NIAB · 2014-06-25 · NIAB Annual Activity Report Editors Dr. Muhammad Hamed DCS/Director Dr. Khalid Mahmood DCS/Head SSD Dr. Nighat Sarwar DCS/Head PPD Dr. Tariq Mahmud Shah PS/Head

2013

NIAB

Annual ActivityReport

Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology

FAISALABAD – PAKISTAN

NIAB

Annual Activity Report

Editors

Dr. Muhammad Hamed DCS/Director

Dr. Khalid Mahmood DCS/Head SSD

Dr. Nighat Sarwar DCS/Head PPD

Dr. Tariq Mahmud Shah PS/Head PBGD

Mr. Mujahid Hussain PS/Head ASD

Mr. Jafar Hussain SS TSD

Mr. Muhammad Imran SA-II

Compiled by

2013

Acronyms and Abbreviations

AARI Ayub Agriculture Research Institute

ALP Agricultural Linkages Program

ASD Animal Sciences Division

AZRI Arid Zone Research Institute

*BC Back Cross , Back Cross , …

BLB Bacterial Leaf Blight

BSRS Bio-saline Research Station

Bt Bacillus thuringiensis

CAYT Chickpea Advance Yield Trial

CCYT Chickpea Cooperative Yield Trial

CLCuV Cotton Leaf Curl Virus

CMS Cytoplasmic Male Sterility

CMV Cucumber Mosaic Virus

DAP Di-Ammonium Phosphate

EC Electrical Conductivity

ETL Economic Threshold Level

*F Filial , Filial ,…

FMD Foot-and-Mouth Disease

GOT Ginning Out Turn

HS Haemorrhagic Septicemia

IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency

ICARDA International Center for Agricultural

Research in Dry Areas

IKI Iodine-Potassium Iodide

IPM Integrated Pest Management

KSK Kalla Shah Kaku

LSK Low Seeded Kinnow

1,2,… 1 2

1,2,… 1 2

*M Mutant , Mutant ,…

MAP Methyl Acetoxy Progesterone

NCVT National Coordinated Varietal Trial

NIAB Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and

Biology

NIBGE National Institute for Biotechnology

and Genetic Engineering

NM NIAB Mung

NURYTs National Uniform Rice Yield Trials

PAEC Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

PARB Punjab Agricultural Research Board

PARC Pakistan Agricultural Research

Council

PBGD Plant Breeding & Genetics Division

PCCT Provincial Coordinated Cotton Trial

PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction

PIEAS Pakistan Institute of Engineering &

Applied Sciences

PPD Plant Protection Division

PRI Pulses Research Institute (AARI)

PSC Punjab Seed Council

PSF Pakistan Science Foundation

RWC Relative Water Content

SPP Single Plant Progenies

SSD Soil Science Division

*Subscript indicates generation number

1,2,… 1 2

C O N T E N T S

I. PLANT BREEDING AND GENETICS DIVISION............................................................................... 1

Cotton ......................................................................................................................................... 1

Rice..............................................................................................................................................2

Chickpea...................................................................................................................................... 3

Mungbean................................................................................................................................... 4

Lentil............................................................................................................................................ 5

Vegetable (Tomato) .................................................................................................................... 6

Marker Assisted Breeding ........................................................................................................... 7

Radiation Safety Services ............................................................................................................ 8

II. PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ................................................................................................... 9

IPM/Biological Control ................................................................................................................ 9

Insect and Food Toxicology....................................................................................................... 11

Plant Virology & Host Plant Resistance .................................................................................... 12

Fungal and Bacterial Diseases................................................................................................... 14

III. SOIL SCIENCE DIVISION ............................................................................................................ 16

Bio-saline Agriculture................................................................................................................ 16

Plant Nutrient Management..................................................................................................... 18

Water Use Efficiency .................................................................................................................20

IV. ANIMAL SCIENCES DIVISION .................................................................................................... 22

V. SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 27

VI. PUBLICATIONS .........................................................................................................................28

VII. APPENDICES............................................................................................................................32

i. Research Projects............................................................................................................... 32

ii. Farmers’ days .....................................................................................................................35

iii. Training Courses and Workshops........................................................................................36

iv. Scientists/Administration ................................................................................................... 38

v. Promotions .........................................................................................................................39

vi. Transfers/Postings .............................................................................................................. 39

vii. Appointments .................................................................................................................... 39

viii. Retirements ....................................................................................................................... 39

ix. Visits of Local/Foreign Delegates.......................................................................................... 40

FO R E W O R D

Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) is widely recognized as a premier institute at

national and international level for introducing new crop varieties and technologies in agriculture

sector since 1972. Its high quality research focusing state of the art infrastructure, modern equipments

and highly qualified scientists signifies its image in all agriculture/research institutions and universities

of the country.

Food security of ever-increasing population is the instrument of self defence and existence of

the country. NIAB has a special focus on such research disciplines as Plant Breeding and

Genetics, Soil Science, Plant Protection and Animal Sciences. The research endeavors of Plant Breeding

and Genetics Division have so far culminated into a total release of 33 crop varieties, 12 of cotton, 3 of

rice, 5 of chickpea, 11 of mungbean and 2 of lentil. During 2013, four crop varieties were approved by

the Punjab Seed Council. Among these two non-Bt, NIAB-KIRAN & NIAB-112 and one Bt, IR-NIAB-824

cotton varieties have good yield potential, fiber characteristics and wider field adaptability. One coarse

rice variety, NIAB-Rice-2013 (RSP-2) has shown the maximum yield potential (100 Mds/acre) among all

other approved varieties with additional characteristics of high tolerance to drought and salinity. Soil

Science Division has been engaged in research to improve saline soils and brackish water for general

cultivation and irrigation purposes, respectively, with different techniques that involve

phytoremediation, enhancement in activity of micro-organisms, formulation of new fertilizers and

integrated approaches. Scientists of Plant Protection Division have focused on environment friendly

methods to control insect pests and diseases. They have established biological control laboratories for

mass production of important parasitoids and general predators that reduce the number of insecticides

in integration with other non-hazardous methods of IPM. Techniques have been initiated and

developed to colonize and acclimatize spiders (in captivity) that are potential arthropod generalize

predators. A number of advance crop germplasm has been screened out against insect pests and

diseases into susceptible, tolerant and resistant categories. Services to different stakeholders of

agriculture and food industries have been provided in analyzing samples for aflatoxins, insecticide

residues, micro and macro nutrients. In Animal Sciences Division emphasis has been given to improve

the health, nutrition and reproduction of animals. Efforts are being made to standardize the laboratory

facilities and accreditation of analysis of drug residues. Experiments have been planned in farm animals

for validation of estrus synchronization protocol (MAP sponges) developed at NIAB that initially have

proven helpful in the improvement of reproduction of livestock (buffalo/goat).

The scientists of NIAB are working as a team for contributing towards building up a positive

capital in the economic development of the country. The teamwork of NIAB scientists and staff

members is appreciable and acknowledged in the completion of the mission and objectives of the

institute and PAEC.

Therefore,

( )Dr. Muhammad HamedDirector

CottonApproval of NIAB-KIRAN, NIAB-112 & IR-NIAB-824

Three new varieties (NIAB-KIRAN, NIAB-112 and IR-NIAB-824)

were approved by the Punjab Seed Council (PSC) in 2013. NIAB-

KIRAN is a high yielding variety possessing fine quality fiber

traits (GOT 40.9%; fineness 4.6µg/inch; length 30.4mm;

strength 28.6g/tex; uniformity index 82.4% and maturity

81.1%). It makes higher counts yarn depicting the lowest value

(7.9) for short fiber index (SFI) in comparison with other

cultivars MNH-886 (11.0), TORZAN (10.1) and IR-3701 (10.5).

NIAB-112 is a high yielding variety possessing tolerance to

CLCuD, heat and enhanced lint potential (39.0%) with fine

quality fiber traits (fineness 4.7µg/inch; length 29mm; strength 33.0g/tex). IR-NIAB-824 is high yielding

Bt variety with gene (Mon-531) and has resistance to American boll worm and tolerance to

CLCuV. It has desirable fiber quality traits (GOT 42.7%; length 28.9mm; fiber fineness 4.9µg/inch;

uniformity index 82.7%; maturity 83% and strength 98.3 TPPSI (Thousand Pounds Per Square Inch)). It

also has a desirable average Bt concentration of 1.651 µg/g of fresh leaf weight.

Cry1Ac

1

Annual Activity Report 2013Plant Breeding and Genetics

I. PLANT BREEDING AND GENETICS DIVISION

A field view of NIAB-KIRAN

A field view of NIAB-112 A field view of IR-NIAB-824

Scientists of Plant Breeding and Genetics Division

Varietal maintenance and pure seed production

Spot examination of candidate Bt variety NIAB Bt-1

Selection of true breeding lines and single plants in segregating generations


Approval of a coarse rice variety NIAB Rice-2013

A total of 1055 kg seed of approved varieties (NIAB-846, NIAB-777, NIAB-852, NIAB-111, NIAB-KIRAN,

NIAB-112 and IR-NIAB-824) was provided to progressive growers and seed distribution agencies.

Spot examination of NIAB Bt-1 was conducted by the PSC Technical Expert Sub-Committee and was

recommended for further pre-approval procedures.

