Animal Reproductio
nOrganizationHomeostasis
Review of Meiosis• Let’s review meiosis with our human
homologous chromosomes activity!
How is meiosis different than
mitosis?• What did we learn from our starter
activity?
Karyotyping
• Organizes autosomes and sex chromosomes.
• Can be used to look for chromosomal mutations and sex.
Nondisjunction• Chromosomes fail to segregate
properly during meiosis; leading to aneuploidy.
Sex chromosomes
• Presence of a Y chromosome causes formation of testis during development; this allows for male characteristics.
• XX – female
• XY – male
Meiosis in Sperm and Egg
Female Reproductive System
• Ovaries: Site of meiosis and egg production
• Fallopian Tubes: Site of fertilization
• Uterus: Site of embryonic develoment
Male Reproductive System
• Testis & epididymis: sperm production & storage
• Glands: add fluids to sperm so they can be motile
• Vas deferens: allows sperm to travel from testis to urethra
• Urethra: allows both sperm and urine to exit the body
Hormones Control Reproduction
• The brain initiates the production of gametes and sex hormones.
• LH & FSH interact with different targets:• Male Target:
• Testis
• Female Target:• Ovaries & Uterus
Targets in Males• FSH:
• Activates meiosis in testis
• LH:• Activates production
of testosterone
What impacts might taking testosterone steroids have on feedback?
Targets in Females
• Spike in LH & FSH• Cause ovulation
(release of egg from ovary)
• Cause drop in estrogen & rise in progesterone.
How would taking progesterone impact the female reproductive cycle?
Fertilization
• How does the structure of an ovum prevent double fertilization?
Development
• Identify each stage of development.
• When does differentiation occur?
Differentiation
• What are the fates of cells in the endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm?
Embryonic development
Gene Regulation
• Genes must be turned on and off rapidly during embryonic development.• What do transcription factors do to
regulate protein synthesis?• What does RNAi do to regulate protein
synthesis?