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Abstract

Kampon Kaeoket*

THE USE OF REAL TIME B-MODE ULTRASOUND TO DETECTOVULATION AND PREGNANCY IN SWINE

Real time B-mode ultrasound for ovarian examination in pigs has been used in many experimental

studies. All were aimed at elucidating the relationship between the duration of oestrus, the time of ovulation, the

time of insemination and fertility. This review describes the uses and benefits of real time B-mode ultrasound

for ovulation monitoring and pregnancy diagnosis for fertility control in swine breeding herds. The reliability of

diagnosis is very much dependent on the experience of the investigator and the type of ultrasound machine used.

It is considered that real time B-mode ultrasound is a useful tool for monitoring the ovulation on a given farm and

can be used to establish a farm specific insemination strategy, pregnancy diagnosis and the detection of ovarian

cysts. The availability of an inexpensive, lightweight, portable ultrasound machine will greatly facilitate

reproductive imaging in the female pig and may prove useful in making management decisions, which can be

based on an accurate diagnosis of the reproductive status of the gilt or sow at any point in time.

Keywords : ultrasound, ovulation, pregnancy, swine

Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Nakorn Pathom 73170*Corresponding author

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16 Thai J. Vet. Med. Vol. 33 No. 1, 31 March 2003

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‚¥¬‡©æ“–∂Ⓡªìπ°“√µ√«®°“√µ°‰¢à„π ÿ°√ “« ‡π◊ËÕß®“°

 ÿ°√ “«¡’¢π“¥¢Õß™àÕ߇™‘ß°√“π·§∫°«à“ ÿ°√π“ß ®÷ߧ«√

∑”°“√µ√«®ºà“πºπ—ß∑âÕߥâ“π¢â“ߢÕß≈”µ—« ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª°“√µ√«®

°“√µ°‰¢à∑“ߥâ“π¢â“ß≈”µ—« ºŸâµ√«®¡—°®–∑”°“√µ√«®∑“ߥâ“π

¢«“¢Õß≈”µ—« (right abdominal side) ∑—Èßπ’ȇπ◊ËÕß®“°∑“ߥâ“π

´â“¬¢Õß≈”µ—«π—Èπ¡’≈”‰ â„À≠à à«π cecum ∑’Ë∫¥∫—ß¿“æ¢Õß

√—߉¢à∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ∫π®Õ¿“æ¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å

°“√µ√«®√—߉¢àºà“π∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—° “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â‚¥¬≈”¥—∫¢—Èπ

µÕπµàÕ‰ªπ’È

1. ‡µ√’¬¡À—«µ√«®„Àâæ√âÕ¡ ‡√‘Ë¡¥â«¬°“√„ à ultrasound

gel ≈߉ª„ππ‘È«¢Õß∂ÿß¡◊Õµ√«®™π‘¥¬“« ¢π“¥¢Õßπ‘È«§«√‡≈◊Õ°

„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫¢π“¥¢ÕßÀ—«µ√«® ®“°π—Èπ„ àÀ—«µ√«®≈߉ª

„ππ‘È«¢Õß∂ÿß¡◊Õ∑’Ë¡’ ultrasound gel ∫√√®ÿÕ¬Ÿà·≈â«∑”°“√ºŸ°À—«

µ√«®‚¥¬„™âπ‘È«¢Õß∂ÿß¡◊Õ¬“«∑’ˇÀ≈◊ÕºŸ°„Àâ·πàπªÑÕß°—π°“√

‰À≈¬âÕπ°≈—∫¢Õß ultrasound gel

2. ∑”°“√≈â«ßÕÿ®®“√–ÕÕ°®“°∑«“√Àπ—°„ÀâÀ¡¥

18 Thai J. Vet. Med. Vol. 33 No. 1, 31 March 2003

‡æ◊ËÕ‰¡à„À⇪ìπµ—«¢—¥¢«“ß°“√ àߧ≈◊Ëπ·≈–√—∫§≈◊Ëπ¢ÕßÀ—«µ√«®

·≈–Õ“®®–∑”„Àâ¿“æ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¡à™—¥‡®π °àÕπ≈â«ß‡æ◊ËÕ‡Õ“

Õÿ®®“√–ÕÕ°ºŸâµ√«®§«√ «¡∂ÿß¡◊Õ¬“«·≈–À≈àÕ≈◊Ëπ¥â«¬ “√

À≈àÕ≈◊Ëπ„Àâ‡æ’¬ßæÕ ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥°“√‡ ’¬¥ ’∑’ËÕ“®®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ·≈–