Out of 23 Bt lines, NIAB-1-5 produced the highest seed cotton yield (3869 kg/ha)followed by NIAB-4-61

(3074 kg/ha) as compared to MNH-886 (2818 kg/ha). A number of selections were made in different Bt

generations i.e., F (194), F (53), F (20) and F (140) and in mutated generations (M -M and F /M ).

Seeds of Bt-gene background were collected from F generation of 57 crosses and planted in F

generation for the selection of desirable segregates. To create genetic variation, nineteen crosses were

evaluated in F generation with gene background.

A total of 300 kg pre-basic seed of approved variety NIAB-Irri-9

was provided to the PSC, Sahiwal and other growers.

7 6 5 2 4 8 3 3

1 2

1 Cry1Ac

Rice

Punjab Seed Council approved a high yielding variety of coarse

rice NIAB Rice-2013 (RSP-2). This variety was developed using

Carbon Isotope Discrimination, an excellent indirect tool, to

identify crop plants for mega environments (low, medium and

well water availability areas). It is a drought, salinity and heat

tolerant rice variety. The variety has yield potential of 10000

kg/ha and has shown an average of 6805 kg/ha at farmers' fields.

On saline soils (ECe 13 dS/m) it showed 13% higher yield than

standard variety and can thrive up to soil salinity level of 16

dS/m. This variety is an outcome of the joint efforts of Soil

Science and Plant Breeding and Genetics Divisions.

Basmati mutant EF 1-30-39-04 yielded 3827 kg/ha paddy as

compared to standard Super Basmati (3786 kg/ha) in the

national trials (NURYTs) on country basis. This mutant is short

stature and early maturing (1-2 weeks) as compared to standard

Super Basmati.

Seven mutants of Basmati 370 were evaluated for yield along with standard Super Basmati. Of these,

mutants 201003, 201019 and 201002 produced higher paddy yield (4214, 4210 and 4111 kg/ha,

respectively) as compared to standard (3708 kg/ha). These mutants had comparable plant height with

standard early flowering (94-109 days) than Super Basmati (116 days) and long grains. From

recombinants, 1175 produced higher paddy yield (5007 kg/ha) as compared to Basmati 515 (4082

kg/ha). This recombinant has longer paddy length, two week early flowering and short stature as

compared to Basmati 515.

Evaluation of elite lines in station/national yield trials

2

Annual Report 2013ActivityPlant Breeding and Genetics

A field view of NIAB-Irri-9

A field view of NIAB Rice-2013

Sixteen mutants (derivatives of Basmati 370), along with Basmati Pak and standard Super Basmati were

evaluated in different sets for their yield performance and other agronomic traits. The mutants 201022

and 2010110 produced higher paddy yield (5070 and 4097 kg/ha, respectively) as compared to

standard (3401 kg/ha). The mutant 201022 is one week earlier in flowering and at par with standard in

height whereas the mutant 2010110 is at par in flowering with standard and shorter in height. Both the

mutants have long paddy.

Eleven mutants induced in EF 1-20-119-02 were evaluated in two sets of yield trials along with standard

Super Basmati. Of these, four mutants (1110, 1115, 1122 and 1121) produced higher paddy yield (4545,

4403, 4244 and 4220 kg/ha, respectively) as compared to standard (3815 kg/ha). These mutants had

short stature and paddy lengths at par with the standard.

Thirty recombinants from different crosses were evaluated in different sets of yield trials along with

standard Super Basmati. Of these, recombinants 1153, 1151, 1145, 1142 and 1135 produced higher

paddy yield (4922, 4731, 4653, 4239 and 4076 kg/ha, respectively) as compared to standard (3820

kg/ha). These recombinants have long paddy lengths, with flowering time and plant heights at par/or

less as compared to the standard.

Out of six salt tolerant (8-10 dS/m) coarse rice lines, IR84675-58-4-1-B-B was selected based on 5-10%

higher yield and 1-2 week earliness over standard KSK-133. The mutant RD-25-138-1 and three

recombinants (RH-195-22-1, RH-198-13-1 and RH-216-18-2) were selected based on 20% higher yield

over check KSK-133. These lines also showed adaptability to limited water conditions.

Several crosses were attempted between putative coarse rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile (CMS) lines and

inbred lines of coarse and basmati types. Most of the lines showed restorer behavior except IR-9.

Several CMS lines were isolated from rice hybrids (RH-195, RH-198 and RH-216) using IKI (Iodine

potassium iodide) test.

Out of 337 F plants screened for low phytic acid ( ) trait, 65 showed 30-40% improvement in

germination. Line 30 showed 20% better germination over rest of the lines. About 20 molecular markers

were tested for association with low phytate trait in BC F generation.

Several hundred recombinants/mutants developed from different cross combinations made among

different mutants and varieties in different generations (F -F ) and from mutagenized generations (M -

M ) of Basmati 370, Basmati-515, Super Basmati, EF-39 and RD-25 were selected on the basis of

improved plant and yield/grain characteristics. Fifty four mutants of Basmati 370 exhibited tolerance to

bacterial leaf blight disease against the most virulent isolates found in Punjab.

To create variability through induced mutations and hybridization, seeds were collected from fifty four

crosses made among different induced mutants and commercial varieties/accessions, and from M

generations of Basmati 370, Super Basmati, EF-39 and RD-25.

Hybrid seed program

Transfer/molecular characterization of low phytate trait



2

1 2

4 2 4

2

1

Lpa

Xoo

Chickpea

A total of 1250 kg and 254 kg pre-basic seed of approved varieties CM2008 and CM98, respectively, was

produced for supply to the growers/seed corporations.

3


Evaluation of elite mutants/recombinant lines at

station/multilocation yield trials


Evaluation of elite lines in station/national yield trials

Out of 14 desi recombinants, CM156/05 stood first producing

13% higher yield over check, Pb 2008 in the national trials

followed by CH38/04 which scored 2 position producing 10%

higher yield over check. In kabuli trial, mutant CM 770/06 gave

10.6% higher yield over check, Noor 2009 followed by CM-

1528/03 which scored 2 position giving 5.2% higher yield

than check.

Sixteen desi and twelve kabuli lines were tested in advance

yield trial (CAYT). On the average of five locations, three desi lines produced 0.7-2.4% higher yield over

check Bhakkar-2011 and two kabuli lines (CH45/07 and CH51/07) gave 2.8-3.1% higher yield over check

Noor 2009.

Out of 7 desi lines, three gave higher yield over check in irrigated and in Barani conditions in the

cooperative trial (CCYT) conducted at five locations. From seven kabuli lines, CM888/06 gave 5.2%

higher yield over check CM2008 at nine locations under rainfed conditions.

From seventy six desi and fifty kabuli mutants/recombinants evaluated in preliminary trials, ten desi

and fourteen kabuli were selected based on better yield performance.

Out of 55 advance lines in NIAB wilt and blight nurseries, 15 lines were found resistant to wilt followed

by 24 tolerant; 19 lines were found tolerant to blight. Out of 61 lines of ICARDA LITP trial, 4 lines were

found highly resistant to wilt followed by 20 resistant and 9 tolerant lines.

From sixty lines evaluated for drought tolerance under lysimeter and rainfed conditions, thirty five were

selected on the basis of higher yield and physiological indices as compared to checks. These genotypes

showed positive correlation towards yield under adverse drought, temperature and moisture stress.

From these lines, twenty five lines (13 kabuli and 12 desi) evaluated in multilocation trials (PRI, AZRI,

Kallur Kot, Rukh Uttra, Bahawalpur, Fateh Jang, Sahowali and NIAB) under rainfed conditions were

selected for preliminary trials. Out of sixty genotypes studied for physiological parameters (cell

membrane stability, germination, plant height, root length and dry matter) under polyethylene glycol

(PEG), fourteen lines were found tolerant followed by twenty moderately tolerant and 6 were

susceptible. From 53 cross combinations, 47 crosses showed more than 50 % success.

Survey of Thal area during 2012-2013 revealed that the crop was quite better than the previous year

whereas less damage of wilt and root rot diseases was found due to timely seasonal heavy rains. No

blight symptoms were observed in Thal and Pothohar regions.

A total of 239 kg seed of NM 2006 and 781 kg of NM 2011 was

produced for sale to PSC, public/private seed companies and

growers.

From thirteen elite lines evaluated in adaptation trials at NIAB,

PSC Farm, Khanewal, Gram Breeding Research Station, Kallur

Kot and Agronomic Research Station Karor, Layyah, NM 05-1-3

nd

nd

Mungbean

4


NIAB breeders visiting chickpea lines

NIAB breeders visiting mungbean lines

produced the highest seed yield of 1138 kg/ha (15% higher) followed by 1087 kg/ha (10% higher) from

NMH 252/03 and 1074 kg/ha (9% higher) from NM 3960-88-22 as compared to the standard NM 2011

(992 kg/ha).

A total of 160 and 60 kg pre-basic seed of NIAB Masoor 2002 and NIAB Masoor 2006, respectively, was

produced for sale to different quality seed producing agencies and progressive growers.

