ILFS Mega Food Park Ajmer - Kamtech€¦ · Mega Food Park Ajmer – Rajasthan Draft Report Scope of Work 1. Authentic and updated Secondary Data related to

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Mega Food Park Ajmer – Rajasthan

Draft Report

Scope of Work

1. Authentic and updated Secondary Data related to production and seasonality of agriculture, horticulture, spices, plantation crops, dairy and animal husbandry in the state of Rajasthan.

2. Analysis of existing marketing system of agro horticulture produce and detailed mapping of Agriculture Produce market committee yards, institutional marketing and cooperative structure.

Prepared by

Kamtech Associates Private Limited

www.kamtechassociates.com

Mega Food Park Project, Ajmer (Rajasthan)

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Table of Contents

S. No. Content Page No.

1 Rajasthan 2

2 Agriculture Resources in Rajasthan 8

2.1 Principle Crops in Rajasthan 9

2.2 Agriculture Production 10

2.3 District Wise Agriculture Production 13

3 Horticulture, (Fruits & Vegetables, Spices and Medicinal Plants) 19

3.1 Fruits & Vegetables 20

3.2 Spices 24

3.3 Medicinal Plants 27

4 Animal Husbandry 29

5 Dairy & Dairy Products 31

5.1 Dairy Development 31

5.2 Co-operative Credit Structure 34

6 Poultry Industry 36

7 Honey and Bee Keeping 37

8 Fisheries 38

9 Floriculture 39

10 Organic Farming 42

11 Existing Infrastructure 43

11.1 State Warehousing 43

11.2 Agro Food Parks 44

11.3 Agro Export Zones 49

11.4 Agro Logistic Park 50

11.5 Market Yards - Mandies 53

11.6 Cold Storage 63


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1. Rajasthan Rajasthan is the largest state of the

Republic of India in terms of area

(342,269 km2). It encompasses most

of the area of the Great Indian Desert

(Thar Desert), which has an edge

paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river

valley along its border with Pakistan.

The region borders Pakistan to the

West, Gujarat to the Southwest,

Madhya Pradesh to the Southeast,

Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the

Northeast and Punjab to the North.

The capital of the state is Jaipur. Geographical features include the Thar Desert along north-

western Rajasthan.

The Aravali Range, one of the world's oldest mountain ranges, cradles the only hill station of

Rajasthan, Mount Abu. Eastern Rajasthan has two national tiger reserves, Ranthambore and

Sariska (Alwar), as well as Keoladeo National Park at Bharatpur, famous for its bird life.

1.1 Physiography

Rajasthan is predominantly characterized by three landforms’-

• The sandy stretch of the Thar desert

• Plains

• Hills

Hillocks, salty marshlands, gravel, shifting sand dunes, fragments of rocks, scrub vegetation and

rare oasis are scattered over the vast sandy expanse of the Thar Desert in Rajasthan. Chambal &

Luni are the main rivers in Rajasthan.

Figure1.1: Rajasthan


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The main geographic features of Rajasthan are the Thar Desert and the Aravali Range, which

runs through the state from southwest to northeast, almost from one end to the other, for more

than 850 km. The northwestern portion of Rajasthan is sandy and dry. Most of the region is

covered by the Thar Desert, which extends into adjoining portions of Pakistan.

1.2 Districts of Rajasthan

Rajasthan is divided into 33 districts within 7 divisions:

1. Ajmer Division: Ajmer, Bhilwara, Nagaur, Tonk (4 districts)

2. Bharatpur Division: Bharatpur, Dholpur, Karauli, Sawai Madhopur (5 districts).

3. Bikaner Division: Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh (4 districts).

4. Jaipur Division: Jaipur, Alwar, Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Dausa (5 districts).

5. Jodhpur Division: Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jalore, Jodhpur District, Pali, Sirohi (7 districts)

6. Kota Division: Baran, Bundi, Jhalawar, Kota (4 districts).

7. Udaipur Division: Banswara District, Chittorgarh District, Pratapgarh District, Dungarpur

District, Udaipur, Rajsamand (6 districts).

1.3 Climate

The climate of Rajasthan can be

neatly divided into four different

seasons:

• Summers

• Monsoon

• Post-monsoon

• Winter.

1.3.1 Summer

The hottest season of Rajasthan, summer, extends from April to June. The temperature in this

season ranges from 32° C to 45° C. The only place in Rajasthan that is a little cool in summers is

the hill station, Mt Abu. However, the nights in Rajasthan are pretty cool, with the night

temperature falling considerably.

Figure 1.2: Climate in Rajasthan


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1.3.2: Monsoon

During the period of July to September, lies the monsoon. The temperature ranges from 35° C to

40° C. The state receives approximately 90% of its annual rainfall (less than 40 cm) in this

season only. It is the most humid season in Rajasthan.

1.3.3: Post Monsoon

From October to November is the post monsoon season. The average maximum temperature

ranges between 33°C to 38°C and the minimum is between 18° C and 20° C.

1.3.4: Winters

Extending from December to March is the winter season. The coldest month of the season is

January. The temperature ranges from 10° C to 27° C. However, there may be considerable

difference in the maximum and minimum temperatures.

1.4: Soil

The soils of Rajasthan are

complex, and highly variable,

reflecting a variety of differing

parent materials, physiographic

land features, range of

distribution of rainfall and its

effects, etc. However, broadly,

the soils can be put in five major

groups, based on the basic fabric

of soils i.e. soil texture which

governs its many other

properties.

They are, (1) sandy soils or light soils, (2) sandy loam or light medium soils, (3) loam or medium

soils, (4) clay loam to clay or heavy soils and (5) skeletal soils or shallow rocky and hilly soils.

Soils are, variable in their soil-water-plant relationship, conservation needs and production

potentials.

Figure 1.3: Rajasthan Agro-Climate


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To assess the potential of agricultural development and to plan proper conservative land use. The

agronomical and soil moisture conservation technologies, developed for crop production, are

often more suitable, particularly for one or the other kinds of soils.

Soil resource is also a malleable environment molded by the agriculturist in many ways e.g.

production capacity can be improved through improvements of its fertility by the use of organic

manures and fertilizers. Its sustainability can also be maintained by its conservation against

damages through erosion, preventing salinization, alkalinization, compaction depletion in

nutrient level, etc. These are all known soil degradation processes which lessen the current or

potential capability of soils to produce crops or biomass.

1.5: Rivers

In Rajasthan, rivers are divided into two major river systems: Chambal and Luni. Chambal is the

only perennial river of the state, which enters Rajasthan at Chaurasigarh, after originating from

the northern slopes of the Vindhya Range. This river flows along the eastern border between

Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Fed by its tributaries, Chambal flows northwards across the state

and meets the Yamuna River.

Luni, river originates from the Aravali Range, 7 kilometer north of Ajmer. This is the only river

that flows across the western part of Rajasthan. The river flows to Gujarat, where it drains at the

Rann of Kutch.

1.6 Monsoon

Agriculture in Rajasthan is primarily rainfed. Nearly 30 percent of agricultural area is under

irrigation. Prospects of agriculture in the state largely depend on timely arrival of monsoon. In

kharif crops, production and productivity not only depend upon the quantum of rainfall but also

on proper and even distribution of rain over an adequate time span and its intensity.

The behavior of monsoon in Rajasthan is usually erratic and uncertain. In kharif crops,

production and productivity not only depend upon the quantum of rainfall but also on proper and

even distribution of rain over an adequate time span and its intensity.


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In this year mansoon (Year 2012), the rainfall was more than normal rainfall. The State has

received 616.71 mm rainfall against the normal rainfall of 530.10 mm from 01-06-2012 to 30-

09-2012. The Ajmer Division Rainfall details are as follows:

S. No. District In Ajmer Division

NORMAL Rainfall (mm)

Year 2011 Year 2012 ACTUAL

(mm) Deviation

(%) ACTUAL

(mm) Deviation

(%) 1. AJMER 429.60 612.40 42.55 591.88 37.78

2. BHILWARA 580.90 668.63 15.10 614.56 5.80

3. NAGAUR 348.50 405.18 16.26 471.73 35.36

4. TONK 566.00 760.75 34.41 598.22 5.69

Ajmer Division Total 481.25 611.74 27.11 569.10 18.25

Table 1.1: Rain Fall in Ajmer Division -2012

1.7 Natural Vegetation

There are thorny bushes and shrubs that occur in small patches and are scattered all over the

region Natural vegetation of Thar Desert is composed of tree, shrub and herb species. The scanty

vegetation consists of xerophilious grass such as Aristida adscensionis, Lasiurus scindicus and

Cenchrus biflorus. Small trees of species Acacia nilotica, Tamrix aphylla, Prosopis cineraria and

scrubs like Calligonum polygonoides, Crotalaria spp, Haloxylon recurvum and etc are endemic

to the desert.

1.8 Biodiversity

The desert of Rajasthan is the abode of 25 species of serpents are 23 specis of lizards. The

endangered Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps), the Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra),

Indian Wild Ass (Equus hemionus khur) and the Indian Gazelle (Gazella bennettii) are found

here.

In fact the Keoladeo Ghana National Park also known as the Desert National Park in Jaisalmer is

the repository of striking biodiversity and wildlife and houses the Bengal fox, chinkara, desert

fox, wolf, desert cat, the black buck and a plethora of migratory birds. The place also stores the

seashells and the gigantic fossilized tree trunks that bear witness to the presence of water and

vegetation in the past.


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1.9 Power

Rajasthan has taken significant stride in the past few years in the power sector, following five

companies, one each for generation and transmission, three for distribution are functioning for

providing better quality of electric supply to the urban and rural consumers and framers in the

State:

1. Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd.,

2. Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd.,

3. Jaipur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd.,

4. Ajmer Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd.,

5. Jodhpur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd.,

The major sources of power generation for the State are Kota and Suratgarh Thermal Power

Plants, Dholpur Gas Thermal Project, Mahi Hydel, Biomas, Captive Power Plant, Bhakra, Beas,

Chambal and Satpura Projects. Besides, the State also gets power from wind energy, Central

Sector's Rajasthan Atomic Power Plant, Singrauli, Rihand, Anta, Auraiya, Narora, Dadari Gas,

Unchahar Thermal and Tanakpur, Salal, Chamera and Urri hydel Projects.


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2. Agri Resources in Rajasthan Rajasthan surprises most observers with its

highly diversified agricultural produce. The

state is India's largest producer of oilseeds

(Rapeseed & Mustard), seed spices (Coriander,

Cumin and Fenugreek), coarse cereals and

Bajra, accounts for around 70% of the

country's production of Guar. The state is a

major producer of Soyabean, Gram, Groundnut

and Pulses.

Farmers in Rajasthan are dependent on different sources of irrigation that include tube wells,

wells and tanks. Ground water level is normally at a depth of 30 to 61 meters. The Punjab

Rivers in the north, the Narmada River in the south and the Agra Canals from Haryana and Uttar

Pradesh provide water to the dry land of Rajasthan. The Northwestern Rajasthan is irrigated by

the Indira Gandhi Canal.

Some Salient Features of Agriculture in Rajasthan • Two third of the total geographical area is under Desert. • Agriculture in Rajasthan is primarily rainfed. The average Rainfall is 58 cms. • The period of monsoon is shortest, ranging between 2 to 2.5 months. Its onset is

late and withdrawal early as compared to other States and one or two dry spells is a common phenomenon.

• 90 percent of the total rainfall is received during monsoon season (July-Sept.). In addition to spatial variation in rainfall, there is great variation from year to year

• About 63 percent of the total cultivation is under Kharif season and is mostly dependent (91%) on rainfall, which is uneven, aberrant and uncertain.

• About 64 percent of the irrigated area (68.09 lac ha.) is dependent on wells and tube-wells. The underground water source is unsecured as the water table is falling down at the rate of one to three meter per year.

• Approximately 35 percent of the irrigated area is under canal irrigation where water delivery (canal opening) is not coinciding with critical crop growth stages.

• Efficient utilization of water is a pertinent issue in all command areas. • Mono-cropping system is predominant in almost all the Agro Climatic Zones. • Rajasthan has only 1% of the country’s total Surface Water Resources.

Figure 2.1: Rajasthan Agro-Map


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Wheat, Corn, Millets and Pulses are the important crops grown in Rajasthan, since this forms the

basis of the lentils required for cooking meals.

Sesame and Groundnut are grown in Rajasthan and sources of cooking oil. The land is still not

used for growing varieties of vegetables other than Potatoes, and more recently Tomatoes.

However, the water of the Indira Gandhi Canal (Rajasthan Canal) is now helping in the

cultivation of a handsome crop of Citrus fruits, including Tangerines, Oranges and Lemons.

