Provenience Provenances

Provenience Provenances

starih tiskov Narodne in univerzitetne knjižniceof the National and University Library’s Old Prints

Sonja Svoljšak Urša Kocjan

Skrivnostna so pota knjig.Mysterious are the journeys of books.

N A R O D N A I N U N I V E R Z I T E T N A K N J I Ž N I C A

CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 094/096:027.54(497.4Ljubljana) SVOLJŠAK, Sonja Provenience starih tiskov iz Narodne in univerzitetne knjižnice = Prov-enances of the National and University Libraryʼs old prints / Sonja Svoljšak, Urša Kocjan ; [angleški prevod Sonja Svoljšak ; spremna beseda Marijan Rupert ; fotografije Milan Štupar]. - Ljubljana : Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, 2013 ISBN 978-961-6551-45-8 ISBN 978-961-6551-46-5 (ePub) 1. Kocjan, Urša

266033408


Knjiga je spremljajoča publikacija razstave: Unde venis – quo vadis? Provenience starih tiskov Narodne in univerzitetne knjižnice (junij – september 2013).

This book was published to accompany the exhibition: Unde venis – quo vadis? Provenances of the National and University Library’s Old Prints (June – September 2013).

Zahvale / Acknowledgments:

Zahvaljujeva se vsem, ki so pomagali pri nastanku knjige in pri razstavi Unde venis – quo vadis? / We thank everyone who helped with the book and the Unde venis – quo vadis? exhibition.

Posebne zahvale / Special thanks to:

Pavel Češarek, Marko Dolničar, Helena Ana Drewry, Primož Gašperič, mag. Petra Jager, dr. Barbara Jaki, Borut Korun, Samo Kristan, Petra Ložar, dr. Miha Preinfalk, Jože Raspet, Marjan Rus, dr. Marijan Smolik, dr. Renata Šolar, mag. Irena Žmuc

N A R O D N A I N U N I V E R Z I T E T N A K N J I Ž N I C A , L J U B L J A N A 2 0 1 3

Sonja Svoljšak Urša Kocjan


starih tiskov Narodne in univerzitetne knjižniceof the National and University Library’s Old Prints

Kazalo vsebine

13 Uvod

21 Znamenja nekdanjega lastništva v starih tiskih Narodne in univerzitetne knjižnice 25 Rokopisni zaznamki in zabeležke 41 Ekslibrisi 49 Žigi 53 Značilne vezave 63 Stare signature in stare klasifikacijske oznake 67 Seznami naročnikov

71 Pregled načinov pridobivanja gradiva v Narodni in univerzitetni knjižnici ter njenih predhodnicah: s primeri 75 Ex decretis imperatorum 101 Ex dono 127 Ex confiscatione 139 Ex coincidentia 149 Ex emptione et cambitate

173 Dodatki 175 Opombe 183 Literatura in viri 185 Izbor koristne literature in virov za raziskovanje provenienc 187 Kazalo provenienc 189 Kazalo strokovnih terminov

Provenience

Table of Contents

13 Introduction

21 Signs of Provenances in the National and University Library’s Old Prints 25 Hand-Written Notes 41 Book plates 49 Stamps 53 Distinctive Bindings 63 Old Shelf Numbers and Old Classification Marks 62 Subscribers’ Lists

71 An Overview of Acquisition Methods in the National and University Library and Its Predecessors: with Examples 75 Ex decretis imperatorum 101 Ex dono 127 Ex confiscatione 139 Ex coincidentia 149 Ex emptione et cambitate

173 Additions 175 Endnotes 183 Literature and Sources 185 A Selection of Useful Resources for Provenance Research 187 Provenances Index 189 Terminology Index

ProvenancesProvenience

• P R O V E N I E N C E P R O V E N A N C E S •6

Predgovor Foreword

Zbirka redkih tiskov je bila poleg Rokopisne zbirke ena prvih zbirk Narodne in univerzitetne knjižni-ce, v kateri se je odrazila skrb za ohranjanje sloven-ske literature in pisne kulturne dediščine. Njeno jedro so že od vsega začetka predstavljala dela iz obdobja reformacije ter redki tiski in prvotiski, ki pričajo o razvoju humanističnih in naravoslovnih znanosti na slovenskem ozemlju. Logično je, da posebna skrb za sloveniko ostaja osrednji cilj naro-dne knjižnice. Kljub temu pa se ne moremo izogniti spoznanju, da tako ozko pojmovanje pisne kultur-ne dediščine kaže na zastarele vzorce razmišljanja, ki izvirajo iz zgodovinskih okoliščin 19. stoletja in s tem povezanih nacionalnih frustracij.

