2013
NIAB
Annual ActivityReport
Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology
FAISALABAD – PAKISTAN
NIAB
Annual Activity Report
Editors
Dr. Muhammad Hamed DCS/Director
Dr. Khalid Mahmood DCS/Head SSD
Dr. Nighat Sarwar DCS/Head PPD
Dr. Tariq Mahmud Shah PS/Head PBGD
Mr. Mujahid Hussain PS/Head ASD
Mr. Jafar Hussain SS TSD
Mr. Muhammad Imran SA-II
Compiled by
2013
Acronyms and Abbreviations
AARI Ayub Agriculture Research Institute
ALP Agricultural Linkages Program
ASD Animal Sciences Division
AZRI Arid Zone Research Institute
*BC Back Cross , Back Cross , …
BLB Bacterial Leaf Blight
BSRS Bio-saline Research Station
Bt Bacillus thuringiensis
CAYT Chickpea Advance Yield Trial
CCYT Chickpea Cooperative Yield Trial
CLCuV Cotton Leaf Curl Virus
CMS Cytoplasmic Male Sterility
CMV Cucumber Mosaic Virus
DAP Di-Ammonium Phosphate
EC Electrical Conductivity
ETL Economic Threshold Level
*F Filial , Filial ,…
FMD Foot-and-Mouth Disease
GOT Ginning Out Turn
HS Haemorrhagic Septicemia
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
ICARDA International Center for Agricultural
Research in Dry Areas
IKI Iodine-Potassium Iodide
IPM Integrated Pest Management
KSK Kalla Shah Kaku
LSK Low Seeded Kinnow
1,2,… 1 2
1,2,… 1 2
*M Mutant , Mutant ,…
MAP Methyl Acetoxy Progesterone
NCVT National Coordinated Varietal Trial
NIAB Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and
Biology
NIBGE National Institute for Biotechnology
and Genetic Engineering
NM NIAB Mung
NURYTs National Uniform Rice Yield Trials
PAEC Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
PARB Punjab Agricultural Research Board
PARC Pakistan Agricultural Research
Council
PBGD Plant Breeding & Genetics Division
PCCT Provincial Coordinated Cotton Trial
PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
PIEAS Pakistan Institute of Engineering &
Applied Sciences
PPD Plant Protection Division
PRI Pulses Research Institute (AARI)
PSC Punjab Seed Council
PSF Pakistan Science Foundation
RWC Relative Water Content
SPP Single Plant Progenies
SSD Soil Science Division
*Subscript indicates generation number
1,2,… 1 2
C O N T E N T S
I. PLANT BREEDING AND GENETICS DIVISION............................................................................... 1
Cotton ......................................................................................................................................... 1
Rice..............................................................................................................................................2
Chickpea...................................................................................................................................... 3
Mungbean................................................................................................................................... 4
Lentil............................................................................................................................................ 5
Vegetable (Tomato) .................................................................................................................... 6
Marker Assisted Breeding ........................................................................................................... 7
Radiation Safety Services ............................................................................................................ 8
II. PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ................................................................................................... 9
IPM/Biological Control ................................................................................................................ 9
Insect and Food Toxicology....................................................................................................... 11
Plant Virology & Host Plant Resistance .................................................................................... 12
Fungal and Bacterial Diseases................................................................................................... 14
III. SOIL SCIENCE DIVISION ............................................................................................................ 16
Bio-saline Agriculture................................................................................................................ 16
Plant Nutrient Management..................................................................................................... 18
Water Use Efficiency .................................................................................................................20
IV. ANIMAL SCIENCES DIVISION .................................................................................................... 22
V. SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 27
VI. PUBLICATIONS .........................................................................................................................28
VII. APPENDICES............................................................................................................................32
i. Research Projects............................................................................................................... 32
ii. Farmers’ days .....................................................................................................................35
iii. Training Courses and Workshops........................................................................................36
iv. Scientists/Administration ................................................................................................... 38
v. Promotions .........................................................................................................................39
vi. Transfers/Postings .............................................................................................................. 39
vii. Appointments .................................................................................................................... 39
viii. Retirements ....................................................................................................................... 39
ix. Visits of Local/Foreign Delegates.......................................................................................... 40
FO R E W O R D
Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) is widely recognized as a premier institute at
national and international level for introducing new crop varieties and technologies in agriculture
sector since 1972. Its high quality research focusing state of the art infrastructure, modern equipments
and highly qualified scientists signifies its image in all agriculture/research institutions and universities
of the country.
Food security of ever-increasing population is the instrument of self defence and existence of
the country. NIAB has a special focus on such research disciplines as Plant Breeding and
Genetics, Soil Science, Plant Protection and Animal Sciences. The research endeavors of Plant Breeding
and Genetics Division have so far culminated into a total release of 33 crop varieties, 12 of cotton, 3 of
rice, 5 of chickpea, 11 of mungbean and 2 of lentil. During 2013, four crop varieties were approved by
the Punjab Seed Council. Among these two non-Bt, NIAB-KIRAN & NIAB-112 and one Bt, IR-NIAB-824
cotton varieties have good yield potential, fiber characteristics and wider field adaptability. One coarse
rice variety, NIAB-Rice-2013 (RSP-2) has shown the maximum yield potential (100 Mds/acre) among all
other approved varieties with additional characteristics of high tolerance to drought and salinity. Soil
Science Division has been engaged in research to improve saline soils and brackish water for general
cultivation and irrigation purposes, respectively, with different techniques that involve
phytoremediation, enhancement in activity of micro-organisms, formulation of new fertilizers and
integrated approaches. Scientists of Plant Protection Division have focused on environment friendly
methods to control insect pests and diseases. They have established biological control laboratories for
mass production of important parasitoids and general predators that reduce the number of insecticides
in integration with other non-hazardous methods of IPM. Techniques have been initiated and
developed to colonize and acclimatize spiders (in captivity) that are potential arthropod generalize
predators. A number of advance crop germplasm has been screened out against insect pests and
diseases into susceptible, tolerant and resistant categories. Services to different stakeholders of
agriculture and food industries have been provided in analyzing samples for aflatoxins, insecticide
residues, micro and macro nutrients. In Animal Sciences Division emphasis has been given to improve
the health, nutrition and reproduction of animals. Efforts are being made to standardize the laboratory
facilities and accreditation of analysis of drug residues. Experiments have been planned in farm animals
for validation of estrus synchronization protocol (MAP sponges) developed at NIAB that initially have
proven helpful in the improvement of reproduction of livestock (buffalo/goat).
The scientists of NIAB are working as a team for contributing towards building up a positive
capital in the economic development of the country. The teamwork of NIAB scientists and staff
members is appreciable and acknowledged in the completion of the mission and objectives of the
institute and PAEC.
Therefore,
( )Dr. Muhammad HamedDirector
CottonApproval of NIAB-KIRAN, NIAB-112 & IR-NIAB-824
Three new varieties (NIAB-KIRAN, NIAB-112 and IR-NIAB-824)
were approved by the Punjab Seed Council (PSC) in 2013. NIAB-
KIRAN is a high yielding variety possessing fine quality fiber
traits (GOT 40.9%; fineness 4.6µg/inch; length 30.4mm;
strength 28.6g/tex; uniformity index 82.4% and maturity
81.1%). It makes higher counts yarn depicting the lowest value
(7.9) for short fiber index (SFI) in comparison with other
cultivars MNH-886 (11.0), TORZAN (10.1) and IR-3701 (10.5).
NIAB-112 is a high yielding variety possessing tolerance to
CLCuD, heat and enhanced lint potential (39.0%) with fine
quality fiber traits (fineness 4.7µg/inch; length 29mm; strength 33.0g/tex). IR-NIAB-824 is high yielding
Bt variety with gene (Mon-531) and has resistance to American boll worm and tolerance to
CLCuV. It has desirable fiber quality traits (GOT 42.7%; length 28.9mm; fiber fineness 4.9µg/inch;
uniformity index 82.7%; maturity 83% and strength 98.3 TPPSI (Thousand Pounds Per Square Inch)). It
also has a desirable average Bt concentration of 1.651 µg/g of fresh leaf weight.
Cry1Ac
1
Annual Activity Report 2013Plant Breeding and Genetics
I. PLANT BREEDING AND GENETICS DIVISION
A field view of NIAB-KIRAN
A field view of NIAB-112 A field view of IR-NIAB-824
Scientists of Plant Breeding and Genetics Division
Varietal maintenance and pure seed production
Spot examination of candidate Bt variety NIAB Bt-1
Selection of true breeding lines and single plants in segregating generations
Varietal maintenance and pure seed production
Approval of a coarse rice variety NIAB Rice-2013
A total of 1055 kg seed of approved varieties (NIAB-846, NIAB-777, NIAB-852, NIAB-111, NIAB-KIRAN,
NIAB-112 and IR-NIAB-824) was provided to progressive growers and seed distribution agencies.
Spot examination of NIAB Bt-1 was conducted by the PSC Technical Expert Sub-Committee and was
recommended for further pre-approval procedures.
Out of 23 Bt lines, NIAB-1-5 produced the highest seed cotton yield (3869 kg/ha)followed by NIAB-4-61
(3074 kg/ha) as compared to MNH-886 (2818 kg/ha). A number of selections were made in different Bt
generations i.e., F (194), F (53), F (20) and F (140) and in mutated generations (M -M and F /M ).
Seeds of Bt-gene background were collected from F generation of 57 crosses and planted in F
generation for the selection of desirable segregates. To create genetic variation, nineteen crosses were
evaluated in F generation with gene background.
A total of 300 kg pre-basic seed of approved variety NIAB-Irri-9
was provided to the PSC, Sahiwal and other growers.
7 6 5 2 4 8 3 3
1 2
1 Cry1Ac
Rice
Punjab Seed Council approved a high yielding variety of coarse
rice NIAB Rice-2013 (RSP-2). This variety was developed using
Carbon Isotope Discrimination, an excellent indirect tool, to
identify crop plants for mega environments (low, medium and
well water availability areas). It is a drought, salinity and heat
tolerant rice variety. The variety has yield potential of 10000
kg/ha and has shown an average of 6805 kg/ha at farmers' fields.
On saline soils (ECe 13 dS/m) it showed 13% higher yield than
standard variety and can thrive up to soil salinity level of 16
dS/m. This variety is an outcome of the joint efforts of Soil
Science and Plant Breeding and Genetics Divisions.
Basmati mutant EF 1-30-39-04 yielded 3827 kg/ha paddy as
compared to standard Super Basmati (3786 kg/ha) in the
national trials (NURYTs) on country basis. This mutant is short
stature and early maturing (1-2 weeks) as compared to standard
Super Basmati.
Seven mutants of Basmati 370 were evaluated for yield along with standard Super Basmati. Of these,
mutants 201003, 201019 and 201002 produced higher paddy yield (4214, 4210 and 4111 kg/ha,
respectively) as compared to standard (3708 kg/ha). These mutants had comparable plant height with
standard early flowering (94-109 days) than Super Basmati (116 days) and long grains. From
recombinants, 1175 produced higher paddy yield (5007 kg/ha) as compared to Basmati 515 (4082
kg/ha). This recombinant has longer paddy length, two week early flowering and short stature as
compared to Basmati 515.
Evaluation of elite lines in station/national yield trials
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Annual Report 2013ActivityPlant Breeding and Genetics
A field view of NIAB-Irri-9
A field view of NIAB Rice-2013
Sixteen mutants (derivatives of Basmati 370), along with Basmati Pak and standard Super Basmati were
evaluated in different sets for their yield performance and other agronomic traits. The mutants 201022
and 2010110 produced higher paddy yield (5070 and 4097 kg/ha, respectively) as compared to
standard (3401 kg/ha). The mutant 201022 is one week earlier in flowering and at par with standard in
height whereas the mutant 2010110 is at par in flowering with standard and shorter in height. Both the
mutants have long paddy.
Eleven mutants induced in EF 1-20-119-02 were evaluated in two sets of yield trials along with standard
Super Basmati. Of these, four mutants (1110, 1115, 1122 and 1121) produced higher paddy yield (4545,
4403, 4244 and 4220 kg/ha, respectively) as compared to standard (3815 kg/ha). These mutants had
short stature and paddy lengths at par with the standard.
Thirty recombinants from different crosses were evaluated in different sets of yield trials along with
standard Super Basmati. Of these, recombinants 1153, 1151, 1145, 1142 and 1135 produced higher
paddy yield (4922, 4731, 4653, 4239 and 4076 kg/ha, respectively) as compared to standard (3820
kg/ha). These recombinants have long paddy lengths, with flowering time and plant heights at par/or
less as compared to the standard.
Out of six salt tolerant (8-10 dS/m) coarse rice lines, IR84675-58-4-1-B-B was selected based on 5-10%
higher yield and 1-2 week earliness over standard KSK-133. The mutant RD-25-138-1 and three
recombinants (RH-195-22-1, RH-198-13-1 and RH-216-18-2) were selected based on 20% higher yield
over check KSK-133. These lines also showed adaptability to limited water conditions.
Several crosses were attempted between putative coarse rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile (CMS) lines and
inbred lines of coarse and basmati types. Most of the lines showed restorer behavior except IR-9.
Several CMS lines were isolated from rice hybrids (RH-195, RH-198 and RH-216) using IKI (Iodine
potassium iodide) test.
Out of 337 F plants screened for low phytic acid ( ) trait, 65 showed 30-40% improvement in
germination. Line 30 showed 20% better germination over rest of the lines. About 20 molecular markers
were tested for association with low phytate trait in BC F generation.
Several hundred recombinants/mutants developed from different cross combinations made among
different mutants and varieties in different generations (F -F ) and from mutagenized generations (M -
M ) of Basmati 370, Basmati-515, Super Basmati, EF-39 and RD-25 were selected on the basis of
improved plant and yield/grain characteristics. Fifty four mutants of Basmati 370 exhibited tolerance to
bacterial leaf blight disease against the most virulent isolates found in Punjab.
To create variability through induced mutations and hybridization, seeds were collected from fifty four
crosses made among different induced mutants and commercial varieties/accessions, and from M
generations of Basmati 370, Super Basmati, EF-39 and RD-25.
Hybrid seed program
Transfer/molecular characterization of low phytate trait
Selection of true breeding lines and single plants in segregating generations
Varietal maintenance and pure seed production
2
1 2
4 2 4
2
1
Lpa
Xoo
Chickpea
A total of 1250 kg and 254 kg pre-basic seed of approved varieties CM2008 and CM98, respectively, was
produced for supply to the growers/seed corporations.
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Annual Report 2013ActivityPlant Breeding and Genetics
Evaluation of elite mutants/recombinant lines at
station/multilocation yield trials
Varietal maintenance and pure seed production
Evaluation of elite lines in station/national yield trials
Out of 14 desi recombinants, CM156/05 stood first producing
13% higher yield over check, Pb 2008 in the national trials
followed by CH38/04 which scored 2 position producing 10%
higher yield over check. In kabuli trial, mutant CM 770/06 gave
10.6% higher yield over check, Noor 2009 followed by CM-
1528/03 which scored 2 position giving 5.2% higher yield
than check.