Dehydrated vegetables - Sangri and Gwarphali from the bean families and Kakri from the

cucumber family - can be grown and used as fresh, or stored for use in later months.

2.1 Principle Crops in Rajasthan

Rajasthan has two principal crops

• Kharif ( Sown time – June and July )

• Rabi ( Sown time - October and November )

The crops categorized in Rajasthan as follows:

i) Kharif Rice, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Tur, Groundnut, Sesamum, Castorseed, Cotton, Sugarcane and Soyabean.

ii) Rabi Wheat, Barley, Gram, Linseed, Rape & Mustard and Taramira.

iii) Zaid rabi Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Urad, Moong, Moth, Chaula, Fruits & Vegetables, Tobacco, Small millets, Spices, Fodder and chillis.

Figure 2.2: Principle Crops in Rajasthan


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2.2 Agricultural Production The detailed position of the area and production under kharif and rabi crops for the last three

years is shown in the following table:

Area and Production of Kharif and Rabi crops in the State Crop Area (in lakh hectares) Production (in lakh M.T.)

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Likely

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Likely

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cereals 98.29 108.71 96.63 116.58 203.07 182.13

Kharif 72.10 75.06 68.10 35.36 89.27 87.82

Rabi 26.19 33.65 28.53 81.22 113.80 94.31

Pulses 34.04 47.55 45.20 7.02 32.54 27.32

Kharif 24.84 29.16 29.72 1.33 16.03 12.00

Rabi 9.20 18.39 15.48 5.69 16.51 15.32

Foodgrains 132.33 156.26 141.83 123.60 235.61 209.45

Kharif 96.94 104.22 97.82 36.69 105.30 99.82

Rabi 35.39 52.04 44.01 86.91 130.31 109.63

Oil-Seeds 41.58 54.88 54.86 44.37 66.05 62.48

Kharif 18.44 18.08 20.87 14.82 22.33 25.18

Rabi 23.14 36.80 33.99 29.55 43.72 37.30

Table 2.1 Agriculture Production – Rajasthan (Year 2010-11) As per the preliminary forecast for the year 2011-12, the total food grain production in the State

is expected to be 209.45 lakh tonnes which has shown a decrease of 11.10 per cent as compared

to that of 235.61 lakh tonnes in the previous year. The kharif food grain production in the year

2011-12 is expected to be at the level of 99.82 lakh tonnes as against 105.30 lakh tonnes of the

previous year, which has shown a decrease of 5.20 per cent. The rabi food grain production in

the year 2011-12 is expected to be a level of 109.63 lakh tonnes as against 130.31 lakh tonnes

during the year 2010-11 exhibiting a decrease of 15.87 percent.


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The Production of kharif cereals in the year 2011-12 is expected to be 87.82 lakh tonnes, which

is lower by 1.62 per cent compared to that of 89.27 lakh tonnes during the previous year. The

main contributors to kharif cereals production are Bajra and Maize. Their respective

contribution is estimated to be 64.68 and 16.45 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12 against 60.91

lakh and 20.53 lakh tonnes respectively in the year 2010-11 showing an increase of 6.19 per

cent in Bajra and 19.87 per cent decrease in Maize.

The Production of rabi cereals in the year 2011-12 is expected to be 94.31 lakh tonnes against

113.80 lakh tonnes in the year 2010-11. Wheat, the main contributor of rabi cereals, is expected

to be 85.47 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12 as compared to 104.24 lakh tonnes in the year 2010-

11 showing a decrease of 18.01 per cent. The production of Barley is likely to be 8.72 lakh

tonnes in the year 2011-12 as against 9.55 lakh tonnes in the year 2010-11, which has shown a

decrease of 8.69 per cent.

Pulses, being rich sources of energy and minerals are one of the important sources of dietary

proteins, especially for the vegetarians.

The production of kharif pulses is estimated to be 12.00 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12 against

16.03 lakh tonnes in the year 2010-11 which reveals a decrease of 25.14 per cent. The production

of rabi pulses is likely to be 15.32 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12 against 16.51 lakh tonnes in

the year 2010-11 showing a decrease of 7.21 per cent.

The production of oilseeds in the year 2011-12 is estimated at 62.48 lakh tonnes against 66.05

lakh tonnes in the year 2010-11 showing a decrease of 5.40 per cent over the previous year. The

production of kharif oilseeds is estimated to be 25.18 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12 as against

22.33 lakh tonnes in the year 2010-11 showing an increase of 12.76 per cent. The production of

rabi oilseeds is likely to be 37.30 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12 as against 43.72 lakh tonnes in

the year 2010-11 showing a decrease of 14.68 per cent. The production of Rape & Mustard is

likely to be 35.31 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12 as against 38.83 lakh tonnes in the year 2010-

11 which has registered a decrease of 9.07 per cent over the previous year.


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2.2.1 Area and Production of Sugarcane & Cotton Crop Area (in lakh hectares) Production (in lakh M.T.)

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Likely

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Likely

Sugarcane 0.06 0.06 0.16 3.45 3.68 9.98

Cotton * 4.45 3.36 5.68 9.03 8.57 13.35

Production in lakh bales (each bale of 170 kg.)

Table 2.2 Agriculture Production – Rajasthan (Year 2010-11)

The production of sugarcane is likely to be 9.98 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12 as against 3.68

lakh tonnes in the year 2010-11, which has shown an increase of 171.20 per cent.

Cotton, which is an important cash crop of the State, is grown mainly in Ganganagar and

Hanumangarh districts. Its production is likely to be 13.35 lakh bales during the year 2011-12 as

against 8.57 lakh bales in the year 2010-11 showing an increase of 55.83 per cent.


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2.3 District Wise Agriculture Production

CROPWISE PRODUCTION (2010-11)

2.3.1 KHARIF CEREAL (IN M.T.)

KHARIF CEREAL DISTRICT

RICE JOWAR BAJRA MAIZE SMALL

MILLETS TOTAL

1 AJMER 18 121578 128399 53352 109 303456 2 ALWAR 766 20975 508361 12200 0 542302 3 BANSWARA 17610 368 190 298984 588 317740 4 BARAN 23800 1404 3848 44591 0 73643 5 BARMER 0 1927 534595 2 0 536524 6 BHARATPUR 3095 34170 235022 9 0 272296 7 BHILWARA 794 34793 5658 371547 0 412792 8 BIKANER 75 402 137653 13 0 138143 9 BUNDI 42971 468 5410 122387 0 171236

10 CHITTORGARH 1693 5869 17 398124 0 405703 11 CHURU 0 2 249732 0 0 249734 12 DAUSA 0 3147 200853 1231 0 205231 13 DHOLPUR 1375 29 155134 9 0 156547 14 DUNGARPUR 9058 450 167 130458 3554 143687 15 GANGANAGAR 20046 0 19993 58 0 40097 16 HANUMANGARH 88450 0 79360 5 0 167815 17 JAIPUR 0 26210 445790 6316 0 478316 18 JAISALMER 0 1787 90732 0 0 92519 19 JALORE 0 4048 364089 74 601 368812 20 JHALAWAR 5858 4559 11 84800 0 95228 21 JHUNJHUNU 0 6 498468 2 0 498476 22 JODHPUR 0 40639 621315 7 0 661961 23 KARAULI 2241 243 253925 138 0 256547 24 KOTA 38259 6824 82 28524 0 73689 25 NAGAUR 0 46493 744634 88 0 791215 26 PALI 0 84137 99248 35235 2 218622 27 PRATAPGARH 2681 176 4 80815 103 83779 28 RAJSAMAND 174 11919 502 78298 188 91081 29 S.MADHOPUR 1308 1359 166633 963 0 170263 30 SIKAR 0 14 431344 25 0 431383 31 SIROHI 0 3936 26821 51700 2160 84617 32 TONK 4 46447 109786 16006 0 172243 33 UDAIPUR 5269 4498 24 245463 1048 256302 RAJ. STATE 265545 508877 6117800 2061424 8353 89,61,999


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2.3.2 RABI CEREALS PRODUCTION (2010-11)

(IN M.T.)

# DISTRICT WHEAT BARLEY SMALL

MILLETS TOTAL 1 AJMER 207905 95624 0 303529 2 ALWAR 816059 47301 0 863360 3 BANSWARA 176322 2448 0 178770 4 BARAN 514045 1593 0 515638 5 BARMER 24526 123 0 24649 6 BHARATPUR 704731 8157 0 712888 7 BHILWARA 307983 73327 0 381310 8 BIKANER 233437 6490 0 239927 9 BUNDI 570970 3058 0 574028

10 CHITTORGARH 420936 17611 0 438547 11 CHURU 64769 11298 0 76067 12 DAUSA 335173 21731 0 356904 13 DHOLPUR 206385 2727 0 209112 14 DUNGARPUR 58101 2795 0 60896 15 GANGANAGAR 1049386 79427 0 1128813 16 HANUMANGARH 867972 45951 0 913923 17 JAIPUR 590946 241202 0 832148 18 JAISALMER 51937 570 0 52507 19 JALORE 80464 1482 683 82629 20 JHALAWAR 222286 1314 0 223600 21 JHUNJHUNU 259955 29100 0 289055 22 JODHPUR 149046 1242 2 150290 23 KARAULI 365854 1422 0 367276 24 KOTA 411409 1955 0 413364 25 NAGAUR 194987 44349 0 239336 26 PALI 145154 11634 0 156788 27 PRATAPGARH 123163 4124 0 127287 28 RAJSAMAND 104462 15174 0 119636 29 S.MADHOPUR 291368 5115 0 296483 30 SIKAR 343783 94401 0 438184 31 SIROHI 114373 3428 512 118313 32 TONK 284497 45660 0 330157 33 UDAIPUR 131966 12818 5 144789

RAJ. STATE 10424350 934651 1202 11360203


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2.3.3 KHARIF PULSES PRODUCTION (2010-11)

(IN M.T.)

# DISTRICT TUR MOONG MOTH URAD CHAULA OTHER TOTAL 1 AJMER 7 62759 816 6401 906 0 70889 2 ALWAR 4796 29 11 3 5 0 4844 3 BANSWARA 2954 2 0 4693 17 0 7666 4 BARAN 82 305 0 1608 1 0 1996 5 BARMER 0 26979 144886 0 1 0 171866 6 BHARATPUR 301 78 26 74 6 0 485 7 BHILWARA 2 13311 0 31119 104 473 45009 8 BIKANER 0 3600 214496 0 1 0 218097 9 BUNDI 16 147 0 13790 2 0 13955

10 CHITTORGARH 15 474 0 2054 39 1 2583 11 CHURU 0 7680 142649 0 303 0 150632 12 DAUSA 5 55 69 4 32 0 165 13 DHOLPUR 1008 110 4 119 13 0 1254 14 DUNGARPUR 1122 10 0 6686 17 25 7860 15 GANGANAGAR 25 35065 2267 323 2 0 37682 16 HANUMANGARH 96 8808 43294 99 0 0 52297 17 JAIPUR 139 56429 282 218 8493 0 65561 18 JAISALMER 0 6203 1535 0 1 0 7739 19 JALORE 0 55768 23372 0 23 39 79202 20 JHALAWAR 459 158 0 9401 39 0 10057 21 JHUNJHUNU 0 7684 1226 0 11293 0 20203 22 JODHPUR 22 71378 100869 0 27 0 172296 23 KARAULI 578 19 41 38 0 0 676 24 KOTA 57 135 0 5317 3 0 5512 25 NAGAUR 0 192276 94796 0 10875 0 297947 26 PALI 24 60432 938 111 530 51 62086 27 PRATAPGARH 976 498 0 1548 21 0 3043 28 RAJSAMAND 0 479 13 970 55 0 1517 29 S.MADHOPUR 161 125 86 780 4 0 1156 30 SIKAR 1 8194 2893 0 30962 0 42050 31 SIROHI 234 4176 42 666 451 853 6422 32 TONK 4 28745 86 4234 92 0 33161 33 UDAIPUR 3153 117 1 3900 18 0 7189 RAJ. STATE 16237 652228 774698 94156 64336 1442 1603097


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2.3.4 RABI PULSES PRODUCTION (2010-11)

(IN M.T.)