∑”„Àâ‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°µ“¡¡“‰¥â

3. „™â¡◊Õ¢â“ß∑’Ë∂π—¥°ÿ¡À—«µ√«®„π≈—°…≥–§«Ë”¡◊Õ≈ß

‡∑ “√À≈àÕ≈◊Ëπ≈ß∫π¡◊Õ ·¢π ·≈–À—«µ√«®„Àâ‡æ’¬ßæÕ ‡æ◊ËÕ

≈¥°“√‡ ’¬¥ ’¢Õߺπ—ß ”‰ â°—∫·¢π¢ÕߺŸâµ√«®

4.  Õ¥À—«µ√«®·≈–¡◊Õ‡¢â“‰ª„π∑«“√Àπ—°„π∑‘»∑“ß

µ√߉ª¢â“ßÀπâ“ „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—πºŸâµ√«®µâÕߥŸ®Õ¿“扪¥â«¬

®–∑”„Àâ∑√“∫«à“µÕππ’ȺŸâµ√«® Õ¥¡◊Õ·≈–À—«µ√«®‡¢â“‰ª≈÷°

‡æ’¬ß„¥ ∑—Èßπ’ȧ«√«“ßÀ—«µ√«®„Àâ·π∫™‘¥°—∫ºπ—ߢÕß≈”‰ â„Àâ

‰¥â¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ‰¡à„À⇰‘¥™àÕß«à“ߢ÷Èπ ·≈–Õ“®®–∑”„Àâ¿“æ∑’Ë

‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¡à™—¥‡®π „π∑“ߪؑ∫—µ‘ºŸâµ√«®§«√ Õ¥À—«µ√«®·≈–

¡◊Õ‡¢â“‰ª®π “¡“√∂¡Õ߇ÀÁπ°√–‡æ“–ªí  “«– (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 A, UB

= °√–‡æ“–ªí  “«–) ÷Ëß¡’πÈ”ªí  “«–Õ¬Ÿà¢â“ß„π ¿“æ∑’ˇÀÁπ

∫π®Õ¿“æ®–‡ªìπ ’¥” ¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π®–¡Õ߇ÀÁπºπ—ߢÕß

°√–‡æ“–ªí  “«–‡ªìπ ’¢“« ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π

°“√ –∑âÕπ§≈◊ËπÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å‰¥â¥’°«à“¢Õ߇À≈«

5. À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë¡Õ߇ÀÁπ°√–‡æ“–ªí  “«–·≈â« „π∫“ß

§√—ÈߺŸâµ√«®Õ“®¡Õ߇ÀÁπ√—߉¢à¢Õß ÿ°√‰¥âæ√âÕ¡°—π·µà∂â“

ºŸâµ√«®¡Õ߇ÀÁπ·µà°√–‡æ“–ªí  “«–Õ¬à“߇¥’¬« ´÷Ë߇ªìπ¿“æ

 ’¥”∫π®Õ¿“æ ®“°ª√– ∫°“√≥å¢ÕߺŸâ‡¢’¬π„À⺟âµ√«®∑”°“√

∫‘¥¡◊Õ‰ª∑“ß â“¬À√◊Õ∑“ߢ«“ª√–¡“≥ 45 Õß»“ ®“°‡ âπ°≈“ß

≈”µ—«¢Õß ÿ°√°Á®–∑”„Àâ¡Õ߇ÀÁπ√—߉¢à∑—Èß Õߢâ“ߢÕß ÿ°√‰¥â

·µà∂â“¿“æ¢Õß√—߉¢à¬—߉¡à™—¥‡®π „À⺟âµ√«®∫‘¥À—«µ√«®‰ª∑“ß

´â“¬À√◊Õ¢«“™â“Ê °ÁÕ“®∑”„Àâ¿“æ∑’˪√“°Ø∫π®Õ¿“æ™—¥‡®π¢÷Èπ

6. ¢≥–∑”°“√µ√«®√—߉¢à∂â“ ÿ°√¥‘Èπ À√◊Õ‡°‘¥°“√∫’∫

µ—«¢Õß≈”‰ â„À≠à à«πª≈“¬ (rectum) „À⺟âµ√«®«“ß¡◊Õ·≈–

À—«µ√«®π‘ËßÊ∫πºπ—ß≈”‰ â Õ¬à“欓¬“¡ÕÕ°·√ßµâ“π°“√∫’∫

µ—«¢Õß≈”‰ â ‡æ√“–Õ“®∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√‡ ’¬¥ ’®π‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°®“°