Šele z ustanovitvijo Zbirke starih tiskov kot po-sebnega oddelka, v katerem hranimo knjige, na-tisnjene od začetka 16. do prve polovice 19. stoletja, se je leta 2009 začela sistematična skrb za celotno zgodovinsko dediščino Narodne in univerzitetne knjižnice. Zbirka obsega številna dela, ki so, čeprav so bila napisana v tujih jezikih, predstavljala dra-gocene temelje znanja in so odločilno vplivala na bralno kulturo ter izobraževanje ljudi, ki so živeli na prostoru današnje Slovenije. Kulturna zgodo-vina nas med drugim uči, da ustvarjalnost posa-meznih narodov brez ključnih zunanjih vplivov hitro zdrkne v provincialno ljubiteljstvo in filozo-fijo »zdrave kmečke pameti«. Kranjski polihistor Valvasor brez svoje bogate knjižnice, v kateri je skušal zbrati učenost z vseh znanstvenih podro-čij, gotovo ne bi nikoli zmogel napisati znamenite Slave vojvodine Kranjske. Knjige, ki jih je dobro stoletje kasneje baron Žiga Zois kupoval po vsej Evropi, so odločilno pripomogle k razvoju sloven-skega jezikoslovja in znanosti, saj so jih uporablja-li Jernej Kopitar, Valentin Vodnik in Fran Metelko ter z njihovo pomočjo postavili znanstvene teme-lje slovenskemu jeziku. Tudi Kopitar je svoje knji-ge kupoval na potovanjih v Pariz, Amsterdam in druga evropska mesta. Njegova obsežna knjžnica, pa tudi druge knjižne zbirke pomembnih posame-znikov in ustanov, ki jih danes hrani Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, predstavljajo pomembne spomenike slovenskega svetovljanskega intelek-tualnega duha skozi zgodovino.

Besides the Manuscripts Collection, the Rare Books Collection was one of the first National and Uni-versity Library’s collections in which the concern for Slovenian literature and the written cultural heritage has been manifested. Since its very begin-nings, the works from the period of Slovenian reli-gious reformation, as well as rare prints and incu-nabula, which are witnesses to the development of arts and sciences on Slovenian territory, have been the core of the collection. It is logical, that special concern for Slovenica remains the main objective of the national library. Nevertheless, it is not possible to avoid the cognition that such a narrow percep-tion of the written cultural heritage points to the old-fashioned reflection patterns, which originate in the 19th century historical circumstances and the appurtenant national frustrations.

It is only with the establishment of the Old Prints Collection as a separate department, in which the books published from the beginning of the 16th century to the first half of the 19th century are kept, that the systematic care of the entire National and University Library’s historical heritage began in 2009. The collection comprises numerous works which present invaluable foundations of knowl-edge and have had an important influence on the reading culture and the education of people, living on the present Slovenian territory, although they have been written in foreign languages. Among other things, the history of culture teaches us that the creativity of individual nations quickly de-grades into provincial amateurism and common sense philosophy if it is not exposed to some crucial external influences. Carniolian polymath Valvasor would certainly not have been able to write his fa-mous Die Ehre dess Hertzogthums Krain without his rich library, in which he strived to collect the erudition of all sciences. The books which Baron Sigismund Zois had been buying all over Europe approximately one century later, contributed to the development of Slovenian linguistics and sciences significantly, because they were used by Bartholo-maeus Kopitar, Valentin Vodnik and Fran Metelko, who, with their help, set the scientific foundations of Slovenian language. Kopitar had also been buy-