Sixteen desi and twelve kabuli lines were tested in advance
yield trial (CAYT). On the average of five locations, three desi lines produced 0.7-2.4% higher yield over
check Bhakkar-2011 and two kabuli lines (CH45/07 and CH51/07) gave 2.8-3.1% higher yield over check
Noor 2009.
Out of 7 desi lines, three gave higher yield over check in irrigated and in Barani conditions in the
cooperative trial (CCYT) conducted at five locations. From seven kabuli lines, CM888/06 gave 5.2%
higher yield over check CM2008 at nine locations under rainfed conditions.
From seventy six desi and fifty kabuli mutants/recombinants evaluated in preliminary trials, ten desi
and fourteen kabuli were selected based on better yield performance.
Out of 55 advance lines in NIAB wilt and blight nurseries, 15 lines were found resistant to wilt followed
by 24 tolerant; 19 lines were found tolerant to blight. Out of 61 lines of ICARDA LITP trial, 4 lines were
found highly resistant to wilt followed by 20 resistant and 9 tolerant lines.
From sixty lines evaluated for drought tolerance under lysimeter and rainfed conditions, thirty five were
selected on the basis of higher yield and physiological indices as compared to checks. These genotypes
showed positive correlation towards yield under adverse drought, temperature and moisture stress.
From these lines, twenty five lines (13 kabuli and 12 desi) evaluated in multilocation trials (PRI, AZRI,
Kallur Kot, Rukh Uttra, Bahawalpur, Fateh Jang, Sahowali and NIAB) under rainfed conditions were
selected for preliminary trials. Out of sixty genotypes studied for physiological parameters (cell
membrane stability, germination, plant height, root length and dry matter) under polyethylene glycol
(PEG), fourteen lines were found tolerant followed by twenty moderately tolerant and 6 were
susceptible. From 53 cross combinations, 47 crosses showed more than 50 % success.
Survey of Thal area during 2012-2013 revealed that the crop was quite better than the previous year
whereas less damage of wilt and root rot diseases was found due to timely seasonal heavy rains. No
blight symptoms were observed in Thal and Pothohar regions.
A total of 239 kg seed of NM 2006 and 781 kg of NM 2011 was
produced for sale to PSC, public/private seed companies and
growers.
From thirteen elite lines evaluated in adaptation trials at NIAB,
PSC Farm, Khanewal, Gram Breeding Research Station, Kallur
Kot and Agronomic Research Station Karor, Layyah, NM 05-1-3
nd
nd
Mungbean
4
Annual Report 2013ActivityPlant Breeding and Genetics
NIAB breeders visiting chickpea lines
NIAB breeders visiting mungbean lines
produced the highest seed yield of 1138 kg/ha (15% higher) followed by 1087 kg/ha (10% higher) from
NMH 252/03 and 1074 kg/ha (9% higher) from NM 3960-88-22 as compared to the standard NM 2011
(992 kg/ha).
A total of 160 and 60 kg pre-basic seed of NIAB Masoor 2002 and NIAB Masoor 2006, respectively, was
produced for sale to different quality seed producing agencies and progressive growers.
In the national trials, NL 9877 produced higher seed yield (1101 kg/ha) as compared to standard Punjab
Masoor 2009 (1093 kg/ha). NLH 061815 produced the highest seed yield of 1023 kg/ha (12% higher) as
compared to Punjab Masoor 2009 (915 kg/ha) and 16% higher than Markaz 2009 (885 kg/ha) in
adaptation trials. In advance yield trial, NLM 09007 and NLH 0331742 produced the highest seed yields
of 2270 kg/ha (49% and 56% higher) and 2180 kg/ha (43% and 50% higher) as compared to Punjab
Masoor 2009 (1528 kg/ha) and Markaz 2009 (1451 kg/ha), respectively. NLM 033835 and NLH 11206
produced the highest seed yield of 1527 kg/ha (37% and 43% higher) and 1616 kg/ha (45% and 52%
higher) as compared to 1115 kg/ha and 1068 kg/ha obtained from Punjab Masoor 2009 and Markaz
2009, respectively, in preliminary trial. In screening nursery, genotypes NLH 12202 and NLH 12197
produced the highest seed yield (2000 and 1970 kg/ha, respectively) as compared to standards Punjab
Masoor 2009 (1542 kg/ha) and Markaz 2009 (1125 kg/ha).
Based on more number of pods and disease resistance, 233 true breeding lines and 981 single plants
were selected from different hybrid/mutated generations. Fifteen high yielding and disease resistant
genotypes were selected from nursery-1. From screening nursery-2, sixty high yielding and disease
resistant lentil genotypes were selected from 230 genotypes. For the creation of genetic variability,
sixteen F hybrids, M and F /M generations were raised, and twelve fresh crosses were attempted.
Among twenty two genotypes evaluated in advance yield trial-I, MH 3153/03 produced the highest
seed yield of 1294 kg/ha (5% higher) as compared with 1233
kg/ha obtained from standard NM-2011. In advance yield trial-
II, MMH 21235/04 produced the highest seed yield of 1318
kg/ha (3% higher) as compared to standard NM-2011 (1280
kg/ha). In preliminary yield trial-I, MMH 15135/04 produced
the highest seed yield of 1464 kg/ha (10% higher) as compared
to 1333 kg/ha of standard NM 2011. From preliminary yield
trial-II, genotype MH 10001 produced the highest seed yield of
1435 kg/ha (4% higher) than the standard NM 2011. Out of
fifteen genotypes evaluated in screening nursery, genotype MH
10002 produced the highest seed yield of 1655 kg/ha (9%
higher) as compared to standard NM 2011 (1526 kg/ha).
Fifty six true breeding mutants/recombinants were selected based on more number and length of pods
and disease resistance. 843 single plants were selected from different hybrid/mutated generations. To
create genetic variability, M generation of three varieties/genotypes was raised.
Selection of true breeding lines and single plants in segregating generations
Varietal maintenance and pure seed production
1
Lentil
Performance of elite genotypes in adaptation/station yield trials
Selection of true breeding lines and single plants in segregating generations
1 1 2 1
5
Annual Report 2013ActivityPlant Breeding and Genetics
NIAB breeders visiting lentil lines
Vegetable (Tomato)
Performance of F hybrids of tomato
Performance of true breeding lines/segregating generations of tomato
1
In multi-location trial, hybrid LB2 x Nagina (for field farming) scored 2
position at Sheikhupura and 3 position at Faisalabad and Multan. The
average yield of this hybrid ranged from 23.4 to 31.5 t/ha as compared
to standard hybrid T-1359 (23.9 to 29.4 t/ha). In micro yield trial,
hybrids Rio-mutant 400 x Peto-86 and B25 x Riogrande produced higher
yields (5.2 and 5.1 kg/plant, respectively) as compared to standard (4.5
kg/plant). From 26 determinate F hybrids, the hybrid Nagina x LB1 had the highest yield (5.4 kg/plant)
over standard hybrids Advanta-1209 and Anas (3.8 kg/plant) followed by LB3 x Nagina (4.8 kg/plant),
LB2 x Nagina (4.6 kg/plant), Nagina x LB4 and Nagina x LB2 (4.5 kg/plant) and LB7 x Nagina (4.4 kg/plant)
while the hybrid Nagina x V3 excelled the standard hybrid Advanta-1209 (4.0 kg/plant) producing 6.0
kg/plant yield and 50% heterosis followed by Nagina x V6 (5.6 kg/plant and 40% heterosis), Nagina x V5
(5.3 kg/plant and 33% heterosis), Nagina x V10 (5.3 kg/plant and 33% heterosis) and Nagina x V1 (5.0
kg/plant and 25% heterosis).
Female x male interaction affixed the highest place by 48% for late
blight and 84% for early blight in crosses made following line x tester
mating. Riogrande, LB2 and LB7 were observed good general
combiners for early blight while Roma and LB3 for late blight. Two high
yielding hybrids Roma x LB3 and Roma x LB4 tolerant to late blight, and
Riogrande x LB2 tolerant to early blight under field conditions were
selected based on their performance, specific combining ability and
commercial heterosis. The SCAR marker clearly differentiated the
tolerant parents (LB3 and LB4) from susceptible genotype Roma and
the hybrid T-1359 for late blight gene Ph-3 and in hybrids Roma x LB4 and Roma x LB3. Several F hybrids
(TMS1 x Naqeeb, TMS1 x MM, TMS1 x B23, TMS1 x B25 and TMS1 x Peto-86) showed better tolerance to
CMV as compared to standard hybrids T-1359 and Salar.
Out of 30 advanced lines, AL-6 showed 37% increase in yield (4.1 kg/plant) followed by AL-1 (3.9
kg/plant), AL-7 (3.6 kg/plant) and NT-3 (3.5 kg/plant). Out of 51 exotic lines, 13 lines gave 4.3 to 7.4
kg/plant yield compared to standard Naqeeb (3.1 kg/plant). Several mutants/recombinants were
selected in different generations (3 in F /M and 41 in F /M , 13 determinate and 16 indeterminate
growth habit in F /M , 19 indeterminate in F /M , 14 determinate and 22 indeterminate in F ) based on
their higher yield potential. 309 determinate mutants possessing higher yield and other plant traits
were selected in M populations of variety B25.
Of 35, 5 pure lines (NT-2, Nagina, NT-18, NT-5 and LB3) showed tolerance to heat based on physiological
indices. AL-8 showed tolerance to heat with cell membrane thermo-stability index of 58.8 followed by
Pakit (43.5), AL-3 (33.6) and NT-18 (30.8).
Moreover, 45 male sterile lines carrying functional male sterile gene ( ) were selected in F
generation.
Two hundred and eight crosses were attempted to produce new recombinants for higher yield,
extended shelf life, and tolerance to heat, blight and cucumber mosaic virus. Of 550 lines/hybrids, 60
were selected for tolerance to early and late blight, and shoestring disease. A new male line 'MST1' with
nd
rd
1
1
6 6 5 5
4 4 3 3 2
2
5ps-2
6
Annual Report 2013ActivityPlant Breeding and Genetics
Tomato hybrid (LB-2xNagina)
Male Sterile Tomato – 1
Sporogenous
Neocosmospora vasinfecta
Fusarium oxysporum F. solani F. nygamai
sterility was identified. This line is completely sterile with stable gene action, easy to
maintain and crossable under local conditions.
The low seeded kinnow (LSK) plants treated with 50mg/l GA
showed the lowest fruit drop (11%) as compared to control (49%).
Under this treatment, the maximum fruit weight (174g), volume
(186ml), diameter (74mm), length (60mm), TSS (11%), and
TSS/Acidity (16%) were noted as compared to control (151g,
162ml, 71mm, 58mm, 11% and 11%, respectively).
The plants treated with foliar spray of 1.5% CaCl + 0.6mM SA +
30ppm NAA + 30ppm GA produced maximum fruit weight
(170g), fruit volume (181ml), fruit diameter (74), fruit length (62mm), juice (56%), TSS (12%), and
TSS/Acidity (13%) as compared to control (123g, 136 ml, 65 mm, 54 mm, 55%, 11%, and 12%,
respectively).
Plants with high bearing fruit and excellent vigour with low seed number (0-3 seeds) were grafted to
develop new elite lines/clones. LSK plants were multiplied by grafting 1500 rough lemon rootstock
plants in the current season with 78% success rate.
Two recombinants (EF-11 x OS-6 and IR-56 x WAB-56-104)
performed well under water stress producing 39% and 53%,
respectively, higher yield than parents. EF-11 x OS-6 showed
maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) ( 0.83) as compared
to control (<0.80).
Seven isolates of (wilt causing
pathogen), collected from Thal area, were characterized using
molecular markers (URP and RAPD) and conventional techniques.
Pathogenicity test distinguished them into highly aggressive (1), aggressive (5) and least aggressive (1)
with low genetic diversity among these isolates showing free flow of genetic material in these areas.
Sequencing and restriction enzyme pattern of twenty nine fungal isolates, collected from diseased
samples in Thal and Thar areas, has distinguished the isolates into four categories forming wilt complex
mainly of , & .
Phytohormone-mediated improvements in kinnow mandarin ( Blanco) for better
yield and quality
Evaluation of rice for water stress tolerance
Evaluation of bacterial metabolites in rice
Characterization of fungal pathogens in chickpea
Citrus reticulata
3
2
3
Marker Assisted Breeding
≥
Basmati 370 produced 39% higher yield when inoculated with
bacterial strain while genotype WAB-56-104-
M-I, inoculated with and ,
produced higher yields (17% and 25%, respectively) as compared
to control.
Serratia marcescens
Pseudomonas aurantiaca S. marcescens
7
Annual Report 2013ActivityPlant Breeding and Genetics
Water stress tolerantrice hybrids
SCAR marker profiles ofparents and F hybrids1
High bearing Kinnow mutant
Characterization of tomato hybrids
Fingerprinting of mungbean and mashbean recombinants
Fingerprinting of NIAB LSK mutants
Different markers including RAPDs (10), SCAR (01), EST-SSR (01) and
SSR (46) were applied to F hybrids along with parents for
confirmation of late blight resistance gene (Ph-3) in the parents and
its transfer to the hybrids. The SCAR marker differentiated the
tolerant parents (LB3 and LB4) from the susceptible Roma and T-
1359. The SCAR marker confirmed the transfer and presence of late
blight resistance gene Ph-3 in two hybrids (Roma x LB4 and Roma x
LB3).
For confirmation of the introgression of mashbean genome into
mungbean background, 16 out of 36 recombinants (mungbean x
mashbean) were selected with one or more male parent specific
marker using RAPD, URPs and SSR markers for further evaluation.
Using URP primers, three out of eight primers differentiated the
NIAB LSK mutant from six other genotypes collected from different
citrus growing areas.
A total of 2050 samples were irradiated with different doses to create color variations in the ornamental
plants. The total suspended solids, pH and EC decreased whereas dissolved oxygen increased at 40-50
KGy gamma doses in waste water samples collected from textile industries. Poly vinyl alcohol aided
methyl red and methyl blue dye films were tested at different doses for color change and found to be the
best indicator of 100-200 KGy. The shelf life of ginger extended up to 60 days with irradiation at ambient
temperature. Low radioactivity isotopes ( C, P and I) from NIAB/NIBGE were treated for disposal
according to the IAEA protocol. The exposure files of NIAB/NIBGE irradiation workers were maintained
and radiation absorbed dose ranged 0.50-0.25 msv/year. For export purposes, twenty four radiation
certificates were issued to various national companies.
1
Radiation Safety Services
14 32 125
Mungbean and mashbean parentsand recombinants using URP-33
primer. Lane:1-3 mungbean parents,Lane:4-6 mashbean parents, Lane:7-
21 recombinants, M: DNA ladderiVDye 50bp (GenDEPOT)
URP-33 marker: Lane 1-5 NIABmutant, 6-Gojra, 7-Toba, 8-9
Samundri, 10-Sargodha, 11-Sillanwali,M: Marker
8
Annual Report 2013ActivityPlant Breeding and Genetics
IPM/Biological Control
Rearing of predatory ladybird beetles
i) Preference of live and frozen aphids for mass rearing of
ii) Predation upon mealybugs
Comparison of different larval diets for rearing of Indian meal moth,
Coccinella septempunctata
Plodia interpunctella
Suitability of live and frozen rose ( ) and mustard ( ) aphids was
checked to rear seven spotted ladybird beetle, when fed as normal or kept starved.