ºπ—ߢÕß≈”‰ â‰¥â À≈—ß®“°µ√«®‡ √Á®·≈â«„Àâ¥÷ß¡◊Õ·≈–À—«

µ√«®ÕÕ°¡“™â“Ê ®“°π—Èπ„Àâ∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥∫√‘‡«≥∫—Èπ∑⓬

¢Õß ÿ°√¥â«¬°√–¥“…™”√– À√◊Õ≈â“ߥ⫬πÈ” –Õ“¥

¢π“¥¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈∑’˪√“°Ø∫π®Õ¿“æ¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕß

Õ—≈µ√“´“«¥åπ—Èπ·µ°µà“ß°—π‰ª ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫«à“ºŸâµ√«®°”≈—ß

µ√«®√—߉¢à¢Õß ÿ°√„π√–¬–„¥¢Õß«ß√Õ∫°“√‡ªìπ —¥ ®“°

ª√– ∫°“√≥å¢ÕߺŸâ‡¢’¬π„π°“√µ√«® ÿ°√π“ßπ—Èπ ºŸâ‡¢’¬π‰¥â

‡√‘Ë¡µ√«®√—߉¢à¢Õß ÿ°√π“ßµ—Èß·µà«—π∑’Ë 2 À≈—ß®“°À¬à“π¡ («—π

∑’ËÀ¬à“π¡ = «—π∑’Ë 0) ¢π“¥¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈„π√–¬–π’È®–¡’¢π“¥

‡ âπºà“»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߪ√–¡“≥ 3-5 ¡≈. ·≈–‚µ¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«

‡¡◊ËÕ‡¢â“ Ÿà√–¬– pro-oestrus ®π¡’¢π“¥ª√–¡“≥ 7-8 ¡≈. (√Ÿª

∑’Ë 1A) ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ ÿ°√‡¢â“ Ÿà√–¬–°“√‡ªìπ —¥ (oestrus) ¡’¢π“¥

ª√–¡“≥ 9-10 ¡≈. (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1B)

°“√µ√«®°“√µ°‰¢àπ—Èπ§«√‡√‘Ë¡µ√«®µ—È ß·µà√–¬–

pro-oestrus ‚¥¬Õ“®µ√«®«—π≈–§√—Èß ‡æ◊ËÕ¥Ÿ°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß

¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√ √â“ߧ«“¡§ÿâπ‡§¬„Àâ°—∫ ÿ°√

„π°“√∂Ÿ°µ√«®¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥åºà“π∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—° ·µà

À≈—ß®“° ÿ°√¬◊ππ‘Ëß (standing oestrus) §«√‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡∂’Ë¢Õß

°“√µ√«®‡ªìπ∑ÿ°Ê 4 6 À√◊Õ 8 ™¡. ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫§«“¡ –¥«°

§«“¡∂Ÿ°µâÕß ·≈–§«“¡·¡àπ¬”∑’˺Ÿâµ√«®µâÕß°“√ ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª

°“√∑’˺Ÿâµ√«®®–√“¬ß“πº≈°“√µ√«®«à“‡°‘¥°“√µ°‰¢àÀ√◊Õ‰¡à

π—Èπ  “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â‚¥¬°“√µ√«®√—߉¢àµ‘¥µàÕ°—πÀ≈“¬Ê §√—Èß

µ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ „π°“√µ√«®°“√µ°‰¢àµ‘¥µàÕ°—π∑ÿ° 4 ™¡.  ¡¡ÿµ‘

«à“ºŸâµ√«® ∑”°“√µ√«®∑’ˇ«≈“ 20.00 π. ≥ ‡«≈“π’È ºŸâµ√«®¬—ß

 “¡“√∂‡ÀÁπøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈∫π√—߉¢à‰¥â·µà‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√µ√«®À≈—ß

®“°π—ÈπÕ’° 4 ™¡. ≥ ‡«≈“ 24.00 π. ºŸâµ√«®‰¡à “¡“√∂¡Õß

‡ÀÁπøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈Õ¬à“ß∑’ˇ§¬‡ÀÁπ ≥ ‡«≈“ 20.00 π. (¢π“¥¢Õß

øÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°≈ߧ√÷ËßÀπ÷ËߢÕß∑’ˇ§¬‡ÀÁπ§√—Èß ÿ¥∑⓬