Pričujoči pregled nekaterih najpomembnejših in najzanimivejših provenienc starejšega knjižne-ga gradiva Narodne in univerzitetne knjižnice je le eden od rezultatov nekajletnega zavzetega in uspešnega dela kolegic iz Zbirke starih tiskov. Dokazuje, da je strokovno raziskovanje knjižne-ga fonda nujen sestavni del vsakodnevnega dela bibliotekarja v posebni zbirki. Osrednja tematika knjig, ki jih kolegici predstavljata, so potovanja. Avtorici opisujeta in analizirata potovanja naših knjig, pa tudi knjige, ki so neposreden ali posre-den rezultat najrazličnejših potovanj. Razkrivata nam njihova intimna življenja in skozi sledi, ki so jih v njih pustili njihovi prejšnji lastniki, pripove-dujeta zgodbe o njihovih usodah. Knjige tako tudi same postanejo metafora za potovanje oziroma za pot v neznano, ki védenju odpira nova obzorja. In kdo bi lahko povedal o tem več kot tisti, ki to dragoceno knjižno bogastvo zelo dobro pozna, se z njim vsakodnevno srečuje, ga raziskuje ter ceni bogate in številne zgodbe, ki jih prinaša?

Verjetno v slehernem človeku obstajata dve na-sprotujoči si težnji: na eni strani želja po varnem in stalnem domovanju, na drugi pa želja po izku-šnji drugačnosti ter izzivih novega in neznanega. Razmerje med knjigami in potovanji, ki je pred-stavljeno v pričujoči knjigi in na spremljevalni razstavi z naslovom »Unde venis ― quo vadis?«, je pravzaprav podobno: gre za dihotomijo kon-templacije in akcije, statičnega akta branja in di-namične avanture. Na naslovni strani Strabonove knjige »De situ orbis« najdemo prizor »magister cum discipulis«, podobo, ki sugerira mir in zbra-nost v zaprtem učenjaškem kabinetu. Na drugi strani nam podoba na frontispicu knjige »Curiöse Beschreibung, der ausserlessnesten Merckwür-digkeiten, so in denen dreyen Welt-Theilen Asia, Africa und America zu finden« prikazuje dva jez-deca na potovanju po daljni eksotični deželi. V spremstvu lokalnega vodiča občudujeta slikovito gorato pokrajino s palmo, templjem in karavano z velblodom v ozadju.

Verjetno nisem najbolj primerna oseba za pisanje tega predgovora, saj so mi potovanja v resnici ne-

ing his books during his travels to Paris, Amster-dam, and other European cities. His extensive li-braries, as well as other important individual and institutional book collections which are now kept at the National and University Library, are impor-tant monuments of Slovenian cosmopolitan and intellectual spirit throughout history.

The present overview of some of the most impor-tant and interesting provenances of the National and University Library’s historical holdings is a re-sult of dedicated and successful work ― which has now been going on for a couple of years ― of our col-leagues from the National and University Library’s Old Prints Collection. It proves that professional re-search of the library holdings is an essential part of special collection librarian’s daily work. The central subject of the presented books is travelling. The au-thors describe and analyze the travels of our books, as well as the books which are direct or indirect re-sults of various travels. They reveal the books’ inti-mate lives and their fates through the tracks which their previous owners have left upon them. In this way, the books themselves become a metaphor for travel, for a journey into the unknown, which opens up horizons for new knowledge. And who could tell more about this than those who know these literary riches very well, who work with them every day, who research them, and appreciate the numerous stories which they bring?

It is most likely that two opposite tendencies exist in every human being. On the one hand there is a desire for a safe and permanent residence and on the other hand there is yearning for the experience of diversity, new challenges, and the unknown. The relation between the books and the travels, which is presented in this book and in the accompanying exhibition entitled »Unde venis — quo vadis?«, is actually similar: it is a dichotomy between contem-plation and action, between the static act of reading and a dynamic adventure. The »magister cum dis-cipulis« scene on the title-page of Strabo’s »De situ Orbis« suggests the peace and contemplation in the enclosure of a scientist’s study. On the contrary, the frontispiece of »Curiöse Beschreibung, der ausser-



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Skrivnostna so pota knjig. Mnogokrat dolga in zavita v uganke. Od nekdaj so bile po-membne človekove sopotnice in svetovne popotnice. Že v starem veku so se papiru-sovi zvitki po ukazu Ptolomejcev zgrinjali v Aleksandrijo tudi iz najoddaljenejših kotič-kov imperija. Lahko jih je doletela nekoliko grenkejša popotniška usoda in so, kakor na primer Aristotelove Atenske knjige, prišle v Rim kot vojni plen.