Results showed that beetle consumed more aphids of both species during 1 hour under starved and
unstarved conditions. However, it showed preference of frozen (6.2) over live aphids (2.4) under
starved conditions. Similar feeding preferences were shown by starved beetles when fed live or frozen
rose aphids.
Predation of ladybird beetles upon different developmental stages of mealybugs was studied under
starved or unstarved conditions. During the first hour of feeding, crawlers (1 instar) were preferred
over 2 and 3 instar mealybugs. Average consumption of starved beetle for mealybugs crawlers was
more (25.6) than unstarved (16.8).
Survey, collection and identification of different spider species in the vicinity of NIAB showed that most
of the specimens belong to family Araneidae that include , ,
, and . Six artificial diets were tested to rear . Results
showed that spiderlings survived upto 15-20 days but could not complete their development.
Suitability of larval diets for rearing of was studied. Reproductive period of adults was
prolonged (10.8 days) and fecundity increased (125 eggs/female) on maize mediated diet. However,
developmental period from egg to adult was longer (34.9 days) on oat mediated diet.
Macrosiphum rosae Lipaphis erysimi
C. septempunctata
Argiope bruennichi Araneus alsine Araneus
diadernatus Neoscona crucifera N. theisi N. theisi
P. interpunctella
st
st
nd rd
aphids
Rearing of predatory spiders
9
Annual Report 2013ActivityPlant Protection
II. PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION
Scientists of Plant Protection Division
Effect of low doses of irradiation on the reproductive parameters of Indian meal moth
Development of brinjal fruit borer,
Effect of low doses of irradiation on the reproductive parameters of showed thatfertility of adults was adversely affected as the irradiation dose increased from 5 to 15Gy. The number ofeggs per female at 5Gy (27) was more than 15Gy (13) and control (66).
Developmental parameters of brinjal fruit borer showed that its hatching period varied from 4 to 8 days.Larval and pupal duration ranged between 10-12 and 8-13 days, respectively. Total developmentalperiod ranged from 22 to 33 days. The longevity of males was shorter (3-5 days) than female (7-8 days)whereas, fecundity was 65 to 103 eggs per female.
P. interpunctella
Leucinodes orbonalis
Biological control based IPM in vegetables
i) Cauliflower
ii) Tomato
iii) Okra
IPM of fruit-flies
i) Host preference and offspring performance of parasitoid on fruit-fly
ii) Effect of neem ( ) oil on fruit-fly and its pupal parasitoid
IPM of mosquitoes
i) Population dynamics and biology of dengue vector Skuse and food preferences byBalb/C Albino mouse
The average infestation of in cauliflower ranged from 0.2 to 1 larva/plant (below ETL)during the month of December. In February, 4 releases of were made tomaintain the parasitoid population and to keep pest population below ETL. Fungicide ridomil wasapplied to combat the attack of fungus.
Average weekly population of aphid in tomato was 10.4/leaf (untreated control) as compared to4.3/leaf in treated plot (integration of 3 sprays of insecticide). Average fruit borer larval population was1.25/plant (untreated control) and 0.66 larvae/plant in treated plot (8 releases of andintegration of 3 insecticides). Comparatively high yield of tomato fruit was received by integration of 3sprays with bio-control agents than in untreated plots.
Weekly releases of bio-control agents ( ) were made to control fruit borers (and ) in Sabz Paree okra field. Infestation of was 0.6 to 5.3% and0.1 to 5.0% (below ETLs) during May-June. The highest population of jassid (25/leaf) was
recorded and managed by applying 3 consecutive insecticide sprays as compared to farmer practice(13-15 insecticide sprays).
For enhancing rearing of parasitoid (Silvestri) host preference and offspringperformance of its adults on various ages pupae of fruit-flies (Saunders) and
(Coquillett) were examined. The oviposition and offspring performance wereincreased by exposure of adult parasitoid to younger pupae (3 to 6 days old) ofdue to greater host size to obtain higher nutrition for successive growth of natural enemy as comparedwith pupae of .
Studies were carried out to assess the performance of botanical pesticide Neem oil at concentrations of0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% on pupae of as well as parasitism of treated pupae by adults of thepupae parasitoid . The emergence rates of adult flies and parasitoids were significantlydecreased at 2.0% neem oil.
Population of secondary dengue vector was noted heterogeneous throughout the yearand reached maximum in post monsoon season during October. Developmental period from egg layingto adult emergence was 13 days, and lifespan of male and female adults was 25 & 30 days, respectively.Food preference studies on Balb/C albino mouse used to culture mosquitoes for blood meal showed anenhanced feeding choice for rice grain over wheat or maize and had a reduced preference for gram.
Spodoptera lituraTrichogramma chilonis
T. chilonis
T. chilonis Helicoverpaarmigera Earias insulana H. armigera E.insulana
Dirhinus giffardiiBactrocera zonata
Bactrocera cucurbitaeD. giffardii B. cucurbitae
B. zonata
B. zonataD. giffardii
A. albopictus
Azadirachta indica
Aedes albopictus
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Annual Activity Report 2013Plant Protection
ii) Control of dengue vector mosquito,
Identification of resistance to insect pests in cotton genotypes
Effect of different safer chemicals against complex of cotton insect pests
Aflatoxins in chili and its detoxification using chemical methods
Bioassay against lepidopterous pests
Laboratory screening of safe insecticides
Field screening of insecticides
Aedes aegypti
Relative potency of pyrethroid insecticides to mosquito (L.) was determined underlaboratory conditions. Lambda-Cyhalothrin 2.5% EC proved significantly superior as a larvicide andadulticide than Cypermethrin 10% EC. Phytochemical studies showed that neem had significantlyhigher efficacy than oil against .
In NCVT of cotton (3 entries), genotype A-2 was found tolerant to sucking and chewing insect pests. Insecond trial (24 entries), genotypes B-15 & B-24 were observed tolerant to whitefly and jassid,respectively, and 15 genotypes tolerant to bollworms. In PCCT of Bt cotton (26 genotypes), PC-8 wasfound tolerant to whitefly and jassid, and 18 genotypes were resolved tolerant to bollworm pests. Fornon-Bt cotton germplasm (4 genotypes), genotypes V-4 & V-1 were found resistant to whitefly, whereasV-1 emerged tolerant to jassid, and V-3 resistant to bollworms. Screening of 11 cotton germplasm fromAARI revealed that genotypes 6072 & 7037 were resistant to whitefly and jassid, respectively, while 8appeared most tolerant and 3 most susceptible to bollworm damage.
Effect of different safer chemicals to induce resistance in host plant against insect pests complex wasrecorded in cotton comprising NIAB-846, NIAB-777 and NIAB-852 varieties. It was inferred that salicylicacid significantly reduced pests incidence by giving more mortality than cupric chloride, mango extract& check.
HPLC analysis of Chili samples (n=24) showed high concentrations of AFB ranging from 31 to 69 µg/kg.Stability of citric acid was evaluated at 18 ± 2 (ambient) and 30 C. It was found very stable whenanalyzed with HPLC. The retention time of citric acid was 2.30 ± 0.01min. Different concentrations (0.1,0.2 and 0.3%) of citric acid were used for the reduction of aflatoxins from chili powder; 0.3% citric acidremoved maximum aflatoxins.
Propionic acid was also used in different concentrations; 0.1% solution is effective to detoxify theaflatoxins in chili. A combination of citric acid (0.3%) and propionic acid (0.1%) was very effective andthe level of aflatoxins reduced by 95%.
Leaf dip method (insecticide treated) was used to test 10 different insecticides against larvae ofand On flubendiamide, rynaxypyr, chlorfenapyr, spinetoram, lufenuron,methoxyfenozide gave 80-98% mortality as compared to indoxacarb, spinosad, bifenthrin, andlambdacyhalothrin (58-64% mortality). Against , Flubendiamide, rynaxypyr, chlorfenapyrand spinetoram gave 89-95% mortality when compared to emamecttin (76%), indoxacarb (72%),spinosad (68%), bifenthrin (65%), lambdacyhalothrin (66%) and cypermethrin (53%).
Six insecticides were tested by exposing larvae on leaves treated with insecticidesalong with its food eggs. All insecticides gave mortality from 51 to 74%.Spinosad was least toxic with 44% mortality. On parasitoid, insecticides in pyrethroid groupgave high insect mortality (upto 72%) than spinosad, chlorfenapyre and spinetoram (40-55%). Against
chlorpyrifos, profenofos, cypermethrin, lambdacyhalothrin and bifenthrin insecticides weremore toxic (60-90% kill) than spinosad, spinetoram and indoxacarb (42-55% kill) followed byflubendiamide, lufenuron and methoxyfenozide (25-40% kill).
Fourteen insecticides were tested for sucking insects (thrips, mites, whitefly, jassids, red bug, dusky bugand mealybugs) and 4 insecticides were evaluated against lepidopterous pests (armyworm, American,spotted and pink bollworms). Flubendiamide, chlorfenapyre, rynaxypyr, spinetoram, lufenuran,
Aedes aegypti
Eucalyptus globolus A. aegypti
S. lituraH. armigera. S. litura,
H. armigera
Chrysoperla carneaSitotroga cereallela C. carnea
AenasiusT.
chilonis,
Insect and Food Toxicology
1o
11
Annual Report 2013ActivityPlant Protection
methoxyfenazid, flufenoxuran and emamectin benzoate were highly effective (>75% kill) againstarmyworm and American bollworm larvae as compared to spinosad, indoxacarb, deltamethrin,cypermethrin and cyhalothrin (around 50% kill). Chlorfenapyre, nitenpyram, spirotetramate andspiromesifen were very effective (>80% kill) against thrips, jassids, whitefly and mites, respectively, ascompared to acetamiprid and imidacloprid (40-50% kill). Buprofezin and pyriproxyfen were relativelybetter (72 and 78% kill) in controlling whitefly.
Occurrence of insect pests and yield performance of non-Bt and Bt cotton varieties sown on differentdates was recorded. Sucking insects like thrips, whitefly, jassids appeared in early to mid June and cropplanted in mid May was found badly damaged than crops sown earlier that were established to resistsucking insect pests. However, mite was found more in early sown crop than mid May crop. In case ofbollworms, early sown crops were affected more severely by lepidopterans particularly and
. Despite a greater damage by lepidopterans, early sown crop gave better crop growth andhigher seed cotton harvest as compared to mid May sown crop. However rains in monsoon season(July-September) damaged lint of semi to full-opened bolls in early sown cotton than mid May.
Bt and non-Bt lines had no difference in attack of sucking insect pests as whitefly, thrips and mites wereobserved below ETL (5, 10 and 15 insects, respectively) while population of jassids, red and duskycotton bug was dominant and higher. All Bt cotton lines were more toxic to give high mortality (80 to100%) to 1 and 2 instar larvae of two bollworms, spp. and spp. when compared tonon-Bt varieties. Bt toxin did not provide better control for armyworm and pink bollworm in Bt cotton.Larvae were found alive in Bt cotton bolls when evaluated in months of November and December ascompared to August, September and October. Red cotton bug (stainer) was found relatively less innumbers (12 insects/plant) as compared to 33.5 insects/plant in previous year while dusky cotton bugwas found higher (73 insects/plant) than 65 insects/plant in previous year. Damage was also noted inplots where insecticides were sprayed to control this pest. Reason was pest's mode of feeding as largenumber of insects (19 insects/boll) were recorded to feed deep inside a semi cracked boll and foliarapplications were less effective to kill insect pest inside these bolls.
Two hundred fifty Bt & non-Bt cotton genotypes were assessed for cotton leaf curl Burewala virus(CLCuBuV) resistance following natural transmission by whiteflies in the field. Two candidate lines NIAB-112 & NIAB-Kiran, recently approved by Punjab Seed Council, were found resistant to CLCuBV in field &tolerant through grafting in glasshouse.
Response of more than 550 tomato genotypes and hybrids was determined against tomato early blight,late blight and shoestring disease. Seventeen genotypes and three hybrids were resistant/tolerant toearly blight; 20 genotypes and 7 hybrids were resistant/tolerant to late blight and 7 genotypes and 6hybrids were found resistant/tolerant to shoestring disease.
Of 560 chickpea genotypes tested, candidate genotypes viz., CH-23/00, CH38/04, CM1528/03 &CC121/00 were found resistant to viruses & phytoplasma in field. However, twenty genotypes wereinfected with viruses and 400 with phytoplasma. Out of 55 advance lines of NIAB, 15 were foundresistant and 24 tolerant to wilt disease, while 19 were tolerant to blight.
More than 464 mungbean genotypes were evaluated in field against yellow mosaic virus and phyllodydisease. NIAB candidate line NM-9 was found resistant against both diseases.
Effect of planting dates on insect pests and yield of cotton crop
Monitoring of insect pests on Bt and non-Bt varieties
Cotton
Tomato
Chickpea
Mungbean
SpodopteraPectinophora
Earias Helicoverpa
Ascochyta
st nd
Plant Virology & Host Plant Resistance
12
Annual Report 2013ActivityPlant Protection
Lentil
New disease reports
Flax phyllody
China rose ( ): a new natural hostof in Pakistan
Of 50 lentil genotypes evaluated in field, 33 were resistant to wilt and 41 to different viruses.
A new fungus having thepotential use as myco-herbicide was first timeidentified from Itsit, .
Phyllody disease on flax was recorded first time inPakistan and experiments were performed to studytheir symptomatology, etiology and transmission.
Fusarium
Gibbago trianthemae
Trianthema portulacastrum
Hibiscus rosa-sinensiscotton leaf curl Burewala virus
China rose plants with severe vein thickening/greening, leaf curling, and enations on the lower leafsurface were found near cotton fields at NIAB,Faisalabad. Involved virus was identified as an isolate ofCLCuBuV. This is the first report of CLCuBuV and itscognate betasatellite in infected China rose.
Seeds of chickpea advance line CH 23 and variety CM 2008 were treated with aqueous leaf extracts (10and 5%) of mango, moringa, cockscomb, calotropis and chemicals salicylic acid (1mM) and K HPO(50mM) and sown in wilt sick field and blight nursery, respectively. Maximum reduction(50%) in wilt disease was observed with salicylic acid, followed by higher concentration of moringa(48%) and mango (47%) plant extracts. Grain yield was 59 and 55% higher in moringa and mangotreated plants, respectively, as compared to the control ones. Maximum reduction (20%) in blightdisease was observed with mango plant extract. Highest grain yield was observed in 5% calotropistreated plants under blight disease condition, while almost 100% higher chickpea yield was observed inplants treated with mango leaf extract than the control ones.
Induced systemic resistance was recorded in tomato against shoestring disease caused by cucumbermosaic virus and in mungbean against mungbean yellow mosaic disease via seedling/seed treatmentfollowed by weekly spray application of salicylic acid.
