Animal Reproductio

nOrganizationHomeostasis

Review of Meiosis• Let’s review meiosis with our human

homologous chromosomes activity!

How is meiosis different than

mitosis?• What did we learn from our starter

activity?

Karyotyping

• Organizes autosomes and sex chromosomes.

• Can be used to look for chromosomal mutations and sex.

Nondisjunction• Chromosomes fail to segregate

properly during meiosis; leading to aneuploidy.

Sex chromosomes

• Presence of a Y chromosome causes formation of testis during development; this allows for male characteristics.

• XX – female

• XY – male

Meiosis in Sperm and Egg

Female Reproductive System

• Ovaries: Site of meiosis and egg production

• Fallopian Tubes: Site of fertilization

• Uterus: Site of embryonic develoment

Male Reproductive System

• Testis & epididymis: sperm production & storage

• Glands: add fluids to sperm so they can be motile

• Vas deferens: allows sperm to travel from testis to urethra

• Urethra: allows both sperm and urine to exit the body

Hormones Control Reproduction

• The brain initiates the production of gametes and sex hormones.

• LH & FSH interact with different targets:• Male Target:

• Testis

• Female Target:• Ovaries & Uterus

Targets in Males• FSH:

• Activates meiosis in testis

• LH:• Activates production

of testosterone

What impacts might taking testosterone steroids have on feedback?

Targets in Females

• Spike in LH & FSH• Cause ovulation

(release of egg from ovary)

• Cause drop in estrogen & rise in progesterone.

How would taking progesterone impact the female reproductive cycle?

Fertilization

• How does the structure of an ovum prevent double fertilization?

Development

• Identify each stage of development.

• When does differentiation occur?

Differentiation

• What are the fates of cells in the endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm?

Embryonic development

Gene Regulation

• Genes must be turned on and off rapidly during embryonic development.• What do transcription factors do to

regulate protein synthesis?• What does RNAi do to regulate protein

synthesis?