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Adaptation of Scots pine provenances

to changing temperatures

Volker Schneck & Mirko Liesebach

Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Fisheries and Forest, Institute of Forest Genetics, Waldsieversdorf

Scots pine provenance trials

• 1. IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84

– 20 provenances from Europe, 7 sites in Germany

• 2. Provenance trial with eastern provenances 1990/91

– 23 provenances (mainly Russia), 2 sites in Germany

IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 - Origin of provenances

IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84

characteristics of trial sites

Waldsieversdorf Bensheim

longitude 52° 33’N 49° 39’ N

latitude 14° 05’ E 08° 31’ E

altitude [m] 50 95

annual temperature [°C] 8.2 10.2

annual precipitation 530 662

vegetation period [d] 163 183

precipitation veget. per. [mm] 291 382

aridity index 29.1 32.8

soil type sand-brown-soil brown-soil-gley

plants/plot 121 121

replications 4 (3) 4

spacing [m] 1.5 x 1.5 1.5 x 1.5

aridity index = annual precipitation / (annual temperature+10)


characteristics of trial sites


longitude 52° 49° 39’ N

latitude 14° 08° 31’ E

altitude [m] 50 95

annual temperature [°C] 8.2 10.2

annual precipitation 530 662

vegetation period [d] 163 183

precipitation veget. per. [mm] 291 382

aridity index 29.1 32.8

soil type sand-brown-soil brown-soil

plants/plot 121 121

replications 4 4

spacing [m] 1.5 x 1.5 1.5 x 1.5


mean annual temperature of provenances

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 (RU)

2 (RU)

3 (RU)

4 (LV)

5 (PL)

6 (PL)

7 (PL)

8 (PL)

9 (PL)

10 (DE)

11 (DE)

12 (DE)

13 (BE)

14 (FR)

15 (SE)

16 (CZ)

17 (HU)

18 (MN)

19 (BA)

20 (TR)

temperature [°C]

W

B


aridity index of provenances

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

13 (BE)

12 (DE)

9 (PL)

14 (FR)

5 (PL)

6 (PL)

17 (HU)

8 (PL)

10 (DE)

11 (DE)

16 (CZ)

7 (PL)

4 (LV)

3 (RU)

18 (MN)

2 (RU)

19 (BA)

1 (RU)

15 (SE)

20 (TR)

aridity index

W

B


IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 Waldsieversdorf

height at age 22

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

13 (BE)

12 (DE)

9 (PL)

14 (FR)

5 (PL)

6 (PL)

17 (HU)

8 (PL)

10 (DE)

11 (DE)

16 (CZ)

7 (PL)

4 (LV)

3 (RU)

18 (MN)

2 (RU)

19 (BA)

1 (RU)

15 (SE)

20 (TR)

height [m]

HG 100 = 34 m


stem volume/ha at age 22

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

12 (DE)

14 (FR)

6 (PL)

13 (BE)

17 (HU)

8 (PL)

9 (PL)

5 (PL)

11 (DE)

7 (PL)

10 (DE)

16 (CZ)

4 (LV)

3 (RU)

18 (MN)

2 (RU)

15 (SE)

19 (BA)

1 (RU)

20 (TR)

volume/ha [m³]


relationship of provenance temperature with height (age 22)

y = 0.4709x + 6.8698

R2 = 0.548

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

temperature [°C]

height [m]


relationship of provenance aridity index with height (age 22)

y = -0.105x + 14.323

R2 = 0.5089

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

aridity index

height [m]

IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 Waldsieversdorf and Bensheim

dbh at age 17

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

13 (BE)

10 (DE)

5 (PL)

14 (FR)

12 (DE)

9 (PL)

6 (PL)

8 (PL)

17 (HU)

16 (CZ)

11 (DE)

7 (PL)

4 (LV)

3 (RU)

2 (RU)

19 (BA)

1 (RU)

18 (MN)

20 (TR)

15 (SE)


dbh [cm]

WB

IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 – both sites

relationship of provenance temperature with dbh (age 17)

y = 0.2835x + 6.681

R2 = 0.3619

y = 0.4007x + 5.4017

R2 = 0.5129

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

temperature [°C]

dbh [cm]


IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/86 Bensheim

Provenance trial 1990/91 – origin of provenances

60°

55°

50°

15° 20° 25° 30° 35° 40° 50°45° 55°

MV

BB

Provenance trial 1990/91

mean annual temperature of provenances

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

19 DE

18 DE

17 PL

24 PL

25 PL

22 LT

23 LT

10 Lipezk

12 Lipezk

8 Voronesh

9 Voronesh

13 Woronesh

5 Lipezk

7 Voronesh

6 Kirow

3 Kirow

16 Kirow

1 Kirow

11 Komi

14 Kirow

2 Komi

15 Kirow

4 Komi

temperature [°C] BB = 8.8°C

MV = 8.2 °C


aridity index of provenances


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

19 DE

18 DE

17 PL

24 PL

25 PL

22 LT

23 LT

10 Lipezk

12 Lipezk

8 Voronesh

9 Voronesh

13 Woronesh

5 Lipezk

7 Voronesh

6 Kirow

3 Kirow

16 Kirow

1 Kirow

11 Komi

14 Kirow

2 Komi

15 Kirow

4 Komi

aridity index

BB = 29.6

MV = 35.2


height at age 11

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

17 PL

24 PL

25 PL

19 DE

8 Voronesh

22 LT

9 Voronesh

13 Voronesh

7 Voronesh

18 DE

12 Lipezk

23 LT

10 Lipezk

5 Lipezk

14 Kirow

15 Kirow

1 Kirow

6 Kirow

16 Kirow

11 Komi

3 Kirow

2 Komi

4 Komi

MVP BB

height [m]

BB

MVP

Provenance trial 1990/91 – Brandenburg

relationship of difference between trial site and provenance temperature with height (age 11)

y = -0.2443x + 4.4115

R2 = 0.8449

0

1

2

3

4

5

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

°C

height [m]

Provenance trial 1990/91 – Brandenburg

relationship of difference between trial site and provenance aridity index with height (age 11)

y = -0.0658x + 6.1594

R2 = 0.6372

0

1

2

3

4

5

-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0

difference aridity index

height [m]

Results

• Significant differences in height growth and volume production between the provenances.

• The local provenance is within the group of the well growing provenances but is not the best.

• Growth at the trial sites is correlated with parameters of provenance climate.

• Provenances from regions with temperatures up to 2.0 resp. 3.5 °C lower perform well under the warmer conditions at the trial sites.

• There are other reasons like differences in mean temperature and annual precipitation for growth of provenances at the trial sites (soil, distribution of precipitation, vegetation period).

Discussion

• Warming up to 2.5 degrees don‘t decrease growth of Scots pine significantly (for provenances between 47° and 58° northern latitude).

• For sites with lower mean temperatures than the trial site a transfer of provenances from west to east seems possible if global warming occurs.

• Besides temperature and precipitation other factors have an strong influence on growth of Scots pine at least in central Europe.

• Open questions:– appearance of new insects and pests – how does Scots pine react to extreme weather conditions (heat,

drought)– What will happen with Scots pine at sites with high temperatures

already today?


Lampertheim (SW-Germany) Suprasl (NE-Poland)

Thank you