Skupaj s krščanskimi misijonarji so knji-ge v srednjem veku prepotovale številna evropska ozemlja. O njihovih poteh pričajo prepisi, ki so nastali med postanki oziroma ob ustanavljanju samostanov, škofij in misi-jonskih središč. Razcvetu srednjeveške mo-nastične kulture in znanosti je bilo vzporednospoznanje, da je obvezna oprema vsakega samostana tudi knjižnica. Na to nas opozarja neštetokrat ponovljena analogija z orožarno brez orožja, ki izhaja iz preprostega dejstva, da je bil za zagon duhovne, pastoralne ter znanstvene dejavnosti potreben osnoven nabor predpisanih verskih in drugih po-membnih oziroma uporabnih besedil. Ta so ustanovitelji samostanov in drugih verskih središč prinašali iz matičnih samostanov ter večjih redovnih bibliotek ter jih kasneje tudi sami posojali za nadaljnje prepisovanje. Ni dvoma, da so na tak način knjige prepoto-vale nezanemarljive razdalje. Tako so si ir-ski menihi nekatere izvirnike izposojali iz

Mysterious are the journeys of books. Many times they are long and full of riddles. Since their very beginning they have been man’s important companions and world travellers.Numerous papyrus scrolls have been assem-bled from the far most regions of the Ptolomeian Empire to adorn the Alexandrian Library already in antiquity. Others, such as Aristotle’s Athenian books, which came to Rome as the spoils of war, partook in much bitterer travels.

Together with the Christian missionaries, books have moved through numerous Eu-ropean territories during the Middle Ages. Many transcriptions made during their stops or after the founding of monasteries, dioceses,and missions are witnesses to their travels. The blossoming of monastic culture and sci-ence came together with a realization that library is a necessary component of every monastery. There is even a renowned anal-ogy to armoury without the arms to remind us of this. All this came from a simple realiza-tion that a basic selection of texts was manda-tory for setting up and running any religious, spiritual, or scientific activity. For these pur-poses, the codices were acquired from central monasteries or bigger libraries and lent for transcription elsewhere. There is no doubt that the books have travelled significant dis-tances this way. The Irish monks borrowed books from far away and even set off to tran-


oddaljenih krajev ter se odpravili prepiso-vat tudi v slavni St. Gallen. Znana je zgodba »Amienskeega kodeksa«, izvrstnega prepisa latinske Biblije po predlogi iz Kasiodorjeve-ga »Vivarija«, ki so ga naredili menihi iz Jar-rowa in Wearmoutha in ga leta 716 odnesli nazaj na Apeninski polotok kot dar papežu Gregorju II.1

Včasih nas na popotniško naravo knjig opo-zarja že njihova oblika. Tak primer so vre-časte knjige, ki so bile s svojo praktično ve-zavo v obliki popotniške malhe namenjene lažjemu prenašanju iz kraja v kraj.

Z razcvetom univerz, poklicnega pisarstva in s kasnejšim pospešenim razvojem tiskar-ske, založniške in knjigotrške mreže ter s ši-ritvijo znanstvenega raziskovanja in branja je proti izteku srednjega veka potovalo in menjavalo lastnike vedno več besedil ozi-roma knjig. V obdobju evropskih verskih razkolov so knjige s spornimi in prepoveda-nimi vsebinami do svojih končnih uporab-nikov tudi bolj ali manj uspešno tihotapili. Problematične knjige so tako do bralcev po-tovale inkognito, najpogosteje v sodih ali v bombažnih balah. Eden najslavnejših pod-vigov s tega področja je bilo dostavljanje Tyndalovega angleškega prevoda »Biblije« iz nemških dežel na britansko otočje; po-dobnih metod pa so se posluževali tudi tiho-tapci, ki so na slovenska ozemlja »uvažali« protestantske tiske.

scribe some at the famous St. Gallen. One of the most famous consequences of such ex-ploits is the Codex Amiatinus, an excellent transcription of the Vulgate copy from Vi-varium, which was made by the Jarrow and Wearmouth monks and later brought back to the Apennine peninsula as a gift to Pope Gregory II in 716.1

Sometimes the shape of the book itself re-veals its itinerant nature. The sack-shaped girdle books, adapted to frequent transporta-tion from place to place, are perhaps the most most evident examples.