# DISTRICT GRAM MASOOR BATLA MATAR OTHER TOTAL TOTAL PULSES 1 AJMER 92407 22 0 0 0 92429 163318 2 ALWAR 20643 87 0 285 4 21019 25863 3 BANSWARA 10763 1 0 1 1838 12603 20269 4 BARAN 12059 63 0 57 0 12179 14175 5 BARMER 962 0 0 0 0 962 172828 6 BHARATPUR 8572 3879 0 178 0 12629 13114 7 BHILWARA 43496 5731 0 52 0 49279 94288 8 BIKANER 145450 0 0 1 0 145451 363548 9 BUNDI 10680 17045 0 426 0 28151 42106

10 CHITTORGARH 8731 513 0 48 0 9292 11875 11 CHURU 222812 0 0 0 0 222812 373444 12 DAUSA 12086 0 0 8 0 12094 12259 13 DHOLPUR 2034 155 0 80 0 2269 3523 14 DUNGARPUR 12587 0 0 0 955 13542 21402 15 GANGANAGAR 98854 5 0 154 0 99013 136695 16 HANUMANGARH 126850 0 0 2 0 126852 179149 17 JAIPUR 189422 6 0 0 0 189428 254989 18 JAISALMER 52035 0 0 0 0 52035 59774 19 JALORE 3290 4 0 0 0 3294 82496 20 JHALAWAR 28323 3070 0 10 392 31795 41852 21 JHUNJHUNU 141812 1 0 0 0 141813 162016 22 JODHPUR 5208 0 0 0 0 5208 177504 23 KARAULI 22226 12 0 6 0 22244 22920 24 KOTA 7387 35 0 93 29 7544 13056 25 NAGAUR 68076 0 0 2492 0 70568 368515 26 PALI 40092 5 0 0 0 40097 102183 27 PRATAPGARH 21600 3501 0 41 0 25142 28185 28 RAJSAMAND 1201 0 0 0 0 1201 2718 29 S.MADHOPUR 27978 684 0 54 0 28716 29872 30 SIKAR 94121 5 0 0 0 94126 136176 31 SIROHI 6746 0 0 0 0 6746 13168 32 TONK 47211 3625 0 132 1284 52252 85413 33 UDAIPUR 15004 0 0 0 1025 16029 23218 RAJ. STATE 1600718 38449 0 4120 5527 1648814 3251911


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2.3.5 KHARIF OILSEEDS PRODUCTION (2010-11)

(IN M.T.) # DISTRICT GROUNDNUT SESAMUM CASTOR SEED SOYABEAN TOTAL 1 AJMER 2865 8130 38 14 11047 2 ALWAR 2920 1266 0 0 4186 3 BANSWARA 372 268 6 18316 18962 4 BARAN 1174 17934 0 357107 376215 5 BARMER 1136 1033 23758 0 25927 6 BHARATPUR 124 1120 14 0 1258 7 BHILWARA 9858 12913 6 3825 26602 8 BIKANER 229912 1307 144 0 231363 9 BUNDI 775 15408 0 79778 95961

10 CHITTORGARH 31012 2667 5 46432 80116 11 CHURU 44632 1931 0 0 46563 12 DAUSA 23837 3585 0 0 27422 13 DHOLPUR 179 4757 1 0 4937 14 DUNGARPUR 61 662 24 1763 2510 15 GANGANAGAR 6347 831 1172 0 8350 16 HANUMANGARH 9423 2726 7290 0 19439 17 JAIPUR 91168 5860 21 0 97049 18 JAISALMER 16291 332 607 0 17230 19 JALORE 7837 5622 133819 0 147278 20 JHALAWAR 2668 3032 0 316766 322466 21 JHUNJHUNU 3601 72 28 0 3701 22 JODHPUR 75328 12666 12726 0 100720 23 KARAULI 2218 8332 0 0 10550 24 KOTA 641 17447 0 153568 171656 25 NAGAUR 26262 9001 153 0 35416 26 PALI 2001 47049 1840 0 50890 27 PRATAPGARH 1575 428 11 136652 138666 28 RAJSAMAND 1884 901 0 0 2785 29 S.MADHOPUR 8428 11119 0 1148 20695 30 SIKAR 50344 502 1 0 50847 31 SIROHI 10243 7918 59546 4 77711 32 TONK 19688 16021 20 98 35827 33 UDAIPUR 2013 591 14 2632 5250 RAJ. STATE 686817 223431 241244 1118103 2269595


18

2.3.6 RABI OILSEEDS PRODUCTION (2010-11)

(IN M.T.)

# DISTRICT RAPE & MUSTARD LINSEED TARAMIRA SUNFLOWER TOTAL

1 AJMER 38618 51 54655 0 93324

2 ALWAR 426074 13 972 0 427059

3 BANSWARA 173 11 12 0 196

4 BARAN 122116 379 617 0 123112

5 BARMER 40522 5 16132 0 56659

6 BHARATPUR 374189 28 258 0 374475

7 BHILWARA 41228 34 27437 0 68699

8 BIKANER 55065 4 1043 0 56112

9 BUNDI 48675 227 4182 0 53084

10 CHITTORGARH 71543 75 10516 0 82134

11 CHURU 32251 0 2769 0 35020

12 DAUSA 117594 0 4468 0 122062

13 DHOLPUR 108787 104 112 0 109003

14 DUNGARPUR 1444 0 35 0 1479

15 GANGANAGAR 565310 0 5736 0 571046

16 HANUMANGARH 222070 0 2309 0 224379

17 JAIPUR 169984 13 36511 0 206508

18 JAISALMER 54207 0 9927 0 64134

19 JALORE 145588 2 77600 0 223190

20 JHALAWAR 38485 98 3202 0 41785

21 JHUNJHUNU 126198 0 658 0 126856

22 JODHPUR 85521 2 16873 0 102396

23 KARAULI 124837 0 2193 0 127030

24 KOTA 92662 199 889 0 93750

25 NAGAUR 71626 685 131769 1 204081

26 PALI 34654 8 31460 0 66122

27 PRATAPGARH 8710 73 795 0 9578

28 RAJSAMAND 6198 112 2305 0 8615

29 S.MADHOPUR 221217 6 3213 0 224436

30 SIKAR 96870 0 7653 0 104523

31 SIROHI 35770 10 4236 0 40016

32 TONK 277740 119 23681 0 301540

33 UDAIPUR 27357 0 2148 0 29505

RAJ. STATE 3883283 2258 486366 1 4371908


19

3. Horticulture (Fruits & Vegetables, Spices and Medicinal Plants)

Rajasthan has a large scope for horticulture. It provides additional employment opportunities to

the rural people while diversifying the rural economy to agro processing and other ancillary

activities. During the year 2011-12, against the budget provision of Rs. 132.93 crore, an amount

of Rs. 100.77 crore has been utilized upto December, 2011 and establishment of fruits orchards

in 148.50 hectares, 113 vermi-compost units, plant protection measures in 815 hectares and

3,260 demonstrations of vegetables have been done.

The diverse agro-ecological conditions prevailing in Rajasthan is amenable for growing fruits,

vegetables, spices, flowers, root and tuber crops, medicinal and aromatic crops. Out of the net

cultivated area of about 165 lakh ha. in Rajasthan, Horticultural crops are grown in an area of

about 10 lakh hectares with an annual production of about 14 lakh MT. Major Horticulture crops

in the state can be divided in three categories as following: -

1. Fruits & Vegetables:

a. Fruits : Mango , Orange,Lime, Guava,

Kinnow, Ber, Mosambi, Aonla,

Pomegranate, Papaya, Sugar Cane

b. Vegetables : Onion, Tomato, Pea,

Okra, Brinjal, Potato

2. Spices: Garlic, Coriander, Methi, Cumin Seeds, Chillies, Ajwain, Funnel, Fenugreek ,

Turmeric and Ginger Figure 2.33: Orange Market Jhalawar

3. Medicinal Plants: Isabgol, Ashwagandha, Alovera, Jojoba, Ratanjot

Figure 3.1: Oranges – Jhalawar Mandi


20

3.1: Fruits & Vegetables Rajasthan, known for its rich cultural heritage, has now been making waves in export of fresh

fruits and vegetables. The worldwide demand for fruits and vegetables provide enough

encouragement to state organizations and entrepreneurs to initiate steps to optimally tap the

natural resources of the state. Rajasthan is the largest state of India harboring a number of arid

and semi-arid fruit plants. Value addition to the crops in a proper manner, regulated way and

help in increasing the standard of living and ensures food and nutritional security as well.

Bhawanimandi in Kota is the biggest Orange market of the state, having an average annual

arrival of good quality of Orange to the extent of 3013 MT. In view of such huge marketed

surpluses, the Government of Rajasthan has declared this market as a Specific Market for

Orange. Sawaimadhopur is the biggest guava market in the state and well known for its quality

Fruits & Vegetables production in Rajasthan is as follows:

3.1.1 Fruits & Vegetables Production 2010-2011

Fruits Production

in MT

Vegetables Production

in MT

Papaya 662 Onion 541107

Banana 1300 Potato 76019

Citrus 253400 Sweet Potato 2665

Grape 100 Tomato 55500

Guava 24700 Peas 11600

Mango 82000 Okra 13000

Pomo Granat 1600 Cabbage 8200

Sugarcane 628963 C.Flower 45700

Singhada 323 Brinjal 37300


21

3.1.1.1 FRUITS & VEGETABLE PRODUCTION (2010-11) (IN M.T.)

# DISTRICT PAPAYA POTATO ONION SWEET POTATO

WATER CALTROP

(SINGHADA)

TOTAL

1 AJMER 2 10 1172 134 7 1325 2 ALWAR 91 764 51482 65 5 52407 3 BANSWARA 50 0 47 0 0 97 4 BARAN 20 225 407 0 50 702 5 BARMER 0 1 63 0 0 64 6 BHARATPUR 107 44284 92 461 105 45049 7 BHILWARA 34 20 38 0 0 92 8 BIKANER 0 22 0 0 0 22 9 BUNDI 87 692 0 281 2 1062

10 CHITTORGARH 0 162 4177 2 0 4341 11 CHURU 0 0 233 0 0 233 12 DAUSA 0 40 54 4 8 106 13 DHOLPUR 0 10510 7 40 0 10557 14 DUNGARPUR 0 0 105 0 0 105 15 GANGANAGAR 0 6516 1152 0 0 7668 16 HANUMANGARH 0 4239 48 0 0 4287 17 JAIPUR 0 266 9358 0 10 9634 18 JAISALMER 0 0 10 0 0 10 19 JALORE 104 165 501 105 0 875 20 JHALAWAR 0 2252 6643 235 14 9144 21 JHUNJHUNU 0 22 68660 12 0 68694 22 JODHPUR 30 0 163143 6 0 163179 23 KARAULI 27 69 13 44 22 175 24 KOTA 0 2925 348 0 9 3282 25 NAGAUR 0 0 60916 458 0 61374 26 PALI 1 0 412 8 0 421 27 PRATAPGARH 2 0 5110 0 0 5112 28 RAJSAMAND 0 33 63 0 0 96 29 S.MADHOPUR 0 7 406 12 66 491 30 SIKAR 1 13 165507 490 0 166011 31 SIROHI 26 2733 495 0 0 3254 32 TONK 80 42 409 308 25 864 33 UDAIPUR 0 7 36 0 0 43 RAJ. STATE 662 76019 541107 2665 323 620776


22

3.1.1.2 Major Fruits Producing Area in Rajasthan producing

Fruits Major Fruits Producing Area in Rajasthan producing districts

Mango Chittorgarh, Dholpur, Udaipur, Bhilwara, Dausa, Banswara

Lemon Bharatpur, Dholpur, S. Madhopur, Alwar, Karauli

Guava Dholpur, S. Madhopur, Kota, Bundi, Chittorgarh, Udaipur

Papaya Chittor, Bhilwara, Bharatpur, Karauli, Udaipur, Dausa, Jaipur

Pomegranate Pali, Jodhpur, Ajmer, Srigangangar, Jaipur, Chittorgarh

Blackberry Dholpur, Kota, Chittorgarh, Baran, Ajmer

Ber Jodhpur, Sriganganagar, Bharatpur, Jaipur, Alwar, Dholpur.

Orange Jhalawar, Kota

Sweet Orange Sriganganagar, Hanumangarh

Kinnow Sriganganagar, Hanumangarh

Grapes Ganganagar, S. Madhopur, Hanumangarh

Lasoda Ajmer, Barmer, Jodhpur

Sapota Sirohi, Pali, Jaipur, Chittor

Banana Rajsamand, Chittor, Banswara, Udaipur

Datepalm Jaipur, Jaisalmer

Phalsa Jaipur, Ajmer, Dholpur

Aonla Jaipur, Ajmer, Nagaur, Chittorgarh, Dausa

Karonda Alwar, Jaipur, Dausa

Mulberry Ajmer, Alwar, Bharatpur, Dausa, Jaipur

Custard Apple Rajsamand, Chittor, Jhalawar, Udaipur.


