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Energy and Cellular
RespirationChapter 7
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Cellular Respiration vs.
Photosynthesis• Formulas
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Cellular Respiration vs.
Photosynthesis• Organelles
• Mitochondria• Eukaryotic cells
•Structure is key
− Two membranes
− Space between membranes
− Matrix makes up inner membrane
– Lots of enzymes foundhere for chemical
reactions− Complex folding=many sites
for reactions to take place – Maximizes ATP
production
• Chloroplast•
More about this one later…
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Energy• Heat (thermal)
• Light (solar)
• Electrical
• What carries energy?
• Electrons (little energy packets)
• Negatively charged particle
• Involved in making bonds between
atoms
• Electromagnetic spectrum
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How is Energy
Transferred?• Think food chain!
• First Law of
Thermodynamicsaka the Law of
Conservation of
Energy
• E cannot be created
or destroyed, only
transferred
(converted)
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Kinetic vs. Potential
• Energy of motion
• Anything moving
or in motion• Ex.
• Climbing stairs
• Leg muscles
working
•Stored energy due to an objects
position or arrangement
•As you climb up, you are getting
higher, more gravitational pull,
increase potential E
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Two Types of Kinetic
Energy• Directed kinetic
energy
• Ex. Your body asit moves down
slide
• Random kinetic
energy of molecular
motion
• Thermal energy
• Ex. When your body
collides with water. Air
and water molecules
are forced to move andcollide at random,
transferring energy
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• Thermal Energy
•Created from Random molecular motion
• “Heat” is thermal energy that is
transferred from warmer object to
cooler object
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So exactly what
happens as you go down
the slide?• As you climb up the
slideKinetic E
• When you reach top of
slidepotential E
• As you slide
downdirected kinetic E
• When you hit water and
stopRandom kinetic E
of molecular motion
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• You cannot
retrieve thermal
energy, so youmust get new
source of energy
to climb back up
the slide• What do you do?
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Eat food!• Food is
composed of organic
compounds
• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Proteins
• All rich in E
• These organiccompounds contain a
form of potential
energy we call
• CHEMICAL ENERGY
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Organic compounds
• Potential to do work is in the
arrangement of atoms in the
molecules
• Amount of potential energy
depends on the structure of themolecules
• When you break a bond, you
release E
•Energy now available for muscles to do work
• Structures of…
• Proteins
•Carbohydrates
• Fats
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Cells and Cars use
Combustion• Cells • Cars
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calorie• Amount of energy required to raise
the temperature of 1 g of water 1*C
• Very tiny
• Not practical to measure energy in
food
• Express in kilocalories (kcal), or
Calories, what is on the nutritionlabel
• KHDmdcm
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Burning food…
• Changes chemical energy to
thermal energy (releases heat)
• Measure increase of water temperature and definition of
calorie to find out how much
chemical energy is in food
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Practice problem
• If a peanut is burned and the
temperature of 1 kilogram of
water is raised by 8*C, howmany calories are in the
peanut?
• How many Calories?
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Find the amount of calories and how much
the water temp of 1 g of water was raised…
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