À√◊ÕøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈À“¬‰ª‰¡à “¡“√∂µ√«®æ∫‰¥â) π—ËπÀ¡“¬§«“¡

«à“‰¥â‡°‘¥°“√µ°‰¢à ≥ ‡«≈“ 22.00 π. §◊Õ√–¬–‡«≈“§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß

√–À«à“ß°“√µ√«®æ∫øÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈§√—Èß ÿ¥∑⓬°—∫‡«≈“∑’ˉ¡à

 “¡“√∂¡Õ߇ÀÁπøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈‰¥â ¥—ßπ—Èπ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“§«“¡∂Ÿ°µâÕß

·¡à𬔮–¡’¡“°·§à‰Àπ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫§«“¡∂’Ë„π°“√µ√«®Õ—≈µ√“´“«¥å

‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√µ°‰¢à¢Õß ÿ°√µ—Èß·µà„∫·√°®π∂÷ß

„∫ ÿ¥∑⓬®–„™â‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥ 1-3 ™¡. (Soede et al., 1992;

Mburu et al., 1995) ‡π◊ËÕß®“°øÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈·µà≈–„∫∫π√—߉¢à

‡°‘¥°“√µ°‰¢à‰¡àæ√âÕ¡°—π

®“°ª√– ∫°“√≥å¢ÕߺŸâ ‡¢’¬π‡Õß ·≈–®“°°“√‰¥â

Õ¿‘ª√“¬°—∫ º».π. æ.¥√. «‘™—¬ ∑—πµ»ÿ¿“√—°…å ·≈– Õ.π. æ.¥√.

‡º¥Á® ∏√√¡√—°…å ∂÷ß≈—°…≥–¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈∫π®Õ¿“æ¢Õß

‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å ‚¥¬°àÕπ°“√µ°‰¢àª√–¡“≥ 2-4 ™¡.

¿“æ¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈∑’ˇÀÁπ∫π®Õ¿“æ®–¡’¢Õ∫ ’¢“«¢÷Èπ¡“°°«à“

ª°µ‘ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1C 1D ·≈– 1E) ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß

¢Õߺπ—ßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈°àÕπ°“√µ°‰¢à ∑”„Àâ¢Õ∫¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈

Àπ“¢÷Èπ¡Õ߇ÀÁπ‡ªìπ ’¢“«À√◊Õ ’‡∑“∫π®Õ¿“æ À≈—ß®“°‡°‘¥

°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߥ—ß°≈à“«·≈â« ¢π“¥¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈≈¥≈ß®“°

9-10 ¡≈. ®π∂÷ß 5 ¡≈. À√◊ÕÕ“®‡≈Á°≈ß®π‰¡à “¡“√∂¡Õ߇ÀÁπ

‡¡◊ËÕ°“√µ°‰¢à‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‚¥¬ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1F 1G ·≈– 2F)

 à«π≈—°…≥–¢Õß cystic ovary ∫π®Õ¿“æπ—Èπ ºŸâµ√«®®–‡ÀÁπ

‡«™™ “√ —µ«·æ∑¬å ªï∑’Ë 33 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1, 31 ¡’π“§¡ 2546 19

√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 · ¥ß¿“æ¢Õß√—߉¢à ÿ°√ ≥ √–¬–‡«≈“µà“ßÊ °—π ´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å·∫∫‡√’¬∫‰∑¡å ∫’-‚¡¥ ‚¥¬„™âÀ—«µ√«®™π‘¥ annular array sector (Scanner 250, Pie Medical b.v. Maastricht, The Netherlands) ·≈–§«“¡∂’Ë¢π“¥5.0 MHz ∑”°“√µ√«®ºà“π∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—° (UB = °√–‡æ“–ªí  “«– ·≈–≈Ÿ°»√ ’¥”· ¥ß¿“æ¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈À≈—ß®“°‡°‘¥°“√µ°‰¢à)

20 Thai J. Vet. Med. Vol. 33 No. 1, 31 March 2003

√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 · ¥ß¿“æ¢Õß√—߉¢à ÿ°√ ≥ √–¬–‡«≈“µà“ßÊ °—π´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å·∫∫‡√’¬≈‰∑¡å∫’-‚¡¥ ‚¥¬„™âÀ—«µ√«®™π‘¥ linear array (AlokaSSD-210DXII, Aloka Co.Ltd., Japan) ·≈–§«“¡∂’Ë¢π“¥ 7.5 MHz ∑”°“√µ√«®ºà“π∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—°(≈Ÿ°»√ ’¥”· ¥ß¿“æ¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈À≈—ß®“°‡°‘¥°“√µ°‰¢à)

