Peter Weibel
BEYOND ART: A THIRD CULTURE
a comparative study in cultures art and science in 20th century Austria and Hungary
SpringerWienNewYork
Foreword 4
Prologue 7
rn perception movement
12
[2] symmetrybreaking symmetry
154
[lJ measurement observation
190
[I] ma thema ti cs physics
238
. ",.."."
[SJ
[6]
IIJ .;,~ ." ,. :';.;
·THJ·
cybernetics computer science
computer art
evolution theorysystem theory
game theory
theory of science art theory
psychoanalysisactionism
294
368
418
508
[2J vision deconstruction
546
[Oj visual commun i ca tion
586
Index 602
Lenders 615
Imprint 616
tN'
rn percephon movement
16 Peter We;bel 33,35,38,39 Contours of a History of the Theory and Art 33,34,38,39,48of Perception in Austria
33
33 Peter We;bel 34 The Abstract Ornament 34 and the Quadratic World of the Wiener Werkstätte around 1900
36, 37
41 Bernhard LeHner 36 Viennese Kineticism 37
37,51,6245 tva Bajkay Viennese Kineticism and the Hungarian Avant-Garde 37
39 46 Peter We;bel
38Viennese Kineticism and Hungarian Constructivism
38
57 Peter We;bel 38 On the Origins of Hungarian Constructivism in Vienna:
39MA 1920-25
40, 52
71 tva Bajkay 40,42,62 Hungarians at the Bauhaus
41,52
42
Vision, Motion, Emotion: Moholy-Nagy's Experimental Activity 42 78 Cather;ne Oadd
43 81 LAszl6 f1oholy-Nagy
44, 57Light Requisite for an Electric Stage 45,47
82 Raou 1 Hausmann/ Han s Arp/ Iuan Pun;/ 46,48,49,62LAszl6 f1oholy-Nagy
48, 52A Call for an Elementary Art! 48,49
83 Raoul Hausmann 49,72,73 Optophonetics
50,62,63
84 f1;kI6s PeternAk 50 Light and Sound fram Hungary 50
5187 LAszl6 Alexander
Color Light Music 51
51 89 N;kolaus Braun
52The Concrete Light
52
90 Oskar Ra;ner 53 Musical Graphics 53
54, 72, 74, 7591 f1;kI6s PeternAk Vision in Motion 54, 62, 78-81
55 96 LAszl6 Lengyel
55The Brain of the Scholar, the Eye of the Painter, and the Heart of the Poet: György Kepes 55
Josef Hoffmann
Koloman f10ser
Molf Htllzel
Erns t Sttlhr
Leopold Stolba
Anton Hofer
f1ar;a
Ilse Bernhe;mer
Otto Er;ch Wagner
Fdeddch v.
Adolf Loos
Ludu;g W;ttgenste;n
f1ax Ben;rsehke
Fdtz Zeymer
Uly 6reenham
L ~ Rochouansk;
C;zek Schule
Johanna Re;smayer-Fr;tsche
Paul K;rn;g
6ertrude Neuu;rth
Vall!da O;enes
Trude Fle;schmann
Er;ka 6;ovanna Kl;en
Bl!la UHz
Oskar Oonau
JAnos f1aths-Teutsch
Luz;a Stadlmayer-B;eber
Berzev;czy·Pallav;dni
Irmgard Lang
SAndor Bortny;k
6er trude F; sehe 1
FrHz; Nechansky
6erta Hammerschm;ed
He;nz Re;chenfelser
Hans Hofmann
Sylv;a Penther
Hans PHseh
6ertrude Tomaschek
El;sabeth Karl;nsky
Raou 1 Hau smann
LAszl6 f1oholy-Nagy
Anna Bl!othy-Ste;ner
thenne BI!o thy
Lajos T;hany;
\
~!