In the national trials, NL 9877 produced higher seed yield (1101 kg/ha) as compared to standard Punjab

Masoor 2009 (1093 kg/ha). NLH 061815 produced the highest seed yield of 1023 kg/ha (12% higher) as

compared to Punjab Masoor 2009 (915 kg/ha) and 16% higher than Markaz 2009 (885 kg/ha) in

adaptation trials. In advance yield trial, NLM 09007 and NLH 0331742 produced the highest seed yields

of 2270 kg/ha (49% and 56% higher) and 2180 kg/ha (43% and 50% higher) as compared to Punjab

Masoor 2009 (1528 kg/ha) and Markaz 2009 (1451 kg/ha), respectively. NLM 033835 and NLH 11206

produced the highest seed yield of 1527 kg/ha (37% and 43% higher) and 1616 kg/ha (45% and 52%

higher) as compared to 1115 kg/ha and 1068 kg/ha obtained from Punjab Masoor 2009 and Markaz

2009, respectively, in preliminary trial. In screening nursery, genotypes NLH 12202 and NLH 12197

produced the highest seed yield (2000 and 1970 kg/ha, respectively) as compared to standards Punjab

Masoor 2009 (1542 kg/ha) and Markaz 2009 (1125 kg/ha).

Based on more number of pods and disease resistance, 233 true breeding lines and 981 single plants

were selected from different hybrid/mutated generations. Fifteen high yielding and disease resistant

genotypes were selected from nursery-1. From screening nursery-2, sixty high yielding and disease

resistant lentil genotypes were selected from 230 genotypes. For the creation of genetic variability,

sixteen F hybrids, M and F /M generations were raised, and twelve fresh crosses were attempted.

Among twenty two genotypes evaluated in advance yield trial-I, MH 3153/03 produced the highest

seed yield of 1294 kg/ha (5% higher) as compared with 1233

kg/ha obtained from standard NM-2011. In advance yield trial-

II, MMH 21235/04 produced the highest seed yield of 1318

kg/ha (3% higher) as compared to standard NM-2011 (1280

kg/ha). In preliminary yield trial-I, MMH 15135/04 produced

the highest seed yield of 1464 kg/ha (10% higher) as compared

to 1333 kg/ha of standard NM 2011. From preliminary yield

trial-II, genotype MH 10001 produced the highest seed yield of

1435 kg/ha (4% higher) than the standard NM 2011. Out of

fifteen genotypes evaluated in screening nursery, genotype MH

10002 produced the highest seed yield of 1655 kg/ha (9%

higher) as compared to standard NM 2011 (1526 kg/ha).

Fifty six true breeding mutants/recombinants were selected based on more number and length of pods

and disease resistance. 843 single plants were selected from different hybrid/mutated generations. To

create genetic variability, M generation of three varieties/genotypes was raised.



1

Lentil

Performance of elite genotypes in adaptation/station yield trials


1 1 2 1

5


NIAB breeders visiting lentil lines

Vegetable (Tomato)

Performance of F hybrids of tomato

Performance of true breeding lines/segregating generations of tomato

1

In multi-location trial, hybrid LB2 x Nagina (for field farming) scored 2

position at Sheikhupura and 3 position at Faisalabad and Multan. The

average yield of this hybrid ranged from 23.4 to 31.5 t/ha as compared

to standard hybrid T-1359 (23.9 to 29.4 t/ha). In micro yield trial,

hybrids Rio-mutant 400 x Peto-86 and B25 x Riogrande produced higher

yields (5.2 and 5.1 kg/plant, respectively) as compared to standard (4.5

kg/plant). From 26 determinate F hybrids, the hybrid Nagina x LB1 had the highest yield (5.4 kg/plant)

over standard hybrids Advanta-1209 and Anas (3.8 kg/plant) followed by LB3 x Nagina (4.8 kg/plant),

LB2 x Nagina (4.6 kg/plant), Nagina x LB4 and Nagina x LB2 (4.5 kg/plant) and LB7 x Nagina (4.4 kg/plant)

while the hybrid Nagina x V3 excelled the standard hybrid Advanta-1209 (4.0 kg/plant) producing 6.0

kg/plant yield and 50% heterosis followed by Nagina x V6 (5.6 kg/plant and 40% heterosis), Nagina x V5

(5.3 kg/plant and 33% heterosis), Nagina x V10 (5.3 kg/plant and 33% heterosis) and Nagina x V1 (5.0

kg/plant and 25% heterosis).

Female x male interaction affixed the highest place by 48% for late

blight and 84% for early blight in crosses made following line x tester

mating. Riogrande, LB2 and LB7 were observed good general

combiners for early blight while Roma and LB3 for late blight. Two high

yielding hybrids Roma x LB3 and Roma x LB4 tolerant to late blight, and

Riogrande x LB2 tolerant to early blight under field conditions were

selected based on their performance, specific combining ability and

commercial heterosis. The SCAR marker clearly differentiated the

tolerant parents (LB3 and LB4) from susceptible genotype Roma and

the hybrid T-1359 for late blight gene Ph-3 and in hybrids Roma x LB4 and Roma x LB3. Several F hybrids

(TMS1 x Naqeeb, TMS1 x MM, TMS1 x B23, TMS1 x B25 and TMS1 x Peto-86) showed better tolerance to

CMV as compared to standard hybrids T-1359 and Salar.

Out of 30 advanced lines, AL-6 showed 37% increase in yield (4.1 kg/plant) followed by AL-1 (3.9

kg/plant), AL-7 (3.6 kg/plant) and NT-3 (3.5 kg/plant). Out of 51 exotic lines, 13 lines gave 4.3 to 7.4

kg/plant yield compared to standard Naqeeb (3.1 kg/plant). Several mutants/recombinants were

selected in different generations (3 in F /M and 41 in F /M , 13 determinate and 16 indeterminate

growth habit in F /M , 19 indeterminate in F /M , 14 determinate and 22 indeterminate in F ) based on

their higher yield potential. 309 determinate mutants possessing higher yield and other plant traits

were selected in M populations of variety B25.

Of 35, 5 pure lines (NT-2, Nagina, NT-18, NT-5 and LB3) showed tolerance to heat based on physiological

indices. AL-8 showed tolerance to heat with cell membrane thermo-stability index of 58.8 followed by

Pakit (43.5), AL-3 (33.6) and NT-18 (30.8).

Moreover, 45 male sterile lines carrying functional male sterile gene ( ) were selected in F

generation.

Two hundred and eight crosses were attempted to produce new recombinants for higher yield,

extended shelf life, and tolerance to heat, blight and cucumber mosaic virus. Of 550 lines/hybrids, 60

were selected for tolerance to early and late blight, and shoestring disease. A new male line 'MST1' with

nd

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6 6 5 5

4 4 3 3 2

2

5ps-2

6


Tomato hybrid (LB-2xNagina)

Male Sterile Tomato – 1

Sporogenous

Neocosmospora vasinfecta

Fusarium oxysporum F. solani F. nygamai

sterility was identified. This line is completely sterile with stable gene action, easy to

maintain and crossable under local conditions.

The low seeded kinnow (LSK) plants treated with 50mg/l GA

showed the lowest fruit drop (11%) as compared to control (49%).

Under this treatment, the maximum fruit weight (174g), volume

(186ml), diameter (74mm), length (60mm), TSS (11%), and

TSS/Acidity (16%) were noted as compared to control (151g,

162ml, 71mm, 58mm, 11% and 11%, respectively).

The plants treated with foliar spray of 1.5% CaCl + 0.6mM SA +

30ppm NAA + 30ppm GA produced maximum fruit weight

(170g), fruit volume (181ml), fruit diameter (74), fruit length (62mm), juice (56%), TSS (12%), and

TSS/Acidity (13%) as compared to control (123g, 136 ml, 65 mm, 54 mm, 55%, 11%, and 12%,

respectively).

Plants with high bearing fruit and excellent vigour with low seed number (0-3 seeds) were grafted to

develop new elite lines/clones. LSK plants were multiplied by grafting 1500 rough lemon rootstock

plants in the current season with 78% success rate.

Two recombinants (EF-11 x OS-6 and IR-56 x WAB-56-104)

performed well under water stress producing 39% and 53%,

respectively, higher yield than parents. EF-11 x OS-6 showed

maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) ( 0.83) as compared

to control (<0.80).

Seven isolates of (wilt causing

pathogen), collected from Thal area, were characterized using

molecular markers (URP and RAPD) and conventional techniques.

Pathogenicity test distinguished them into highly aggressive (1), aggressive (5) and least aggressive (1)

with low genetic diversity among these isolates showing free flow of genetic material in these areas.

Sequencing and restriction enzyme pattern of twenty nine fungal isolates, collected from diseased

samples in Thal and Thar areas, has distinguished the isolates into four categories forming wilt complex

mainly of , & .

Phytohormone-mediated improvements in kinnow mandarin ( Blanco) for better

yield and quality

Evaluation of rice for water stress tolerance

Evaluation of bacterial metabolites in rice

Characterization of fungal pathogens in chickpea

Citrus reticulata

3

2

3

Marker Assisted Breeding

≥

Basmati 370 produced 39% higher yield when inoculated with

bacterial strain while genotype WAB-56-104-

M-I, inoculated with and ,

produced higher yields (17% and 25%, respectively) as compared

to control.

