67
20 th Century

20th Century Art Part 1

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: 20th Century Art Part 1

20th Century

Page 2: 20th Century Art Part 1

Imitation vs. Interpretation

• INTERPRETATION - media and technique used to express the artist’s personal interpretation of their idea(s)

• line, shape, form, texture, color and technique are now equal or more important than the image/subject matter. This is the new attitude DURING the MODERN ERA

• IMITATION - media and technique used for MIMETIC purposes: the pursuit of realism

• line, shape, form, texture, color and technique support the image. The image/subject matter is first and foremost. This is the prevailing attitude BEFORE the MODERN ERA

Page 3: 20th Century Art Part 1

a•vänte-gärde´, n. [Fr., lit., advance guard.] the leaders in new or unconventional movements, esp. in the arts; vanguard

avante-garde

Page 4: 20th Century Art Part 1

abstractab´stract, v.t.; abstracted, pt., pp.; abstracting, ppr. [L. abstractus, dragged away, pp. of abstrahere, to draw from or separate.]

1. To draw from, or to separate; as, to abstract a criticism from one’s own bias.

2. To separate (ideas) by the operation of the mind; to think of (a quality) apart from any particular instance or material object that has it.

Page 5: 20th Century Art Part 1

By the end of the 1800’s... • Petroleum

replaces coal

• steel replaces iron

• gasoline powered internal combustion engines

• gas powered automobiles

• gas powered - heavier than air flying machines

• the assembly line

Page 6: 20th Century Art Part 1

By the end of the 1800’s...

the wonders of electricity

• Edison’s light bulb

• Tesla’s electrical transmission system (alternating current)

• Bell’s telephone

• Marconi’s wireless(radio)

Page 7: 20th Century Art Part 1

Edweard MUYBRIDGE

PhotographicStudies of Movement

Palo Alto 1878-79

Page 8: 20th Century Art Part 1

Étienne-Jules MAREY Photographic

Studies of Movement

late 1880’s

Page 9: 20th Century Art Part 1

The rise of the

AVANTE GARDE• INDUSTRIALIZATION and CAPITALISM fuel the growth of urban populations

• TREMENDOUS GROWTH of the MIDDLE CLASS

THE RISE OF:

• MASS PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION

• MASS MEDIA (NEWSPAPERS / MAGAZINES)

• “COMMERCIAL” ART:

(GRAPHIC ARTS - PRINT & PUBLICATION)

• POPULAR ART - POSTERS, POSTCARDS, etc…

• ADVERTISING ART

Page 10: 20th Century Art Part 1

The rise of the

AVANTE GARDE• INDUSTRIALIZATION and CAPITALISM fuel the growth of urban populations

• TREMENDOUS GROWTH of the MIDDLE CLASS

• in PARIS, a growing market for art outstrips the ACADEMY’S ability to supply the demand

THE RISE OF:

• INDEPENDENT ART DEALERS / GALLERIES

• ARTIST ORGANIZED EXHIBITIONS

• THE ART CRITIC

Page 11: 20th Century Art Part 1

IMPRESSIONISM sought to describe the way the eye perceives light

1860’s - 80’s

THE BEGINNINGS of MODERNISM

DEGAS

MONET

RENOIR

Page 12: 20th Century Art Part 1

POST IMPRESSIONISTS (1880’s - early 1900’s)

sought to use color and line to describe their emotional responses to the scene before them

VAN GOGH 1853-1890

CEZANNE 1839-1906

GAUGUIN 1848-1903

THE FOUNDATIONS OF 20th CENTURY PAINTINGBetween 1901-06, several comprehensive van Gogh, Gauguin & Cezanne exhibitions held in Paris and Germany

Page 13: 20th Century Art Part 1

Henri

ROUSSEAU

Sleeping Gypsy 1897

• self taught painter, admired by PICASSOTHE TURN OF THE CENTURY

• a preview of the coming century

Page 14: 20th Century Art Part 1

THE 20th CENTURY

Edvard MUNCH

The Scream

1893

fin de siecle

Page 15: 20th Century Art Part 1

LES FAUVES“THE WILD BEASTS”

