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The significant problems we face
cannot be solved at the same level of
thinking we were at when we createdthem
-Albert Einstein
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Evaluation Defined.
Evaluation is the process of ascertainingor judging the value of
somethingthrough careful appraisal. It is a means
of helping an individual or group becomeself-directing.
Evaluation assists in theestablishment of specific goals, which
in
turn serve as criteria for judgingdesirable changes. (Gregorio:
1971).
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Evaluation is done everyday
It is the way through which an individualexpresses her likes
& dislikes
Involves measurement or appraisal ofan activity in terms of a
particularstandard
Involves a continuous process ofgathering data and
recording,assembling & interpreting information forpurposes of
creating change that will
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Promote better performance oraccomplish desired objectives.
Evaluation in nursing requires
assessment of the cognitive outcomesof knowledge &
understanding. Itrequires evaluation of students personal
traits, since nursing is a personalservice, one in which
interpersonalrelationships are important and a must,
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Personality plays a vital role in establishingeffective
relationships with patients.
Evaluation is based in principles: Anything exists at all exists
in some
amount and therefore can be measured.
The worth or value of a teaching method, a
learning method and materials ofinstruction is not known until
their effect ismeasured.
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Functions of EducationalEvaluation
Evaluation and improvement of theeducational program
Achievement of educational goals
Motivation and guidance of the learningprocess of individual
student
Motivation of the teacher to evaluate
critically her teaching practices, thestudents learning
effectiveness and her
own personal goals
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Motivation of the faculty to work togetherfor the improvement of
the curriculumand the educational program as well as
of idividual courses
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Purposes of Evaluation
Evaluation serves to :
o Determine the level of knowledege andunderstanding of the
student in her
classes at various time during thesemester
o Asses the level of the students clinicalperformance at various
stages
o Become aware if the specific difficultiesof individual
students, or of the entireclass, as basis for further teaching
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Diagnose every students strengths and
weaknesses and to suggest neededremedial measures
Encourage students learning bemeasuring their achievement
andinforming them of their success
Help students acquire the attitude of andskills in
self-evaluation
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Help students become increasingly self-directing in their
pursuit of knowledge
Provide more examinations and
opportunities to practice critical thinking,the application of
principles and themaking of judgments, among others
Estimate effectivenss of teaching and
learning technics of subject content anduse on instructional
media in reachinggoals of the course
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Gather information needed foradministrative purposes, such as
choiceof students for honors, courses,
placement of students for advancestanding, writing
recommendation andmeeting graduation requirements,
among others
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Steps in Evaluation
State objectives. Progress cannot bemeasured unless direction is
clear.
Define change of behavior expected of
educational outcomes. List and briefly describe situations
that
give opportunity for the expression ofthe behavior desired.
Develop appropriate and systematicmeans of eliciting king of
behaviorimplied in objectives to be evaluated.
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Decide ways of recording andsummarizing (scoring, rating,
ordescribing) behavior and the basis of
evidence gathered. Check validity, reliability, and difficulty
of
the measures used.
Establish conditions that permit thestudent to give her the
bestperformance.
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Assign scores on the basis of theforegoing steps.
Develop methods of interpretation.
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Criteria for Selection ofEvaluative Devices
Sampling of the objectives
Sampling of the contents
Validity
Reliability
Practicality
Usefulness
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Widely Used EvaluativeDevices
Essay examinations
Objective examination
Objective problem-solving situations
Standardized tests
Rating scales
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Evaluating the Teacher
Tape and video recording
Observation by colleague
Student opinion
Teacher self-evaluation