In the later era of universities and profes-sional copyists ─ and with printers’, publish-ers’, and booksellers’ network development, reading and scientific research expansion ─ more and more books changed places and owners. During the great European religious wars those with controversial or forbidden content were more or less successfully smug-gled to their final users. The questionable books were thus travelling incognito, most often in wooden barrels or cotton bales. One of the most famous ventures of this kind was the smuggling of Tyndale’s Bible from the continent to the British Isles. Similar methods were used by those who smuggled protestant prints to Slovenian lands.

During the Renaissance, when book collect-ing became widely popular, wealthy and


V obdobju renesanse oziroma humaniz-ma, ko se je močno razmahnilo zbirateljstvo knjig, so petični, plemeniti in ukaželjni vla-darji, posvetni učenjaki, kleriki ter drugi imenitniki kar tekmovali v opremljanju svo-jih bogato založenih knjižnih zbirk. Pri tem sta bili pomembni kvaliteta in izbranost gra-diva pa tudi kvantiteta. V vsakem primeru je bila humanistova knjižnica s svojo vsebi-no in obsežnostjo lastniku v ponos in čast. Nič nenavadnega ni bilo, da so se v zasebne zbirke učenih humanistov ─ aristokratov, kot so bili člani florentinske družine de Me-dici, ogrski kralj Matija Korvin in francoski generalni zakladnik Jean Grolier, zgrinjale dragocenosti in posebnosti z vsega sveta.

Vsi ti učeni in ponosni bralci so svoje knjige radi označevali na različne načine. To so lah-ko naredili z žigosanjem, lepljenjem ekslibri-sov, vpisi in pripisi ali drugimi podobnimi zaznamki, ki nam še danes sporočajo podat-ke o njihovem preteklem lastništvu in lo-kacijah.2 Za boljši estetski vtis so si petičnejši lastniki lahko omislili tudi posebej dragoce-no oziroma prepoznavno vezavo in dekora-cijo svojih knjig.

Prav tako ni bilo nič nenavadnega, če je dobronameren zbiratelj ali lastnik knjižnice, kakršen je bil na primer slavni Jean Grolier, svoje knjige namenil tudi širšemu krogu bral-cev in knjižnico odprl prijateljem, znancem

curious nobleman, scholars, clerics, and other men of importance raced to enlarge their abundant book collections. Quantity as well as quality of the collected materials was important. A humanist’s library, with its content and comprehensiveness, was the owner’s pride and honour. It was not unusual for the most precious and exotic books from all over the world to have found place in famous libraries, such as those of Florentine family De Medici, Hungarian King Corvinus, or French Treasurer-General Jean Grolier.

All these proud and learned readers often marked their books in different ways. They used stamps, book plates, and hand-written notes, which nowadays inform us of their previous locations and owners.2 To achieve uniform aesthetic impression, the owners could also order personalized bindings and special book-binding decoration.

It was also not unusual for a well-intentioned collector or library owner, such as the famous Jean Grolier, to make his collection accessi-ble to a wider circle of readers3 and to open his library to friends, acquaintances, and in-terested public. Together with this, library doors were also open to potential cutpurses and unconscientious users, who sometimes deliberately carried off or simply »forgot to return« the books they had borrowed. Dur-

nekdanjega lastništva v starih tiskih Narodne in univerzitetne knjižnice

of Provenances in the National and University Library’s Old Prints

ZnamenjaSigns


Provenance information is evident from hand-written notes, book plates, stamps, distinctive bindings, old shelf numbers (sig-naturae olim), old classification marks, and subscribers’ lists.8

Old inventory books, catalogues, and other evidences also contain information of many Carniolian and other libraries’ previous owners (see pic. 1 and 2). Unfortunately, they do not tell us much about the numer-ous individuals and institutions which have also left their traces and marks on or in the books. That is why methodical object-based research and recording of provenances is of extreme importance for the reconstruction of historical collections and previous own-ers’ data. Since 2010, when we first began with systematical research of the prove-nances, more than 300 previous owners of books from our collections have been iden-tified and recorded.

A systemized overview of former owner-ship evidence, found in some of the Nation-al and University Library’s old prints, to-gether with examples, will be presented in the following chapters.