Serratia marcescens

Pseudomonas aurantiaca S. marcescens

7


Water stress tolerantrice hybrids

SCAR marker profiles ofparents and F hybrids1

High bearing Kinnow mutant

Characterization of tomato hybrids

Fingerprinting of mungbean and mashbean recombinants

Fingerprinting of NIAB LSK mutants

Different markers including RAPDs (10), SCAR (01), EST-SSR (01) and

SSR (46) were applied to F hybrids along with parents for

confirmation of late blight resistance gene (Ph-3) in the parents and

its transfer to the hybrids. The SCAR marker differentiated the

tolerant parents (LB3 and LB4) from the susceptible Roma and T-

1359. The SCAR marker confirmed the transfer and presence of late

blight resistance gene Ph-3 in two hybrids (Roma x LB4 and Roma x

LB3).

For confirmation of the introgression of mashbean genome into

mungbean background, 16 out of 36 recombinants (mungbean x

mashbean) were selected with one or more male parent specific

marker using RAPD, URPs and SSR markers for further evaluation.

Using URP primers, three out of eight primers differentiated the

NIAB LSK mutant from six other genotypes collected from different

citrus growing areas.

A total of 2050 samples were irradiated with different doses to create color variations in the ornamental

plants. The total suspended solids, pH and EC decreased whereas dissolved oxygen increased at 40-50

KGy gamma doses in waste water samples collected from textile industries. Poly vinyl alcohol aided

methyl red and methyl blue dye films were tested at different doses for color change and found to be the

best indicator of 100-200 KGy. The shelf life of ginger extended up to 60 days with irradiation at ambient

temperature. Low radioactivity isotopes ( C, P and I) from NIAB/NIBGE were treated for disposal

according to the IAEA protocol. The exposure files of NIAB/NIBGE irradiation workers were maintained

and radiation absorbed dose ranged 0.50-0.25 msv/year. For export purposes, twenty four radiation

certificates were issued to various national companies.

1

Radiation Safety Services

14 32 125

Mungbean and mashbean parentsand recombinants using URP-33

primer. Lane:1-3 mungbean parents,Lane:4-6 mashbean parents, Lane:7-

21 recombinants, M: DNA ladderiVDye 50bp (GenDEPOT)

URP-33 marker: Lane 1-5 NIABmutant, 6-Gojra, 7-Toba, 8-9

Samundri, 10-Sargodha, 11-Sillanwali,M: Marker

8


IPM/Biological Control

Rearing of predatory ladybird beetles

i) Preference of live and frozen aphids for mass rearing of

ii) Predation upon mealybugs

Comparison of different larval diets for rearing of Indian meal moth,

Coccinella septempunctata

Plodia interpunctella

Suitability of live and frozen rose ( ) and mustard ( ) aphids was

checked to rear seven spotted ladybird beetle, when fed as normal or kept starved.

Results showed that beetle consumed more aphids of both species during 1 hour under starved and

unstarved conditions. However, it showed preference of frozen (6.2) over live aphids (2.4) under

starved conditions. Similar feeding preferences were shown by starved beetles when fed live or frozen

rose aphids.

Predation of ladybird beetles upon different developmental stages of mealybugs was studied under

starved or unstarved conditions. During the first hour of feeding, crawlers (1 instar) were preferred

over 2 and 3 instar mealybugs. Average consumption of starved beetle for mealybugs crawlers was

more (25.6) than unstarved (16.8).

Survey, collection and identification of different spider species in the vicinity of NIAB showed that most

of the specimens belong to family Araneidae that include , ,

, and . Six artificial diets were tested to rear . Results

showed that spiderlings survived upto 15-20 days but could not complete their development.

Suitability of larval diets for rearing of was studied. Reproductive period of adults was

prolonged (10.8 days) and fecundity increased (125 eggs/female) on maize mediated diet. However,

developmental period from egg to adult was longer (34.9 days) on oat mediated diet.

Macrosiphum rosae Lipaphis erysimi

C. septempunctata

Argiope bruennichi Araneus alsine Araneus

diadernatus Neoscona crucifera N. theisi N. theisi

P. interpunctella

st

st

nd rd

aphids

Rearing of predatory spiders

9

Annual Report 2013ActivityPlant Protection

II. PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION

Scientists of Plant Protection Division

Effect of low doses of irradiation on the reproductive parameters of Indian meal moth

Development of brinjal fruit borer,

Effect of low doses of irradiation on the reproductive parameters of showed thatfertility of adults was adversely affected as the irradiation dose increased from 5 to 15Gy. The number ofeggs per female at 5Gy (27) was more than 15Gy (13) and control (66).

Developmental parameters of brinjal fruit borer showed that its hatching period varied from 4 to 8 days.Larval and pupal duration ranged between 10-12 and 8-13 days, respectively. Total developmentalperiod ranged from 22 to 33 days. The longevity of males was shorter (3-5 days) than female (7-8 days)whereas, fecundity was 65 to 103 eggs per female.

P. interpunctella

Leucinodes orbonalis

Biological control based IPM in vegetables

i) Cauliflower

ii) Tomato

iii) Okra

IPM of fruit-flies

i) Host preference and offspring performance of parasitoid on fruit-fly

ii) Effect of neem ( ) oil on fruit-fly and its pupal parasitoid

IPM of mosquitoes

i) Population dynamics and biology of dengue vector Skuse and food preferences byBalb/C Albino mouse

The average infestation of in cauliflower ranged from 0.2 to 1 larva/plant (below ETL)during the month of December. In February, 4 releases of were made tomaintain the parasitoid population and to keep pest population below ETL. Fungicide ridomil wasapplied to combat the attack of fungus.

Average weekly population of aphid in tomato was 10.4/leaf (untreated control) as compared to4.3/leaf in treated plot (integration of 3 sprays of insecticide). Average fruit borer larval population was1.25/plant (untreated control) and 0.66 larvae/plant in treated plot (8 releases of andintegration of 3 insecticides). Comparatively high yield of tomato fruit was received by integration of 3sprays with bio-control agents than in untreated plots.

Weekly releases of bio-control agents ( ) were made to control fruit borers (and ) in Sabz Paree okra field. Infestation of was 0.6 to 5.3% and0.1 to 5.0% (below ETLs) during May-June. The highest population of jassid (25/leaf) was

recorded and managed by applying 3 consecutive insecticide sprays as compared to farmer practice(13-15 insecticide sprays).

For enhancing rearing of parasitoid (Silvestri) host preference and offspringperformance of its adults on various ages pupae of fruit-flies (Saunders) and

(Coquillett) were examined. The oviposition and offspring performance wereincreased by exposure of adult parasitoid to younger pupae (3 to 6 days old) ofdue to greater host size to obtain higher nutrition for successive growth of natural enemy as comparedwith pupae of .

Studies were carried out to assess the performance of botanical pesticide Neem oil at concentrations of0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% on pupae of as well as parasitism of treated pupae by adults of thepupae parasitoid . The emergence rates of adult flies and parasitoids were significantlydecreased at 2.0% neem oil.

Population of secondary dengue vector was noted heterogeneous throughout the yearand reached maximum in post monsoon season during October. Developmental period from egg layingto adult emergence was 13 days, and lifespan of male and female adults was 25 & 30 days, respectively.Food preference studies on Balb/C albino mouse used to culture mosquitoes for blood meal showed anenhanced feeding choice for rice grain over wheat or maize and had a reduced preference for gram.

Spodoptera lituraTrichogramma chilonis

T. chilonis

T. chilonis Helicoverpaarmigera Earias insulana H. armigera E.insulana

Dirhinus giffardiiBactrocera zonata

Bactrocera cucurbitaeD. giffardii B. cucurbitae

B. zonata

B. zonataD. giffardii

A. albopictus

Azadirachta indica

Aedes albopictus

10

Annual Activity Report 2013Plant Protection

ii) Control of dengue vector mosquito,

Identification of resistance to insect pests in cotton genotypes

Effect of different safer chemicals against complex of cotton insect pests

Aflatoxins in chili and its detoxification using chemical methods

Bioassay against lepidopterous pests

Laboratory screening of safe insecticides

Field screening of insecticides

Aedes aegypti

Relative potency of pyrethroid insecticides to mosquito (L.) was determined underlaboratory conditions. Lambda-Cyhalothrin 2.5% EC proved significantly superior as a larvicide andadulticide than Cypermethrin 10% EC. Phytochemical studies showed that neem had significantlyhigher efficacy than oil against .

In NCVT of cotton (3 entries), genotype A-2 was found tolerant to sucking and chewing insect pests. Insecond trial (24 entries), genotypes B-15 & B-24 were observed tolerant to whitefly and jassid,respectively, and 15 genotypes tolerant to bollworms. In PCCT of Bt cotton (26 genotypes), PC-8 wasfound tolerant to whitefly and jassid, and 18 genotypes were resolved tolerant to bollworm pests. Fornon-Bt cotton germplasm (4 genotypes), genotypes V-4 & V-1 were found resistant to whitefly, whereasV-1 emerged tolerant to jassid, and V-3 resistant to bollworms. Screening of 11 cotton germplasm fromAARI revealed that genotypes 6072 & 7037 were resistant to whitefly and jassid, respectively, while 8appeared most tolerant and 3 most susceptible to bollworm damage.

Effect of different safer chemicals to induce resistance in host plant against insect pests complex wasrecorded in cotton comprising NIAB-846, NIAB-777 and NIAB-852 varieties. It was inferred that salicylicacid significantly reduced pests incidence by giving more mortality than cupric chloride, mango extract& check.