23

3.1.1.3 Major Vegetables Producing Area in Rajasthan

Vegetables Major Producing Area in Rajasthan

Onion Jodhpur, Alwar, Sikar, Jaipur, Ajmer, Nagaur, Jhunjhunu

Tomato Jaipur, Dholpur, Alwar, Jalore, Sirohi, Ajmer

Potato Kota, Dholpur, Sriganganagar, Bharatpur, Bundi

Brinjal Alwar, Bharatpur, Jaipur, Kota, Bundi, Ajmer, Baran.

Cauliflower & Cabbage Jaipur, Ajmer Alwar, Kota, Jodhpur, Ganganagar.

Tinda Jaipur, Alwar, Tonk, Jodhpur,Ganganagar

Cucumber Jodhpur, Jaipur, Tonk, Nagaur, Pali, Ganganagar

Peas Jaiupr, Chittor, Alwar, Nagaur, Kota, Bundi, Baran

Okra Alwar, Jaipur, Bundi, Chittor, Kota, Dausa, Sriganganagar

Carrot Jodhpur, Sriganganagar, Jaipur, Hanumangarh

Pumpkin Bharatpur, jaipur, Kota, Dausa, S. Madhopur

Sweet Potato Bharatpur, Jhalawar, Bundi, Sikar, Nagaur

Bottle gourd Jaipur, Alwar, Sriganganagar, Bharatpur, Tonk

Ridge Gourd Jaipur, Nagaur, Sriganganagar, Dholpur, Ajmer, Jodhpur, Sikar

Radish Sriganganagar, Ajmer, Kota, Jaipur, Alwar, Hanumangarh

Spinach Jaipur, Ajmer, Bhilwara, Sriganganagar, Jodhpur, Alwar

Bitter Gourd Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kota

Guarfali Jodhpur, Nagaur, Jaipur, Pali


24

3.2 Spices Rajasthan is an important producer of spices including seed spices such as fenugreek, cumin and

coriander among others. Various varieties of raw spices or grounded spices are available in

Rajasthan. The Rajasthani chilly varieties, especially from the state's Gondal and Jodhpur

regions are popular not only in the country but also appeal to the taste buds of the Indian

Diaspora abroad.

Rajasthan is the largest procedure of Coriander and Cumin, and second largest producer of chilli

and Garlic. The special quality and special flavor of Rajasthani spices are generally attributed to

the favorable climatic conditions and natural production methods being used here for ages.

Rajasthan has the distinction of producing 17 of the total 60 varieties of Indian spices. Spices

production in Rajasthan is as follows given in the table below:

S. No. Commodity Qty(MT) 1 Chilli 14865 2 Ginger 459 3 Termeric 234 4 Coriander 219077 5 Cumin seed 114925 6 Ajwain 12596 7 Garlic 186441 8 Fennel(saunf) 26201 9 Methi 94182

Total 668980 Table 3.1: Production of Condiments and Spices in Year 2010-11

Figure 3.2: Spices taste of Rajasthan

3.2.1 District wise production of Spices are as follows given in the table below:

CONDIMENTS & SPICES PRODUCTION (2010-11)

(IN M.T.)

CHILLIES GINGER TERMERIC CORIANDER

CUMIN

SEED AJWAIN GARLIC

FENNEL

(SAUNF) METHI OTHERS TOTAL

# DISTRICT 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

1 AJMER 530 0 0 169 2235 12 13 100 198 -- 3257

2 ALWAR 456 0 0 82 0 0 2 1 938 -- 1479

3 BANSWARA 142 0 0 0 0 4 3 0 10 -- 159

4 BARAN 122 33 2 86179 1 0 42310 0 272 -- 128919

5 BARMER 47 0 0 0 28410 0 0 0 330 -- 28787

6 BHARATPUR 706 0 0 14 0 0 0 13 13 -- 746

7 BHILWARA 1044 0 0 9 405 265 1164 93 207 -- 3187

8 BIKANER 2 0 0 23 1171 0 0 6 15081 -- 16283

9 BUNDI 112 0 113 2253 2 2 2449 3 4014 -- 8948

10 CHITTORGARH 155 0 24 2054 137 8981 26038 0 4104 -- 41493

11 CHURU 0 0 0 19 444 0 0 0 7302 -- 7765

12 DAUSA 78 0 0 3 0 2 0 5228 22 -- 5333

13 DHOLPUR 316 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 0 -- 324

14 DUNGARPUR 80 144 0 2 1 0 30 221 13 -- 491

15 GANGANAGAR 50 0 0 7 0 0 1148 0 59 -- 1264

16 HANUMANGARH 104 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 168 -- 292

17 JAIPUR 552 0 0 54 121 6 54 74 3622 -- 4483

18 JAISALMER 9 0 0 10 8254 8 0 0 143 -- 8424

19 JALORE 893 0 0 8 27030 97 5 413 531 -- 28977


26

3.2.1 District wise production of Spices are as follows given in the table below:

CONDIMENTS & SPICES PRODUCTION (2010-11)

(IN M.T.)

CHILLIES GINGER TERMERIC CORIANDER

CUMIN

SEED AJWAIN GARLIC

FENNEL

(SAUNF) METHI OTHERS TOTAL

20 JHALAWAR 455 0 0 69683 0 22 20552 0 2226 -- 92938

21 JHUNJHUNU 228 0 0 4 0 0 930 1 9184 -- 10347

22 JODHPUR 876 0 0 237 25379 10 4952 845 6210 -- 38509

23 KARAULI 300 0 0 55 1 0 0 38 8 -- 402

24 KOTA 67 0 0 57307 0 120 68544 0 10826 -- 136864

25 NAGAUR 346 0 0 7 15153 437 222 11116 4916 -- 32197

26 PALI 261 0 0 60 3896 4 15 491 1432 -- 6159

27 PRATAPGARH 116 0 0 65 8 1558 17376 0 7009 -- 26132

28 RAJSAMAND 269 0 0 34 1 739 336 0 223 -- 1602

29 S.MADHOPUR 4759 0 0 297 0 0 38 1799 1277 -- 8170

30 SIKAR 35 0 0 20 9 0 91 0 13674 -- 13829

31 SIROHI 82 0 0 3 1248 2 13 3619 27 -- 4994

32 TONK 1164 0 0 371 974 21 2 2135 19 -- 4686

33 UDAIPUR 509 282 95 48 45 306 131 0 124 -- 1540

RAJ. STATE 14865 459 234 219077 114925 12596 186441 26201 94182 0 668980

Table 3.3: Spices Production in MT (2010-11)

3.3 Medicinal Plants:

Rajasthan cultivation of medicinal plants and the

development of medicinal plants arboretum has been

taken up in a few PFFCS for the extension of the

cultivation know how among the farmers.

Alovera is a herbal medicinal plant which is best suitably cultivated in physio-geographical

conditions of Rajasthan. Kota Division is the main centre for the production of Ashwagandha

(Withania somnilfera) , a medicinal plant mainly grown in Kota, Bundi and Jhalawar districts of

the division. Marketing of this medicinal plant has also been started in Ramganjmandi from

January 2008.

Majorly Isfagul is produced in Rajasthan. Total production of Isfagul in Rajasthan is 113760 MT

in 2010-11. GUWAR SEED production is 1540544 which is the largest processing commodity in

Rajasthan. The production details of Isfagul, Guwar Seed & Mehandi (Heena) Is As Follows:

3.3.1 Medicinal Plants PRODUCTION (2010-11) , (IN M.T.) # DISTRICT

ISFAGUL TOTAL GUWAR SEED MEHANDI (HEENA)

1 AJMER 18 18 5471 3

2 ALWAR 1 203 23806 0

3 BANSWARA 0 0 398 0

4 BARAN 0 0 0 0

5 BARMER 19621 19621 142931 0

6 BHARATPUR 0 0 4338 0

7 BHILWARA 27 38 4898 10

8 BIKANER 2085 2085 403368 0

9 BUNDI 1 1 449 0

10 CHITTORGARH 1402 1420 1646 0

11 CHURU 2639 2639 94720 0

12 DAUSA 0 70 6246 0

13 DHOLPUR 0 0 303 0

14 DUNGARPUR 0 0 1366 0

Figure 2.36: Alovera


28

# DISTRICT ISFAGUL TOTAL GUWAR SEED MEHANDI (HEENA)

15 GANGANAGAR 5 5 163816 0

16 HANUMANGARH 2 2 216723 0

17 JAIPUR 6 18 40809 0

18 JAISALMER 9791 9791 127179 0

19 JALORE 21962 22067 33375 0

20 JHALAWAR 110 110 0 0

21 JHUNJHUNU 5 257 40543 0

22 JODHPUR 30010 30016 84512 802

23 KARAULI 0 56 742 0 24 KOTA

0 0 0 0 25 NAGAUR

23791 23791 35535 0 26 PALI

930 930 33441 16821 27 PRATAPGARH

839 839 29 0 28 RAJSAMAND

1 60 2010 0 29 S.MADHOPUR

0 0 735 0 30 SIKAR

414 414 50001 0 31 SIROHI

97 97 7608 0 32 TONK

1 1 1428 0 33 UDAIPUR

2 2 12118 0 RAJ. STATE

113760 114551 1540544 17636


29

Figure 4.1: Animal Husbandry

4. Animal Husbandry Animal Husbandry is a major economic activity, especially in the

arid and semi-arid regions of the State. This sector plays a vital role

in the rural economy of the State and has significant impact on

employment generation for marginal, sub-marginal and landless

farmers. “Livestock development policy”, has been formulated for

the welfare of farmers.

In this regards efforts have been made and “Rajiv Gandhi Mission on Agriculture and Animal

Husbandry” has been established for the purpose. As per the livestock census of 2007, there are

566.63 lakh animals and 49.94 lakh poultry in the State. The western districts of the state are

famous for indigenous cattle breed.

Animal husbandry is a more stable source of livelihood than farming since it is less affected by

failure of rains than is agriculture. Rajasthan is having third position in livestock population in

India and boasts of some of the finest breeds of camel, horse and other cattle breeds. It

contributes about 10% of national production of milk, 30% of mutton and over 40% of wool.

Animal Husbandry contributes about 13% to the G.D.P. of the State. Rajasthan has approx 7% of

the country’s cattle population and contributes over 11% of the total milk production, 30% of the

mutton and 40% wool produced in the country. Rajasthan stand first in wool production and third

in milk production in India.

Livestock and poultry have been the life saviours, in many distress conditions, especially in cases

of drought etc., for the rural poor. This sector has a great potential for rural self-employment at

the lowest possible investment per unit. Therefore, livestock development is a critical pathway to

rural prosperity.

The important breeds of cattle traded in the state are Rathi, Kankrej, Nagour, Tharparkar,

Haryana, Malvi, Gir, Sanchori and Mehwati. Regarding buffalo breed. Murrah buffalo is the

only preferred breed found in Rajasthan. Sheep also occupy an important place in animal


30

husbandry sector of the state. The important breeds of sheep are, Nali, Magra, Chokla or

Shekhavati, Marwadi, Jaisalmeri, Malpuri, Sonari or Chanother, Pugal and Bagdi.

The important goat breeds in the State are Jamnapari, Badwari, Alwari and Sirohi breeds, which

are reared for milk and meat, Lohi, and Jhalwadi breeds are mainly for meat purpose. Rajasthan

has the monopoly in breeding camels, Alwari; Bikaneri, Kachi and Jaisalmeri breeds are

considered as the best breeds of camels.

The livestock as per last Rajasthan animal census -2007 is as follows:

Species 1992 1997 2003 2007

in million

1. Cattle 116.7 122 108.5 124.1

2. Buffalo 77.75 97.56 104.5 115.4

3. Sheep 124.9 143.1 100.3 112.8

4. Goats 152.9 169.4 168.1 218.8

5. Camel 7.46 6.68 4.98 4.3

6. Pigs 2.53 3.03 3.37 2.18

7. Others 2.29 2.13 1.92 1.34

Total 484.5 543.9 491.7 579

Poultry 30.13 43.81 61.34 50.12

Table 4.1: Livestock in Rajasthan (Year 1992- Year 2007)(in million)

Source: Eighteenth Livestock Census


31

5. Dairy & Dairy Products: The main livestock products are milk, eggs and meat. While the population of cattle is going up

in the state, the milk production is also increased. According to the latest census, there has been a

increase of 11 per cent and 15 per cent in the buffalo and cow population, respectively, in the

state and the milk production has increased by 7.61 per cent. At present, 85 per cent of the cow

population is cross-bred and has the highest average milk production per day as compared to

other states.