14
1
98 Victor Vasarely Optical Kinetics
~r 100 Lajos N~meth
Homage to Nicolas Schöffer
102 Friedrich Kiesler~ini The Vision Machine
104 Nikolaus Schaffer Georg Jung or Almost a Color Religion
112 Walter 6erbino / Riccardo Luccio Biographical Sketch of Gaetano Kanizsa
114 6aetano Kanizsa Subjective Contours
118 Imre P~l
The Role of 3D Images
119 P~ I 6reguss Denes Gabor - The Inventor of Holography
120 11 ona Kov~c s Bela Julesz: Inventor of the Computer Generated Random-Dot Stereograms
122 B~la Julesz Dialogues on Perception
129 P~l 6reguss PALoramic Imaging and Art in View of Information Theory
135 Antal Nemcsics The Coloroid Color System
137 Atti Ia Cs~ j i/ Norber t Kro6 Creating Images with Lasers: a Method for Superpositioning
141 Peter Weibel Viennese Formal Film
149 Peter Weibel Expanded Cinema
153 6ert Pfurtscheller Planning and Imagination of Movements
56, 72, 74, 75, 76
56,62,63,67
71
72
73
74
75
76
86
87,88
89
90
90
96, 97
99
101
104,105
106,148
107
108,109
110
111
113
125,126
127,128
132
133, 134
135, 136
137-139
140
142,145
142,143
143
144, 146, 147
149
149
150
150
152
L~szl6 P~ri
Lajos Kass~k
Hargit T~ry-Adler
6yula Pap
Al fred Forbath
Andor Weininger
Farkas Holn~r
Harcel Breuer
6yIJrgy 6erIJ
L~szl6 Alexander
Nikolaus Braun
Hans Kohn
Franz Urbach
6yIJrgy Kepes
Victor Vasarely
Nikolas SchlJffer
6eorg Jung
Harc Adrian
Helga Philipp
Hermann J. Painitz
Wolfgang Buchner
Hans Florey
6aetano Kanizsa
Alfons Schilling
Hax Peintner
P~l 6reguss
Andr~s Hengy~n
Antal Nemcsics
Attila Cs~ji/Norbert Kro6
Eva T. Bortnyik/Csaba Tub~k
Peter Kubelka
Ferry Radax
Herbert Vesely
Kur t Kren
Hans Scheugl
Erns t Schmidt jr.
Peter Weibel
Valie Export
Hartin Arnold
15
symmetry[2J breaking symmetry
157 Eruin Chargaff A Few Unscientific Thoughts About Symmetry 164 Victor Vasarely
160 Hagdolna and Istv~n Hargittai 167-169 Vera Holn~r
The Concept of Symmetry in Modern Chemical Research
170 Tibor 6ayor 165 Vera und Francois Holn~r
Making and Breaking Symmetry in Visual Art 171 Hi I degard ) oos
179 Szaniszl6 Blrczi 172, 173 S;mon Hantai Changes in Symmetry Caused by Cellular Automata
174,175 Peter TUrk 182 Hichael StOltzner
Symmetry and Natural Laws 176 Wa I ter Obho I zer
187 Otto E. ROssler, Arthur ~ Schmidt, 177 Sab;na HOrtner Peter Weibel The Interface Concept in the History of Physics 178 )~nos Saxon Sz~sz
156
[lJ
193
198
201
208
211
212
218
220
224
224
225
234
measurement observation
l1ikl6s I?Uei John von Neumann - Mathematical Physicist
Alexander Zar tl Taking the Side Roads: Erwin Schrödinger in the 1940s
Erwin Srhradinger Letters to Mihaly Polanyi and Leo SZllard
Harald Atmansparher Wolfgang Pauli - Not Just a Physicist
Walter Thirring Quantum Ergodic Theory
Anton Zeilinger Bell's Theorem, Information, and Quantum Physics
Peter Weibel Endophysics and Art
Otto E. I?assler / Peter Weibel The Two Levels of Reality - "Exo" and "Endo"
Peter Weibel Victor F. Weisskopf - The Exactitude of Quantum Physics
Peter Weibel Eugene P. Wigner - The Philosopher and the Problem of Measurement
Kar I Svozi I Is the World a Machine7
HaraldA Posch Mieroscopic Reversibility and Maeroscopic Irreversibility
221 Gottfried Berhtold
221,222 Peter Weibel
223 I?uth Schnell
228
229,230
231
232
233
G~bor Cs~sz~ri
Mti I a Csarga
J~nos Sug~r
06ra l1aurer
Herllig Turk
[IJ
241
253
255
256
262
263
265
269
270
275
277
282
285
288
291
292
ma thema ti cs physics
6yula Staar Mathematics, the Lighthouse of Hungarian Science
P~ I ErdlJs How 1Became a Mathematician and World Wanderer
ffartin Neuuirther Raoul Bott - The Unconventional Thinker
Wilhelm Frank Modern Logic and Mathematics in and from Vienna