HPLC analysis of Chili samples (n=24) showed high concentrations of AFB ranging from 31 to 69 µg/kg.Stability of citric acid was evaluated at 18 ± 2 (ambient) and 30 C. It was found very stable whenanalyzed with HPLC. The retention time of citric acid was 2.30 ± 0.01min. Different concentrations (0.1,0.2 and 0.3%) of citric acid were used for the reduction of aflatoxins from chili powder; 0.3% citric acidremoved maximum aflatoxins.

Propionic acid was also used in different concentrations; 0.1% solution is effective to detoxify theaflatoxins in chili. A combination of citric acid (0.3%) and propionic acid (0.1%) was very effective andthe level of aflatoxins reduced by 95%.

Leaf dip method (insecticide treated) was used to test 10 different insecticides against larvae ofand On flubendiamide, rynaxypyr, chlorfenapyr, spinetoram, lufenuron,methoxyfenozide gave 80-98% mortality as compared to indoxacarb, spinosad, bifenthrin, andlambdacyhalothrin (58-64% mortality). Against , Flubendiamide, rynaxypyr, chlorfenapyrand spinetoram gave 89-95% mortality when compared to emamecttin (76%), indoxacarb (72%),spinosad (68%), bifenthrin (65%), lambdacyhalothrin (66%) and cypermethrin (53%).

Six insecticides were tested by exposing larvae on leaves treated with insecticidesalong with its food eggs. All insecticides gave mortality from 51 to 74%.Spinosad was least toxic with 44% mortality. On parasitoid, insecticides in pyrethroid groupgave high insect mortality (upto 72%) than spinosad, chlorfenapyre and spinetoram (40-55%). Against

chlorpyrifos, profenofos, cypermethrin, lambdacyhalothrin and bifenthrin insecticides weremore toxic (60-90% kill) than spinosad, spinetoram and indoxacarb (42-55% kill) followed byflubendiamide, lufenuron and methoxyfenozide (25-40% kill).

Fourteen insecticides were tested for sucking insects (thrips, mites, whitefly, jassids, red bug, dusky bugand mealybugs) and 4 insecticides were evaluated against lepidopterous pests (armyworm, American,spotted and pink bollworms). Flubendiamide, chlorfenapyre, rynaxypyr, spinetoram, lufenuran,

Aedes aegypti

Eucalyptus globolus A. aegypti

S. lituraH. armigera. S. litura,

H. armigera

Chrysoperla carneaSitotroga cereallela C. carnea

AenasiusT.

chilonis,

Insect and Food Toxicology

1o

11


methoxyfenazid, flufenoxuran and emamectin benzoate were highly effective (>75% kill) againstarmyworm and American bollworm larvae as compared to spinosad, indoxacarb, deltamethrin,cypermethrin and cyhalothrin (around 50% kill). Chlorfenapyre, nitenpyram, spirotetramate andspiromesifen were very effective (>80% kill) against thrips, jassids, whitefly and mites, respectively, ascompared to acetamiprid and imidacloprid (40-50% kill). Buprofezin and pyriproxyfen were relativelybetter (72 and 78% kill) in controlling whitefly.

Occurrence of insect pests and yield performance of non-Bt and Bt cotton varieties sown on differentdates was recorded. Sucking insects like thrips, whitefly, jassids appeared in early to mid June and cropplanted in mid May was found badly damaged than crops sown earlier that were established to resistsucking insect pests. However, mite was found more in early sown crop than mid May crop. In case ofbollworms, early sown crops were affected more severely by lepidopterans particularly and

. Despite a greater damage by lepidopterans, early sown crop gave better crop growth andhigher seed cotton harvest as compared to mid May sown crop. However rains in monsoon season(July-September) damaged lint of semi to full-opened bolls in early sown cotton than mid May.

Bt and non-Bt lines had no difference in attack of sucking insect pests as whitefly, thrips and mites wereobserved below ETL (5, 10 and 15 insects, respectively) while population of jassids, red and duskycotton bug was dominant and higher. All Bt cotton lines were more toxic to give high mortality (80 to100%) to 1 and 2 instar larvae of two bollworms, spp. and spp. when compared tonon-Bt varieties. Bt toxin did not provide better control for armyworm and pink bollworm in Bt cotton.Larvae were found alive in Bt cotton bolls when evaluated in months of November and December ascompared to August, September and October. Red cotton bug (stainer) was found relatively less innumbers (12 insects/plant) as compared to 33.5 insects/plant in previous year while dusky cotton bugwas found higher (73 insects/plant) than 65 insects/plant in previous year. Damage was also noted inplots where insecticides were sprayed to control this pest. Reason was pest's mode of feeding as largenumber of insects (19 insects/boll) were recorded to feed deep inside a semi cracked boll and foliarapplications were less effective to kill insect pest inside these bolls.

Two hundred fifty Bt & non-Bt cotton genotypes were assessed for cotton leaf curl Burewala virus(CLCuBuV) resistance following natural transmission by whiteflies in the field. Two candidate lines NIAB-112 & NIAB-Kiran, recently approved by Punjab Seed Council, were found resistant to CLCuBV in field &tolerant through grafting in glasshouse.

Response of more than 550 tomato genotypes and hybrids was determined against tomato early blight,late blight and shoestring disease. Seventeen genotypes and three hybrids were resistant/tolerant toearly blight; 20 genotypes and 7 hybrids were resistant/tolerant to late blight and 7 genotypes and 6hybrids were found resistant/tolerant to shoestring disease.

Of 560 chickpea genotypes tested, candidate genotypes viz., CH-23/00, CH38/04, CM1528/03 &CC121/00 were found resistant to viruses & phytoplasma in field. However, twenty genotypes wereinfected with viruses and 400 with phytoplasma. Out of 55 advance lines of NIAB, 15 were foundresistant and 24 tolerant to wilt disease, while 19 were tolerant to blight.

More than 464 mungbean genotypes were evaluated in field against yellow mosaic virus and phyllodydisease. NIAB candidate line NM-9 was found resistant against both diseases.

Effect of planting dates on insect pests and yield of cotton crop

Monitoring of insect pests on Bt and non-Bt varieties

Cotton

Tomato

Chickpea

Mungbean

SpodopteraPectinophora

Earias Helicoverpa

Ascochyta

st nd

Plant Virology & Host Plant Resistance

12


Lentil

New disease reports

Flax phyllody

China rose ( ): a new natural hostof in Pakistan

Of 50 lentil genotypes evaluated in field, 33 were resistant to wilt and 41 to different viruses.

A new fungus having thepotential use as myco-herbicide was first timeidentified from Itsit, .

Phyllody disease on flax was recorded first time inPakistan and experiments were performed to studytheir symptomatology, etiology and transmission.

Fusarium

Gibbago trianthemae

Trianthema portulacastrum

Hibiscus rosa-sinensiscotton leaf curl Burewala virus

China rose plants with severe vein thickening/greening, leaf curling, and enations on the lower leafsurface were found near cotton fields at NIAB,Faisalabad. Involved virus was identified as an isolate ofCLCuBuV. This is the first report of CLCuBuV and itscognate betasatellite in infected China rose.

Seeds of chickpea advance line CH 23 and variety CM 2008 were treated with aqueous leaf extracts (10and 5%) of mango, moringa, cockscomb, calotropis and chemicals salicylic acid (1mM) and K HPO(50mM) and sown in wilt sick field and blight nursery, respectively. Maximum reduction(50%) in wilt disease was observed with salicylic acid, followed by higher concentration of moringa(48%) and mango (47%) plant extracts. Grain yield was 59 and 55% higher in moringa and mangotreated plants, respectively, as compared to the control ones. Maximum reduction (20%) in blightdisease was observed with mango plant extract. Highest grain yield was observed in 5% calotropistreated plants under blight disease condition, while almost 100% higher chickpea yield was observed inplants treated with mango leaf extract than the control ones.

Induced systemic resistance was recorded in tomato against shoestring disease caused by cucumbermosaic virus and in mungbean against mungbean yellow mosaic disease via seedling/seed treatmentfollowed by weekly spray application of salicylic acid.

A PDR based construct of Rep was developed. Multiple sequence alignment of Rep with N-terminus 390 nucleotide sequence of Rep of nine begomoviruses, involved in CLCuD (CLCuBuV,CLCuKoV, CLCuMuV, CLCuRaV, CLCuShV,CLCuAlV, CLCuGeV, ToLCBaV andPaLCuV) showed that Rep cancontrol virus induced gene silencingissue. Transient expression of Represulted in 65% resistance againstCLCuKoV and its associated cotton leafcurl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB). Itdetermined that Rep may be used toc o n t r o l c o t t o n - i n f e c t i n gbegomoviruses. Details in Fig A to Eindicate:

Induction of resistance in chickpea againstwilt and blight by plant extracts and safechemicals

Induced systemic resistance in tomato and mungbean

Pathogen-derived resistance (PDR) against cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD)

FusariumAscochyta

2 4

syn130 syn130

syn130

syn130

syn130

Ascochyta

13


Leaf blight on Itsit and conidia of G. trianthemae

Healthy and phylloid flax flower

Plants/markers A to E showing inoculations/symptoms

A B C

D E1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Pathodiversity of pv ( )Xanthomonas oryzae . oryzae Xoo

Pathodiversity of 30 isolates was tested on the basis of their disease reaction on a set of ten ricedifferentials by artificial inoculation under field conditions andcategorized into pathotypes which were already identified andreported.