Viri, ki prinašajo podatke o proveniencah, so: rokopisni zaznamki, ekslibrisi, žigi, la-stniške vezave, stare signature in stare kla-sifikacijske oznake ter seznami naročnikov.8

O nekdanjih lastnikih številnih fondov kranj-skih in drugih bibliotek pričajo tudi podatki v inventarnih knjigah, katalogih in drugih evidencah v Narodni in univerzitetni knji-žnici (glej sl. 1 in 2). Ker pa te ne povedo skoraj ničesar o številnih posameznikih in ustanovah, ki so v oziroma na knjigah prav tako pustili najrazličnejše zaznamke ali oznake, je sistematično raziskovanje in beleženje provenienc na podlagi pregleda primarnih objektov izjemno pomembno za rekonstrukcijo nekdanjega lastništva histo-ričnih fondov. Od leta 2010, ko smo pričeli s sistematičnim raziskovanjem provenienc, je bilo na tak način odkritih in zabeleženih že več kot 300 prejšnjih lastnikov knjig iz naših zbirk.

V nadaljevanju sledi sistematičen pregled posameznih pojavnih oblik znamenj nekda-njega lastništva, ki jih najdemo v nekaterih starih tiskih iz naše knjižnice. Pospremljen je tudi s primeri.


Pic. 1: A section from the Stična Cistercian monastery library’s census; handed over to the Lyceum Library in 1790.9

Pic. 2: A section from the 1859 Lyceum Library accession protocols: a list of Count Andreas Ho-henwart’s donations.10

Sl. 1: Odlomek iz seznama knjig stiškega cister-cijanskega samostana,9 ki so leta 1790 prišle v licejsko knjižnico.

Sl. 2: Odlomek iz akcesijskega protokola licejske knjižnice za leto 1859.10 Seznam darov grofa An-dreja Hohenwarta.


Sl. 15: Zabeležka o nakupu bistriškega priorja Avguština (Anno domini 1480 hunc librum, qui Catholicon dicitur, comparavit sex ducatibus monasterio Vallis jocosae ordinis Carthusiensis venerabilis pater Dominus Augustinus prior dicti monasterii …). V: Giovanni Balbi: Catholicon. Strassburg, med 1475 in 1477. Sig.: Ti IV 10592 (f. 3 recto).

Sl: 16: Zabeležka o daru Suzane Zaule (CathalogoSiticensi inscripsit et donavit Nobil[issima] et Clarissima Virgo Susanna Zauli A[nno] 1642). V: P.Terentius Afer Publius: Comoedias. Basel, 1532. Sig.: GS II 1386 (naslovna stran).

Pic. 15: A hand-written note by Bistra Carthu-sian Monastery Prior Augustinus (Anno domini 1480 hunc librum, qui Catholicon dicitur, com-paravit sex ducatibus monasterio Vallis jocosae ordinis Carthusiensis venerabilis pater Dominus Augustinus prior dicti monasterii …). In: Giovan-ni Balbi: Catholicon. Strassburg, ca. 1475—1477. Shelf nr.: Ti IV 10592 (f. 3 recto).

Pic. 16: A hand-written note about Susanna Zaule’s gift (Cathalogo Siticensi inscripsit et donavit Nobil/issima et Clarissima Virgo Susanna Zauli A[nno] 1642). In: P. Terentius Afer Publius: Comoedias. Basel, 1532. Shelf nr.: GS II 1386 (ti-tle-page).


Sl. 17: Bossusova zabeležka, da je knjigo prejel vdar od Leonarda Budine (Gregorii Bossi sum â quo mihi Leonardo Budinae dono datus Rinfeldie). V: Gregor Reisch: Margarita philosophica nova. Strassburg, 1508. Sig.: GS I 4898 (naslovna stran).

Sl. 18: Budikovo posvetilo (Bibliothecae publicae Labacensi D. D. Auctor). V: Peter Alcantara Budik: Vorbereitungsstudien für den angehenden Biblio-thekar. Wien, 1834. Sig.: GS I 58 (notranja stran sprednje platnice).

Pic. 18: Budik’s dedication (Bibliothecae publicae Labacensi D. D. Auctor). In: Peter Alcantara Budik: Vorbereitungsstudien für den angehenden Biblio-thekar. Wien, 1834. Shelf nr.: GS I 58 (inner side of the the front cover).

Pic. 17: A hand-written note by Bossus, stating that he had received this book as a gift from Leonardus Budina (Gregorii Bossi sum â quo mihi Leonardo Budinae dono datus Rinfeldie). In: Gregor Reisch: Margarita philosophica nova. Strassburg, 1508. Shelf nr.: GS I 4898 (title-page).