S. No. Product Quantity 2011-2012 Quantity 2010-2011 Increase/ Decrease

1 Milk 5658 lakh litres 5256 lakh litres +7.61%

2 Eggs 45.23 Crores 42.80 Crores +5.66 %

3 Meat 69 (000 Tonnes) 67.84 (000 Tonnes) +1.71

Table 2.15: Livestock Products Production 2010-2011

Agriculture and dairying have always been inter-dependent in the state. The growth of dairy

industry with the milk production increasing to more than triple in the last few decades has been

commendable achievement and well recognized.

5.1 Dairy Development

The Dairy Development Programme in Rajasthan is being implemented through Cooperative

Societies. Under this programme upto December, 2011, 12,478 Primary Dairy Cooperative

Societies have been affiliated with 21 District Milk Producers Cooperative Unions spread over in

33 districts of the State and a State level Apex Body, ‘Rajasthan Cooperative Dairy Federation

(RCDF) Limited, Jaipur.

With financial assistance under various schemes and own resources, the installed milk handling

capacity of District Milk Union Plants have been increased to 15.50 lakh litres per day. In the

financial year 2010-11, all the affiliated milk Unions of RCDF have procured milk at an average

of 14.98 lakh kg. per day. Presently, more than 6.70 lakh milk producers are involved in Co-

operative based dairy development programme and are receiving round the year remuneration for

milk.


32

The key activities in Dairy Development Sector have been given in the following table:

Activity Unit Qty. 2011-12

(upto December, 2011)

Milk Procurement Lakh Kg. 4,118

Milk Marketing Lakh Lt. 4,322

Cattle Feed Sale (Milk Union) 000’ MT 133

Revived Societies Number 488

New Societies Number 141

Artificial and Natural Insemination 000’ Number 467

Table 5.1: Key Activities in Dairy Development Source: Source: 18th livestock census

RCDF is providing nutritious cattle feed. In the year 2011-12 upto December, 2011, 1.60 lakh

MT cattle feed has been produced and 1.70 lakh MT supplied to the milk producers of the State.

Dairy Federation is also producing value added products like Ghee, Butter, Cheese, milk powder,

curd, flavored milk, Ice-cream etc.

5.1.1 Dairies in Rajasthan: Dairy Development Program in Rajasthan is being implemented on the lines of world famous

‘Amul Pattern’ based on cooperation. Under this program, 9,951 Primary Dairy Cooperative

Societies (PDCS) have been registered and affiliated with District Dairy Unions. The Rajasthan

Co-operative Dairy Federation, even without any financial assistance in the recent years,

continued its successful journey with an ever growing membership of 6.40 lakh milk producers

with more than 23 percent growth in their economic status.

Dairy Development Program S. No. Item Unit 2009-10 2010-11

1 Dairy Co-operative Societies No. 8385 8874 2 Membership No. 555758 597661 3 Milk Procurement (a) Flush Lakh Lt per day 17.44 17.4 (b) Lean Lakh Lt per day 10.95 14.82 4 Diary Co-operative Societies Covered under animal health No. 6172 6547 5 Emergency Units No. 30 31 (a) Diary Co- operative Societies


33

Dairy Development Program

S. No. Item Unit 2009-10 2010-11 under A.I. Facilities No. 1844 2071 (b) A.I. Performed No. 219890 258382 6 Balance cattle feed sold M.T. 233335 240102 7 Fodder Seed sold Qtls. 6092 6528 8 D.C.S. Covered under No. 6172 6547 Animal Health 9 No. of Mobile Unit No. 1 2

Table 5.2: Dairy Development Program (2010-11) Source: Source: 18th livestock census

The Dairy Cooperative Network (As on March 2011)

• includes 177 milk unions and operates in over 346 districts

• Covers around 1,28,799 village level societies is owned by around 13.4 million farmer

members of which 3.7 million were women.

Brand: Saras

No. of Cooperative Unions 16

No. of Dairy plants 15

Capacity: 1,425 Thousand Litres per Day

Milk Product Range:

Pure Ghee Shrikhand Flavoured Milk Tetra Pack Milk Cheese Paneer Lassi SMP WMP Dairy Whitener Table Butter White Butter Dahi Shrikhand Ice Cream Rasgulla Chhach Khoa / Mawa Peda Kalakand Table 5.3: Milk Product Range

The demand for Saras milk (Brand name of RCDF Products) and milk products also grew by 40

percent in a wide range of milk products. District Dairy Unions, with their own financial

resources have increased their installed milk handling capacity from 9 lakh litres to 15.30 lakh

litres per day.

Rajasthan is showing very robust growth in the production of milk and contributing the nation in

a very big way as it is observed from above table that Rajasthan is ranked number two than its

neighbor states.


34

The growth of Rajasthan’s milk production from 2007-08 to 2011-12 is more than 16%.

Production which was 4531 Laks Lt. in 2007-08, it is increased to 5256 Laks Lt. in 2011-12. In

Rajasthan more than 40 dairies are there to collect that milk, among them some prominent are

Jaipur Dairy, lotus dairy and Milk boy etc.

5.2 Co-operative Credit Structure:

At present, 31 Central Cooperative Banks, 21 Milk Unions, 35 Upbhokta Wholesale Bhandars,

36 Primary Land Development Banks, 5,577 Primary Agriculture Credit Co-operative Societies,

and 257 General Kraya-Vikraya and Fruit & Vegetable Kraya Vikrya Sahakari Samities, a total

of about 30,634 Cooperative societies are registered in the State.

5.2.1 Cooperative marketing structure: There are Kraya Vikraya Samities at every Mandi yard

in the State and at apex level RAJFED is also functional. They are working to make available

high yielding variety of Seeds, Fertilizers and Pesticides to the farmers on fair prices and also

ensuring fair prices to the farmers for their crops. During the year 2011-12, upto December, 2011

Cooperative Marketing Socities have marketed consumer goods, agricultural inputs and

agricultural Produce of ` 416.43 crore, Rs. 495.75 crore and Rs. 193.53 crore respectively.

5.2.2 Cooperative consumer structure: In order to protect consumers from black marketing

and artificial scarcity of commodities and also maintaining the public distribution properly, Co-

operative Institutions have been functioning effectively. For this 34 Cooperative Wholesale

Bhandars and Rajasthan Rajya Sahkari Upbhokta Sangh Ltd. (CONFED) as apex institution is

working in consumer sector.

During the year 2011-12 upto December, 2011 consumer goods of worth Rs. 300.00 crore has

been sold against the target of Rs. 533.36 crore. At the level of Gram Seva Sahkari Samities, 491

Mini Uphar Super Markets have also been opened. To make Generic Medicines available, 451

Drug distribution centres are functioning under ‘Mukhya Mantri Nishulk Dawa Vitran Yojana’

by 43 cooperative societies.


35

5.2.3 Women Co-operative Societies: For the upliftment of women and bringing them into the

mainstream of development, particularly women of weaker sections, 2,462 Women Cooperative

Societies with 1,24,381 members have been constituted. A Ridhi-Sidhi Scheme is also functional

to make women self dependent.

5.2.4 Co-operative Dwelling: Under this, individual loans are being provided through Rajasthan

Cooperative Housing Federation (RCHF) for building construction, repairs & maintenance and

fulfilling the dream of building their own houses. Two schemes namely; Individual Housing

Scheme & Baby Blanket Scheme are being implemented. In RCHF, there are 1,344 Housing

Cooperative Societies with 5,580 nominal members. RCHF has been provided ` 108.60 lakh as

share capital by State Government. Its total share capital is ` 253.14 lakh.

5.2.5 Co-operative Processing: Three Spinning Mills at Gulabpura, Gangapur (Bhilwara) and

Hanumangarh are operating for benefitting cotton producers and weavers. Tilam Sangh is also

functioning in the State for enhancing oil seed production and providing edible oil to consumers

at reasonable prices. Seed production programme is being implemented at Kota, Fatehnagar,

Bikaner and Sri Ganganagar. 6,644 warehouses have been developed to increase the storage

capacity of institutions of the cooperative sector.

Cooperative Press and Training Centre are also functional in the cooperative sector.


36

6. Poultry Industry In Rajasthan poultry industry has developed to a good scale, it produces 1.5 millions eggs per

day compared to 2.5 million eggs in Karnataka, 2.5 million in Gujarat, 4.5 million eggs in

Madhya Pradesh, and 1.5 million eggs in Orissa. There are only five egg powder plants in India

which is grossly insufficient for growing export demand of egg powders, such as whole egg,

yolk and albumin.

The key export markets for Indian egg powder are EU and Japan which account for 56% and

22% of Indian exports respectively. Indian egg powder has significant growth potential given the

countries cost competitiveness in this area. The industry is growing rapidly at a rate of about

10% per annum.


37

7. Honey and Bee Keeping

Honey production in the state is now popularizing and the table below gives the number of bee

colonies and promoted by farmers with the crops:

S. No. District No. of Bee Colonies

No. of Bee Hives/ Equipment

Crop

1 Bharatpur 2000 2000 Mustard, Citrus, Ber,

Mango, Guava, Arhar,

Cucurbits, Dhaincha,

Neem

2 Karauli 1500 1500

3 S. Madhopur 1000 1000

4 Chittorgarh 700 700

5 Alwar 500 500

6 Kota 1500 1500

7 Jaipur 200 200

8 Ganganagar 1500 1500

9 Baran 500 500

10 Sirohi 300 300

11 Bhilwara 300 300

Total 10000 10000 Table 7.1: Honey and Bee Keeping


38

8. Fisheries

There is about 4.23 lakh hectares of water area for fishing (excluding rivers & canals in 0.87 lakh

hectares) in the form of major, medium reservoirs (3.29 lakh hectares), small tanks & ponds

(0.94 lakh hectares). Fishery activities, opportunity of employment is made available to the poor

rural youths. During the year 2011-12 upto December, 2011, 11,500 MT of fish and 438.68

million fish seed were produced.

Rajasthan, although a land of desert and sand dunes, has an estimated 3.30 lakh hectares of water

area for fishing in form of major, medium reservoirs (1.20 lakh ha.), tanks & ponds (1.80 lakh

ha.), and rivers & canals (0.30. lakh ha.).

Water bodies are being developed by stocking of quality fish seed and conservation of fish stock.

These are leased out for fish production to earn revenue for the State.

Water bodies are being developed by stocking of quality fish seed and conservation of fish stock.

These are leased out for fish production to earn revenue for the State. During the year 2011-12

upto December, 2011, revenue of Rs. 1,222.56 lakh was earned by leasing out water bodies.

Progress of Fisheries in Rajasthan S.No. Items 2011-12 upto December, 2011

1 Fish Seed Production Fry and Fingerlings 438.68 million

2 Fish Produced 11,500 MT

3 Income Rs. 1,222.56 lakh Table 8.1: Progress of Fisheries in Rajasthan Source: Eighteenth Livestock Census


39

9. Floriculture India is the second largest producer of flowers after China. Floricultural crops is concentrated in

Eights States comprising Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Maharashtra,

Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi. India’s Cut flower exports account for only 1%

of the world’s business in fresh Cut flowers. It has been found that commercial floriculture has

higher potential per unit area than most of the field crops and is, therefore, a lucrative business.

At present due to the advancement of scientific techniques in flower cultivation there is a

tremendous impetus to the growth of commercial floriculture in India.

Roses from Rajasthan have traditionally been used for fragrance, essence, rose water, and other

edible products. Rose cultivation has good potential in the Udaipur, Puskar and Haldighati

(Rajastmand district) areas, and 1985 ha. Land is used for Flower Production in Rajasthan.

Roses from Rajasthan are spreading across the world. There is a rose market at Ajmer which is a

centre point for export to foreign countries. In the area around Pushkar in Ajmer, a large number

of roses are cultivated and the petals are used for fragrance, essence, rose water, and other edible

products. A large quantity of roses is regularly sent from Pushkar and Ajmer to other parts of the

country.

In view of the unorganized set up, it is difficult to estimate the size of flower trade, both in terms

of volume and value. It is in the period of the last five years or so that this business has really

boomed, which is reflected in the number of new florist outlets in all cities and increase in the

public’s purchase of flowers as gifts. This would put the current trade at several times the earlier

estimate.

The production of Rose is estimated to be nearly 300,000 metric tonnes of loose flowers and

over 500 million cut flowers with stem in Pushkar, all these roses are of either red pink or yellow

colour. Maximum export of roses from Pushkar to other Indian states and abroad is in the form

of cut flowers or petals. Delhi, Surat and Kandwa are major buyers of rose from Pushkar.

