Phonology Mine Etruscan Uncial Greek Roman English

open / central / short a a # A A a above

open / central / long ā á # A AA, Á aa, á bar

mid / front / short e e E E E e bet

mid / front / long ē é E H EE, É ee, é German Lehrer

close / front / short i i i I I i fit

close / front / long ī í i EI II, Í ii, í feet

mid / back / short o o O O O o bot

mid / back / long ō ó O W OO, Ó oo, ó bought

close / back / short u u u OU V u book

close / back / long ū ú u OU VV, V uu, ú boot

diphtong* a ay i# AI AI ai light

diphtong* a aw u# AOU AV au now

diphtong* e ey iE EI EI ei bait

diphtong* e ew uE EOU EV eu Spanish neutro

diphtong* o oy iO OI OI oi boy

diphtong* o ow uO OOU OV ou low

occlusive / voiced / plosive / bilabial b b B B B b bear

occlusive / voiceless / plosive /

velark k k K C c key

allophone of /k/ before /t/ χ kh w X CH ch loch (Scottish)

/ks/ ks ks x C X(S) x(s) tax

occlusive / voiced / plosive / alveolar d d D D D d admit

occlusive / voiced / plosive / velar g g C G G g garden

resonant / liquid / alveolar l l l L L l lie

resonant / nasal / bilabial m m m M M m mine

resonant / nasal / alveolar n n n N N n nine

occlusive / voiceless / plosive /

bilabialp p P P P p public

resonant / liquid / alveolar r r R R R r trilled r, as in Italian

and Spanish

sibilant / fricative / alveolar s s s S S s sea

occlusive / voiceless / plosive /

alveolart t T T T t terror

affricate / alveolar ts ts 6 QQ SS, ĐĐ ss, đđ cats

semi-vowel w w V OU V u wind

semi-vowel y y i I I i yellow

voiced / affricate / alveolar ʣ z Z Z Z z adze

* The diphthongs all transformed over the course of the historical period. A and o collapsed into ī; e merged with o, both becoming ō. E became ē early, probably prior to the attestation of Gaulish. In general, long diphthongs became short diphthongs and then collapsed into long vowels. Long vowels shortened before nasals in Auslaut. (Wikipedia)

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