Christa Binder Olga Taussky-Todd - A Mathematician from Austria
6ilbert Helmberg/Karl Sigmund The Nestor of Mathematicians - Leopold Vietoris
Peter Weibel The Mathematical Community in Austria
ffartin Neuuirther Wolfgang M. Schmidt - The Geometer of Numbers
Peter Weibel / Eckehart KlJhler Gödeis Proof of Undecidability
6erszon K~ri/ Tam~s Varga Ernö Rubik's Cube and Its Groups of Rotations
ffichael StlJltzner Gödel on the Relationship Between Mathematics and Physics
6~bor l. Entropy
Sz~ke I y / D~nes Petz
Leo Szilard On the Decrease of Entropy in a Thermodynamic System
Leo Szilard Curriculum Vitae
Albert Einstein Letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt (August 2, 1939) 272 losef Linsehinger
Leo Szilard Memorandum, Attached to Einstein's Letter to the President (August 15, 1939)
273
274
D6ra ffaurer
Peter Weibel
240
296
[3J
297
301
303
304
307
308
315
318
321
329
331
334
338
342
346
350
352
357
cybernetics computer science computer art
Heinz von Foerster Circular Causality
Heinz von Foerster Cybernetics of Cybernetics
Ernst von Glasersfeld Radical Constructivism
GylJzlJ KovAcs The Early History of Cybernetics and Hungary
Peter Weibel John von Neumann
Tiham~r Nemes Cybernetic Machines
Nicolas SchlJffer The Cybernetic City
GylJzlJ KovAcs L3sz16 Kozma
Heinz Zemanek Information Theory and Technology in Austria after 1945
Hermann Haurer How Things Often Repeat Themselves
Axel Pinz Digital Visual Information
Thomas Natschlager Networks of "Spiking" Neurons
Hikl6s PeternAk Hungarian Computer Art
Leslie Hezei
CharIes A Csuri A Technique for Computer Sculpture
John George Kemeny
Peter Weibel The Explosion of the Visual: Machine-aided Perception
Otto Beckmann ars intermedia
•
319,320 Attila KovAcs
341 GAbor BMy
344 Gyula StAva
345 KrisztiAn Frey
348 TamAs Waliczky
348 GusztAv HAmos
349 George Legrady
358,359 Kurt Ingerl
360-362 Richard Kriesche
362 Gottfried Bechtold
363 Rober t Adrian X
364 Public Netbase
365 Kunstlabor
366, 367 knoubotic research
~
371
376
378
382
384
387
389
391
393
395
398
402
404
407
411
416
evolution theory system theory game theory
Franz Pichler The Contribution of Raoul H. France: Biocentric Modeling
Veronika Hofer Ludwig von Bertalanffy
Franz Pichler Searching for Arthur Koestler's Holans
ErnlJ K~llai
The Hidden Face of Nature
Etienne B~othy
The Theory behind the "Golden Series"
Peter /leibel Fritz Hartlauer's Contribution to the Theory of Morphogenesis
Christa Sommerer / Laurent Hignonneau Art as Living System
/lerner Leinfellner Evolutionary Epistemology
I s tv~n Kardos A Television Interview with Albert Szent-Györgyi
L~szl6 Beke The Aesthetics of Chance
/lerner Leinfellner A Short History of Game Theory
Chikako Nakayama The Concept of Equilibrium: John von Neumann and Kar! Menger
Eckehart KlJhler John C. Harsanyi as the Master of Social Theory
/lerner Leinfellner Evolutionary Game Theory
Peter Schuster Molecular Evolution and Game Theory
Karl Sigmund Game Theory and Artificial Life
386 Etienne B~othy
386 Etienne Hajdli
386 Zo I t~n Kem~ny
387 Fritz Hartlauer
395 Tam~s Lossonczy
396 Andr~s /lolsky
397 06ra Haurer
370
Rudolf Haller Poetic Imagination and Economy - Ernst Mach as Scientific Theorist
6ylJrg y Kamp i S Bela Zalai: An Original Hungarian Thinker
506
506
507
500
506
500
501
498
495
497
496
496
494
481
493
483-487
482-485
504, 505
504, 505
504, 505
498,499
489,490
481 , 483-485
481 , 483-485, 488
Peter Weibel Context Theory of Art (1971)
Peter Weibel Constructed Art History
Katharina Scherke Arnold Hauser and the Social History of Art
OSlial d Oberhuber How to Kill Art??!! or Artists without Art!