Floricultural economy in Rajasthan has shifted to consumer-driven enterprises, rather producer-

driven economy.


40

In this scenario of consumer-driven market, producer of all sizes have to focus on marketing with

lookout for brands to boost their sales. Growers have to look for niches and value-added

products. There is a trend for direct marketing besides marketing, through super markets and

wholesale markets. Business management is becoming important in this scenario of global

competition.

Marketing of cut flowers is unorganised at present as in other states of India; flowers are brought

to wholesale markets, which mostly operate in open yards. A few large flower merchants

generally buy most of the produce and distribute them to local retail outlets after significant mark

up. The retail florist shops also usually operate in the open on-road sides, with different flowers

arranged in large buckets. In the metros, however, there are some good florist show rooms,

where flowers are kept in controlled temperature conditions, with considerable attention to value

added service.

The packaging and transportation of flowers from the production centres to the wholesale

markets at present is very unscientific. The flowers, depending on the kind, are packed in old

gunny bags, bamboo baskets, simple cartons or just wrapped in old newspapers and transported

to markets by road, rail or by air. The mode of transportation depends on the distance to the

markets and the volume. Mostly, flowers are harvested in the evening time and transported to

nearby cities by overnight trains or buses.

Breeding of high yield and fragrance varieties with proper processing packaging marketing and

transportation is necessary. The Government must undertake a study to work out research and

other requirements for distillation and re-distillation processes. Marketing arrangements through

formation of suitable clusters are to be developed to ensure good returns to the producers.

Development of a Rose market in Ajmer should be speeded up by Government of Rajasthan.

With the growing competitiveness, floriculture units in Rajasthan (Ajmer and Udaipur) have

been facing several constraints and with redressal of the problems, the sector may turn to be

viable enterprise for earning foreign exchange.


41

Assistance to the farmers by providing technical know-how, planting materials, creating pre and

post harvest and marketing infrastructure through various schemes and research are the main

requirement for development of this sector with following other steps will immensely benefit the

entrepreneurs engaged on floriculture in state:

• Streamlining of export/import regulation, and provision of in house quarantine

certification.

• Creation of infrastructure for export like fleet of refrigerated trucks, cold storage at

airports and pre-cooling facilities etc.

• Development and enforcement of quality standards.

• Allocation of guaranteed cargo space.

• Incentives to flower exporters-freight subsidy & cash compensatory system.

• Extensive international marketing and promotional support.

• Simplifying export document and billing procedures.

• Extending insurance coverage to include delayed delivery.

• Establishment of separate export promotion council on floriculture produces.

• Collaboration or market linkages with DFC (Dubai Flower Centre)

No doubt floriculture has acquired a special status in the basket of Rajasthan’s export

commodities. The sector is still in a nascent stage of development and accounts for a negligible

share in the total exports form Rajasthan. However, the sector has attracted attention of the major

giants from both within the country and overseas market. As a result, over the years, there has

been a mushroom growth of floricultural units in Rajasthan specially in Puskar (Ajmer). The

industry thus offers tremendous potential for boosting exports of floriculture and floriculture

products and the same are set to make a breakthrough in the near future.


42

10. Organic Farming

The state has already started organic farming and has established a sizable presence.

Strength:

� Capitalize on the naturally growing organic produce

� Linked with Internal Control System & Certification

� Began in 2008-09 – 466 ha area, 825 ha in 2010-11 & 1290 Area (ha) in 2011-12

However, it lacks standards for organic production and processing established by any state

Accreditation Agencies for specific crops in accordance with the National Standards for Organic

Products.

Accreditation means Registration by the National Accreditation Body for certifying organic

farms, products and processes as per the National Standards for Organic Products and as per the

guidelines of the National Accreditation Policy and Programme for organic products.

There is an urgent need to start State Programme for Organic Production to provide an

institutional mechanism for the implementation of National Standards for Organic Production,

through a State Accreditation Policy and Programme. The aims of the State Programme for

organic production, inter alia, should include the following:

(a) To provide the means of evaluation of certification programmes for organic agriculture

and products as per the approved criteria.

(b) To accredit certification programmes

(c) To facilitate certification of organic products in conformity to the National Standards

for Organic Products.

(d) To encourage the development of organic farming and organic processing


43

11. Existing Infrastructure Rajasthan's vibrant agriculture sector offers various opportunities for the successful

establishment of vibrant and potentially profitable agro-processing units. The rich basket of cash

crops, fruits and vegetables with potential for value addition offers opportunity in development

of common facilities like quality testing labs, cold storages, cold chains and packaging houses,

and in setting up of private markets, consumer-farmer markets, and modern terminal markets.

Rajasthan has easy access through the corridor between the wealthy northern and the prosperous

western states of India which enables it to provide quick and low-cost access to the two largest

consumer markets in the country.

Rajasthan also provides passage between the ports on the western coastline and the landlocked

states in the north. Rajasthan touches 6 major states of northern, western and central India ―

Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Delhi ― giving direct access to

an aggregate market of about 330 million people.

11.1 State Warehousing

The main activity of the Rajasthan State Warehousing Corporation (RSWC) is to build godowns

and warehouses in the State for scientific storage of agricultural produces, seeds, manures,

fertilizers, agricultural implements and other notified commodities of the farmers, co-operative

societies, traders, government and other institutions. The authorized share capital of the

Corporation is Rs. 800.00 lakh and paid-up share capital is Rs. 785.26 lakh.

The Corporation is operating 90 warehouses in 31 districts of the State with total storage

capacity of 7.88 lakh MT as on December, 2011 and its utilization of the storage capacity is 92

per cent. The Corporation is providing 70 per cent, 60 per cent and 10 per cent rebate for storage

charges respectively to SC/ST farmers, other farmers and co-operative societies, which is highest

as compared to all other State Warehousing Corporations and Central Warehousing Corporation.

In the year 2010-11 the Corporation has constructed 21,150 MT storage capacity. In the year

2011-12, warehouses with storage capacity of 44,440 MT are under construction.


44

The Corporation has initiated a pledged loan scheme to provide loan assistance to the farmers of

75 per cent value of their agriculture produce i.e. Mustard, Coriander, Soyabean, Wheat,

Taramira, Linseed, Sesamum, Gwar, Methi, Cuminseed and Isabgol stored by them in the

warehouses. Initially, the normal term of pledged loan was 90 days extendable in special

circumstances upto 150 days. This term of pledge loan has been increased from 90 days to 180

days and thereafter in special circumstances to 270 days on penal interest. In order to attract the

farmers, the rate of interest has been reduced from 16 per cent to 12 per cent.

11.2 Agro Food Parks: Agro Food parks are useful to provide support to small & medium entrepreneurs to reduce in

capital intensive facilities, such as cold storage, warehouse, quality control labs, effluent

treatment plant etc. Assistance for development of these as common facilities can make the

cluster of food processing units, not only become more cost competitive, but also have a better

market orientation.

These parks if planned in the right spirit, can provide support to ensure a better return to the

growers and farmers of agriculture and horticulture produce, avoid wastage of primary

agricultural-horticultural produce in all stages namely pre-harvest including transport and

storage, following are the other advantages of Park:

1. To make available well balanced and nutritious processed food products to the people;

2. To tap the full potential of the rich bio-diversity of the state;

3. Augment exports of both primary and processed food products

4. To encourage technology up- gradation in all stages of food production.

5. To encourage farmers enterprise in all aspects of policy implementation

At present there are four Agro food parks in Rajasthan these are in Kota, Jodhpur, Sri

Ganganagar and Alwar. These parks are developed by RIICO with the view to provide backward

and forward linkage with a market oriented approach, lowering the cost of production through

economies of scale.


45

Kota Coriander, Fenugreek, Aonla, Mandarin, Garlic, Potatoes, Tomato

Jodhpur Cumin, Chilli, Garlic, Onion, Ber, Pomegranate, Aonla, Sonamukhi, Mehandi, Isabgol

Ganganagar Kinnow, Orange, Aromatic grasses

Alwar Chilli, citrus Aonla, Capsicum

Table 11.1: Agro Food Park and agri produce likely for processing

Figure 11.1 : Existing Agro Food Parks in Rajasthan

Common facilities which are planned to be developed in these parks are:

� Well developed industrial infrastructure

� Power & Water Supply in the area

� Cold Storage

� Warehousing

� Mini market yards at Kota and Alwar

� Quality control and testing laboratory

� Common effluent treatment plant

� Solid waste disposal facilities


46

However most of the places out of the above facilities only partial work have been completed so

far, thus the required investment has not come and in most of the parks hardly 40 to 50% of the

units only have started their units.

a. Agro Food Park: Kota (Ranpur) Agriculture is the predominant activity of Kota. The major crops grown in the districts are

mustard, soybean, wheat, gram and coriander. Due to the substantial agriculture production,

many agro-based industries, oilseeds processing, pulse making, flour and bakery making, rice

making units has been developed to provide strength to these exiting and upcoming units a Agro

food park has been set up in Kota. The total Area of this Agro food park is 139.80 acres in 1st ph.

and 99.50 acres in 2nd phase with total number of plots 151 in 1st phase and 155 in 2nd phase.

Agro Food Park Kota

Location Located on Jaipur-Jabalpur NH 12 at a distance of 19 km from Kota

Railway Station

Area 139.80 acres in 1st ph. and 99.50 acres in 2nd phase

Transportation Well connected by three modes of transport, i.e. road, railways and

air network.

Bus Stand Central Bus Stand Kota: 13 km

Airport Kota Airport: 10 km

Intra-city transport Bus, Auto, Taxi

Distances from major

cities

Delhi: 489 km

Jaipur: 260 km

Mumbai: 998 km

Plots in the area Type Area 151 in 1st phase and 155 in 2nd phase No. of plots

Inland Container Depot

(ICD)

Central Warehousing Corporation's ICD at Kota

Water Supply Ample amount of groundwater available. RIICO has its own water

supply network.

Power Supply 33 KV S/S installed in the area.

Telecom facility Basic telephony service provider: BSNL

Services available: Mobile/WLL/STD/ISD/Internet


47

Social infrastructure Police Chowki located at a distance of 3 km at Jagpura. Fire fighting

station located at a distance of 10 km.

All leading Banks, Post Office and Hospitals located nearby.

Housing colonies, shopping centres, hotels, cinema halls located in a

periphery of 10 km.

Educational Institutions Medical college, Engineering college, PostGraduate college,

Management Institute, Polytechnic and ITI located in Kota city.

Schools affiliated to major boards also available. In recent past Kota

has become country's major hub for pre-medical/engineering

coaching centres.

Prominent industries in

and around the area

DSCL, Instrumentation Ltd., Multi Metal Ind., Bedala Flour Mill,

Kota Dairy, Rajasthan Telematics Limited, Rajasthan hybrid

Limited, Tilam Sangh Oil Mill, Dolson Container, Ruchi Soya Ind.

Table 11.2: Agro Food Park Kota Source: www.riico.com

b. Agro Food Park: Boranada, Jodhpur: This is second Agro Park in Rajastahn with area of

193.54 Acre in 1st phase and 66.24 acres in 2nd phase and Total number of plots are 233 in

1st phase and 78 in 2nd phase.

Agro Food Park Jodhpur

Location Agro Food Park, Boranada

Area Area under scheme - 193.54 acres

Transportation infrastructure

Bus Stand Main Bus Stand at Jodhpur - 20 Km

Airport At Jodhpur - 20 Km

Inter-city transport City Bus services are available

Distance from major cities Jaipur-340 KM, Delhi-689 KM, Agra-688 KM

& Ahmedabad-601 KM

Inland Container Depot (ICD) Available at S/G, Pal & Jodhpur

Water Supply Proposed through RIICO

Power Supply Proposed through JVVNLtd, Jodhpur


48

Telecom facility Proposed through BSNL/Private Telecom

Social infrastructure RIICO Residential colony, Bank etc.

Educational Institutions Educational facilities like - Schools, Engineering

Colleges, Law University, Ayurvedic University

Medical College, General Universities etc. are

available.

Prominent industries in and around the

area

Handicrafts, Flour Mills & Mineral Industries.