Sl. 31: Gombačev ekslibris. V: Friedrich von Schil-lers Leben und Wirken. Graz, 1826. Sig.: GS 0 703430 (notranja stran sprednje platnice).

Pic. 31: Gombač’s book plate. In: Friedrich von Schillers Leben und Wirken. Graz, 1826. Shelf nr.: GS 0 703430 (inner side of the front cover).


Stamping has always been a popular way of indicating ownership. Stamps may contain various inscriptions, initials, monograms, mottoes, heraldic motives, logotypes, and other pictorial elements with information about the owner. They can also imitate the owner’s signature (autograph). They can be found on many different locations, but they are most frequently imprinted on title-pages. Besides the Lyceum Library stamp, which has been used since the 19th century, many more can be found in the older prints at the Nation-al and University Library. Among the earli-est examples is a very interesting stamp from the Bistra Carthusian Monastery, with a bust of a Carthusian monk holding a palm branch in his hand. The stamps of Carniolian Pro-vincial Government and of Provincial Muse-um, which donated 365 books to the Lyceum Library in 1843, are also frequent. There are also some individual examples of stamps such as those from the Cistercian monas-tery in Monošter, Ljubljana’s Vicar-General Balthasar Radlitius, state veterinarian referee Hugon Turk, the Attems noble family, as well as other individuals and institutions. Besides these, there are also many unidentified ex-amples containing monograms, initials, and other symbols.

Žigosanje je bilo od nekdaj priljubljen način za označevanje lastništva. Žigi lahko vsebu-jejo različne napise, inicialke, monograme, mote, heraldične motive, logotipe ter druge likovne elemente in napise, ki pojasnjujejo lastništvo. Lahko tudi imitirajo lastnikov podpis oziroma avtograf. Najdemo jih na najrazličnejših mestih v knjigi, najpogosteje pa so odtisnjeni na naslovnih straneh. Poleg žiga ljubljanske licejske knjižnice, s katerimso začeli knjige sistematično opremljati šele v 19. stoletju, najdemo v starejših tiskih Narodne in univerzitetne knjižnice še žige številnih drugih ustanov in posameznikov. Med zgodnejšimi je posebej zanimiv značil-ni žig iz samostana v Bistri z dopasno upo-dobitvijo kartuzijanskega meniha, ki v roki drži palmovo vejo. Med pogostejšimi sta žig leta 1783 razpuščene Kranjske deželne vlade in žig Kranjskega deželnega muzeja, ki je leta 1843 licejski knjižnici podaril 365 knjig. Potem so tu še posamezni primeri kot na primer žig cistercijanskega samosta-na v Monoštru, ljubljanskega generalnega vikarja Baltazarja Radliča, državnega veteri-narskega referenta Hugona Turka, plemiške družine Attems ter drugih ustanov in posa-meznikov. Tem se pridružujejo mnogi nei-dentificirani žigi z monogrami, kraticami in drugimi simboli.

Žigi Stamps


Sl. 42: Značilna vezava iz stiškega cistercijanskega samostana (16. stoletje). Na: Josephus Flavius: Ope-ra. Basel, 1524. Sig.: GS III 671 (sprednja platnica).

Pic. 42: Distinctive 16th century Stična Monastery binding. On: Josephus Flavius: Opera. Basel, 1524. Shelf nr. GS III 671 (front cover).

načinov pridobivanja gradiva v Narodni in univerzitetni knjižniciin njenih predhodnicah: s primeri

of Acquisition Methods inthe National and University Libraryand its Predecessors: with Examples

Pregled Overview

GS 0 418

Franciscus Nigrini: Schauplatz der gantzen Welt, oder Summarische Vorstellung aller Königreiche, Länder, Iseln, Städt und Vestungen; so

in Europa, Asia, Africa und America zu finden. Nürnberg, 1679.

»Summarische Vorstellung aller Königrei-che, Länder, Iseln, Städt und Vestungen; so in Europa, Asia, Africa und America zu fin-den« Francisca Nigrinija je primer priljublje-nih pregledov zgodovine, geografije ter kul-turnih, naravnih, umetnostnih in arhitektur-nih znamenitosti posameznih dežel, ki so bili namenjeni predvsem izobraževanju ter raz-vedrilu plemstva in meščanstva.

