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Development of Cation Exchange Membrane forElectrolysis of Sodium Chloride
1
Mtech Pre Thesis Seminar
Under The supervisionof –
Dr. Sunder Lal Pal
Presented by-
Afal Ashra!Sc No- 142117204
Department of Chemical Engineering
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology
Bhopal
On
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"vervie#
• Introduction• Review of Literature
• Objectives
• Proosed !et"odo#o$%• &'eri(enta# Setu
• &'ected Resu#t and
outco(es• References
2
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$ntroductionIon &'c"an$e (e(brane
)ni*ue roert%- Se#ective transort of ions
+ation &'c"an$e (e(brane – Per(eate on#% cation
,nion &'c"an$e (e(brane –Per(eate on#% anion
,#ication-
– ue# +e##
– ectrodia#%.ers
– +"#or ,#/a#i ce##s
– atteries
ectro dia#%.ers inc#ude
esa#ination of water
Production of acids andbases
Recover% of (eta# ions
Production of or$anic acids
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4
+ation e'c"an$e !e(brane ,nion &'c"an$e (e(brane
+ation ,nd ,nion &'c"an$e!e(brane3
3 Source - www5c"eresources5co(6 +"#ora#/a#i(e(branece##
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+"#or ,#/a#i +e## ,*ueous so#ution of Sodiu( c"#oride is
deco(osed e#ectro#%tica##% into sodiu(
"%dro'ide and #iberatin$ c"#orine and
"%dro$en $as 5 +onventiona# Process inc#ude
!ercur% ce##
ia$"ra( +e##
ot" t"e rocess were "avin$ severe
rawbac/s
In view of t"ese disadvanta$es
(e(brane ce##s "ave re#aced bot"
(ercur% and dia"ra$( ce##s
I r r e v e
r s i b # e
o i s o n o u s
! e r c u r
% o # # u t i o n
# o w c u r r e n t e 8 c i e n c % 9
r o d u c e d w e a / c e # # # i * u o r
" a v i n $ 12 – 14 w t 5:
N a O ;
r o d u c e s
" i $ " u r i
t %
c o n c e n t r a
t e d N a O ;
S o # n5
a t " i $ "
c u r r e n t
e 8 c i e n c i e s 9
o w e r
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,node +at"ode
=
> ?
Na+# >;2O NaO; > ;2
Na+# > ;2O >+#2NaO; > ;2O > ;2
Na>
+#-
Na> >O;-
atic ia$ra( Of (e(brane e#ectro#%tic ce## )sin$ cation e'c"an$e (e
ectro#%sis of water atcathode2;2O > 2e
- ;2 > 2O;
-
ectro#%sis of Na+# atanode2+#- +#2 > 2e
-
"verall %eaction2Na+# > 2;2O +#2 > ;2 >
2NaO;
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• Commercially used membranes are
– Nafion
– Flemion – Aciplex
Therefore there is a need to develop a membrane that is
Chemically and thermally stable
Highly selective
nexpensive
!asy to manufacture"#$
7
• Anion exchange membrane
• !xpensive
• %et denatured & high temperature
• Prepared using harsh chemical and multistep
procedures involved "'$
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Literature %evie#•
Sonny Sachdeva!""#$ prepared a cross lin(ed polystyrene anion exchange membrane for
electrolysis of NaCl)
– Maximum current efficiency obtained is *+)#,
Corresponding Po-er consumption is.)/0/+12h3mole )0N salt Solution
• %ohannes &iros' and Martin Bursell !""#$
has used air diffusion electrode
– Cell voltage achieved -as about 04 5 thereby
reducing energy consumption by 6.76#:
@
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• Sharath Savari !"("$ prepared cation exchange
membrane for electrolysis of NaCl to produceSodium Hydroxide
– Current efficiency of *., 8 energy consumption of
.)/123mol at 0N salt concentration for Nafion
– Current efficiency of *6, and po-er consumption of
.)6/00123mole at same salt concentration and current
density of 0#'A3m0
A
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"b&ectives
To prepare a ceramic supported cation exchange membrane
modified using lo- temperature reaction -ith chloroacetic acid))
To characteri9e it using S!M5 FT:)
To use it for electrolysis for NaCl
To report the performance of the membrane in terms of current
efficiency and po-er re;uirement)
To report the effect of various parameter li(e current density5 salt
concentration and flo- rate on performance of membrane)
10
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Methodology
11
)olymer preparation•Styrene
•=P?@• A9o7bis7isobutyronitrile >A=N@
•
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+#a% suort +o(osition3=
12
Sr.'o Clay %a#material Chemical(ormula Composition
1 Dao#in ,#2ESi2O
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1
Prearation of c#a% suort
!i'ture is !i'ed wit"water and cast in arin$7=(( dia and
4(( t"ic/
Sintered at A00 +
Hreatin$ wit" H&OS ;2O;+L
;eatin$ at 100 and2
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Po#%(er +o(onent +o(osition
14
Sr.'o
Component Chemical(ormula
Composition in Mole
Composition ingrams
1 St%rene +@;@ 0514400 1450000
2 i-vin%#
ben.ene
+10;10 0500220 0051@
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1<
Prearation of +o(osite!e(brane
S%nt"esis ofPo#%(er s%ru
Bas"ed wit"disti##ed water
Hreated wit" 10:Na+# so#ution for 4
"rs
!i'ture ofSt%rene
,IN PO !, is"eated
+oo#ed and s#ow#%casted on suort
!odiJed wit"c"#oroacetic acid
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1=
Clay Support
&'ected Resu#t and Outco(e
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17
Sc"e(atic Of &'eri(enta#Setu
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1@
Experimental Setup
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1A
Membrane Casted on Clay
Support
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20
)op *ie# of Composite Membrane
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21
+alf Cell Setup
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Proosed Bor/
!e(brane +"aracteri.ation – H"e ()$% Spectroscopy ana#%sis wi## be carried
out to conJr( t"e resence of carbon%# E+KOFfunctiona# $rous c"aracteristic of carbo'%#ic
acid $rous on t"e (odiJed (e(brane surface5 – Scanning Electron Microscope ana#%.e to be
done
&ect of ara(eter #i/e concentration of
sa#t current densit% +ircu#ation rate wi## bestudied on t"e erfor(ance of (e(brane5
22
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2
*eferences
15 S"arat" Savari Sonn% Sac"deva ,ni# Du(ar 5ectro#%sis of
sodiu( c"#oride usin$ co(osite cation e'c"an$e (e(brane55s5#5 C ourna# of (e(brane science 200@525 5,5 Dent Rie$e#s5 Handbook of industrail chemistry 10thedition. s5#5 C D#uewer acade(ic 20155 urse## o"annes DirosQ and !artin Low ner!y "onsumption in"hlor-alkali "ells Usin! o#y!en reduction electrodes.5 200@ Int5 5
ectroc"e(5 5 441-4
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@5 5D5 S"a"i ;i$"#% c"ar$ed roton-e'c"an$e (e(braneCsu#fonated o#%Eet"er su#foneF-si#ica o#%e#ectro#%te co(osite
(e(branes for fue# ce##s So#id State Ionics 177 E2007F A
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2<
)han,
you
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2=