Assessment of rice germplasm

Evaluation of wheat germplasm against yellow and leaf rust

Rice germplasm developed by NIAB, Rice Research Institute (RRI)Kala Shah Kaku and Emkay Farms Farooqabad was screened againstBLB. Of 55 mutants (M-7) of NIAB, 4 were resistant, 33 moderatelyresistant and rest were susceptible. Among 600 entries/varieties/selected plants of RRI, 278 were found resistant, 186 moderatelyresistant and rest were susceptible. Among huge population ofEmkay farm breeding material, MKF-7 was found highly resistant.MKF-1, 2, 4, 5 and twelve Test Cross F-1 Hybrids were resistantwhile OP-8, OP-15 and IR-6 were moderately resistant. Rest werefound susceptible.

Ninety two wheat advance lines including mutants and commercialvarieties were evaluated in disease screening nursery under highinoculum pressure for field resistance against leaf and stripe rust.Out of 92 wheat lines, 44 lines were immune, 30 resistant, 12moderately resistant, 4 moderately susceptible and 2 lines, NIBGEF-6-1 and NN-45, were found susceptible against leaf rust. In case of

(A)Control plants inoculated with infectious clones of CLCuKoV/CLCuMuB (B) Non-inoculated healthy(C) Plants co-inoculated with infectious clones of CLCuKoV/ CLCuMuB +pRep (D)

Southern blot showing CLCuKoV-DNA inhibition by Rep along with CLCuKoV and CLCuMuB. (E)Southern blot showing CLCuMuB-DNA inhibition. Lane 1 and 20 are positive control plants showinghigher level of CLCuKoV-DNA. Lane 2 and 19 are negative control. Lanes 3-18 are showing level ofCLCuKoV-DNA in plants co-inoculated with CLCuKoV/CLCuMuB and pRep .

Basic facilities for mushroom cultivation were established.Conditions for preparing spawn of oyster mushroom havebeen standardized. Mushrooms were successfully grown anddistributed among NIAB employees for organolepticevaluation. Evaluation results indicated that majority of thepeople liked mushrooms very much and wanted to increase itsproduction.

During the survey in 2013, Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) wasobserved in all rice growing areas of Northern and Central Punjabwhile its incidence was low in Central Punjab. Maximum disease(90-100%) was observed in Gujranwala, Sheikhupura andHafizabad districts. Brown spot incidence was 90% in Hafizabadand Nankana while 100% in Gujranwala, Chiniot, Sheikhupuraand Okara. Sheath blight, Sheath rot, Blast and Graindiscoloration diseases were also observed with increasing trends.Diseased samples were collected from all visited sites for furtherstudies and their management.

N. benthamiana

N. benthamiana

syn130

syn130

syn130

Studies on Oyster mushrooms

Monitoring of rice diseases in rice growing areas of Punjab

Fungal and Bacterial Diseases

14


Oyster spawn on wheat grains

Rice crop infected with BLB

Inoculation of rice germplasm

Rice differentials

stripe rust, 54 wheat lines were immune, 15 resistant, 5 moderately resistant, 11 moderatelysusceptible and 7 were susceptible. NIBGE F-4-6, 10-C, NW-1-35, NW-7-5, NN-45, 11-C and NW-7-19were found susceptible against yellow rust.


15

Leaf RustYellow Rust

Bio-saline AgricultureAt Pakka Anna Bio-saline Research Station (BSRS), 50 acres of degraded land were cleared of thornyshrubs, leveled and brought under cultivation. Existing plantation (250 acres) was managed.

was planted on 08 acres. Wheat and barley were grown on 60 acres with crop productionranging from 1300-2200 kg/ha at salinity level of 10-18 dS/m. Similarly, salt tolerant forages/grasseswere grown on 35 acres to meet feed requirements of the goat/sheep herd being reared at the station.The farm products, mainly fuel wood and wheat grain, were sold to generate income of about Rs. 1.37million. The station also provided facilities to scientists from NIAB, NIBGE and AARI Faisalabad for fieldexperiments.

Worthy Chairman PAEC along with other dignitaries visited BSRS, Pakka Anna on February 03, 2013. Abriefing was given on R&D activities being performed at the station. The chairman showed hissatisfaction about the ongoing developmental work and appreciated the efforts. Other visits includeddelegates from IAEA, researchers from various R&D institutes, and participants of training courses heldat NIAB.

Performance of tree-based alley cropping systems, involving woody perennials ( and) and understorey non-woody components (wheat, para grass), was

evaluated on saline land applied with a variety of amendments and irrigated with brackish groundwater at Pakka Anna. Grain yield of wheat (2682 and 2324kg/ha) was recorded in case of andbased systems, respectively, with application of farmmanure @ 20 ton and nitrogen fertilizer @ 60 kg/hacompared to control (no amendments), grain production1441 and 1227 kg/ha. In case of tree-based para grassproduction systems, fresh biomass of para grass, i.e. 58.5and 38.4 ton/ha was recorded in case of and

based systems, respectively, with applicationof gypsum @ GR 100% and farm manure @ 10 ton/ha; incontrol (no amendments), fresh biomass of 25.1 and 20.6ton/ha was recorded. Appreciable improvement in soilproperties in all the systems was observed regarding pH,electrical conductivity and SAR. Thus, tree-based alleycropping systems with integrated use of organic and

Acaciaampliceps

Acacia niloticaEucalyptus camaldulensis

Acacia- Eucalyptus-

Acacia-Eucalyptus-

Agro-forestry on saline land at Pakka Anna

16

Annual Report 2013ActivitySoil Science

III. SOIL SCIENCE DIVISION

Scientists of Soil Science Division

Chairman, Ex-chairman PAEC and ScientistEmeritus visiting BSRS Pakka Anna

inorganic amendments may enhance biomassproductivity and improve the soil conditions.

The soil/water amendments, i.e. gypsum applied on100% water-gypsum requirement (WGR) basis, farmyardmanure (FYM) @ 10 t/ha applied at sowing, and H SO(100% RSC reduced of brackish water) applied withirrigations (EC 6.2 dS/m and RSC 20 meq/L) were effectivein improving wheat grain yield on salt-affected soils(sandy loam, pH 8.2-8.8, ECe 10-20 dS/m, SAR 24-48) atPakka Anna. The highest grain yield was obtained in H SOtreated plots (2952 kg/ha) followed by FYM (2678 kg/ha)and WGR (2655 kg/ha). Soil/water amendments werealso effective in improving soil properties.

Soil/water amendments improve wheat growth onsaline soil

NPK management in wheat on saline soil

2 4

2 4

Application of NP or NPK to wheat genotypes producedsignificantly higher grain yield on a salt-affected soil(sandy loam, pH 7.9-8.2, EC 7.7-10.8 dS/m) at PakkaAnna. The highest grain yield was obtained by theapplication of NPK @ 100-50-100 kg/ha,followed by 100-50-75 kg/hawhich was statistically similar to that for NPK100-50-50 kg/ha treatment. The lower rate of K, 50 kg/haalong with NP @ 100-50 kg/ha produced up to 54% higher yield than that of NP alone applied on thesame rates. Genotype S-24 produced maximum yield followed by Lasani-2008, Faisalabad-2008 andSehar-2006.

Twenty advanced lines of cotton and 60 of chickpea were screened for drought tolerance. Three cottonlines and 28 chickpea lines maintaining high cell membrane stability, nitrate reductase activity, prolineand betaine, having drought tolerance potential were identified. Positive correlations betweenphysiological indices and drought tolerance proved their significance as selection tools. The selectedlines were handed over to the relevant breeding groups for developing high yielding and droughttolerant cultivars.

Twenty four cotton genotypes were tested for physiological traits regarding breeding for high yield anddrought tolerant cultivars. Genotypes with optimum nitrate and nitrite reductase (NRA, NiRA) activitiesand total free amino acids produced higher yield under water stress condition and were categorized astolerant. Correlations among the yield parameters and biochemical traits were significant. Resultsshowed that biochemical traits were regulated genetically and environmentally in the tested cottongenotypes. So, these biochemical markers can be used for developing drought tolerant cotton varietieshaving high yield.

Using physiological traits, 100 rice and 35 tomato advance lines were evaluated for high temperaturestress tolerance potential (HTSTP). Two high temperature (45°C) shocks for 12 hr and 24 hr wereimposed and after giving one week recovery time period, physiological parameters imparting stresstolerance were recorded. Cell membrane thermo-stability (CMTS) showed positive correlation withbiomass. Electrolytes leakage (EL) increased with increase in stress cycle. Lines with high relative watercontents (RWC), heat stress tolerance index (HTSI), CMTS and with low EL produced high biomass andwere high temperature stress tolerant. The identified rice (28) and tomato (10) advance lines werehanded over to the relevant breeding groups for developing high yielding and heat tolerant varieties.