Table 11.3: Agro Food Park Jodhpur Source: www.riico.com

c. Agro Food Park: Sriganganagar : It is the third agro park with are of 81.14 acres at

Sriganganagar. Total number of plots are 77, details are as follows:

Agro Food Park, Sriganganagar Location Udyog Vihar, Sriganganagar

Area 81.14 Acre

Transportation infrastructure

Bus Stand Sriganganagar at 12 Km

Airport Nearst Airpot Chandirgarh at 350 Kms, Jaipur at 480 Km

Intra-city transport Taxi- Car, Rickshaw and Auto Rickshaw

Distances from major cities 400 Kms from Delhi

480 Kms from Jaipur

350 Kms from Chandigarh

Inland Container Depot (ICD) Nearset ICD Depot. Ludhiana, (Distance 350 Km)

Jaipur (Distance 480 Km )

Jodhpur (Distance 500 Km)

Water Supply Gang Canal water with filtration facility

Power Supply 132 KV GSS available within area

Telecom facility 1000 Line Telecom exchange at 2KM

BSNL & Reliance Cellular Service towers

Social Infrastructure Recreation clubs at Sriganganagar


49

Picture Halls at Sriganganagar.

Lions & Rotary Clubs at Sriganganagar

Educational Institutions Senior Secondary School at 1 Km with Hostal Facility

Post graduate Level College at Sriganganagar.

Dental College at Sriganganagar.

Table 11.4: Udyog Vihar, Sriganganagar d. Agro Food Park: Alwar Alwar Agro food park is fourth agro –park with area of 185.94 acres it is located in Matsya

Industrial Area, Alwar. It has 201 plots, size ranging between 1000 to 8000 sq.m.

Agro Food Park, Alwar

1. Location : Matsya Industrial Area, Alwar

2. Area : 185.94 Acre

3. Transportation infrastructure

Bus Stand Alwar at 15 Km Delhi & Jaipur both

Airport Nearest Airport 150 Kms

Intra-city transport Taxi-car, Rickshaw and Auto Rickshaw

4. Distances form major cities : 150 Kms From Delhi

150 Kms from Jaipur

Table 11.5: Agro Food Park, Alwar

11.3 : Agro Export Zones: To promote agri commodities exports, Agri Export Zones have been planned by state

Government mainly for spices :

AEZ for Coriander AEZ for Cumin

Kota Baran Jhalawar Bundi Chittorgarh

Barmer Jalore Jodhpur Nagaur Pali

Table 11.6: Agri Export Zones


50

11.4 Agro Logistic Park: Kalptaru (Shree Shubham Logistics Limited) has taken initiative in Rajasthan and planned to

open 41 Agri logistic parks across India out of which seven agro logistic parks will be opened in

Rajasthan. The Agri Logistic Parks, with a storage capacity of around 20000 metric tons each,

have been planned to accommodate facilities such as processing, certification, dry and cold

storage, auction yard funding etc. for the agri commodities.

These warehouses will provide world class storage facilities in Rajasthan and it is spread over 4

lacs square feet with a capacity of 20000 metric tonnes. At Jodhpur ALP, this park is providing

produce arrives, facilities like weighing services, & certification, fumigation, storage, cleaning,

processing, packaging, an auction yard along with amenities for exports are available under one

roof. Four agri logistics parks have already become operational at Merta, Sriganganagar, and

Bikaner in Rajasthan.

These services are oriented to encompass the Agri Commodity Value Chain through farmer,

trader, banks and all corporate. These ware houses are positioned to provide infrastructural,

operational, documentation, sourcing, processing, and technical & certification support to

customers.

These logistics parks are being designed for:

� Operating / Functional efficiency

� Increase in our customer's efficiency and productivity

� Designs that lead by example

� Internal roads to provide for space for free movement of trucks. They are properly

marked/ specified, maintained and policed to avoid congestion.

� Secure and Safe

� Proper labeling/ Signages of the various buildings, blocks and places facilitate movement

of vehicles, men and material.


51

11.4.1 Facilities and Amenities

• Warehouses of world class Pre-Engineered structures • Insulation on roof and walls to reduce heat conduction • Auction yard space • Associated staff & driver facilities

Phase 1 Location Storage Type Capacity in MT Commodity

Mertha Dry Storage 17500 Multi Commodity

Sri Ganganagar Dry Storage 25000 Guar Gum, Guar Seed, Cotton, Mustard, Wheat etc.

Bikaner Dry Storage 20000 Green Gram, Guar Gum, Guar Seed, Ground Nut etc.

Jodhpur Dry Storage 20000 Guar Gum, Guar Seed, Cumin Seed, Mustard, Sugar, Wheat etc.

Alwar Dry Storage 20000 Mustard

Ramganj Mandi

Cold Storage 6000 Coriander

Dry Storage 6000 Coriander and Pulses

Kota Dry Storage 21000 Mustard, Soya bean, Wheat, Coriander etc.

Jaipur Cold Storage 5000 Multi Commodity

Dry Storage 10000 Multi Commodity

Table 11.7: Agro Logistics Parks in the state


52

11.4.2 Prominent Ware houses and Logistics Companies are as follows: Sri Ganganagar Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Khasra No. 12, Village – Netewala, Ganganagar - Suratgarh Highway, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan

Jodhpur Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Village – Salawas, Panchayat – Luni, Jodhpur, Rajasthan

Bikaner Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Opp. Hussainsir Pumping House, Village - Bassi Sez Bardan, Bikaner - Ganganagar Highway, Bikaner, Rajasthan

Cold Storage & Dry Storage warehouse Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Khasra No. 58/2, Desuriya Vishnoiyan, Jodhpur - Nagaur Highway, Jodhpur, Rajasthan Tel – 0291 – 3291960 / 0291 – 5170122

Merta City Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Khasra No. 35 & 36, Village – Saragbasni (Choraha), Merta Road Marg, Merta City, Dist. - Nagour, Rajasthan

Dry Storage warehouse Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Industrial Plot Chak No. 7, Khasra No. 1815/1087, Near Basni Industrial Area, Jodhpur, Rajasthan Tel – 0291 – 5120545 / 0291 – 2771212

Ramganj Mandi Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Khasra No.- 29 & 37, Village – Banda, Tehsil – Ramganj Mandi,

Processing Unit and Dry Storage Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Plot No. E-17, M.I.A. Basni IInd Phase, Jodhpur – 342007, Rajasthan Tel – 0291 – 5120545 / 0291 – 2771212

Alwar Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Khasra No. 155, Near Ashok Leyland, Village – Rundh Dhuninath, Tehsil - Ramgad, Dist. - Alwar, Rajasthan

Dry Storage warehouse Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Khasra No. 1048/740, Near Basni Industrial Area, Jodhpur, Rajasthan Tel – 0291 – 5120545 / 0291 – 2771212

Kota Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd., Opp. Kota Club House, Kaithoon Road, Village – Kaithoon, Tehsil – Ladpura, Kota, Rajasthan


53

11.5 Mandies

Infrastructural facilities like Krishi Upaj Mandi Samities (KUMS) are required for efficient

marketing system and optimum utilization of surplus agricultural produce, so that farmers shall

get remunerative prices for their produce and protection from the exploitation by middle-men

where as the consumers should also be able to obtain the quality produce and its processed

products at the same time also, to enable the consumer to obtain quality produce and processed

products at a reasonable price.

11.5.1 Commodity Specific Markets

Commodity Specific Markets

Commodity Commodity Specific Markets

Commodity

Merta city Cumin Bassi Tomato

Alwar Onion Pushkar Flowers

Ramganjmandi Coriander Bhawanimandi Orange

Chomu Aonla SGNR Kinnow

Chipabarod Garlic Ajmer Flowers

Tonk Chilli Shahpura Tinda

S.Madhopur Guava Sojatcity Mehandi

Jodhpur Cumin Sojatcity Sonamukhi

Bhinmal Isabgol Jhalrapatan Ashwgandha

Table 11.8: Commodity Specific Markets


54

11.5.2 Present Status of Mandies in Rajasthan is as follows:

a. Ajmer Division Ajmer Nagaur Tonk

Mandi Ajmer Kekri Madanganj Kishangarh

Didwana Kuchaman City

Merta City

Deoli Malpura Tonk

Population served

1000000 34135 1000000

521000 304236 15000 45000 204362

Area served 224 325 210 273 421 182 63 242 237

Time at which sale begins ( AM)

8 11 9

11 10 10 11 11

Time at which sale ends ( PM)

8 6 5

6 6 6 8 8

Holiday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Tuesday Tuesday Sunday

Market hours 12 12 6 12 16 16 8 12 12

Storage Yes yes Yes no yes yes

yes Yes

Storage capacity

5000 mt NA NA NA NA NA

250 MT 500 MT

No. of cold storage

1 NA NA NA NA NA

NA NA

Commission 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%

Market fee 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60%

Table 11.9: Present Status of Mandies in Rajasthan Source: Agmarknet.nic.in

a.1 Distance of Mandis from Their Nearest Railway Station In Ajmer Division

Figure 11.2: Distance of Mandis from Their Nearest Railway Station In Ajmer Division


55

In Ajmer Division some mandies are far from railway stations such as Kekri has a distance of 60

Km. from its nearest railway station, Malpura (90 Km.), Deoli (45 Km.), Tonk (35 Km.) but

some mandies are very near to railway stations such as Ajmer (0 Km.), Merta City (2 Km.),

Didwana (5 Km.), Madanganj Kinshangarh (2 Km.) etc. Upcoming Food processing units can be

setup in the approach range of these mandies so that raw material can be easily procured in

minimum time and with low transportation cost and finish goods can be supplied.

b. Jodhpur Division: Jodhpur Division is having sufficient mandis and easy approach to

customer. The details are as follows given in the table below:

JODHPUR DIVISION

Barmer Jaisalmer Jalore Jodhpur Pali Sirohi

Mandi Barmer NA Sanchor Bilara Jaitaran Pali Marwar Rani Station Aburoad

Population served

100000 NA 368000

388221 410011 215256 500000

Area served 812 NA 270 45 239 186 154 668

Time at which sale begins

6 NA 8 10 8 9 10 5

Time at which sale ends

10 NA 6 6 8 6 5 8

Holiday Sunday NA Sunday Wed Sunday Sunday Sunday Monday

Market hours

10 NA 10 8 12 9 8 12

Storage no NA Yes

Yes

no No

Storage capacity

Na NA NA NA 1500 MT NA NA NA

No. of cold storage

Na NA NA NA 1 NA NA NA

Commission 2% NA 2% 2% 2% 0% 2% 2%

Market fee 1.60% NA 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% Table 11.10: Jodhpur Division Source: Agmarknet.nic.in


56

b.1 Distance in Km of Mandis from Their Nearest Railway Station in Jodhpur Division

Figure 11.3 : Distance in Km of Mandis from Their Nearest Railway Station in Jodhpur Division

c. Kota Division: Baran Bundi Jhalawar Kota

Mandi Atru Baran

Kawai salpura

NA NA Chhabra Kota

( Grain)

Kota

F & V Bapawar Sangod

Population served

11000 326200 30000 NA NA

15000 10000 25000

Area served 160 710 50 NA NA 180

25

60


10 10 10 NA NA 10 10 8 10 10


6 6 5 NA NA 5 5 6 5 5

Holiday Sun Sun Sun NA NA Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun

Market hours

8 10 7 NA NA 7 7 10 8 8

Storage Yes Yes

NA NA Yes Yes No No No

Storage capacity

NA NA NA NA NA NA 2300 (mt)

NA NA NA

No. (cold storage)

NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 NA NA NA

Comm. 2% 2% Na NA NA 0 2% 2% 2% 2%


57

Baran Bundi Jhalawar Kota

Mandi Atru Baran

Kawai salpura

NA NA Chhabra Kota

( Grain)

Kota

F & V Bapawar Sangod

Mkt. fee % 1.60 1.60 Na NA NA 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60

Reg./Non reg.

Y Y Y NA NA Y Y Y Y Y

Table 11.11: Distance in Km of Mandis from Their Nearest Railway Station in Jodhpur Division Source: Agmarnet.nic.in

c.1 Distance of Mandies from Their Nearest Railway Station In Kota Division

Figure 2.45: Distance of Mandies from Their Nearest Railway Station in Kota Division

Some mandies in Kota Division like Bapawar has a distance of 55 km. from its nearest railway

station and Kota Mandi has distance of 15 km. On other hand mandies like Atru, Baran, Kawai

Salpura, Kota and Sangod has railway station nearby. So food processing units can be

established nearby these mandies so these units can procure raw materials easily and these units

can export their products through railway network without occurring extra cost.


