In Bikaner Division some mandies like Rawala, Goluwala and Gharsana has a distance of 55
Km., 25 Km. and 25 Km consecutively from their nearest railway station and on other hand rest
of mandies has railway station nearby. National Highways like 15, 11, 65, and 89 are connecting
all of these mandies to national market.
g. Bharatpur Division Swaimadhopur
Mandi Gangapur City Sawai Madhopur
Population served 683023
Area searved 448
Time at which sale begeins 8 10
Time at which sale ends 8 6
Holiday Sunday Sunday
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Swaimadhopur
Mandi Gangapur City Sawai Madhopur
Market hours 12 8
No. Of cold storage
Commission 2% 2%
Market fee 1.60% 1.60%
Regulated/non regulated Y Y
Table 11.15: Bharatpur Division Source: www.agmarknet.nic.in
From the above table we can analyze that the condition of Bharatpur division is very critical even after
taking so many initiatives Bharatpur Division do not have sufficient number of proper mandies.
The major lacunae in the mandies are: • Markets are far away
• Inadequate market space
• Poor roads in and outside the market
• Lack of drainage in market places
• Bad transport conditions
• Drinking water and electricity problem
• Lack of finance
• Lack of storage facility
• Traditional marketing system
• Lack of market infrastructure
• Frequent strikes (Bandh)
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11.6 Cold Storages: Rajasthan is having 92 cold stores with a total capacity of 255561 MT. Out of the total cold
storage capacity in the Rajasthan, mostly are in Jaipur, Jodhpur and Bharatpur. In terms of
products, nearly 78 per cent of the cold storage capacity are utilized for potato and potato seeds
and only about 0.4 per cent was used for fruits and vegetables, and rest are for milk and Kirana.
S. No. District No. of Cold Storage
Total Capacity Products Stored
1. Ajmer 2 3334 Potato Flower, Egg, Jiggery and Multipurpose
2. Alwar 3 4648 Milk & Milk Products
3. Barmer 1 2025 Multipurpose
4. Bharatpur 14 52535 Potato
5. Bikaner 8 11403 Multipurpose, Milk & Milk Products
6. Jaipur 33 125792 Multipurpose, Others (Hotel), Milk & Milk Products, Potatoes.
7. Dholpur 1 4505 Multipurpose
8. Jhalawar 2 1015 Multipurpose
9. Jodhpur 11 22829 Multipurpose. Milk & Milk Products
10. Kota 5 13114 Multipurpose, Milk & Milk Products
11. Sriganganagar 5 5891 Potatoes, Multipurpose
12. Udaipur 4 8470 Milk & Milk Products, Multipurpose
Table 11.16: Cold Storage in Rajasthan
Most of the existing cold storages comprise of one or two large chambers generally designed for
single product storage, mainly to stock up potato and potato seed for about 6 months a year and
generally remain idle during the rest of the year. These cold storages are not suitable for storing
multiple horticulture commodities due to the nature of their design.
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The technology in use has mainly based itself on low cost designs hence creating one or two
large chambers with inadequate insulation and poorly designed cooling systems comprising of
diffusers or bunker coil system which is an 80 year old technology for storing single commodity
like potato. All this lead to high energy wastages, escalation in cost of storage and at the same
time deterioration of quality of fresh produced resulting to value loss.
Cold storages for fresh fruits, vegetables and flowers have been set up with financial assistance
to entrepreneurs under various government schemes( Mostly NHB). However, the growth of the
sector with improved technology was not taking place at a desired rate. Maximum cold storages
are under the private sector, summarized details are as follows:
Figure 11.7: Cold Storages in Rajasthan
Source: http://www.agmarknet.nic .in/sectorcold311207.htm Commodity Wise Distribution of Cold Storage in Rajasthan: Category Potato Multipurpose Milk &Milk Products No. of cold storage 19 76 8 capacity (in MT) 65896 246966 1781 Table 11.17: Commodity Wise Distribution of Cold Storage in Rajasthan Source: http://www.agmarknet.nic.in
Figure 11.8: Commodity wise Distribution of Cold Storages in Rajasthan
1%
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Development of Cold-Chain in Rajasthan has indicated more than 90% of the existing cold stores
are using inadequate insulation on the walls and ceilings. The level of insulation used in the
construction of cold store is very low when compared to appropriate International and Indian
standards applicable on insulation requirements and the methodology.