A PDR based construct of Rep was developed. Multiple sequence alignment of Rep with N-terminus 390 nucleotide sequence of Rep of nine begomoviruses, involved in CLCuD (CLCuBuV,CLCuKoV, CLCuMuV, CLCuRaV, CLCuShV,CLCuAlV, CLCuGeV, ToLCBaV andPaLCuV) showed that Rep cancontrol virus induced gene silencingissue. Transient expression of Represulted in 65% resistance againstCLCuKoV and its associated cotton leafcurl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB). Itdetermined that Rep may be used toc o n t r o l c o t t o n - i n f e c t i n gbegomoviruses. Details in Fig A to Eindicate:
Induction of resistance in chickpea againstwilt and blight by plant extracts and safechemicals
Induced systemic resistance in tomato and mungbean
Pathogen-derived resistance (PDR) against cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD)
FusariumAscochyta
2 4
syn130 syn130
syn130
syn130
syn130
Ascochyta
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Annual Report 2013ActivityPlant Protection
Leaf blight on Itsit and conidia of G. trianthemae
Healthy and phylloid flax flower
Plants/markers A to E showing inoculations/symptoms
A B C
D E1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Pathodiversity of pv ( )Xanthomonas oryzae . oryzae Xoo
Pathodiversity of 30 isolates was tested on the basis of their disease reaction on a set of ten ricedifferentials by artificial inoculation under field conditions andcategorized into pathotypes which were already identified andreported.
Assessment of rice germplasm
Evaluation of wheat germplasm against yellow and leaf rust
Rice germplasm developed by NIAB, Rice Research Institute (RRI)Kala Shah Kaku and Emkay Farms Farooqabad was screened againstBLB. Of 55 mutants (M-7) of NIAB, 4 were resistant, 33 moderatelyresistant and rest were susceptible. Among 600 entries/varieties/selected plants of RRI, 278 were found resistant, 186 moderatelyresistant and rest were susceptible. Among huge population ofEmkay farm breeding material, MKF-7 was found highly resistant.MKF-1, 2, 4, 5 and twelve Test Cross F-1 Hybrids were resistantwhile OP-8, OP-15 and IR-6 were moderately resistant. Rest werefound susceptible.
Ninety two wheat advance lines including mutants and commercialvarieties were evaluated in disease screening nursery under highinoculum pressure for field resistance against leaf and stripe rust.Out of 92 wheat lines, 44 lines were immune, 30 resistant, 12moderately resistant, 4 moderately susceptible and 2 lines, NIBGEF-6-1 and NN-45, were found susceptible against leaf rust. In case of
(A)Control plants inoculated with infectious clones of CLCuKoV/CLCuMuB (B) Non-inoculated healthy(C) Plants co-inoculated with infectious clones of CLCuKoV/ CLCuMuB +pRep (D)
Southern blot showing CLCuKoV-DNA inhibition by Rep along with CLCuKoV and CLCuMuB. (E)Southern blot showing CLCuMuB-DNA inhibition. Lane 1 and 20 are positive control plants showinghigher level of CLCuKoV-DNA. Lane 2 and 19 are negative control. Lanes 3-18 are showing level ofCLCuKoV-DNA in plants co-inoculated with CLCuKoV/CLCuMuB and pRep .
Basic facilities for mushroom cultivation were established.Conditions for preparing spawn of oyster mushroom havebeen standardized. Mushrooms were successfully grown anddistributed among NIAB employees for organolepticevaluation. Evaluation results indicated that majority of thepeople liked mushrooms very much and wanted to increase itsproduction.
During the survey in 2013, Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) wasobserved in all rice growing areas of Northern and Central Punjabwhile its incidence was low in Central Punjab. Maximum disease(90-100%) was observed in Gujranwala, Sheikhupura andHafizabad districts. Brown spot incidence was 90% in Hafizabadand Nankana while 100% in Gujranwala, Chiniot, Sheikhupuraand Okara. Sheath blight, Sheath rot, Blast and Graindiscoloration diseases were also observed with increasing trends.Diseased samples were collected from all visited sites for furtherstudies and their management.
N. benthamiana
N. benthamiana
syn130
syn130
syn130
Studies on Oyster mushrooms
Monitoring of rice diseases in rice growing areas of Punjab
Fungal and Bacterial Diseases
14
Annual Report 2013ActivityPlant Protection
Oyster spawn on wheat grains
Rice crop infected with BLB
Inoculation of rice germplasm
Rice differentials
stripe rust, 54 wheat lines were immune, 15 resistant, 5 moderately resistant, 11 moderatelysusceptible and 7 were susceptible. NIBGE F-4-6, 10-C, NW-1-35, NW-7-5, NN-45, 11-C and NW-7-19were found susceptible against yellow rust.
Annual Report 2013ActivityPlant Protection
15
Leaf RustYellow Rust
Bio-saline AgricultureAt Pakka Anna Bio-saline Research Station (BSRS), 50 acres of degraded land were cleared of thornyshrubs, leveled and brought under cultivation. Existing plantation (250 acres) was managed.
was planted on 08 acres. Wheat and barley were grown on 60 acres with crop productionranging from 1300-2200 kg/ha at salinity level of 10-18 dS/m. Similarly, salt tolerant forages/grasseswere grown on 35 acres to meet feed requirements of the goat/sheep herd being reared at the station.The farm products, mainly fuel wood and wheat grain, were sold to generate income of about Rs. 1.37million. The station also provided facilities to scientists from NIAB, NIBGE and AARI Faisalabad for fieldexperiments.
Worthy Chairman PAEC along with other dignitaries visited BSRS, Pakka Anna on February 03, 2013. Abriefing was given on R&D activities being performed at the station. The chairman showed hissatisfaction about the ongoing developmental work and appreciated the efforts. Other visits includeddelegates from IAEA, researchers from various R&D institutes, and participants of training courses heldat NIAB.
Performance of tree-based alley cropping systems, involving woody perennials ( and) and understorey non-woody components (wheat, para grass), was
evaluated on saline land applied with a variety of amendments and irrigated with brackish groundwater at Pakka Anna. Grain yield of wheat (2682 and 2324kg/ha) was recorded in case of andbased systems, respectively, with application of farmmanure @ 20 ton and nitrogen fertilizer @ 60 kg/hacompared to control (no amendments), grain production1441 and 1227 kg/ha. In case of tree-based para grassproduction systems, fresh biomass of para grass, i.e. 58.5and 38.4 ton/ha was recorded in case of and
based systems, respectively, with applicationof gypsum @ GR 100% and farm manure @ 10 ton/ha; incontrol (no amendments), fresh biomass of 25.1 and 20.6ton/ha was recorded. Appreciable improvement in soilproperties in all the systems was observed regarding pH,electrical conductivity and SAR. Thus, tree-based alleycropping systems with integrated use of organic and
Acaciaampliceps
Acacia niloticaEucalyptus camaldulensis
Acacia- Eucalyptus-
Acacia-Eucalyptus-
Agro-forestry on saline land at Pakka Anna
16
Annual Report 2013ActivitySoil Science
III. SOIL SCIENCE DIVISION
Scientists of Soil Science Division
Chairman, Ex-chairman PAEC and ScientistEmeritus visiting BSRS Pakka Anna
inorganic amendments may enhance biomassproductivity and improve the soil conditions.
The soil/water amendments, i.e. gypsum applied on100% water-gypsum requirement (WGR) basis, farmyardmanure (FYM) @ 10 t/ha applied at sowing, and H SO(100% RSC reduced of brackish water) applied withirrigations (EC 6.2 dS/m and RSC 20 meq/L) were effectivein improving wheat grain yield on salt-affected soils(sandy loam, pH 8.2-8.8, ECe 10-20 dS/m, SAR 24-48) atPakka Anna. The highest grain yield was obtained in H SOtreated plots (2952 kg/ha) followed by FYM (2678 kg/ha)and WGR (2655 kg/ha). Soil/water amendments werealso effective in improving soil properties.
Soil/water amendments improve wheat growth onsaline soil
NPK management in wheat on saline soil
2 4
2 4
Application of NP or NPK to wheat genotypes producedsignificantly higher grain yield on a salt-affected soil(sandy loam, pH 7.9-8.2, EC 7.7-10.8 dS/m) at PakkaAnna. The highest grain yield was obtained by theapplication of NPK @ 100-50-100 kg/ha,followed by 100-50-75 kg/hawhich was statistically similar to that for NPK100-50-50 kg/ha treatment. The lower rate of K, 50 kg/haalong with NP @ 100-50 kg/ha produced up to 54% higher yield than that of NP alone applied on thesame rates. Genotype S-24 produced maximum yield followed by Lasani-2008, Faisalabad-2008 andSehar-2006.
Twenty advanced lines of cotton and 60 of chickpea were screened for drought tolerance. Three cottonlines and 28 chickpea lines maintaining high cell membrane stability, nitrate reductase activity, prolineand betaine, having drought tolerance potential were identified. Positive correlations betweenphysiological indices and drought tolerance proved their significance as selection tools. The selectedlines were handed over to the relevant breeding groups for developing high yielding and droughttolerant cultivars.
Twenty four cotton genotypes were tested for physiological traits regarding breeding for high yield anddrought tolerant cultivars. Genotypes with optimum nitrate and nitrite reductase (NRA, NiRA) activitiesand total free amino acids produced higher yield under water stress condition and were categorized astolerant. Correlations among the yield parameters and biochemical traits were significant. Resultsshowed that biochemical traits were regulated genetically and environmentally in the tested cottongenotypes. So, these biochemical markers can be used for developing drought tolerant cotton varietieshaving high yield.
Using physiological traits, 100 rice and 35 tomato advance lines were evaluated for high temperaturestress tolerance potential (HTSTP). Two high temperature (45°C) shocks for 12 hr and 24 hr wereimposed and after giving one week recovery time period, physiological parameters imparting stresstolerance were recorded. Cell membrane thermo-stability (CMTS) showed positive correlation withbiomass. Electrolytes leakage (EL) increased with increase in stress cycle. Lines with high relative watercontents (RWC), heat stress tolerance index (HTSI), CMTS and with low EL produced high biomass andwere high temperature stress tolerant. The identified rice (28) and tomato (10) advance lines werehanded over to the relevant breeding groups for developing high yielding and heat tolerant varieties.
Screening of germplasm for stress tolerance
Drought tolerance in cotton and chickpea
High temperature stress tolerance in rice and tomato
17
Annual Report 2013ActivitySoil Science
NPK treated wheat genotypes on saline soil
Wheat harvesting at Pakka Anna
Screening of barley genotypes
Urea sulphate increases wheat yield
Foliar fertilization improves wheat and rice yield
Phosphoric acid proves a better P source than DAP fertilizer
Demonstration of phosphoric acid application technology for wheat production
Evaluation of different strategies to reduce fertilizer nitrogen loss under maize
Performance of seven salt tolerant barley genotypes was compared with standard variety Haider-93 onnormal soil at NIAB Farm. Maximum grain yield (0.58 kg/m ) was observed in genotypes ICARDA-20 and186AD that was 15.6% higher compared to Haider-93 (0.45 kg/m ). Genotypes ICARDA-8 and 76/2Aproduced maximum straw (1.2 kg/m ) with 22.4% increase over local variety Haider-93. Lodging andattack of stripe rust and aphids were found on all genotypes except ICARDA-20 and Haider-93.Analytical studies on forage quality of 110 days crop grown on normal soil showed that maximumpercentage of crude protein was found in ICARDA-8 followed by ICARDA-20. Of the tested genotypes,ICARDA-8 and ICARDA-20 can be cultivated on normal soil for feed and food purposes, respectively.
Urea sulphate (SUN), a highly acidic N fertilizer (pH < 1, N15%) was prepared and its performance was evaluated onwheat. SUN produced 20 % higher wheat grains than ureawhen both were applied as single dose at 1 irrigation or ½N from SUN (at 1 irrigation) and ½ N from urea (at 2irrigation). Trend of N and P uptake in grain was similar tothat for grain yield. The results suggest that ½ dose of SUNat 1 irrigation is economical to get higher wheat yield.
Soluble mixed fertilizer having NPK ratios 5:1:3 and 1:1:1,without and with micronutrients (Zn 150, Fe 300, Mn 200,Cu 50 and B 7 ppm) were prepared for foliar application on wheat and rice. Four sprays of 1% solution ofthese fertilizers increased grain yield of wheat (17 to 25%) and protein contents (5 to 12%) over control.Performance of NPK 5:1:3 was better as compared to NPK 1:1:1. Micronutrient supplemented NPKincreased 5% wheat grains over their respective NPK unadorned. In rice, four sprays of 1% solution ofthese fertilizers increased paddy yield which was maximum (28%) with NPK 1:1:1 as compared tocontrol. Micronutrient supplementation was not responsive for the increase in paddy yield.
Three field experiments on rice and two on maize were conducted in various districts of Punjab toevaluate phosphoric acid as an alternative to commercial phosphate fertilizer. The yield data exhibitedsuperiority of phosphoric acid over DAP. Maximum increase in rice yield by phosphoric acid fertigationwas 30% over DAP applied as broadcast while average increase was 17%. In case of maize, increase inyield by phosphoric acid placement ranged from 10 to 27% as compared to DAP applied as broadcast.Analysis of soil samples collected after rice or maize crop harvest showed no adverse effect ofphosphoric acid on soil properties.
For transfer of the fertilizer technology to the farmers, four demo plots on wheat were established inFaisalabad, Sheikhupura & Attock districts and farmers' field days were held to demonstrate the use ofphosphoric acid and to show its efficiency for wheat production.
N-labelled urea applied to maize by conventional broadcast method was least effective whetherapplied with or without nitrification and/or urease inhibitors. However, compared to conventionalbroadcast method, subsurface application of N-labelled urea granules or liquid along with ureaseinhibitor (NBPT, applied at 1% of N) caused 16-40% increase in plant N use efficiency and 17-73%reduction in the fertilizer N loss under maize.
2
2
2
st
st nd
st
15
15
Plant Nutrient Management
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Annual Report 2013ActivitySoil Science
Foliar applied NPK and micronutrients (MN)
NPK+MN Control NPK
Zinc biofortification of wheat
Crop residues management in rice-wheat cropping system
Under the , benefits of Zinc (Zn) application on wheat productivity andgrain quality were evaluated in field experiments on Zn-deficient alkaline-calcareous soils (pH, 7.8–8.2;CaCO content, 7.7–21.5%; DTPA Zn, 0.35– 0.92 mg/kg). Whereas use of high Zn density and Zn-primedseed increased emergence of wheat seedlings and seedling height, soil applied zincated fertilizers didnot. High Zn seed (i.e., Zn biofortified as well as Zn-primed), in the absence of using Zn fertilizer, resultedin increased grain yields in most of the field experiments. High Zn seed also increased grain Znconcentration in some field experiments. All treatments of soil-applied Zn fertilizer increased wheatyield, over the respective control yield. Overall, all treatments of foliar-applied Zn fertilizer resulted inincreased grain yields compared with the respective controls: most of the foliar Zn treatments alsoenhanced grain Zn density. Foliar-fed zincated fertilizers proved more effective in increasing grain Znconcentration than soil-applied Zn fertilizers. The use of soil-applied Zn as well as foliar-fed Zn fertilizersin wheat is very cost effective.