«à“¢π“¥¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈¡’¢π“¥„À≠à°«à“ª°µ‘ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1H) ‚¥¬¡’

¢π“¥¢Õ߇ âπºà“»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß„À≠à°«à“ 11 ¡≈.(Miller, 1984;

Keenan, 1985; McEntee, 1990) πÕ°®“°°“√„™â annular

sector probe ¬—ß “¡“√∂„™â À—«µ√«®™π‘¥ linear array ¥â«¬

§«“¡∂’Ë¢π“¥ 7.5 MHz µ√«®√—߉¢à¢Õß ÿ°√Õ’°¥â«¬ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 2)

°“√„™â linear probe µ√«®√—߉¢à„π ÿ°√π—Èπ ºŸâµ√«®

®–µâÕß欓¬“¡ Õ¥À—«µ√«®„À⇢Ⓞ°≈â√—߉¢à∑—Èß Õߢâ“ß„À≥â

¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥⿓æ∑’Ë™—¥‡®π ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ªÀ—«µ√«®™π‘¥π’Èπ‘¬¡

„™â‡æ◊ËÕµ√«®√—߉¢à¢Õß‚§·≈–¡â“ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°„π‚§·≈–¡â“ºŸâµ√«®

 “¡“√∂À“µ”·ÀπàߢÕß√—߉¢à‰¥âßà“¬°«à“ ·≈– “¡“√∂«“ßÀ—«

µ√«®‰ª∫π√—߉¢à‰¥â ´÷Ëß°“√∑”·∫∫π’È®–„Àâ¿“æ¢Õß√—߉¢à∑’Ë

™—¥‡®π °“√∑’˺Ÿâµ√«®µâÕß«“ßÀ—«µ√«®„À♑¥°—∫√—߉¢àπ—Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°

§≈◊Ëπ∑’ËÕÕ° ®“° annular sector probe ·≈– linear probe ¡’

√—»¡’¢Õߧ≈◊ËπÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥åµà“ß°—π °≈à“«§◊Õ§≈◊ËπÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å

®“° annular sector array ®–·æ√àÕÕ°‰ª‰¥â°«â“ß°«à“ ·≈–

· ¥ß¿“æ¢Õß√—߉¢à∫πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë√Ÿª pie shape ∫π®Õ¿“æ ¥—ßπ—Èπ

®÷߉¡à®”‡ªìπ∑’Ë®–µâÕß«“ßÀ—«µ√«®™π‘¥ annular sector array

„À♑¥°—∫√—߉¢à‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫À—«µ√«®™π‘¥ linear array ¿“æ

µ—«Õ¬à“ß®“°°“√µ√«®√—߉¢à¢Õß ÿ°√π“ß‚¥¬„™â À—«µ√«®™π‘¥

linear array ‰¥â· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 ‚¥¬À—«µ√«®™π‘¥π’È®–

· ¥ß¿“æ¢Õß√—߉¢à∫πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë√Ÿª ’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡º◊πºâ“ (rectangular)

∫π®Õ¿“æ

°“√·¬°¿“æ¢ÕßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥°—∫¿“æøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈ —߇°µ®“°

1. ¿“æ¢ÕßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ∫π®Õ¿“æ®–‡ªìπ

¿“懥’ˬ«Ê „π¢≥–∑’Ë¿“æ¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈®–¡Õ߇ÀÁπ‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡

(√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ·≈– 2)

2. „Àâ∑¥≈Õß∫‘¥À—«µ√«®‰ª∑“ߴ⓬À√◊Õ∑“ߢ«“‡≈Á°

πâÕ¬ ∂â“¿“æ∑’ˇÀÁπµÕπ·√°À“¬‰ª À√◊Õ°≈“¬‡ªìπ¿“æ∑’ˉ¡à

™—¥‡®π (moving picture À√◊Õ blurred) · ¥ß«à“¿“æπ—Èπ‡ªìπ

¿“æ¢ÕßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ·µà∂â“¿“æπ—Èπ‡ªìπøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈®–∑”„Àâ¡Õß

‡ÀÁπ™—¥‡®π¢÷Èπ À√◊Õ¡Õ߇ÀÁπ®”π«πøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈¡“°¢÷Èπ

3. ¿“æ¢ÕßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥∫π®Õ¿“æ®–¡’≈—°…≥–‰¡à