1905 PARIS

The beginning of 20th Century EXPRESSIONISM

Page 16: 20th Century Art Part 1

LES FAUVES

Henri MATISSE

THE WILD BEASTS

20th CENTURY EXPRESSIONISM

• leader of this loosely knit group

• experimentation and exploration

Page 17: 20th Century Art Part 1

Andre DERAIN

LES FAUVES - FAUVISM

THE WILD BEASTS

20th CENTURY EXPRESSIONISM

• wild “VIOLENT” colors

• distortion of forms and perspective

Page 18: 20th Century Art Part 1

LES FAUVES - FAUVISM THE WILD

BEASTS

VLAMNICK

20th CENTURY EXPRESSIONISM

Page 19: 20th Century Art Part 1

EXPRESSIONISM• emotional

• unrestrained color

• bold distortions

• takes root in GERMANY

Wassily KANDINSKY

Ernst Ludwig KIRCHNER

• URBAN ANGST

• PURE PAINTING

Page 20: 20th Century Art Part 1

CUBISM

ABSTRACTION

THE 20TH CENTURY

Page 21: 20th Century Art Part 1

Pablo

PICASSO

ABSTRACTION

CUBISM

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

1906

• deconstruction of the notion of beauty

• fractured & redefined pictorial space

• redefined painting: rejects the idea of BEAUTY as the goal of art

THE 20TH CENTURY

Page 22: 20th Century Art Part 1

Pablo PICASSO

Georges BRAQUE

MORE CONCEPTUAL THAN PERCEPTUAL

ANALYTIC CUBISM

• a cerebral interpretation of nature

• an analytical abstraction

ABSTRACTIONTHE 20TH CENTURY

Page 23: 20th Century Art Part 1

Synthetic Cubism

Collage of elements

Picasso

Braque

THE 20TH CENTURY

• abstraction through synthesis of disparate elements

ABSTRACTION

Page 24: 20th Century Art Part 1

CUBISM…an evolution

of a style

Juan GRISRobert DELAUNAY

Sonya DELAUNAY

THE 20TH CENTURY

• widespread influence of CUBISM

• evolves into many variations

• introduction of strong color

ABSTRACTION

Page 25: 20th Century Art Part 1

FUTURISM

ABSTRACTION

THE 20TH CENTURY

Page 26: 20th Century Art Part 1

Marcel DUCHAMPNude Descending a

Staircase

Futurism

- Movement

- Speed

Futurist Manifesto 1909

- Anarchy, Violence

THE 20TH CENTURY ABSTRACTION

Page 27: 20th Century Art Part 1

FUTURISM

Umberto BOCCIONI

• frenzied, frenetic, fractured

• celebrates industrialized urban life

THE 20TH CENTURY ABSTRACTION

• revels in the promise of industry & technology

• incorporates CUBISM

Page 28: 20th Century Art Part 1

Futurism

Ferdinand LEGER

• the new urban WORLD

• industrial UTOPIA

THE 20TH CENTURY

• optimism and faith in a better future through technology

ABSTRACTION

FUTURISM glorifies and celebrates:

Page 29: 20th Century Art Part 1

These Questions will appear on the November 2nd quiz

The Synthetic Cubist artwork expressed abstraction through a combination of different materials and elements. What form or technique was a result of this?

Which one of these elements was not a concern to the Futurist?

What does Les Fauves mean?

Page 30: 20th Century Art Part 1

WORLD WAR I1914 - 1917

THE MACHINE GUNTHE 20TH CENTURY

Page 31: 20th Century Art Part 1

WORLD WAR I • THE GREAT WAR

“The war to end all wars”

…the dreams & promises of an

industrialized UTOPIA are

shattered

…a glimpse of the future

THE 20TH CENTURY

Page 32: 20th Century Art Part 1

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

FRANCE (PARIS), ITALY - DADA, SURREALISM

GERMANY (BERLIN) - GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

RUSSIA - SUPREMATISM, CONSTRUCTIVISM

HOLLAND - DE STIJL (The STYLE)

GERMANY - the BAUHAUS

Page 33: 20th Century Art Part 1

da

daDA

DA

da

AFTER THE GREAT WAR…

Page 34: 20th Century Art Part 1

• DA: YES in RUMANIAN

• the French word for “HOBBY HORSE”

• a child’s first few words

DADA20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

Page 35: 20th Century Art Part 1

dada

Hugo BALL

Dada Poem

1917

MAN RAY

Cadeau (the Gift)

1958 (replica of 1921 original)

Francis Picabia

Portrait of Cezanne

1920

• a subversive movement:

ANTI -EVERYTHING

• attacked the notions held by BOURGEOIS society

• celebrates & elevates absurdity

Page 36: 20th Century Art Part 1

DADA

Raoul HAUSMANN

The Art Critic

1919-20

COLLAGE• favorite of the DADAISTS

• cut outs from mass media: newspapers & magazines

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

Page 37: 20th Century Art Part 1

Marcel DUCHAMP

The Fountain

1917

(aka: R. Mutt)

dada

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

“READYMADES”

...SHOCK, PUZZLE & TEASE

Page 38: 20th Century Art Part 1

dada

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

DUCHAMP’S “READYMADES”