58

d. Udaipur Division

Chittorgarh Dungarpur

Rajsa mand

Udaipur

Mandi Badri- sadri Begu Chitto-

rgarh Nimba-

hera Pratap-

garh Dungar-

pur Rajsa- mand

Fateh- nagar

Udaipur Grain

Udaipur (FV)

Population served

200000

150000 1107643

446668 500 5000

Area served 262 464 293 412 589 872 134 438 150 9 Time at which

sale begins 10 10 7

8 10 8 10 9 Na


5 5 5

8 6 8 5 6 Na

Holiday Sun Sun Sun Sun Mon Sun Sun sun Sun Purnima

Market hours 7 7 12 12 12 9 12 12 9 12

Storage yes yes yes yes No yes yes yes yes yes Storage

capacity(MT) 1000 250 1000 1000

1000 Na

No. of cold storage

0 Na Na Na Na 0 Na Na 3 Na

Comm. 2% 2% 6% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%

Market fee 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% Table 11.12: Udaipur Division

d.1 Distance ( Km)of Mandies from Their Nearest Railway Station In Udaipur Division

Figure 11.4: Distance (Km) of Mandies from Their Nearest Railway Station in Udaipur Division

In Udaipur Division some mandies like Pratapgarh and Begu has a distance of 35 Km. and 23

Km consecutively from their nearest railway station and on other hand mandies like Badrisadri,

Udaipur(FV), Udaipur( Grain), Fatehnagar, Rajsamand, Dungarpur, Nimbahera and Chittorgarh

has railway station nearby.


59

e. Jaipur Division Alwar Jaipur Jhunjhunu Sikar

Mandi Alwar Alwar (F&V)

Khair thal

Chomu (Jaipur)

Chirawa Nawal-

garh Surajgarh Degana

Neem ka

thana Sikar

Shrimadhopur

Population served

10260

NA NA NA 20000 199838 410429

500000

Area Served 755

114 NA NA 220 152 104

150


6 6 12 8 8 10 NA NA 10 8 8


2 6 6 8 6 6 NA NA 10 7 8

Holiday Sun Sun Sun Wed. Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun

Market hours

8 12 12 12 10 8 10 12 12 10 12

Storage No Yes Yes NA NA NA No Yes Yes Yes

Storage capacity (MT)

65000

500 NA NA NA

300 10000 3 MT

No. of cold storage

2

1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Comm. 2% 2%

2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%

Market fee 1.60% 1.60%

1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.60% 1.6% 1.60%

Table 11.13: Jaipur Division Source: Agmarknet.nic.in

e.1 Distance of Mandies from Their Nearest Railway Station in Jaipur Division

Figure 11.5: Distance of Mandies from Their Nearest Railway Station in Jaipur Division

In Jaipur Division maximum of mandies are situated nearby railway station and they are

connected through National Highways like Alwar and Khairthal are connected through NH 8,

Chomu, Sikar, Shrimadhopur are connected through NH 11 and Degana is connected through

NH 18.


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f. Bikaner Division Mandi Population

served

area served Time at

which

sale

begins

Time at

which

sale ends

Holiday Market

hours

Storage Storage

capacity

(MT)

No. of

cold

storage

Comm. Market

fee

Bik

aner

Bikaner Grain 1000000 100 10 6 Sun 8 yes 4000 4 2% 1.60%

Bikaner

(F&V)

1200000 240 6 6 Sun 12 yes 22000 6% 1.60%

Nokha 50000 110 11 6 Sun 8 yes 500 1 2% 1.60%

Sridungargarh 227000 98 8 8 Sun 12 No 2% 1.60%

Chu

ru Sadulpur 8 5 Sun 10 No 2% 1.60%

Sujangarh 385 173 10 6 Sun 12 yes 2% 1.60%

Gan

gana

gar

Anoopgarh 29525 344 8 8 Sun 12 no 6% 1.60%

Gajsinghpur 9630 81 8 6 Sun 12 yes 9400 0 2% 1.60%

Gharsana 174 8 6 Sun 12 No 2% 1.60%

Jaitsar 10000 73 8 8 Sun 12 No 0 2% 1.60%

Kesrisinghpur 13155 88 8 8 Sun 10 yes 2% 1.60%

Padam Pur 16917 119 8 6 Sun 10 yes 13050 0 2% 1.60%

Rai Singh Nagar 360 9 6 Sun 9 yes 2500 1 2% 1.60%

Rawala 18000 185 10 6 Sun 12 No 2% 1.60%

Sadulshahar 105994 36 9 7 Sun 10 yes 2% 1.60%

Sri Karanpur 22000 112 8 8 Sun 12 No 2% 1.60%

Sri Vijay Nagar 17864 212 8 6 Sun 10 yes 2% 1.60%

Sri Ganga Nagar 1200000 384 Sun 10 yes 800 4 2% 1.60%

Han

unga

rh

Bhadra 164897 113 10 5 Sun 7 No 6% 1.60%

Goluwala 37003 10 7 6 Sun 7 yes 2% 1.60%

Nohar 60000 200 10 6 Sun 9 yes 2% 1.60%

Pilibanga 27 10 6 Sun 8 no 2% 1.60%

Sangaria 141697 25 10 5 Sun 7 yes 2% 1.60%

Suratgarh 60 30 10 7 Sun 9 yes 2% 1.60%

Table 11.14 Bikaner Division Source: Agmarknet.nic.in


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f.1 Distance (Km) of Mandies from Their Nearest Railway Station in Bikaner Division

Figure 11.6: Distance (Km) of Mandies from Their Nearest Railway Station in Bikaner Division

In Bikaner Division some mandies like Rawala, Goluwala and Gharsana has a distance of 55

Km., 25 Km. and 25 Km consecutively from their nearest railway station and on other hand rest

of mandies has railway station nearby. National Highways like 15, 11, 65, and 89 are connecting

all of these mandies to national market.

g. Bharatpur Division Swaimadhopur

Mandi Gangapur City Sawai Madhopur

Population served 683023

Area searved 448

Time at which sale begeins 8 10

Time at which sale ends 8 6

Holiday Sunday Sunday


62

Swaimadhopur

Mandi Gangapur City Sawai Madhopur

Market hours 12 8

No. Of cold storage

Commission 2% 2%

Market fee 1.60% 1.60%

Regulated/non regulated Y Y

Table 11.15: Bharatpur Division Source: www.agmarknet.nic.in

From the above table we can analyze that the condition of Bharatpur division is very critical even after

taking so many initiatives Bharatpur Division do not have sufficient number of proper mandies.

The major lacunae in the mandies are: • Markets are far away

• Inadequate market space

• Poor roads in and outside the market

• Lack of drainage in market places

• Bad transport conditions

• Drinking water and electricity problem

• Lack of finance

• Lack of storage facility

• Traditional marketing system

• Lack of market infrastructure

• Frequent strikes (Bandh)


63

11.6 Cold Storages: Rajasthan is having 92 cold stores with a total capacity of 255561 MT. Out of the total cold

storage capacity in the Rajasthan, mostly are in Jaipur, Jodhpur and Bharatpur. In terms of

products, nearly 78 per cent of the cold storage capacity are utilized for potato and potato seeds

and only about 0.4 per cent was used for fruits and vegetables, and rest are for milk and Kirana.

S. No. District No. of Cold Storage

Total Capacity Products Stored

1. Ajmer 2 3334 Potato Flower, Egg, Jiggery and Multipurpose

2. Alwar 3 4648 Milk & Milk Products

3. Barmer 1 2025 Multipurpose

4. Bharatpur 14 52535 Potato

5. Bikaner 8 11403 Multipurpose, Milk & Milk Products

6. Jaipur 33 125792 Multipurpose, Others (Hotel), Milk & Milk Products, Potatoes.

7. Dholpur 1 4505 Multipurpose

8. Jhalawar 2 1015 Multipurpose

9. Jodhpur 11 22829 Multipurpose. Milk & Milk Products

10. Kota 5 13114 Multipurpose, Milk & Milk Products

11. Sriganganagar 5 5891 Potatoes, Multipurpose

12. Udaipur 4 8470 Milk & Milk Products, Multipurpose

Table 11.16: Cold Storage in Rajasthan

Most of the existing cold storages comprise of one or two large chambers generally designed for

single product storage, mainly to stock up potato and potato seed for about 6 months a year and

generally remain idle during the rest of the year. These cold storages are not suitable for storing

multiple horticulture commodities due to the nature of their design.


64

The technology in use has mainly based itself on low cost designs hence creating one or two

large chambers with inadequate insulation and poorly designed cooling systems comprising of

diffusers or bunker coil system which is an 80 year old technology for storing single commodity

like potato. All this lead to high energy wastages, escalation in cost of storage and at the same

time deterioration of quality of fresh produced resulting to value loss.

Cold storages for fresh fruits, vegetables and flowers have been set up with financial assistance

to entrepreneurs under various government schemes( Mostly NHB). However, the growth of the

sector with improved technology was not taking place at a desired rate. Maximum cold storages

are under the private sector, summarized details are as follows:

Figure 11.7: Cold Storages in Rajasthan

Source: http://www.agmarknet.nic .in/sectorcold311207.htm Commodity Wise Distribution of Cold Storage in Rajasthan: Category Potato Multipurpose Milk &Milk Products No. of cold storage 19 76 8 capacity (in MT) 65896 246966 1781 Table 11.17: Commodity Wise Distribution of Cold Storage in Rajasthan Source: http://www.agmarknet.nic.in

Figure 11.8: Commodity wise Distribution of Cold Storages in Rajasthan

1%


65

Development of Cold-Chain in Rajasthan has indicated more than 90% of the existing cold stores

are using inadequate insulation on the walls and ceilings. The level of insulation used in the

construction of cold store is very low when compared to appropriate International and Indian

standards applicable on insulation requirements and the methodology.

Further, normative cost of cold storages under government schemes being neutral to design

specifications of cold storage, the primary criteria while constructing cold store is to construct

the facility at the lowest possible costs in order to maximize immediate gains and therefore even

the basic design requirements are compromised. In rural areas even the Cold Storage Buildings

generally do not follow the basic building codes published by the Bureau of Indian Standards.

The type of insulation used is generally expanded polystyrene or glass wool / mineral wool and

even in certain cases rice husk. Though superior insulation like polyurethane foam (PUF) and

extruded polystyrene is readily available in the country, the main criteria for selection of

insulation revolves around initial capital costs.

11.6.1 Some of the Issues in Cold Storage are as follows:

� Lack of regulated market and co-operative marketing societies were responded positively

by 96 per cent of the farmers. Due to non-regulatory system of marketing, producers at

the mercy of middle men. Various malpractices such as deduction of more charges,

payment by installments, quoting of lower prices than actual, deduction of undue charges

etc. are generally followed by these middle men. Moreover, the farmers consent is not

being taken before selling the produce.

� The market infrastructure for the fruit crop is poor in terms of cold storage, transportation

facility and undependable roads. It is imperative to mention here that the failure of the

state government in creating the cold storage facility have added to the crisis. Due to

uncertainty of road transportation, the farmers rush their crop to terminal markets,

thinking the closure of road. This increases the supplies against a meager demand which

results finally in fewer prices. Moreover, the farmers are also exploited by the

transporters due to non-availability of sufficient trucks at the time of peak season.


66

� Under-utilization of installed capacity due to seasonality in supply of raw materials, lack

of proper storage facilities to store the raw materials, cold storage facilities, etc.

� The major problems faced were delay in payment, lack of competition among buyers,

lack of marketing information, lack of cold storage facilities and lack of better and

cheaper packing material accounting about 95, 88, 83 and 82 per cent, respectively.

� The problems associated with marketing of vegetables were, absence of cold storage

structures, high transportation cost, unawareness of market information, lack of support

price and unsatisfactory marketing arrangements. Based on the findings of the study, the

policy implications which emerged out are (i) there is a need of installation of cold

storage structures (ii) Proper market information should be made available to the farmers.

For that, the extension agency should be strengthened (iii) Adequate and timely credit

should be provided to the farmers. (iv) The government should give priority for the

establishment and smooth functioning of regulated markets. (v) Production and

marketing techniques have to be integrated to reduce postharvest losses and (vi) The

government should provide a good support price for the produce.

� The main problem related to low quantity of milk marketed by the producers in the Co-

operative area. Low price of the milk was the main problems as reported by (84.12%) of

the respondents followed by lack of cold storage (61.90%), delay in payments (42.85%),

inadequate water for animal (36.50%), lack of all weather roads (30.15%), small quantity

of marketable surplus (23.81%), improper treatment of animals (20.63%), lack of cross

breed animal (9.52%) and uncertainty of electricity (6.35%)

� Low price of milk is the most important problems in the collection of milk, followed by

lack of cold storage, delay in payment, inadequate water for animals, lack of all weather

roads, small quantity of marketable surplus of milk, improper treatment, lack of cross

breed animals and uncertainty of electricity. Hence, efforts should be made to solve all

these constraints.

� Lack of cold storage is the main problem faced by milk producer’s co-operative society

followed by lack of all weather roads, private trading and local politics. Hence, efforts

should be made to solve all these constraints.

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