A long term study with rice-wheat cropping system was initiated to evaluate the effect of wheat strawfor rice crop and rice straw for wheat crop. Wheat straw (4 & 8 ton/ha) and rice straw (3 & 6 ton/ha)were applied at sowing and 15 days before sowing (15 DBS). Urea @ 150 kg N/ha, with or without fungal
HarvestPlus Zinc Fertilizer Project
3
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Annual Report 2013ActivitySoil Science
Improvement in Kinnow fruit yield by nutrient management
Nutrient management of Kinnow orchards for improving fruit yield and juice quality
Foliar application of Zinc (1% ZnSO solution) and K (1% K SO solution) and Zn+K (solution containing0.5% each of ZnSO and K SO ) at the onset of spring and flush of leaves or flowers, fruit formation and atcolor initiation on fruit was effective in reducing the yield losses in kinnow fruit up to 30% caused due toheavy fruit dropping. Application of Zn, K or Zn+K was effective in improving the nutrient uptake andquality parameters of citrus fruit in all selected orchards. The most promising results were recordedwith foliar spray of Zn+K.
4 2 4
4 2 4
Control Zn
Zn+KK
inoculum ( , was applied in N-2 and N-3 splits. The results of rice crop receivingwheat straw showed an increase in grain yield (19%) with three N-splits as compared to N-appliedwithout straw. In wheat, full rice straw applied 15 DBS with fungal inoculum and N-2 splits had no effecton grain yield.
A green house study on wheat with the application of humic acid (0.1%), poultry waste (5 t/ha) and(20x10 cfu/ml alone and in combination was conducted. The results showed
an increase in grain yield (20%) over control, phosphorus (32%) and nitrogen (33%) uptake, respectively,when poultry waste in either combination with humic acid or inoculum was applied.
Effect of tillage (conventional and zero tillage), mulch (retention of crop residues) and nitrogenapplication (25 kg N/ha) on mungbean was studied. Sixty percent increase in grain yield (963 kg/ha) wasobserved under conventional tillage with addition of mulch and nitrogen compared with grain yield(603 kg/ha) under conventional tillage without mulch or nitrogen application. Under zero tillage, about50% increase in grain yield (593 kg/ha) was observed with addition of mulch and nitrogen compared tothat under no mulch or nitrogen application (395 kg/ha). Initial results showed zero tillage beinguneconomical with 48% reduction in grain yield compared to conventional tillage.
Effect of sugar factory waste press mud on soil microbial populations, mineral N transformations andgrowth of wheat on salt-affected soil (pH 7.9-8.5, ECe 5.9-9.95 dS/m) showed decrease in agronomicbiomass yield of wheat lines N4 and N5 due to inorganic fertilizer N applied alone or in combination withpress mud. The organic amendment promoted the total biomass accumulation at higher rates; theresponse of two wheat lines was variable.
Laboratory studies showed a prominent impact of both inorganic and organic amendments on loss ofNH -N and accumulation of NO and total mineral N, total viable (TVBC) and the exo-polysaccharidesproducing biofilm bacterial counts. Application of mineral N was inhibitory while the organicamendment promoted the two types of soil bacteria. The organic matter amendment by providing sinkfor free ions could eliminate impact of salinity on growth of wheat.
Experiments to study the effect of tillage, fertilizer and mulch on water and nutrient use efficiency inmaize - mung bean rotation were initiated after homogenization, initial soil classification and base lineanalysis of experimental field. Overall higher mung bean yield of 780 kg/ha was observed forconventional tillage compared to 490 kg/ha under zero-tillage system. Similar to 12% yield increasewith an addition of maize residues at 30% coverage of the soil surface over un-mulched conditions,application of nitrogen at 25 kg N/ha also enhanced 39% mung bean yield. In both conventional andzero-tillage systems, combined use of nitrogen and mulch had 60 and 50% higher yield, respectively,compared to without nitrogen and mulch application.
Six year (2007-2013) experiments on wheat under deficit irrigation on wheat covering 100, 80, 60, 40and rainfed were concluded. Seasonal crop water use was calculated using water balance approach.Average biomass and grain yield were 6.9±1.4, 10.4±1.8, 12.1±1.6, 13.5±1.2, 14.4±1.1 t/ha and 1.4±0.4,3.6±0.8, 4.3±0.6, 4.8±0.4, 5.1±0.3 t/ha, under rainfed, 40, 60, 80 and 100% ETc (cropevapotranspiration), respectively. The water-yield relationships were found to be positive andsignificant (Biomass = 6.57x-0.76x R² = 0.92; yield =2.08x-0.21x , R² = 0.96). The relationship showedthat irrigation applied at 80% ETc corresponding to average 270 mm irrigation could be used as a deficitirrigation management strategy in arid/semi- arid regions with scarce irrigation water supplies.
Multi-location trails on wheat in collaboration with PINSTECH, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
Trichoderma harzianum)
Trichoderma harzianum )
Effect of humic acid, poultry waste and fungal inoculum on N and P uptake in wheat
Grain yield of mungbean under mulch-based cropping system
Microbiology of salt-affected soils
Improvement in nutrient and water use efficiency under mulched based cropping system
Water-yield relation of wheat under deficit irrigation in arid/semi- arid environment
Modeling crop water productivity in wheat under irrigated and rain-fed conditions
6
+ -
4 3
Water Use Efficiency
², ²
20
Annual Report 2013ActivitySoil Science
and BARI Chakwalat Attock, Rawalpindi, Chakwal, Jhelum, Jaranwala, Faisalabad, Gojra and Shorkotwere conducted to study the impact and further formulation of adaptation strategies under recent IPCCclimate change scenarios of RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 for 2030s and 2050s. CSM-CERES-Wheat andAquaCrop models have been calibrated and downscaling of future climate using MARKSIM with 18Global Circulation Models (GCMs) for each study site is in progress.
Agronomic practices for water saving in rice cultivation
Development of stress tolerant germplasm
Advancement of generations
Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) in transplanted rice (900 mm) saved irrigation water up to 29% withcomparable yields to that of well-water rice (1275 mm). For transplanted rice, the modified irrigationmethods, viz. AWD throughout (825 mm irrigation) and AWD with 3 supplemental irrigations onvegetative/reproductive stages (1050 mm) produced similar yield to traditional flooded practice (1275mm) and saved water up to 35%. For aerobic rice culture, maximum yield was recorded with drill anddibbling methods and minimum in broadcast sowing method. Drill sowing with first irrigation on 4-6days after sowing (DAS) resulted in 3-5 days early germination and increased yield as compared to drillsowing with first irrigation on 8-10 DAS. In lysimeter studies, statistically at par paddy yields wererecorded with 25% water saving.
During the year 2012-13, seventy two local and exotic wheat lines were screened against drought. Onelocal advance line (NW-5-1212-1) was found tolerant to drought stress and has been sent for provincialdrought screening yield trials.
None of the 35 lines screened against aphid was found resistant to this pest. Three hundred and sixgermplasm and advance lines were screened for yellow and brown rust. Among these 82 lines werefound resistant to both the rusts while all other lines were moderately susceptible to highly susceptible.
Five preliminary yield trials were conducted on 62 lines of wheat. Out of these, 11 high yielding lineswere selected. Thirty six wheat lines were screened under saline field conditions conducted at PakkaAnna. One high yielding line NW-1-9-47 was promising. Two wheat lines NW-1-8183-8 and NW-10-1111-7 have been sent for yield trials to check their performance at provincial level.
Crossed material from F to F generations was evaluated. Different progenies were selected from 308crosses while their performance indicators are given in Table 1.
1 7
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Annual Report 2013Activity
Table 1: Selected wheat genotypes in different generations
Generation No. of lines/SPP* Selected Progenies
F1 185 150 (bulk selection)
F2 185 140 (generation advancement at Kaghan)
F6 123 21 stable lines for future MYT**
and 14 segregating lines
*SPP= Single Plant Progenies**MYT= Micro Yield Trials
Soil Science
Transfer of Radioactivity from Plants to Animals and Animal Products
In current scenario of radioactivity exposure risks to human population there is a dire need to forecastthe transfer of radionuclide from plants to animals and animal products. Radioactivity transfer studieswere conducted in goat using I in collaboration with PIEAS and PNRA. The strength of radioactivityused in the oral feed of goat was 30 Ci fed only once. The first experiment of 7 days duration wasdesigned to calculate transfer coefficient in milk using I, fed on first day of the experiment. Similarly,the second experiment of 4 days was designed for the calculation of transfer coefficient in meat(Table 1).
125
125μ
Loss of iodine in milk was found very rapid, with more than 50% of the total loss occurring in the first 2–3days and between 91-94% in the first week. Peak concentration in the blood occurred within few hoursof single oral administration. Distribution of iodine from the blood to organs and tissues was foundrapid. Iodine concentration in thyroid was found four times high in magnitude than any other organ andtissue. Peak concentrations in the urine and feces occurred within a few hours of the oraladministration. Up to 20% of administered dose was emitted in the milk, more than 10% in the urinewhile more than 50% was found deposited in the thyroid. The maximum deposition of iodine in thyroidoccurred during first 3 days.
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Annual Report 2013ActivityAnimal Sciences
IV. ANIMAL SCIENCES DIVISION
Scientists of Animal Sciences Division
Goat No. Transfer Coefficient(d/L) Range* (d/L)
2 0.186 0.027 - 0.77
3 0.410
4 0.387
5 0.963
6 0.411
Table 1: Calculated radioactivity transfer coefficients
*IAEA Tecdoc Report, 2009: 1616 (9) by Thorne, M.
Nutritive value of and Barley
Effect of estrus synchronization and fixed time artificial insemination protocols (FTAI) on pregnancyrate in Nili-Ravi buffaloes ( ) during breeding and low breeding season
Moringa oleifera
Bubalus bubalis
Among 13 species of Moringa, (family Moringaceae) is the most important, commonlyknown as “Sohanjna”, native to South Asia and introduced into the tropics. It is a multipurpose treegrown in semi-arid and tropical areas in the hedges and backyards. It has a remarkable capacity tocombat malnutrition. The use of Moringa tree as an animal feed is not very common. The objective ofthis study was to determine the nutritional value of its different parts. Lush green stand of the treeseven in the coldest periods of years shows the potential of the tree for the year around supply of theforage. The ground samples of seed, flower, pods and leaves were analyzed for dry matter, ash, crudeprotein, ether extract and crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Thechemical composition of dry matter (DM), 95.0%, 89.2%, 94.4% and 93.1%; crude protein (CP), 39.17%31.40%, 7.12% and 26.70%; ether extract (EE) 33.8%, 6.8%, 2.0% and 6.4%; crude fiber (CF), 48.0%,17.0%, 49.0% and 21.0%, ash content 3.48%, 11.2%, 9.7% and 13.9% are present in seed, flowers, podsand leaves, respectively. The mineral content of leaves are Ca (1.91% ±0.08), K (0.97% ±0.01), Na193ppm ±4.4), Fe (107ppm ±8.2), Mn (82ppm ±2.31), Zn (60ppm ±0.3), P (30ppm ±0.5), Mg (0.38%±0.01) and Cu (6ppm ±0.19).
Barley represents a reliable source of high energy especially in winter when all natural pastures areunder stress. Nutritive values of Candidate Barley varieties of NIAB (30 Nos.) were evaluated incollaboration with Soil Sciences Division. The chemical analysis of the samples in triplicate was done bystandard analytical methods. Intra varietal difference in crude protein ranged from 5.16% to 13.37%.Similarly, the average crude fiber content was found as 26.1% varying from 17.5% to 32.5%. The etherextract was maximum (3.2%) in NBA-19 while minimum (1.8%) in NBA-16. The high difference found innutritive values of candidate varieties offers their selection in respect of high production and nutrition.The detailed studies in this regards are underway.
Research on bacterial up-gradation of agro-industrial waste for value-added products, amino acidsparticularly lysine and glutamic acid was continued. Majority of the wild type strains produced alanine,aspartic acid and glutamic acid upto 4.3, 2.5 and 1.8 g/l, respectively, within 48 to 72 hr of fermentationat 29 1°C and 150 rpm. In addition, some other amino acids, such as leucine, isoleucine, valanine andhistidine were also produced in traces.
On the basis of their amino acid production potential, the isolates were mutated. More than 110mutants were derived and tested for their ability to produce lysine in the fermentation broth. Theminimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for NTG (mutagen) and AEC (a lysine analog) was found as 50and 625 g/ml, respectively. Five mutants showing AEC-resistance were tested for their ability toproduce lysine in different molasses media. The effect of different glucose concentrations (5-15%) wasinvestigated on lysine production in time course study. The results showed that the best lysineproduction was achieved at 10% glucose concentration at 30 C after 64 hours of incubation. Among themedia tested for lysine production, MM (Molasses based media) provided better yield of -lysine.Initially, the production of a wild type isolate, NIAB KN-98 was increased from negligible to a level ofmore than 3g/l. For production of glutamic acid, a strain of NIAB SS-67was used for media optimization. Amongst eight carbon sources (glucose, galactose, lactose, maltose,sorbose, fructose, sucrose and dextrin), the best glutamic acid production appeared at 10% glucoseafter 72hr of fermentation at 29 1°C and 150 rpm, and it was almost 2.5-fold increase from the initialproduction level; it gradually decreased with the increase in concentration.