°≈¡‡À¡◊Õπ¿“æ¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈ ·≈–¡’¢Õ∫‡¢µ‰¡à™—¥‡®π

‡À¡◊Õπ¿“æ¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈

°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å·∫∫‡√’¬≈‰∑¡å ∫’-‚¡¥ µ√«®°“√µ—Èß

∑âÕߢÕß ÿ°√

°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å™π‘¥‡√’¬≈‰∑¡å ∫’-‚¡¥ π—Èπ

‰¥â¡’ºŸâ‡√‘Ë¡„™â°—πµ—Èß·µàµâπ∑»«√√…∑’Ë 19 (Inaba et al., 1983;

Jackson, 1986a,b) ‚¥¬„™âÀ—«µ√«®∑’Ë¡’§«“¡∂’Ë¢π“¥ 3.5-5.0

‡«™™ “√ —µ«·æ∑¬å ªï∑’Ë 33 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1, 31 ¡’π“§¡ 2546 21

MHz ·≈–∑”°“√µ√«®°“√µ—Èß∑âÕߺà“πºπ—ß∑âÕߥâ“π¢â“ß≈”µ—«

‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å™π‘¥π’È®–„Àâ¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ®√‘ß (real time)

∫π®Õ¿“æ¢Õß ‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å ´÷Ë߇ªìπ¿“æ 2 ¡‘µ‘ °“√

µ√«®°“√µ—Èß∑âÕß„π ÿ°√‚¥¬„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å™π‘¥π’È ∑”

‰¥â‚¥¬°“√µ√«®¥Ÿ∂ÿßÀÿ⡧—æ¿– (embryonic vesicles) ´÷Ëß®–¡’

 ’¥” (non-echogenic) ∫π®Õ¿“æ·≈–≈âÕ¡√Õ∫¥â«¬‡π◊ÈÕ ‡¬◊ËÕ

 ’¢“« (echogenic) ´÷Ëß “¡“√∂µ√«®æ∫‰¥âµ—Èß·µà 15 «—π ¢÷Èπ

‰ªÀ≈—ߺ ¡ (Knox and Althouse, 1999) ·≈–Õ“®®–¡’¢π“¥

ª√–¡“≥ 4 ¡≈. ®“°π—Èπ∂ÿßÀÿ⡵—«ÕàÕπ ®–¡’¢π“¥„À≠à¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê

µ“¡Õ“¬ÿ¢Õß°“√µ—Èß∑âÕß ®πÕ“® ¡’¢π“¥¢Õß¿“æµ—¥¢«“ß

ª√–¡“≥ 31 ¡≈. ‡¡◊ËÕµ—Èß∑âÕ߉¥â 24 «—π (de Rensis et al.,

2000)  ”À√—∫§—æ¿–¢Õß  ÿ°√π—Èπ “¡“√∂¡Õ߇ÀÁπ‰¥âµ—Èß·µà

Õ“¬ÿª√–¡“≥ 25 «—π ¢Õß°“√µ—Èß∑âÕß¿“æ∑’ˇÀÁπ®–¡’≈—°…≥–

‡ªìπ‚§√ß √â“ß ’¢“« ≈âÕ¡√Õ∫¥â«¬«ß°≈¡À√◊Õ«ß√’∑’Ë¡’ ’¥”

(Meredith, 1990; Martinez et al., 1992)

‡¡◊ËÕ‡√Á«Ê π’ȉ¥â¡’°“√º≈‘µ‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å™π‘¥‡√’¬≈‰∑¡å

∫’-‚¡¥ ™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß ´÷ËߢâÕ¥’¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕß√ÿàππ’È §◊Õ ¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡∫“

ª√–¡“≥ 800 °.  “¡“√∂ºŸ°µ‘¥°—∫¢âÕ¡◊Õ¢ÕߺŸâµ√«®‰¥â æ°

√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 · ¥ß¿“æ¢Õß∂ÿßÀÿ⡵—«ÕàÕπ ÿ°√∑’Ë√–¬–‡«≈“µà“ßÊ °—π ¢Õß°“√µ—Èß∑âÕß (A-D) ÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å·∫∫‡√’¬≈‰∑¡å∫’-‚¡¥ √ÿàπ 50S Tringa (Pie Medical, The Netherlands) À—«µ√«®™π‘¥ sector array ·≈–§«“¡∂’Ë¢π“¥ 5.0 MHz∑”°“√µ√«®ºà“π∑“ߺπ—ß∑âÕߥâ“π¢â“ß≈”µ—« ≈Ÿ°»√ ’¢“«· ¥ß¿“æ¢Õß∂ÿßÀÿ⡵—«ÕàÕπ (A) ·≈–µ—«ÕàÕπ (B C ·≈– D)¿“æµ—«Õ¬à“ߢâ“ß∫π‰¥âπ”¡“®“° CD-ROM · ¥ß°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å √ÿàπ 50S Tringa ¢Õß∫√‘…—∑ Kruuse SvenskaAB, Sweden