Bicycle wheel 1913

In Advance

of a Broken

Arm 1915

challenges every artistic notion of the value of artistic skill

L.H.O.O.Q. 1919

Page 39: 20th Century Art Part 1

SURREALISM

FANTASY

THE 20TH CENTURY

Page 40: 20th Century Art Part 1

SURREALISM

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

• DADA falls apart

• an outgrowth of DADA

• fantastic landscapes and environments of the mind

Giorgio de CHIRICO

Page 41: 20th Century Art Part 1

Sigmund

FREUD• father of

PSYCHOANALYSIS

• investigations into the SUBCONSCIOUS MIND

Page 42: 20th Century Art Part 1

Rene MAGRITTE

SURREALISM20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

• new visions of the “INTERNAL WORLD”

• dream - like images

• explorations into the UNCONSCIOUS MIND

Page 43: 20th Century Art Part 1

SURREALISM

Salvador DALI20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I• nightmarish

visions

• consummate technician

Page 44: 20th Century Art Part 1

GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

EXPRESSIONISM

THE 20TH CENTURY

Page 45: 20th Century Art Part 1

GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

Ernst Ludwig KIRCHNER

URBAN ANGST

• GERMANY: 1920’s -30’s (between WWI & WWII)

• GERMANY in turmoil

• bankrupt economy

• chaos & anarchy

Page 46: 20th Century Art Part 1

GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

Max

BECKMAN20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

• an angry, cruel world

Page 47: 20th Century Art Part 1

GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

Max BECKMAN

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

• bold colors, crude, angular strokes

• content is pessimistic, chaotic, angry

• crowded, jumbled, confused

Page 48: 20th Century Art Part 1

The Dadaist were famous for what type of art form?

What group explored the unconscious mind?

What art group reacted the the urban angst?

What elements were not a concern to the Futurist?

Page 49: 20th Century Art Part 1

the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

1917

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

Page 50: 20th Century Art Part 1

the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

1917

“BREAD, PEACE and LAND”

The FALL of the LAST MAJOR AUTOCRATIC MONARCHY in EUROPE

THE RISE OF SOCIALISM

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

Page 51: 20th Century Art Part 1

SOCIALISMso cial•ism, n. 1. The theory or system of the ownership and operation of the means of production and distribution by the society or community rather than by private individuals, with all the members of the society or community sharing the work and the products

Page 52: 20th Century Art Part 1

COMMUNISM

com mu•nism, n. (Fr. communisme, from L. communis, common)

1. An economic theory or system of the ownership of all the property by the community of society sharing in the work and the products

Page 53: 20th Century Art Part 1

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

Vladimir Illyich

LENIN

U.S.S.R.

United

Soviet

Socialist

Republic

1917

Page 54: 20th Century Art Part 1

Kasimir MALEVICH

…BEFORE the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

• influenced by CUBISM & FUTURISM

Page 55: 20th Century Art Part 1

SUPREMATISM

ABSTRACTION

THE 20TH CENTURY

Page 56: 20th Century Art Part 1

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

SUPREMATISM

…a new art for the new WORKER’S UTOPIA

• LINE, SHAPE and COLOR distilled to its PURE essence

Kasimir MALEVICH

• rejects all the “OLD” / creation of a NEW AESTHETIC

Page 57: 20th Century Art Part 1

SUPREMATISMMALEVICH

1915

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

RUSSIA

Page 58: 20th Century Art Part 1

CONSTRUCTIVISM

ABSTRACTION

THE 20TH CENTURY

Page 59: 20th Century Art Part 1

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

CONSTRUCTIVISM

• incorporates MALEVICH’S ideas - PROMOTION of SOCIALLIST VALUES

• visual foundation of today’s GRAPHIC DESIGN AESTHETICS

Lazar Markovich LISSITZKY

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

Page 60: 20th Century Art Part 1

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

Alexander

RODCHENKO

Novyi Lef

(Left Front of the Arts) Poster of LENIN:

BREAD, PEACE , LAND

CONSTRUCTIVISM

Page 61: 20th Century Art Part 1

DE STIJL

(the Style)

ABSTRACTION

THE 20TH CENTURY

Page 62: 20th Century Art Part 1

DE STIJLPiet MONDRIAN (The STYLE)

…after WORLD WAR I

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

Page 63: 20th Century Art Part 1

DE STIJL(The STYLE)

Theo van DOESBURG

Piet

MONDRIAN

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

Page 64: 20th Century Art Part 1

BAUHAUSBAUHAUS

1919-193320TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

The ART SCHOOL of MODERNIST RENDS

Page 65: 20th Century Art Part 1

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

THE BAUHAUS

Page 66: 20th Century Art Part 1

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

into WORLD WAR II

1938

Page 67: 20th Century Art Part 1

WORLD WAR II

Guernica, Picasso 1937