Sixty two buffaloes at Surblund Livestock and Dairy Farm (SB Farm, Theekriwala), Faisalabad weredivided into three groups during breeding and low breeding seasons. The first group (n=21) received anOvsynch treatment, consisting of two 10-days apart injections of GnRH analogue separated by a singleadministration of PGF on 8 day along with an FTAI on 16-22 h after last GnRH treatment. The secondgroup (n=21) was treated with intravaginal methylacetoxy progesterone (MAP) sponges for 7 days andPGF on 8 day. GnRH was administered in animals on 10 day and FTAI was performed after 16 to 22 h
Moringa oleifera
L
Coryncbacterium glutamicum,
Upgradation of agro-industrial waste for amino acid production through bacteria
+
+
μ
o
th
th th
2 ,
2
α
α
23
Annual Report 2013ActivityAnimal Sciences
(MAP-FTAI protocol). The third group (n=20) was treated with Ovsynch plus a MAP treatment between1 and 8 day of the Ovsynch method. The day of FTAI was specified as day 0. Blood sampling was carriedout from day 0 till 20 to 22 days to monitor progesterone and estradiol profiles. The differences amongestrus synchronization rates and pregnancy rates per artificial insemination (AI) to the treatments andseasons were compared using Z-test for two proportions. Numerical data for hormonal concentrationsare represented as mean±SEM. The overall estrus synchronization rate (100 vs 93.6%) was non-significantly higher in breeding than in low breeding season (Table 2). The MAP-FTAI protocol gave anoverall higher pregnancy rate of 42.9% (Table 3), than Ovsynch plus MAP (28.6%) and Ovsynch (30%)methods. The pregnancy rate by Ovsynch was significantly higher ( 0.05) in the breeding than the lowbreeding season (50 vs 10%). The pregnancy rate by MAP-FTAI protocol (60%) was non-significantlyhigher in the low breeding as compared to the breeding season (27.3%) and it was significantly higher( 0.05) than the Ovsynch (10%) (Fig. 1). An overall higher pregnancy rate (44.8 vs. 24.2%) wasaccomplished by cyclic than acyclic buffaloes (Table 4). In buffaloes observing estrous cycle after thetreatment, the mean (±SEM) serum progesterone levels on day 0 were 0.57±0.09 and 0.52±0.06 ng/ml,during the breeding and the low breeding season, respectively. These levels increased attaining a peakof 4.43±0.48 and 5.02±0.5 ng/ml on day 14, corresponding to both seasons. The progesterone thendeclined and dropped to basal levels on day 20 and 22. The mean (±SEM) estradiol was observed in 2 to3 peaks ranging from 8.64±1.41 to 16.51±4.21 pg/ml during estrous cycle (Fig. 2). In conclusion, thehighest pregnancy rate was achieved by Ovsynch in the breeding and MAP-FTAI protocol in the lowbreeding season and these regimens gave higher pregnancy rates in cyclic than acyclic buffaloes.
st th
P<
P<
Table 2: Estrus synchronization rate (%) using Ovsynch+MAP, MAP-FTAI and Ovsynch protocols infemale Nili-Ravi buffaloes during breeding and low breeding season
Table 3: Pregnancy rate (%) after FTAI using Ovsynch+MAP, MAP-FTAI and Ovsynch protocols in Nili-Ravi buffaloes during breeding and low breeding season
Table 4: Comparison of pregnancy rate (%) in cyclic and acyclic buffaloes after FTAI protocols
Annual Report 2013ActivityAnimal Sciences
24
Season Ovsynch+MAP MAP-FTAI Ovsynch Overall
-----------------------------------no/no (%)-------------------------------------
Breeding 10/10 (100) 11/11(100) 10/10 (100) 31/31 (100)
Low breeding 10/11(91) 10/10(100) 9/10 (90) 29/31(93.6)
Total/treatment 20/21(95.2) 21/21(100) 19/20 (95) 60/62 (96.8)
The differences in estrus synchronization rate between various groups/seasons were non-significant.
Season Ovsynch+MAP MAP-FTAI Ovsynch Overall
----------------------------------no/no (%) ------------------------------------------
Breeding 3/10 (30.0)Aa
3/11(27.3)Aa
5/10 (50.0)Aa
11/31(35.5)A
Low Breeding 3/11 (27.3)Aa
6/10 (60.0)Aa
1/10 (10.0)Bb
10/31(32.3)A
Overall 6/21 (28.6)a
9/21 (42.9)a
6/20 (30.0)a
21/62(33.9)A,B, ,a,b Values in the same columns and rows with different superscripts are significantly different at
P<0.05. Capital letters show the comparison between the seasons, while small letters represent the
comparison between the treatments.
Ovarian Status Ovsynch+MAP MAP-FTAI Ovsynch Overall
-------------------------------no/no (%)--------------------------------
Cyclic 3/9 (33.3) 6/10 (60.0) 4/10 (40.0) 13/28(44.8)
Acyclic 3/12 (25.0) 3/11 (27.3) 2/10 (20.0) 8/32(24.2)
______________________________________________________________________________The differences in pregnancy rate between various groups were non-significant.
Fig. 2: Mean (±SEM) serum progesterone (ng/ml) and estradiol (pg/ml) profiles during estrous cycle afterovulation synchronization protocols in Nili-Ravi buffaloes during breeding (a) and the low breedingseason (b)
25
Annual Report 2013ActivityAnimal Sciences
Effect of repeated oxytocin administration on cGMP levels in lactating buffalos
Studies were conducted on -Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) that is an important intracellularsecondary messenger/regulator/ mediatorinvolved in a number of biological reactionsand metabolic processes. Hormones likeoxytocin, acetylcholine and insulin cause anincrease in cGMP levels. However, effect ofrepeated administration of oxytocin on cGMPlevels of lactating buffaloes was studiedemploying ELISA assay.
Blood samples were collected from oxytocintreated and untreated (control) buffaloesavailable at SB farm Theekriwala, Faisalabad.Standard protocols for sample extraction,standardization and analysis were followed asdescribed in technical bulletin of cGMPEnzyme immunoassay kit (Sigma cGMP EIA kit Cat # CG201). Results showed that repeatedadministration of oxytocin did not necessarily increase cGMP levels in treatments. Instead, 60 % of theanimals showed decline in cGMP levels to varying degrees after oxytocin injection indicating animal
cyclic
ELISA reader with cGMP kit
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Breeding Low breeding
Ovsynch+MAP MAP-FTAI Ovsynch
SeasonP
r eg
na
ncy
ra
te/A
I (%
)
Fig. 1: Pregnancy rate (%) after Ovsynch+MAP, MAP-FTAI and Ovsynch protocols in Nili-Ravi buffaloes duringbreeding season (BS) and low breeding season (LBS)
resistance to artificial hormonal treatment.
Chloramphenicol (CAP) is highly effective antibiotic, widely used in veterinary medicine due to itsbroad-spectrum activity, high tissue penetration and low cost. It may give rise to serious adverse healtheffects in humans. A zero tolerance has been established for CAP residues in dairy products. For thispurpose, immunogen and enzyme tracer were prepared with Human Serum Albumin (CAP-HSA) andHorseradish Peroxidase (CAP-HRP). Sensitivity of antibodies was assessed by calculating IC . Titer ofthree antibodies (S235, S236 and R877) and enzyme tracer was checked through checkerboard usingserial dilutions and the selected dilutions were 1/2K: 1/40K, 1/8K: 160K and 1/4K: 1/40K, respectively.Muscle samples were extracted into buffer, cleaned up by hexane to remove fats followed by solventextraction in ethyl acetate. Preliminary studies showed its working range from 0 to 0.5ng of CAP per g ofmuscle. This method was designed to select samples that may contain CAP above ½ MRPL (0.15ng/g).
Sampling was done from variousoutbreaks of foot-and-mouth diseasethat occurred during 2013 in anda r o u n d F a i s a l a b a d . R e v e r s etranscriptase-polymerase chainreaction (RT-PCR) was used for typingof foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV). A total of 68 samples werereceived, 54 were found FMDVgenome positive when tested with 1Fand 1R consensus primers. Out ofthese genome positive samples, 48were successfully typed into types A(12), O (20) and Asia 1 (16).Complementary DNAs (cDNAs) werestored at -80 C for further sequencingstudies. Type A serotype was detectedfrom samples received from Sumandriand Jaranwala tehsils, type O fromSadar, and Asia 1 outbreaks werereported from Chak Jhumra andSadhar.
Clinical samples were collected fromsuspected poultry farms aroundFaisalabad. Samples were processedfor isolation of ND virus in chickenembryonated eggs and presence of thevirus was confirmed by RT-PCR. PartialF-gene was amplified and nucleotidesequence of variable region wasdetermined. Phylogenetic analysis ofvariable region of F-gene revealed thatour isolates belong to highly pathogenic 'velogenic viscerotropic' Newcastle disease virus. Further workon adaptation/propagation of the virus in suitable system is underway.
Detection of chloramphenicol in muscles using competitive ELISA
Surveillance of outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease
Isolation and identification ofnewcastle disease (ND) virus
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o
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Annual Report 2013ActivityAnimal Sciences
Distribution of FMDV serotypes in various
administrative units of Faisalabad
District Faisalabad
N
Asia 1
UDAsia 1 A
O
A
V. SUMMARY
NIAB is pursuing inter-disciplinary research programs focused on developing new and high yielding cropvarieties, the best plant protection measures against insect pests and diseases, strategies to conservesoil, water and environment, and methods to enhance animal production and health. Salientachievements during the report period are presented here.
Three new varieties of cotton: NIAB-KIRAN, NIAB-112 and IR-NIAB-824 were approved by Punjab SeedCouncil (PSC) for general cultivation. These varieties have better yield potential, fiber quality andresistance against biotic and abiotic stresses, and are expected to contribute towards enhancing cottonproduction in the country. A coarse rice namely NIAB-Rice-2013 (RSP-2) was approved by PSC ascommercial variety. It has high yield potential (10 t/ha) and is suitable for marginal saline soils and areasof variable water availability. Tons of quality seed (Pre-basic and basic) of different crop varietiesdeveloped by NIAB was provided to Punjab Seed Corporation, private seed companies and farmers formultiplication. A number of candidate lines of different crops, i.e. cotton, rice, pulses, wheat, barley,oilseeds and tomato are at different stages of evaluation.
Studies on optimization of conditions (diet, environment) to enhance rearing efficiency of bio-controlagents were continued. Bio-control based IPM saved 4-6 extra insecticide sprays in vegetables bycontrolling insect pests below their ETLs. Bio-control agents were very effective to control okra andtomato fruit bores where weekly releases could save >8 sprays of insecticides. Several safer chemicalsand new insecticides were tested against insect pests of different crops. HPLC analysis of chili samplesshowed high levels of aflatoxins (AFB ) ranging from 31-69 µg/kg. A combination of citric acid (0.3%) andpropionic acid (0.1%) was found very effective and the level of aflatoxins in treated chilis was reduced by95%. Analytical services for aflatoxins, insecticide residues, nutrients and drinking water (worth Rs. 1.23M ) were provided to various industries, universities, and town planning stakeholders.
Work at Biosaline Research Station, Pakka Anna was continued; over 50 acres of saline wasteland wasdeveloped and brought under cultivation. Use of fertilizers (Nitrogen and Farm Yard Manure) improvedgrain yield of wheat grown in Acacia – and Eucalyptus – based agro – forestry systems.
Use of phosphoric acid proved superior over DAP as P source for rice and maize. Higher increase in riceyield by phosphoric acid fertigation was 30% over DAP applied as broadcast. Increase in maize yield byphosphoric acid placement ranged from 10-27% as compared to DAP applied as broadcast. Proper rateand method of application may increase efficiency and saving in P fertilizers for different crops. Foliarapplication of Zinc (1% ZnSO ) solution and K (1% K SO solution) was effective in reducing the yield lossin Kinnow fruit upto 30% caused due to heavy fruit dropping. Subsurface application of urea granules orliquid along with urease inhibitor (NBPT 1%) caused 16-40% increase in plant N use efficiency and 17-73% reduction in the fertilizers N loss under maize crop.
Over 71000 vials (worth Rs.4.8M) of NIAB-HS Vaccine were produced. Chloramphenicol (CAP) residuesin dairy products are of great concern world over. Immunogen and enzyme tracer were prepared forCAP detection. The working range of the extraction protocol is from 0-0.5 g of CAP per g of muscle; amethod was designed to select samples containing CAP above ½ permissible limit (0.15 g/g). Work ondevelopment of animal vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease of cattle and Newcastle disease of poultrybirds is also in progress.
NIAB also has active liaison with stakeholders for dissemination of its products, technologies andtechnical knowhow to the end-users. During 2013, sixteen training events (training courses, workshopsand field days) were organized for researchers, students, extension workers and farmers. The programof training activities planned for 2014 is annexed in this report.
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Annual Report 2013ActivitySummary
VI. PUBLICATIONS
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Ahmad, I., M. Hussain, M. S. A. Ahmad, M. Hameed, M. Y. Ashraf, Z. K. Shinwari, T. Nawaz, R. Batooland S. Fatima. 2013. Spatio-temporal variations in some medicinally important biochemicalconstituents of (Hermal). Pak. J. of Botany, 45: 601-607.
Ahmad, N. and M. Sarwar. 2013. The Cotton Bollworms: Their survey, detection and managementthrough Pheromones: A review. Research and Reviews: Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences,2 (3): 5-8.
Ahmad, R., E. A. Waraich, R. G. M. Hur, M. Y. Ashraf and M. Hussain. 2013. Effect of supplementalfoliar-applied potassium on cotton ( L.) yield and lint quality under droughtstress. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 11: 154-164.
Akhtar, J., R. Ahmad, M. Y. Ashraf, A. Tanveer, E. A. Warrich and H. Oraby. 2013. Influence ofexogenous application of salicylic acid on salt stressed mungbean ( ): Growth andnitrogen metabolism. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45: 119-125.
Akhtar, K. P., G. Sarwar, N. Sarwar and M. T. Elahi. 2013. Field resistance in sesame germplasmagainst sesame phyllody disease. Pakistan J. of Botany, 45 (3): 1085-1090.
Akhtar, K. P., M. Dickinson, T. M. Shah and N. Sarwar. 2013. Natural occurrence, identification andtransmission of the phytoplasma associated with flax phyllody and stem fasciation in Pakistan.Phytoparasitica, 41: 383-389.
Akhtar, K. P., M. Dickinson, T. M. Shah and N. Sarwar. 2013. Natural occurrence, identification andtransmission of the phytoplasma associated with flax phyllody and stem fasciation in Pakistan.Phytoparasitica, 41: 383-389.
Akhtar, K. P., R. Ullah, I. A. Khan, M. Saeed, N. Sarwar and S. Mansoor. 2013. First SymptomaticEvidence of Infection of with throughGrafting. International J. of Agriculture and Biology, 15: 157-160.
Akhtar, M., Z. Iqbal, A. Naeem, M. Yaqub, A. Hassan, S. Tahir and T. M. Qureshi. 2013. Impact ofchickpea and wheat co-cropping on crop growth, nutrient uptake and root induced changes. Soiland Environment, 32: 152-157.
Ali, S., M. A. Farooq, A. Hameed, W. Ishaque, K. Mahmood and Z. Iqbal. 2013. Alleviation ofcadmium toxicity by silicon is related to elevated photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes;suppressed cadmium uptake and oxidative stress in cotton. Ecotoxicology and EnvironmentSafety, 96: 242-249.
Arshad, H. M. I., N. Hussain, S. Ali, J. A. Khan, K. Saleem and M. M. Babar. 2013. Behavior ofat different temperatures, culture media, fungicides and rice germplasm for
resistance. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 25 (01): 84-90.
Ashraf, M. Y., F. Hussain, M. Ashraf, J. Akhter and G. Ebert. 2013. Modulation in yield and juicequality characteristics of citrus fruit from trees supplied with zinc and potassium foliarly. Journalof Plant Nutrition, 36: 1996-2012.
Ashraf, M. Y., M. Ashraf, M. Akhtar, K. Mahmood and M. Saleem. 2013. Improvement in yield,quality and reduction in fruit drop in Kinnow ( Blanco) by exogenous applicationof plant growth regulators, potassium and zinc. Pak. J. of Botany, 45: 433-440.
Ashraf, M. Y., N. Rafique, M. Ashraf, N. Azhar and M. Marchand. 2013. Effect of supplementalpotassium (K ) on growth, physiological and biochemical attributes of wheat grown under salineconditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 36: 443-458.
Chughtai, M. I., T. Kausar, K. Mahmood, M. Naeem and A. R. Awan. 2013. Studies on limnologicalcharacteristics and planktonic diversity D.G. Khan Canal water at D.G. Khan (Pakistan). PakistanJournal of Botany, 45 (2): 599-604.
Hameed, A., M. A. Sheikh, A. Hameed T. Farooq, S. M. A. Basra and A. Jamil. 2013 Chitosanpriming enhances the seed germination, antioxidants, hydrolytic enzymes, soluble proteins andsugars in wheat seeds. Agrochimica, LVII (1): 32-46.