22 Thai J. Vet. Med. Vol. 33 No. 1, 31 March 2003

æ“ –¥«° ÕÕ°·∫∫„Àâ„™âµ√«®°“√µ—Èß∑âÕߺà“πºπ—ß∑âÕߥâ“π

¢â“ß≈”µ—« ·≈– “¡“√∂„™âµ√«®¥Ÿ∂ÿßÀÿ⡵—«ÕàÕπ‰¥âµ—Èß·µà 18 «—π

¢Õß°“√µ—Èß∑âÕß (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3A) πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’‚ª√·°√¡∑’Ë„™â„π

°“√§”π«≥ Õ“¬ÿ¢Õßµ—«ÕàÕπ ÿ°√Õ¬Ÿà¿“¬„π‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å

 ”À√—∫À—«µ√«®¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å™π‘¥π’È ¡’„Àâ‡≈◊Õ°‰¥â 2

·∫∫¥â«¬°—π §◊Õ§«“¡∂’Ë¢π“¥ 3.5/5.0 MHz dual frequency

·≈–§«“¡∂’Ë¢π“¥ 5.0/7.5 MHz dual frequency ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“‡√“

 “¡“√∂´◊ÈÕÀ—«µ√«®‡æ’¬ß™π‘¥‡¥’¬« ·µà “¡“√∂ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ

§«“¡∂’Ë¢ÕßÀ—«µ√«®‰¥âµ“¡§«“¡µâÕß°“√ ·≈–≈—°…≥–ß“π∑’Ë

®–„™âµ√«®  ”À√—∫¿“æµ—«Õ¬à“ß®“°°“√µ√«®°“√µ—Èß∑âÕß„π ÿ°√

¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å√ÿàππ’È ‰¥â· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 3A ·≈–

3B ( ÿ°√µ—Èß∑âÕ߉¥âª√–¡“≥ 18 «—π ·≈– 23 «—𠵓¡≈”¥—∫)

√Ÿª∑’Ë 3C ·≈– 3D ( ÿ°√µ—Èß∑âÕ߉¥âª√–¡“≥ 32 «—π ·≈– 35

«—𠵓¡≈”¥—∫)

 ”À√—∫°“√µ√«®«—¥§«“¡¬“«¢Õßµ—«ÕàÕπ„π ÿ°√®“°

À—«®π∂÷ß‚§πÀ“ßπ—Èπ (crown-rump length, CRL)  “¡“√∂

∑”‰¥âµ—Èß·µàª√–¡“≥ 28-30 «—π ¢Õß°“√µ—Èß∑âÕ߇ªìπµâπ‰ª

‡π◊ËÕß®“°µ—«ÕàÕπ¢Õß ÿ°√√–¬–π’È®–‡®√‘≠ ‡µ‘∫‚µ®π¡’Õ«—¬«–

·≈–‚§√ß √â“ßµà“ßÊ ¢Õß√à“ß°“¬ ·µà¬—ß¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°¡“° ‡™àπ

À—«·≈–¢“∑—Èß 4 ¢â“ß ´÷Ëß “¡“√∂ ¡Õ߇ÀÁπ‰¥â®“°‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“

´“«¥å™π‘¥‡√’¬≈‰∑¡å B-mode ‚¥¬®–‡ÀÁπ‡ªìπ¿“悧√ß √â“ß

 ’¢“«≈âÕ¡√Õ∫¥â«¬«ß°≈¡ ∑’Ë¡’ ’¥” ‚¥¬ª°µ‘µ—«ÕàÕπ¢Õß ÿ°√„π

√–¬–π’È¡’§«“¡¬“«ª√–¡“≥ 20 ¡≈. ·≈–Õ“®¡’§«“¡¬“«∂÷ß

50 ¡≈. ‡¡◊ËÕ ÿ°√µ—Èß∑âÕ߉¥âª√–¡“≥ 40 «—π (Kähn, 1994)