Screening of germplasm for stress tolerance

Drought tolerance in cotton and chickpea

High temperature stress tolerance in rice and tomato

17


NPK treated wheat genotypes on saline soil

Wheat harvesting at Pakka Anna

Screening of barley genotypes

Urea sulphate increases wheat yield

Foliar fertilization improves wheat and rice yield

Phosphoric acid proves a better P source than DAP fertilizer

Demonstration of phosphoric acid application technology for wheat production

Evaluation of different strategies to reduce fertilizer nitrogen loss under maize

Performance of seven salt tolerant barley genotypes was compared with standard variety Haider-93 onnormal soil at NIAB Farm. Maximum grain yield (0.58 kg/m ) was observed in genotypes ICARDA-20 and186AD that was 15.6% higher compared to Haider-93 (0.45 kg/m ). Genotypes ICARDA-8 and 76/2Aproduced maximum straw (1.2 kg/m ) with 22.4% increase over local variety Haider-93. Lodging andattack of stripe rust and aphids were found on all genotypes except ICARDA-20 and Haider-93.Analytical studies on forage quality of 110 days crop grown on normal soil showed that maximumpercentage of crude protein was found in ICARDA-8 followed by ICARDA-20. Of the tested genotypes,ICARDA-8 and ICARDA-20 can be cultivated on normal soil for feed and food purposes, respectively.

Urea sulphate (SUN), a highly acidic N fertilizer (pH < 1, N15%) was prepared and its performance was evaluated onwheat. SUN produced 20 % higher wheat grains than ureawhen both were applied as single dose at 1 irrigation or ½N from SUN (at 1 irrigation) and ½ N from urea (at 2irrigation). Trend of N and P uptake in grain was similar tothat for grain yield. The results suggest that ½ dose of SUNat 1 irrigation is economical to get higher wheat yield.

Soluble mixed fertilizer having NPK ratios 5:1:3 and 1:1:1,without and with micronutrients (Zn 150, Fe 300, Mn 200,Cu 50 and B 7 ppm) were prepared for foliar application on wheat and rice. Four sprays of 1% solution ofthese fertilizers increased grain yield of wheat (17 to 25%) and protein contents (5 to 12%) over control.Performance of NPK 5:1:3 was better as compared to NPK 1:1:1. Micronutrient supplemented NPKincreased 5% wheat grains over their respective NPK unadorned. In rice, four sprays of 1% solution ofthese fertilizers increased paddy yield which was maximum (28%) with NPK 1:1:1 as compared tocontrol. Micronutrient supplementation was not responsive for the increase in paddy yield.

Three field experiments on rice and two on maize were conducted in various districts of Punjab toevaluate phosphoric acid as an alternative to commercial phosphate fertilizer. The yield data exhibitedsuperiority of phosphoric acid over DAP. Maximum increase in rice yield by phosphoric acid fertigationwas 30% over DAP applied as broadcast while average increase was 17%. In case of maize, increase inyield by phosphoric acid placement ranged from 10 to 27% as compared to DAP applied as broadcast.Analysis of soil samples collected after rice or maize crop harvest showed no adverse effect ofphosphoric acid on soil properties.

For transfer of the fertilizer technology to the farmers, four demo plots on wheat were established inFaisalabad, Sheikhupura & Attock districts and farmers' field days were held to demonstrate the use ofphosphoric acid and to show its efficiency for wheat production.

N-labelled urea applied to maize by conventional broadcast method was least effective whetherapplied with or without nitrification and/or urease inhibitors. However, compared to conventionalbroadcast method, subsurface application of N-labelled urea granules or liquid along with ureaseinhibitor (NBPT, applied at 1% of N) caused 16-40% increase in plant N use efficiency and 17-73%reduction in the fertilizer N loss under maize.

2

2

2

st

st nd

st

15

15

Plant Nutrient Management

18


Foliar applied NPK and micronutrients (MN)

NPK+MN Control NPK

Zinc biofortification of wheat

Crop residues management in rice-wheat cropping system

Under the , benefits of Zinc (Zn) application on wheat productivity andgrain quality were evaluated in field experiments on Zn-deficient alkaline-calcareous soils (pH, 7.8–8.2;CaCO content, 7.7–21.5%; DTPA Zn, 0.35– 0.92 mg/kg). Whereas use of high Zn density and Zn-primedseed increased emergence of wheat seedlings and seedling height, soil applied zincated fertilizers didnot. High Zn seed (i.e., Zn biofortified as well as Zn-primed), in the absence of using Zn fertilizer, resultedin increased grain yields in most of the field experiments. High Zn seed also increased grain Znconcentration in some field experiments. All treatments of soil-applied Zn fertilizer increased wheatyield, over the respective control yield. Overall, all treatments of foliar-applied Zn fertilizer resulted inincreased grain yields compared with the respective controls: most of the foliar Zn treatments alsoenhanced grain Zn density. Foliar-fed zincated fertilizers proved more effective in increasing grain Znconcentration than soil-applied Zn fertilizers. The use of soil-applied Zn as well as foliar-fed Zn fertilizersin wheat is very cost effective.

A long term study with rice-wheat cropping system was initiated to evaluate the effect of wheat strawfor rice crop and rice straw for wheat crop. Wheat straw (4 & 8 ton/ha) and rice straw (3 & 6 ton/ha)were applied at sowing and 15 days before sowing (15 DBS). Urea @ 150 kg N/ha, with or without fungal

HarvestPlus Zinc Fertilizer Project

3

19


Improvement in Kinnow fruit yield by nutrient management

Nutrient management of Kinnow orchards for improving fruit yield and juice quality

Foliar application of Zinc (1% ZnSO solution) and K (1% K SO solution) and Zn+K (solution containing0.5% each of ZnSO and K SO ) at the onset of spring and flush of leaves or flowers, fruit formation and atcolor initiation on fruit was effective in reducing the yield losses in kinnow fruit up to 30% caused due toheavy fruit dropping. Application of Zn, K or Zn+K was effective in improving the nutrient uptake andquality parameters of citrus fruit in all selected orchards. The most promising results were recordedwith foliar spray of Zn+K.

4 2 4

4 2 4

Control Zn

Zn+KK

inoculum ( , was applied in N-2 and N-3 splits. The results of rice crop receivingwheat straw showed an increase in grain yield (19%) with three N-splits as compared to N-appliedwithout straw. In wheat, full rice straw applied 15 DBS with fungal inoculum and N-2 splits had no effecton grain yield.

A green house study on wheat with the application of humic acid (0.1%), poultry waste (5 t/ha) and(20x10 cfu/ml alone and in combination was conducted. The results showed

an increase in grain yield (20%) over control, phosphorus (32%) and nitrogen (33%) uptake, respectively,when poultry waste in either combination with humic acid or inoculum was applied.

Effect of tillage (conventional and zero tillage), mulch (retention of crop residues) and nitrogenapplication (25 kg N/ha) on mungbean was studied. Sixty percent increase in grain yield (963 kg/ha) wasobserved under conventional tillage with addition of mulch and nitrogen compared with grain yield(603 kg/ha) under conventional tillage without mulch or nitrogen application. Under zero tillage, about50% increase in grain yield (593 kg/ha) was observed with addition of mulch and nitrogen compared tothat under no mulch or nitrogen application (395 kg/ha). Initial results showed zero tillage beinguneconomical with 48% reduction in grain yield compared to conventional tillage.

Effect of sugar factory waste press mud on soil microbial populations, mineral N transformations andgrowth of wheat on salt-affected soil (pH 7.9-8.5, ECe 5.9-9.95 dS/m) showed decrease in agronomicbiomass yield of wheat lines N4 and N5 due to inorganic fertilizer N applied alone or in combination withpress mud. The organic amendment promoted the total biomass accumulation at higher rates; theresponse of two wheat lines was variable.

Laboratory studies showed a prominent impact of both inorganic and organic amendments on loss ofNH -N and accumulation of NO and total mineral N, total viable (TVBC) and the exo-polysaccharidesproducing biofilm bacterial counts. Application of mineral N was inhibitory while the organicamendment promoted the two types of soil bacteria. The organic matter amendment by providing sinkfor free ions could eliminate impact of salinity on growth of wheat.

Experiments to study the effect of tillage, fertilizer and mulch on water and nutrient use efficiency inmaize - mung bean rotation were initiated after homogenization, initial soil classification and base lineanalysis of experimental field. Overall higher mung bean yield of 780 kg/ha was observed forconventional tillage compared to 490 kg/ha under zero-tillage system. Similar to 12% yield increasewith an addition of maize residues at 30% coverage of the soil surface over un-mulched conditions,application of nitrogen at 25 kg N/ha also enhanced 39% mung bean yield. In both conventional andzero-tillage systems, combined use of nitrogen and mulch had 60 and 50% higher yield, respectively,compared to without nitrogen and mulch application.

Six year (2007-2013) experiments on wheat under deficit irrigation on wheat covering 100, 80, 60, 40and rainfed were concluded. Seasonal crop water use was calculated using water balance approach.Average biomass and grain yield were 6.9±1.4, 10.4±1.8, 12.1±1.6, 13.5±1.2, 14.4±1.1 t/ha and 1.4±0.4,3.6±0.8, 4.3±0.6, 4.8±0.4, 5.1±0.3 t/ha, under rainfed, 40, 60, 80 and 100% ETc (cropevapotranspiration), respectively. The water-yield relationships were found to be positive andsignificant (Biomass = 6.57x-0.76x R² = 0.92; yield =2.08x-0.21x , R² = 0.96). The relationship showedthat irrigation applied at 80% ETc corresponding to average 270 mm irrigation could be used as a deficitirrigation management strategy in arid/semi- arid regions with scarce irrigation water supplies.