Hameed, A., M. Goher and N. Iqbal. 2013. Drought induced programmed cell death and
Peganum harmala
Gossypium hirsutum
Vigna radiata
Gossypium arboreum Cotton Leaf Curl Burewala Virus
Bipolaris oryzae
Citrus reticulata
, .
+
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Annual Report 2013ActivityPublications
29
Annual Report 2013ActivityPublications
associated changes in antioxidants, proteases and lipid peroxidation in wheat leaves. BiologiaPlantarum, 57 (2): 370-374.
Ikram, S., S. Vesa, M. Durandet and S. Bonhome. 2013. High functional redundancy among F-boxprotein genes expressed in gametophytes. Genetics, 195: 1206-1214.
Iqbal, S. Z. and M. R. Asi. 2013. Assessment of Aflatoxin M in milk and milk products from Punjab,Pakistan. Food Control, 30: 235-239.
Iqbal, S. Z., I. A. Bhatti, M. R. Asi, M. Zuber, M. Shahid and I. Parveen. 2013. Effect of gammairradiation on fungal load and aflatoxins reduction in red chillies. Radiation Physics and Chemistry,82: 80-84.
Iqbal, S. Z., M. R. Asi, M. Zuber, J. Akhtar and M. J. Saif. 2013. Natural occurrence of aflatoxins andochratoxin A in commercial chili and chili sauce samples. Food Control, 30: 621-625.
Kamal, G. M., M. Y. Ashraf, A. I. Hussain, A. Shahzadi and M. I. Chughtai. 2013. Antioxidantpotential of peel essential oils of three Pakistani citrus species: ,and Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45: 1449-1454.
Kausar, R., S. A. Khanum, M. Hussain, T. Hussain, N. Ahmad, L. Ahmad, and N. A. Qureshi. 2013.Estrus synchronization and conception rates using locally prepared Methylacetoxy progesterone(MAP) sponges in cyclic and acyclic Nili-Ravi buffaloes ( ). Pakistan VeterinaryJournal, 33 (4): 433-437.
Khan, R. A., J. Y. Liu, M. Rashid, D. Wang and Y. L. Zhang. 2013. Cantharidin Impedes Activity ofGlutathione -Transferase in the midgut of Hübner.
14: 5482-5500.
Khan, R. A., M. Rashid, D. Wang and Y. L. Zhang. 2013. Toxicology and Biochemical Basis ofCantharidin Effects on (Hub.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pakistan Journal ofZoology, 45: 769-777.
Khursheed K., N. Ahmad, M. Imran, M. O'Nils, 2013.. Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 19 (10): 155-
161.
Khursheed, K., M. Imran, N. Ahmad, M. O'Nils, 2013. Bi-Level Video Codec for Machine VisionEmbedded Applications. Elektronikair Elektrotechnika, 19 (8): 93-96.
Lodhi, A., S. Tahir, Z. Iqbal, A. Mahmood, M. Akhtar, T. M. Qureshi, M. Yaqub and A. Naeem. 2013.Characterization of commercial humic acid samples and their impact on growth of fungi andplants. Soil and Environment, 32: 63-70.
Muhammad I., N. Ahmad, K. Khursheed, M. A. Waheed, N. Lawal, M. O'Nils, 2013,. IEEE Journal on Emerging and
Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, 3 (2): 198-209.
Naeem A., M. Imran, K. Khursheed, N. Lawal, M. O'Nils, B. Oelmann, 2013. “Model, PlacementOptimization and Verification of a Sky Surveillance Visual Sensor Network,” International Journalof Space-Based and Situated Computing (IJSSC), 3 (3): 125-135.
Nawaz, F., M. Y. Ashraf, R. Ahmad and E. A. Waraich. 2013. Selenium (Se) seed priming inducedgrowth and biochemical changes in wheat under water deficit conditions. Biol. Trace ElementResearch, 151: 284–293.
Perveen, S., N. Sarwar, M. Yousaf and M. N. Mushtaq. 2013. Optimization of HPLC method for theanalysis of cockscomb's phenolic compounds. Continental Journal of Biological Sciences 6: 1-7.
Rashid, M., R. A. Khan, D. Wang and Y. L. Zhang. 2013. Over-expression of Cytochrome P450s inin response to Bio-insecticide, Cantharidin. International Journal of
Agriculture and Biology, 15: 993-997.
Rasool, F., N. A. Qureshi, M. Siddique, M. Ashraf, A. Ali, A. Hameed and S. Parveen. 2013.Clustering analysis for intraspecific variation studies amongst the populations of
. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 23 (5): 1327-1332.
Rasool, F., N. A. Qureshi, S. Parveen, M. Siddique, M. Ashraf, A. Hameed and K. J. Iqbal. 2013.Principle component analysis for the variation among the populations of Journal of
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26. The effect of packets relaying on theimplementation issues of the visual sensor node
27.
28.
29. Implementationof Wireless Vision Sensor Node With a Lightweight Bi-Level Video Coding
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Arabidopsis
Citrus reticulata Citrus sinensisCitrus paradisii.
Bubalus bubalis
S Helicoverpa armigera International Journal ofMolecular Science,
Helicoverpa armigera
Helicoverpa armigera
Cirrhinusmrigala
Labeo rohita.
1
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Annual Report 2013ActivityPublications
Animal and Plant Sciences, 23 (2): 487-492.
Rasool, F., N. A. Qureshi, S. Parveen, M. Siddique, M. Ashraf, A. Hameed, N. Khan and K. J. Iqbal.2013. Morphometric parameters assisted study of the hatchery raised and natural populations of
. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 45 (4): 903-907.
Saleem, K., S. Perveen, N. Sarwar, F. Latif, K. P. Akhtar and H. M. I. Arshad. 2013 Identification ofPhenolics in mango leaves extract and their allelopathic effect on Canary grass and Wheat.Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45 (5): 1527-1535.
Sarwar, G., G. Abbas and M. J. Asghar. 2013. Quantitative analysis of different yield related traits inlentil ( Medik.) germplasm. J. of Agri. Research, 51: 239-246.
Sarwar, M. 2013. Studies on incidence of insect pests (aphids) and their natural enemies inCanola L. (Brassicaceae) crop ecosystem. International Journal of ScientificResearch in Environmental Sciences, 1 (5): 78-84.
Sarwar, M. 2013. Assessment of genetic divergence in Rapeseeds L. andL. crops for exploitation of host plant tolerance to Aphid (Sulzer).
Journal of Cereals and Oilseeds, 4 (8): 101-105.
Sarwar, M. 2013. Categorization of selected canola L. varieties/ lines for toleranceto natural infestation of aphid (Sulzer). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 6(3): 35-39.
Sarwar, M. 2013. Comparative suitability of soil and foliar applied insecticides against the Aphid(Sulzer) (Aphididae: Hemiptera) In Canola L. International Journal
of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences, 1 (7): 138-143.
Sarwar, M. 2013. Comparing abundance of predacious and phytophagous mites (Acarina) inconjunction with resistance identification between Bt and non-Bt cotton cultivars. AfricanEntomology, 21 (1): 108-118.
Sarwar, M. 2013. Estimation of genetic divergence in rice ( L.) germplasms on thebasis of paddy yield and rice stem borer's (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) resistance. Journal of Science,Technology and Development, 32 (2): 104-109.
Sarwar, M. 2013. Exploration on resource of resistance in chickpea ( L.) genotypesto gram pod borer (Hubner) (Lepidoptera). African Journal of AgriculturalResearch, 8 (26): 3431-3435.
Sarwar, M. 2013. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) - A constructive utensil to manage plantfatalities. Research and reviews: Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, 2 (3): 1-4.
Sarwar, M. 2013. Management of Spider Mite (Boisduval)(Tetranychidae) infestation in cotton by releasing the predatory Mite
(Xin, Liang and Ke) (Phytoseiidae). , 65 (1): 37-42.
Sarwar, M. 2013. Relative degree of susceptibility and resistance of differentL. genotypes against Aphid - A field investigation. The Nucleus, 50(1): 81-86.
Sarwar, M. 2013. Studies on resistance discrepancy in seeds of local and exotic lentil (Medikus) genotypes against L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). African
Entomology, 21 (2): 273-279.
Sarwar, M. 2013. Study on Differences in Some New Mustard L. Genotypesfor Having Resistance and Susceptibility Feedback Infected with Aphid (Sulzer)(Homoptera: Aphididae). Global J. of Scientific Researches, 1 (3): 80-84.
Sarwar, M. 2013. Survey on screening resistance resources in some chickpea ( L.)genotypes against gram pod borer (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)pest. International J. of Agricultural Sciences, 3 (3): 455-458.
Sarwar, M. 2013. The inhibitory properties of organic pest control agents against Aphid(Aphididae: Homoptera) on Canola L. (Brassicaceae) under field environment. Int.J. of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences, 1 (8): 195-201.
Sarwar, M. 2013. The theatrical usefulness of olive L. (Oleaceae Family) nutritionin human health: A Review. Sky Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 2 (1): 1-4.
36.
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Biological Control
48.
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Labeo rohita
Lens culinaris
Brassica napus
Brassica napus Brassicacampestris Myzus persicae
Brassica napusMyzus persicae
Myzus persicae Brassica napus
Oryza sativa
Cicer arietinumHelicoverpa armigera
Tetranychus cinnabarinusNeoseiulus
pseudolongispinosus
Brassica campestrisMyzus persicae
Lensculinaris Callosobruchus analis
Brassica campestrisMyzus persicae
Cicer arietinumHelicoverpa armigera
Brassica napus
Olea europaea
.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
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60.
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Sarwar, M. 2013. Valuation of some aromatic rice ( L.) genetic materials to achievetolerant resources for rice stem borers (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). International Journal of ScientificResearch in Environmental Sciences, 1 (10): 285-290.
Sarwar, M. and M. Sattar. 2013. Varietals variability of winter rapes ( L.) for theirsusceptibility to green aphid, (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Pakistan Journalof Zoology, 45 (4): 883-888.
Sarwar, M. F., M. H. Sarwar, M. Sarwar, N. A. Qadri and S. Moghal. 2013. The role of oilseedsnutrition in human health: A critical review. J. of Cereals & Oilseeds, 4 (8): 97-100.
Sarwar, M. H., M. F. Sarwar, M. Sarwar, N. A. Qadri and S. Moghal. 2013. The importance of cereals(Poaceae: Gramineae) nutrition in human health: A review. Journal of Cereals and Oilseeds, 4 (3):32-35.
Sarwar, M., M. Ashfaq, A. Ahmad and M. A. M. Randhawa. 2013. Assessing the potential ofassorted plant powders on survival of grain mite (Acari: Acaridae) in wheat grain. Int.J. of Agricultural Science and Bioresource Engineering Research, 2 (1): 1-6.
Sarwar, M., M. Hamed, B. Rasool, M. Yousaf and M. Hussain. 2013. Host preference andperformance of fruit flies (Saunders) and (Coquillett)(Diptera: Tephritidae) for various fruits and vegetables. International Journal of ScientificResearch in Environmental Sciences, 1 (8): 188-194.
Sarwar, M., M. Hamed, M. Yousaf and M. Hussain. 2013. Identification of resistance to insectpests infestations in cotton ( L.) varieties evaluated in the field experiment.Int. J. of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences, 1 (11): 317-323.
Sarwar, N., S. Ashfaq, K. P. Akhtar and F. F. Jamil. 2013. Biological pathotyping and RAPD analysis of, from various chickpea growing areas of Pakistan. The Journal of Animal and
Plant Sciences, 23: 882-887.
Shah, T. M., Z. Iqbal, M. R. Asi and B. M. Atta. 2013. Induced genetic variability for fatty acids andoil contents in chickpea ( ). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 15 (3):419-426.
Shahid, M. A., M. Y. Ashraf, M. A. Pervez, R. Ahmad, R. M. Balal and F. Garcia-Sanchez. 2013.Impact of salt stress on concentrations of Na , Cl and organic solutes concentration in peacultivars. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45: 755-761.
Suleman, N., R. J. Quinell and S. G. Compton. 2013. Variation in inflorescence size in a dioecious figtree and its consequences for the plant and its pollinator fig wasp. Plant Systematics andEvolution, 299: 927-934.
Suleman, N., S. Raja and S. G. Compton. 2013. Parasitism of a pollinator fig wasp: mortalities arehigher in figs with more pollinators, but are not related to local densities of figs. EcologicalEntomology, 38: 478-484.
Suleman, N., S. Raja R. J. Quinell and S. G. Compton. 2013. Putting your eggs in several baskets:oviposition in a wasp that walks between several figs. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,149: 85-93.
Tanveer, H., S. Ali and M. R. Asi. 2012. Appraisal of an important flavonoid, quercetin, in callusculture of . Int. J. of Agriculture and Biology, 14: 528-532.
Waraich, E. A., Z. Ahmed, R. Ahmad, M. Y. Ashraf, Saifullah, M. S. Naeem and Z. Rengel. 2013., a climate proof crop, has high nutritive value and multiple uses: a review.
Australian Journal of Crop Science, 10: 1551-1559.
Wicke, B., E. M. W. Smeets, R. Akanda, L. Stille, R. K. Singh, A. R. Awan, K. Mahmood and A. P. C.Faaij. 2013. Biomass production in agroforestry and forestry systems on salt-affected soils inSouth Asia: Exploration of the GH balance and economic performance of three case studies. J. ofEnvironmental Management, 127: 324-334.
Yousaf, S., G. Rasool, I. Amin, S. Mansoor and M. Saeed. 2013. Interference of a synthetic repprotein to develop resistance against cotton leaf curl disease. International Journal of Agricultureand Biology, 15: 1140-1144.
Oryza sativa
Brassica napusMyzus persicae
Caloglyphus
Bactrocera zonata Bactrocera cucurbitae
Gossypium hirsutum
Ascochyta rabiei
Cicer arietinum
citrullus colocynthis
Camelina sativa
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Annual Report 2013ActivityAppendices
VII. APPENDICES
i. Research Projectson-going
Title of the Project Source Budget
(Rs. M)
Principal
Investigator
Breeding for high yielding long grain rice with
adaptation to high temperatures (16589)
IAEA 1.09 Dr. Muhammad
Ashraf
Strengthening capabilities to monitor & control
veterinary drug residues in foodstuffs
IAEA 18.00 Dr. Uzma Maqbool
Improvement in nutrient and water use efficiency
under mulch-based cropping system
IAEA 2.01 Mr. Wajid Ishaq
Managing saline irrigation water involving isotopic
techniques for sustainable food/feed and fuel
production on salt-affected soils in semi-arid
environments
IAEA 1.12 Dr. Khalid
Mahmood
Supporting early warning response and control of
trans-boundary animal diseases in East Asia
IAEA Technical
Support/
training
Dr. Mudasser
Habib
Molecular epidemiology and control of foot-and-
mouth disease in Pakistan
IAEA 0.96 Dr. Mudasser
Habib
Evaluation of different Zincated fertilizers for
improving wheat yield and quality
Sabanci Uni.