PROVENIENCA: Na naslovni strani je za-znamek barona Marka Antona Tauffererja (Marcus Antonius L[iber] B[aro] de Taufferer).

Tauffererji (Taufrerji) so bili plemiška rod-bina, iz katere je izšlo več vidnih uradni-kov, častnikov, duhovnikov ter avtorjev nabožnih knjig. Ni znano, kaj jih je v drugi polovici 16. stoletja iz rodnega Augsburga privedlo na Kranjsko. Mihael Taufferer je leta 1646 kupil gospoščino Turn pri Višnji Gori (Weixelbach), ki je ostala v družinski posesti 250 let. Njegov drugi sin iz zakona z Marijo Elizabeto je bil Mark Anton (1655–1709). Po zaključeni gimnaziji v Ljubljani je študiral pravo v Gradcu, prepotoval številne evropske dežele, postal upravnik plačilnega urada v Vojni Krajini, general-ni deželni prejemnik, odbornik kranjskih stanov, prisednik dvornega in deželnega sodišča, upravnik kranjskega glavarstva in predsednik urada stanovskega odbora. Pridobil si je tudi privilegij za trgovino s

Francisco Nigrini’s »Summarische Vorstel-lung aller Königreiche, Länder, Iseln, Städt und Vestungen; so in Europa, Asia, Africa und America zu finden« is an example of popular historical, geographical, natural, ar-tistic, and architectural overviews of individ-ual kingdoms and cities. They were primarily intended for the education and entertainment of nobility and middle classes.

PROVENANCE: There is a hand-written noteby Baron Marcus Antonius Taufferer on the title-page (Marcus Antonius L[iber] B[aro] de Taufferer).

The Taufferers (Taufrers) were a noble family. Many of its members were impor-tant civil servants, officers, clerics, and de-votional literature writers. It is not certain what brought them from native Augsburg to Carniolia in the 16th century. Michael Taufferer bought the Turn estate near Višnja.Gora (Weixelbach) in 1646 and it remained in the family possession for 250 years. Mar-cus Antonius was his second son, born out of marriage with Maria Elisabeta. After he had finished the Ljubljana Gymnasium he studied law in Graz, travelled through many European lands, and became a regis-try office manager in Vojna Krajina, a memberber of royal and provincial judicial bench, a Carniolian district administrator, and a pres-ident of the State Office Committee. He also

SIGNATURA SHELF NUMBER


Sl. 64: Frontispic in naslovna stran s Tauffererje-vim zaznamkom.

Pic. 64: Frontispiece and title-page with Tauffer-er’s hand-written note.

platnom in postal član Dizmove bratovščine z vzdevkom »Previdni« (der Behüetsambe).46

acquired a privilege in linen trade and becamea member of The Dizma Brotherhood, nick-named »The Provident« (der Behüetsambe).46

Zbirka starih tiskov Narodne in univerzitetneknjižnice hrani gradivo iz obdobja med začet-kom 16. stoletja in prvo polovico 19. stoletja. Njeno jedro tvorijo knjige, ki so bile ob refor-mah Marije Terezije in Jožefa II. v 18. stoletju predane nekdanji licejski knjižnici. Tem se pridružujejo številni sočasni ter kasnejši da-rovi in nakupi, pa tudi nekatere zbirke, ki so bile zaplenjene po drugi svetovni vojni.

Dr. Sonja Svoljšak in Urša Kocjan sta skrbnici Zbirke starih tiskov. V svojem strokovnem in znanstvenoraziskovalnem delu se posveča-ta knjigi kot kulturnozgodovinskemu fenome-nu, upravljanju zbirke ter katalogizaciji starej-šega tiskanega gradiva.

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The National and University Library’s Old Prints Collection comprises holdings pub-lished between the beginning of the 16th century and the second half of the 19th cen-tury. Books, which were handed over to the Lyceum Library as a consequence of Maria Theresa‘s and Joseph II‘s 18th century ad-ministrative reforms, present the core of the collection. They are completed with numerous contemporary and later dona-tions, and acquisitions, as well as some col-lections, which were confiscated after the Second World War.

Dr. Sonja Svoljšak and Urša Kocjan are the Old Prints Collection’s curators. Their pri-mary professional and research focus are books as cultural and historical phenome-na, the Collection‘s management, and old prints cataloguing.

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