Further, normative cost of cold storages under government schemes being neutral to design
specifications of cold storage, the primary criteria while constructing cold store is to construct
the facility at the lowest possible costs in order to maximize immediate gains and therefore even
the basic design requirements are compromised. In rural areas even the Cold Storage Buildings
generally do not follow the basic building codes published by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
The type of insulation used is generally expanded polystyrene or glass wool / mineral wool and
even in certain cases rice husk. Though superior insulation like polyurethane foam (PUF) and
extruded polystyrene is readily available in the country, the main criteria for selection of
insulation revolves around initial capital costs.
11.6.1 Some of the Issues in Cold Storage are as follows:
� Lack of regulated market and co-operative marketing societies were responded positively
by 96 per cent of the farmers. Due to non-regulatory system of marketing, producers at
the mercy of middle men. Various malpractices such as deduction of more charges,
payment by installments, quoting of lower prices than actual, deduction of undue charges
etc. are generally followed by these middle men. Moreover, the farmers consent is not
being taken before selling the produce.
� The market infrastructure for the fruit crop is poor in terms of cold storage, transportation
facility and undependable roads. It is imperative to mention here that the failure of the
state government in creating the cold storage facility have added to the crisis. Due to
uncertainty of road transportation, the farmers rush their crop to terminal markets,
thinking the closure of road. This increases the supplies against a meager demand which
results finally in fewer prices. Moreover, the farmers are also exploited by the
transporters due to non-availability of sufficient trucks at the time of peak season.
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� Under-utilization of installed capacity due to seasonality in supply of raw materials, lack
of proper storage facilities to store the raw materials, cold storage facilities, etc.
� The major problems faced were delay in payment, lack of competition among buyers,
lack of marketing information, lack of cold storage facilities and lack of better and
cheaper packing material accounting about 95, 88, 83 and 82 per cent, respectively.
� The problems associated with marketing of vegetables were, absence of cold storage
structures, high transportation cost, unawareness of market information, lack of support
price and unsatisfactory marketing arrangements. Based on the findings of the study, the
policy implications which emerged out are (i) there is a need of installation of cold
storage structures (ii) Proper market information should be made available to the farmers.
For that, the extension agency should be strengthened (iii) Adequate and timely credit
should be provided to the farmers. (iv) The government should give priority for the
establishment and smooth functioning of regulated markets. (v) Production and
marketing techniques have to be integrated to reduce postharvest losses and (vi) The
government should provide a good support price for the produce.
� The main problem related to low quantity of milk marketed by the producers in the Co-
operative area. Low price of the milk was the main problems as reported by (84.12%) of
the respondents followed by lack of cold storage (61.90%), delay in payments (42.85%),
inadequate water for animal (36.50%), lack of all weather roads (30.15%), small quantity
of marketable surplus (23.81%), improper treatment of animals (20.63%), lack of cross
breed animal (9.52%) and uncertainty of electricity (6.35%)
� Low price of milk is the most important problems in the collection of milk, followed by
lack of cold storage, delay in payment, inadequate water for animals, lack of all weather
roads, small quantity of marketable surplus of milk, improper treatment, lack of cross
breed animals and uncertainty of electricity. Hence, efforts should be made to solve all
these constraints.
� Lack of cold storage is the main problem faced by milk producer’s co-operative society
followed by lack of all weather roads, private trading and local politics. Hence, efforts
should be made to solve all these constraints.