Turkey
4.00 Dr. Khalid
Mahmood
Improvement of chickpea productivity through the
identification of drought tolerant and disease resistant
chickpea genotypes for marginal lands
PARB 19.80 Dr. Tariq M. Shah
Evaluation of phosphoric acid (52% P2O5) as an
alternative to commercial phosphate fertilizers and
enhancing its efficiency for higher crop productivity
PARB 13.93 Dr. Muhammad
Akhtar
Improvement of lentil germplasm for high seed yield
and disease resistance
PARB 15.12 Dr. Muhammad
Jawad Asghar
Control of Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) in rice through
management and resistant varieties
PARB 10.48 Hafiz Muhammad
Imran Arshad
Improvement of low phytate basmati rice PSF 2.40 Dr. Zia-ul-Qamar
Development of high yielding and disease resistant
hybrid of tomato
PSF 3.90 Dr. Muhammad
Yussouf Saleem
Isolation, characterization and bioremediation
potential of the EPS-producing biofilm bacteria from
brackish and polluted irrigation waters
PSF 2.40 Dr. Muhammad
Ashraf
Annual Report 2013Activity
Submitted
33
To establish a National Reference Laboratory formycotoxins
IAEA-TC Euro 0.70 M Dr. MuhammadRafique Asi
Induction and molecular characterization of herbicideresistance/tolerance in chickpea through inducedmutagenesis
IAEA-TC Euro 0.40 M Dr. Amjad Hameed
Isolation and characterization of mutations forherbicide tolerance in chickpea using TILLING
IAEA-RCA - Dr. Sobia Ikram
Characterization of chickpea wilt pathogens andidentification of wilt resistance genes in chickpea byTILLING approach
IAEA - Ms. Hina Ali
Exploring genetic, molecular, mechanical andbehavioral methods of sex separation in mosquitoes(IAEA code: D44001).
IAEA Euro 30,000 Dr. MuhammadSarwar
Screening drought tolerance and understanding itsmechanism in chickpea through integrated biochemicaland physiological profiling
ISESCO US$ 10,000 Dr. Amjad Hameed
Development of rapid, sensitive and cost effectivedetection method of bacterial leaf blight and graindiscoloration disease complex of rice
PSF 3.01 Hafiz MuhammadImran Arshad
Identification of experimental hosts of cotton leaf curlvirus
PSF 6.13 Mr. Khalid P. Akhtar
Post harvest technology for the preservation of storedwheat grain against insect pests
PSF 1.46 Dr. MuhammadSarwar
Development of cost effective and potential biocontrolagents for area wide management of sucking pests inBt cotton
PSF 1.80 Dr. Naiza Suleman
Development of heat tolerant cotton varieties havingenhanced resilience against changing climatic scenario
PARC-ALP 12.70 Dr. Manzoor Hussain
Development of microbial-based strategies forbiocontrol of plant pathogens
PARC-ALP 6.82 Dr. Rubina Arshad
Induction and characterization of brown spot diseaseresistance in Basmati rice
PARC-ALP 5.51 Dr. M. Rashid
Development of salt tolerant citrus rootstocks throughgenomic approaches
PARC-ALP 5.80 Dr. Ehsan Ullah Khan
Genetic enhancement in Kabuli chickpea for high yieldand disease resistance
PARC-ALP 7.00 Ms. Hina Ali
Development of cotton germplasm/varietiesresistant/tolerant to newly emerging sucking insectpests
PARC-ALP 8.13 Dr. Sajjad Haider
Screening and development of high yielding heattolerant wheat genotypes
PARC-ALP 8.50 Dr. Babar M. Atta
Improvement of chickpea for drought and frost stressusing matabolomics and geonomics assisted breeding
PARC-ALP 6.50 Dr. Sobia Ikram
Genomics and metabolomics assisted breeding for frostand drought tolérance in chickpea
PARC-ALP - Dr. Sobia Ikram
Management of economically important tomatodiseases, using environment friendly chemicals andplant extracts
PARC-ALP 6.00 Dr. Nighat Sarwar
Rearing and ecological studies of egg parasitoidsTrichogramma for biological control of lepidopterouspests of okra, cauliflower and tomato
PARC-ALP 2.60 Dr. Sajid Nadeem
Integrated management of fruit flies (Tephritidae:Diptera) in fruits and vegetables
PARC-ALP 3.00 Dr. MuhammadSarwar
Sustainable integrated management of whitefly incotton: Insect growth regulators (IGRS) and biologicalcontrol, the Environment Friendly Approaches
PARC-ALP 6.00 Dr. Nazia Suleman
Appendices
Annual Report 2013Activity
34
Baseline susceptibility, resistance monitoring oflepidopteran pests to cotton varieties of Cry IAC andtheir resistance management
PARC-ALP 10.20 Dr. Rashid AhmadKhan
Management of cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn.by implementation of insecticide resistancemanagement strategies
PARC-ALP 9.10 Dr. Rashid AhmadKhan
Management of post harvest losses in maize: Aflatoxin:Pest Activity
PARC-ALP 9.80 Mrs. Asia Riaz
Pathogenic and genetic variability in Bipolaris oryzae
causing Brown Spot Disease of Rice.PARC-ALP 4.52 Hafiz M. Imran
ArshadStudies on the remediation of mineral born disorders inlivestock
PARC-ALP 4.70 Mr. Mujahid Hussain
Microbial production of amino acids from agro -industrial waste and their role in poultry feed
PARC-ALP 5.00 Dr. Shahid Nadeem
Development of locally prepared progresteronesponges for estrus synchronization methods to improvereproductive performance of buffalo
PARC-ALP 6.49 Ms. Rehana Kauser
Monitoring of veterinary drug residues in animal -derived food (livestock, poultry & aquaculture)
PARC-ALP 4.50 Mr. M. IsmailChughtai
Isolation, molecular characterization andepidemiological investigation of highly pathogenicNewcastle disease virus
PARC-ALP 5.50 Mr. M. SalahuddinShah
Studies on the effect of feeding Bt Cotton based animalfeeds on the production and reproduction of livestock
PARC-ALP 5.20 Hafiz NoubaharHussain
Economics of farming under drip irrigation and itsadoption: Empirical Investigations from differentfarming systems
PARC-ALP 2.70 Dr. M. Asif Kamran
Integrated management of brinjal fruit and shoot borerwith emphasis on biological control
PARC-ALP 4.50 Dr. MuhammadHamed
Control of excessive fruit drop and improvement inyield and quality of kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata
Blanco.) through management of plant nutrients andgrowth regulators
PARC-ALP 5.41 Dr. M. Yasin Ashraf
Development of high yielding drought tolerant cottonvarieties using physiological/ molecular strategies
PARC-ALP 5.38 Dr. M. Yasin Ashraf
Development of vegetatively propagated and earlygraftable citrus root stock ( Jatti Khatti) nursery throughmicrobial/ chemical interventions
PARC-ALP 4.20 Dr. Asma Hassan
Bioremediation of brackish and polluted irrigationwaters of the salt-affected lands by bio-retention cellsand the sugar factory wastes
PARC-ALP 11.00 Dr. M. Ashraf
Integrated biological and chemical approaches forrehabilitation and maximizing productivity of degradedsoils through cultivation of salt and drought tolerantplants
PARC-ALP 4.00 Mr. Abdul RasulAwan
Integrated herbicide use for sustainable weedmanagement in limited water rice production systems
PARC-ALP 4.50 Dr. M. Saleem
Augmenting foliar feeding for enhancing wheat yield PARC-ALP 3.00 Dr. Tariq M . QureshiSelenium Biofortified wheat: Low cost biofortificationstrategies to improve human nutrition
PARC-ALP 3.90 Mr. Nadeem Sarwar
Developing guidelines for improving water useefficiency and testing of locally developed watersoluble fertilizers under drip irrigation system forvarious crops
PARB 5.872 Mr. Zafar Iqbal
Appendices
35
Annual Report 2013ActivityAppendices
ii. Farmers' Days
Demonstration on use of Phosphoric acid as P fertilizer to the farmers
36
Annual Report 2013ActivityAppendices
iii.Training Courses and Workshops
37
Annual Report 2013ActivityAppendices
Plant Breeding & GeneticsDivision
Plant Protection Division
Dr. Tariq M. Shah , PS/HoD
Dr.S.M.Sarwar A. Anjum , DCS
Dr. Nasim Akhtar , DCS
Dr. Manzoor Hussain , PS
Dr. M. Yussouf Saleem, PS
Dr. Rubina Arshad , PS
Dr. Muhammad Asghar, PS
Ms. Hina Ali, PS
Dr. Muhammad Rashid, PS
Dr. Ehsan Ullah Khan, PS
Dr. Sajjad Haider, PS
Mr. Mahmood ul Hassan, PS
Dr. Zia ul Qamar, PS
Dr. Amjad Hameed, PS
Dr. Babar Manzoor Atta, SS
Dr. M. Kashif Riaz Khan, SS
Dr. Muhammad Ashraf , SS
Mr. Ghulam Abbas, SS
Dr. M. Jawad Asghar, SS
Dr. Sobia Ikram, SS
Dr. Qumer Iqbal, SS
Miss. Noreen Bibi, JS*
Mr. Abdul Rehman Khan, JS*
Miss Aqsa Tabasum, JS*
Hafiz Mumtaz Hassan, JS
Mr. Sajid Shokat, JS
Dr. Nighat Sarwar, DCS/HoD
Dr. Sajid Nadeem, PS
Dr. Muhammad Sarwar, PS
Dr. Nazia Suleman, PS
Dr. Rashid Ahmad Khan, PS
Dr. M. Rafique Asi, PS
Mr. Khalid Pervaiz Akhtar, PS
Mrs. Asia Riaz, SS
Mrs. Sumaira Yousaf, SS
Hafiz M. Imran Arshad, SS
Mr. Noor Abid Saeed, JS
Mr. Kamran Saleem, JS
- -
- -
38
Annual Report 2013Activity
iv. Scientists/Administration
Dr. Muhammad Hamed, DCS/Director
Soil Science Division
Animal Sciences Division
Technical Services Division
Dr. Khalid Mahmood, DCS/HoD
Dr. Javed Akhtar, CS
Dr. Tariq Mahmood, DCS
Mr. Zafar Iqbal, DCS
Dr. M. Yasin Ashraf (TI), DCS
Dr. Asma Hassan, PS
Dr. Muhammad Ashraf , PS
Dr. Muhammad Akhtar**, PS
Mr. Abdul Rasul Awan, PS
Dr. Zafar Iqbal , PS
Miss Asia Gulnaz, SS
Mr. Muhammad Yaqub, SS
Dr. Muhammad Saleem, SS
Dr. Rehmat Ali, SS
Mr. Muhammad Rizwan, SS
Mr. Wajid Ishaque, SS
Mrs. Shermeen Tahir*, SS
Mr. Asif Naeem, JS
Dr. Muhammad Atif Riaz, JS
Mr. Nadeem Sarwar, JS/FM
Mr. Sabir Ali Sabir, ARO
Mr. Sami Ullah, ARO (Contract)
Mr. Mujahid Hussain, PS/HoD
Dr. Shahid Nadeem, PS
Dr. Uzma Maqbool, PS
Mrs. Rehana Kausar, SS
Dr. Mudasser Habib, SS
Mr. M. Ismail Chughtai, SS
Mr. M. Salah-ud-Din Shah, JS
Mrs. Shumaila Yousaf, JS
Hafiz Noubahar Hussain, JS
Mr. Tarique Hussain*, JS
Mr. Masood-ul Hasan, PE/HoD
Mr. Arfan Waheed, PS
Dr. Naeem Ahmad, SS
Mr. Jafar Hussain, SS
Dr. M. Asif Kamran, SS
Mr. Muhammad Akram, ARO
-
Administration
Abbreviations
Mr. Sajjad Mahmud, Pr.A
Lt. Col. (R) Abrar Hussain Shah,OC 765 (I) Bn SSF
Mr. Rashid S. Awan, SAO/HLAO
Mr. Zulfiqar Ali, AO
Mr. M. Shahid Iqbal, PSO
Mr. Tahir Mahmood, AdO
Mr. M. Riaz Kausar, AAO
Mr. Muhammad Ilyass, AL
AAO: Assistant Accounts Officer
AdO: Administrative Officer
AL: Assistant Librarian
AO: Accounts Officer
ARO: Assistant Research Officer
DCS: Deputy Chief Scientist
FM: Farm Manager
HLAO: Head, Local Account Office
HoD: Head of Division
JS: Junior Scientist
PE: Principal Engineer
Pr.A : Principal Administrator
PS: Principal Scientist
SAO: Senior Accounts Officer
SS: Senior Scientist
* on study leave
** on post doctoral studies
Appendices
39
Annual Report 2013Activity
v. Promotions
S.# Name From To On
1. Dr. Javed Akhtar Dy. Chief Scientist Chief Scientist 01-12-2013
2. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013
3. Dr. Nazia Suleman Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013
4. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Khan Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013
5. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013
6. Dr. M. Rafique Asi Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013
7. Mr. Mahmood-ul-Hassan Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013
8. Dr. Zia-ul-Qamar Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013
9. Dr. Amjad Hameed Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013
10. Mr. Khalid Pervaiz Akhtar Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013
11. Dr. Qumer Iqbal Jr. Scientist Sr. Scientist 01-12-2013
vi. Transfers/Postings
S.# Name and Designation From To On
1. Mrs. Um-e-Robab, SS NIAB, Faisalabad PINSTECH, Islamabad 20-05-2013
2. Dr. Tariq M. Qureshi, SS NIAB, Faisalabad PINSTECH, Islamabad 16-12-2013
3. Mr. Muhammad Asif,
Sr. LibrarianNIAB, Faisalabad AEMC, Lahore 20-12-2013
4. Mr. Muhammad Ilyass, Asstt
Librarian
PINSTECH,
IslamabadNIAB, Faisalabad 24-12-2013
vii. Appointments
S.# Name Designation Date
1. Mr. Nadeem Sarwar Jr. Scientist 30-05-2013
2. Dr. Sobia Ikram Sr. Scientist 10-06-2013
3. Mr. Sami Ullah ARO (Contract) 05-09-2013
viii. Retirements
S.# Name Designation Date
1. Dr. Shahnaz A.Khanum DCS/Head ASD 01-07-2013
Appendices
40
Annual Activity Report 2013
ix. Visits of Local/Foreign Delegates
Visit of Chairman PAEC and other dignitaries at
Pakka Anna
Visit of Mr. Ali Boussaha, Director Tech.
Cooperation IAEA and Director (A&B)
Visit of Director Project Coordination PAEC HQ
Visit of Dr. James SASANYA, Tech. Officer IAEA
Visit of Dr. Surapong Sarkarung, Rice Scientist
from IRRI, Philippine
Visit of Chinese Scientists to cotton field
Appendices
41
Ch
air
s(L
-R
):
Sta
nd
ing
I(L
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):
Sta
nd
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II(L
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IAB
42
Tech
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Se
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Div
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Ad
min
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ati
on
Farm
Bra
nch
Acc
ou
nts
43
Annual Activity Report 2013Appendices
NIAB, P.O.Box 128, Jhang Road, Faisalabad
Tel: 0092 41 2654210; 9201751-69; Fax: 9201776
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.niab.org.pk