„π¡πÿ…¬å °“√µ√«®°“√µ—Èߧ√√¿å·≈–°“√«—¥¢π“¥¢Õß∑“√°„π

§√√¿å  Ÿµ‘π√’·æ∑¬å®–∑”°“√µ√«®«—¥§«“¡¬“«¢Õß∑“√°„π

§√√¿å‡¡◊ËÕµ—Èߧ√√¿å‰¥âª√–¡“≥ 18-19  —ª¥“Àå (√Ÿª∑’Ë 4) ‚¥¬

 Ÿµ‘π√’·æ∑¬å¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å ‡æ◊ËÕµ√«®¥Ÿ§«“¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¢Õß

Õ«—¬«–·¢π ¢“ °–‚À≈°»’√…– µ≈Õ¥®πÀ—«„® ®“°π—Èπ Ÿµ‘π√’

·æ∑¬å®–∑”°“√µ√«®«—¥§«“¡¬“«¢Õß°√–¥Ÿ° 4 µ”·Àπàߥ⫬

°—π §◊Õ crown-rump length (CRL), femur length (FL), body

diameter (BD) ·≈– biparietal diameter (BPD) ¢Õß

°–‚À≈°»’√…– À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ®–π”§à“∑’ˉ¥â‰ª§”π«≥‚¥¬„™â

‚ª√·°√¡§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å ‡æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë®–°”À𥫗π§≈Õ¥„Àâ°—∫ µ√’∑’Ë

µ—Èߧ√√¿å (Geirsson, 1997)

∫∑ √ÿª

°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å™π‘¥‡√’¬≈‰∑¡å ∫’-‚¡¥ ‡¢â“¡“

™à«¬„π°“√®—¥°“√∑“ß°“√ ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå¢Õß ÿ°√„πø“√å¡π—Èπ ®–°àÕ

„À⇰‘¥ª√–‚¬™πåÀ≈“¬Õ¬à“ߥ⫬°—π °≈à“«§◊Õ

1. ºŸâº≈‘µ ÿ°√®–∑√“∫∂÷ߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡«≈“„π

°“√µ°‰¢à¢Õß ÿ°√„πø“√å¡ ·≈– “¡“√∂π”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈π’ȉª„™â„π

°“√®—¥°“√∑“ߥâ“π°“√º ¡æ—π∏ÿå

2. ºŸâº≈‘µ ÿ°√ “¡“√∂µ√«®°“√µ—Èß∑âÕߢÕß ÿ°√‰¥â

‡√Á«·≈–·¡à𬔰«à“«‘∏’Õ◊ËπÊ ·≈–ª√–À¬—¥·√ßß“π „π°“√µ√«®

°“√°≈—∫ —¥

3. ºŸâº≈‘µ ÿ°√ “¡“√∂µ√«®§«“¡º‘¥ª√°µ‘ ¢Õß√—߉¢à

‰¥â∑—π∑à«ß∑’ ‡æ◊ËÕª√–‚¬™πå„π°“√«“ß·ºπ°“√√—°…“ À√◊Õ

∑”°“√§—¥∑‘Èß ÿ°√

√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 · ¥ß¿“æ¢Õß∑“√°„π§√√¿å ´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å·∫∫‡√’¬≈‰∑¡å ∫’-‚¡¥ ‚¥¬„™âÀ—«µ√«®™π‘¥ convex

·≈–§«“¡∂’Ë¢π“¥ 4 MHz ∑”°“√µ√«®ºà“πºπ—ßÀπâ“∑âÕߢÕß µ√’∑’˵—Èߧ√√¿å

‡«™™ “√ —µ«·æ∑¬å ªï∑’Ë 33 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1, 31 ¡’π“§¡ 2546 23

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß

Botero, O., Martinat-Botté, F. and Bariteau, F. 1986. Use

of ultrasound scanning in swine for detection of

pregnancy and some pathological conditions.

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Dalin, A.-M., Nanda, T., Hultën, F. and Einarsson, E. 1995.

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De Rensis, F., Bigliardi, E., Parmigiani, E. and Peter,

A.R. 2000. Early diagnosis of pregnancy in sows

by ultrasound evaluation of embryo development

and uterine echotexture. Vet. Rec. 147: 267-270.

Dorka, A. and Plonait, H. 1995. Results of continuous

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sonography and serum-hormone-analysis. Dtsch.

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Geirsson, R.T. 1997. Ultrasound: the rational way to

determine gestational age. Fet. Mat. Med. Review.

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