Nadja Ro ttner Some Portraits of Austrian Art Historians
L~szl6 Ropolyi György Lukacs and the Sunday Circle
Eckehart KlJhler The Circulation of the Concept of Philosophy in the Vienna Circle
Konrad Bayer the vienna group
Peter Weibel Paul K. Feyerabend - The Scientist as an Artist
Elisabeth Leinfellner Wittgenstein and Mauthner - Mauthner and Wittgenstein
6ylJrg y Kampis Arthur Koestler as Philosopher of Science
C. J, Nyfri The Austrian Element in the Philosophy of Science
Friedrich Stadler The Vienna Circle
John Blackmore Mach's Influence on Six Great Hungarian Scientists
PtHer Szegedi The Galilei Circle and the Polanyis
6ylJrgy Kampis Popper's Hungarian Disciple: Imre Lakatos
6ylJrg y Luk~c S
Leo Popper 1886-1911. An Obituary
theory of science art theory
(va KarUi G. Lukacs, K. Mannheim, and the Sunday Circle
473
472
502
497
481
444
491
470
455
478
465
463
468
449
441
456
424
431
421
425
lJJ
420
H. C.
He"inz
L~szl6
Wo I fgang
Richard Kriesehe
Peter Weibel
Valie Export
60ttfried Bechtold
Loys Egg
Oominik Steiger
[ons tanze Ruhm
Bal~zs BelJthy
[saba Nemes
Roland Pereszl~nyi
Rudolf Petrik
Konrad Bayer
6appmayr
OSliald Wiener
OSliald Oberhuber
Erns t
Friedrich Achleitner
6erhard RlJhm
Lakner
Artmann
Andr~s Hal~sz
ErnlJ Tolvaly
6ylJrgy Jov~novics
l1ikl6s Erdely
psychoanalysis[BJ actionism
536 PUer Forg~cs
511 Ferenc Erlls On the History of Hungarian Psychoanalysis 540 6Unter Brus
515 Johannes Reichmayr / Elke MUhlleitner 541 Hermann Nitsch "The Internationaiity of the Unconscious" -Otto Fenichel's Circulars 1934-1945 542 Otto Muehl
521 Peter Weibel 543 Rudolf Schuarzkogler Biographical Sketches of the Psychoanalytical Movement
544 Valie Export 537 Peter Weibel
Vienna Actionism: Direct Art, Body Art, Material Art 545 Tibor Hajas
510
[2J
549
555
559
565
568
570
578
581
583
585
visio n decons trukti on
SJndor Bor tnyi k / Harce I Breuer Farkas HolnJr / Andor Weininger The Demands of the Age
Harcel Breuer Genesis of Design
Uszl6 Beke Deconstruction in Hungary
Dieter Bogner Friedrich Kiesler
Franco Bevilacqua Wenzel Hablik. Architecture Between Utopia and Reality
6unther Feuerstein Visions and Realities. The Austrian Scene in the 1960s and 1970s
Dieter Bogner Coop Himmelb(l)au
Hanfred Wolff-Plottegg Quick and Dirty
Victor Papanek How to Draw a Hexagon
Bernard Rudofsky architecture without architects
551
551, 553, 556
552
553
554
555, 556
557
558
559, 560
560, 561
561
562
562
563
564
565-567
568
569
570
570
571
572
572, 573
573, 579
574
575
575
576
576
576
577
577
580
581, 582
584
Vilmos HuszJr
Farkas HolnJr
AI frr!d ForbJth
Friedrich Kiesler
Andor Weininger
Harcel Breuer
David 6eorges
JJnos Hegyik
6Jbor Bachman
LJszl6 Rajk
Tibor Szalai
Kar1Steiner
Pau I Theodore Frankl
Joseph Urban
Friedrich Kiesler
Wenzel Hablik
Hax Peintner
Walter Pichler
Fritz Wotruba
Hans Hollein
Laurids Ortner
Haus-Rucker-[o
[oop HimmelbllJau
lUnd up
Raimund Abraham
Friedrich St. F10rian
Bernhard Hafner
6unther Domenig
Eilfried Huth
[arl Pruscha
6ernot Nalbach
Otto Beckmann
Hanfred Wolff-Plottegg
Agnes Denes
548
rm visual communication
589 Rolf Sachsse Herbert Bayer or the Universal Designer
591 Angela Jansen What Can Information Graphie Designers Learn from atto Neurath Today? - Isotype and Information Graphies
594 Joseph Binder Graphie Design
595 Ecke Bonk In<=>formation [The Speech of Weimar]
597 Peter Weibel Logo Culture
600 Jeff Bernard Thomas A. Sebeok and the Signs of Life
589, 590 Herbert Bayer
594 Joseph Binder
596 Ecke Bonk
599 Hanfred Erjautz
5/!/!
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