Multi-location trails on wheat in collaboration with PINSTECH, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi

Trichoderma harzianum)

Trichoderma harzianum )

Effect of humic acid, poultry waste and fungal inoculum on N and P uptake in wheat

Grain yield of mungbean under mulch-based cropping system

Microbiology of salt-affected soils

Improvement in nutrient and water use efficiency under mulched based cropping system

Water-yield relation of wheat under deficit irrigation in arid/semi- arid environment

Modeling crop water productivity in wheat under irrigated and rain-fed conditions

6

+ -

4 3

Water Use Efficiency

², ²

20


and BARI Chakwalat Attock, Rawalpindi, Chakwal, Jhelum, Jaranwala, Faisalabad, Gojra and Shorkotwere conducted to study the impact and further formulation of adaptation strategies under recent IPCCclimate change scenarios of RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 for 2030s and 2050s. CSM-CERES-Wheat andAquaCrop models have been calibrated and downscaling of future climate using MARKSIM with 18Global Circulation Models (GCMs) for each study site is in progress.

Agronomic practices for water saving in rice cultivation

Development of stress tolerant germplasm

Advancement of generations

Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) in transplanted rice (900 mm) saved irrigation water up to 29% withcomparable yields to that of well-water rice (1275 mm). For transplanted rice, the modified irrigationmethods, viz. AWD throughout (825 mm irrigation) and AWD with 3 supplemental irrigations onvegetative/reproductive stages (1050 mm) produced similar yield to traditional flooded practice (1275mm) and saved water up to 35%. For aerobic rice culture, maximum yield was recorded with drill anddibbling methods and minimum in broadcast sowing method. Drill sowing with first irrigation on 4-6days after sowing (DAS) resulted in 3-5 days early germination and increased yield as compared to drillsowing with first irrigation on 8-10 DAS. In lysimeter studies, statistically at par paddy yields wererecorded with 25% water saving.

During the year 2012-13, seventy two local and exotic wheat lines were screened against drought. Onelocal advance line (NW-5-1212-1) was found tolerant to drought stress and has been sent for provincialdrought screening yield trials.

None of the 35 lines screened against aphid was found resistant to this pest. Three hundred and sixgermplasm and advance lines were screened for yellow and brown rust. Among these 82 lines werefound resistant to both the rusts while all other lines were moderately susceptible to highly susceptible.

Five preliminary yield trials were conducted on 62 lines of wheat. Out of these, 11 high yielding lineswere selected. Thirty six wheat lines were screened under saline field conditions conducted at PakkaAnna. One high yielding line NW-1-9-47 was promising. Two wheat lines NW-1-8183-8 and NW-10-1111-7 have been sent for yield trials to check their performance at provincial level.

Crossed material from F to F generations was evaluated. Different progenies were selected from 308crosses while their performance indicators are given in Table 1.

1 7

21

Annual Report 2013Activity

Table 1: Selected wheat genotypes in different generations

Generation No. of lines/SPP* Selected Progenies

F1 185 150 (bulk selection)

F2 185 140 (generation advancement at Kaghan)

F6 123 21 stable lines for future MYT**

and 14 segregating lines

*SPP= Single Plant Progenies**MYT= Micro Yield Trials

Soil Science

Transfer of Radioactivity from Plants to Animals and Animal Products

In current scenario of radioactivity exposure risks to human population there is a dire need to forecastthe transfer of radionuclide from plants to animals and animal products. Radioactivity transfer studieswere conducted in goat using I in collaboration with PIEAS and PNRA. The strength of radioactivityused in the oral feed of goat was 30 Ci fed only once. The first experiment of 7 days duration wasdesigned to calculate transfer coefficient in milk using I, fed on first day of the experiment. Similarly,the second experiment of 4 days was designed for the calculation of transfer coefficient in meat(Table 1).

125

125μ

Loss of iodine in milk was found very rapid, with more than 50% of the total loss occurring in the first 2–3days and between 91-94% in the first week. Peak concentration in the blood occurred within few hoursof single oral administration. Distribution of iodine from the blood to organs and tissues was foundrapid. Iodine concentration in thyroid was found four times high in magnitude than any other organ andtissue. Peak concentrations in the urine and feces occurred within a few hours of the oraladministration. Up to 20% of administered dose was emitted in the milk, more than 10% in the urinewhile more than 50% was found deposited in the thyroid. The maximum deposition of iodine in thyroidoccurred during first 3 days.

22

Annual Report 2013ActivityAnimal Sciences

IV. ANIMAL SCIENCES DIVISION

Scientists of Animal Sciences Division

Goat No. Transfer Coefficient(d/L) Range* (d/L)

2 0.186 0.027 - 0.77

3 0.410

4 0.387

5 0.963

6 0.411

Table 1: Calculated radioactivity transfer coefficients

*IAEA Tecdoc Report, 2009: 1616 (9) by Thorne, M.

Nutritive value of and Barley

Effect of estrus synchronization and fixed time artificial insemination protocols (FTAI) on pregnancyrate in Nili-Ravi buffaloes ( ) during breeding and low breeding season

Moringa oleifera

Bubalus bubalis

Among 13 species of Moringa, (family Moringaceae) is the most important, commonlyknown as “Sohanjna”, native to South Asia and introduced into the tropics. It is a multipurpose treegrown in semi-arid and tropical areas in the hedges and backyards. It has a remarkable capacity tocombat malnutrition. The use of Moringa tree as an animal feed is not very common. The objective ofthis study was to determine the nutritional value of its different parts. Lush green stand of the treeseven in the coldest periods of years shows the potential of the tree for the year around supply of theforage. The ground samples of seed, flower, pods and leaves were analyzed for dry matter, ash, crudeprotein, ether extract and crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Thechemical composition of dry matter (DM), 95.0%, 89.2%, 94.4% and 93.1%; crude protein (CP), 39.17%31.40%, 7.12% and 26.70%; ether extract (EE) 33.8%, 6.8%, 2.0% and 6.4%; crude fiber (CF), 48.0%,17.0%, 49.0% and 21.0%, ash content 3.48%, 11.2%, 9.7% and 13.9% are present in seed, flowers, podsand leaves, respectively. The mineral content of leaves are Ca (1.91% ±0.08), K (0.97% ±0.01), Na193ppm ±4.4), Fe (107ppm ±8.2), Mn (82ppm ±2.31), Zn (60ppm ±0.3), P (30ppm ±0.5), Mg (0.38%±0.01) and Cu (6ppm ±0.19).

Barley represents a reliable source of high energy especially in winter when all natural pastures areunder stress. Nutritive values of Candidate Barley varieties of NIAB (30 Nos.) were evaluated incollaboration with Soil Sciences Division. The chemical analysis of the samples in triplicate was done bystandard analytical methods. Intra varietal difference in crude protein ranged from 5.16% to 13.37%.Similarly, the average crude fiber content was found as 26.1% varying from 17.5% to 32.5%. The etherextract was maximum (3.2%) in NBA-19 while minimum (1.8%) in NBA-16. The high difference found innutritive values of candidate varieties offers their selection in respect of high production and nutrition.The detailed studies in this regards are underway.

Research on bacterial up-gradation of agro-industrial waste for value-added products, amino acidsparticularly lysine and glutamic acid was continued. Majority of the wild type strains produced alanine,aspartic acid and glutamic acid upto 4.3, 2.5 and 1.8 g/l, respectively, within 48 to 72 hr of fermentationat 29 1°C and 150 rpm. In addition, some other amino acids, such as leucine, isoleucine, valanine andhistidine were also produced in traces.

On the basis of their amino acid production potential, the isolates were mutated. More than 110mutants were derived and tested for their ability to produce lysine in the fermentation broth. Theminimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for NTG (mutagen) and AEC (a lysine analog) was found as 50and 625 g/ml, respectively. Five mutants showing AEC-resistance were tested for their ability toproduce lysine in different molasses media. The effect of different glucose concentrations (5-15%) wasinvestigated on lysine production in time course study. The results showed that the best lysineproduction was achieved at 10% glucose concentration at 30 C after 64 hours of incubation. Among themedia tested for lysine production, MM (Molasses based media) provided better yield of -lysine.Initially, the production of a wild type isolate, NIAB KN-98 was increased from negligible to a level ofmore than 3g/l. For production of glutamic acid, a strain of NIAB SS-67was used for media optimization. Amongst eight carbon sources (glucose, galactose, lactose, maltose,sorbose, fructose, sucrose and dextrin), the best glutamic acid production appeared at 10% glucoseafter 72hr of fermentation at 29 1°C and 150 rpm, and it was almost 2.5-fold increase from the initialproduction level; it gradually decreased with the increase in concentration.

Sixty two buffaloes at Surblund Livestock and Dairy Farm (SB Farm, Theekriwala), Faisalabad weredivided into three groups during breeding and low breeding seasons. The first group (n=21) received anOvsynch treatment, consisting of two 10-days apart injections of GnRH analogue separated by a singleadministration of PGF on 8 day along with an FTAI on 16-22 h after last GnRH treatment. The secondgroup (n=21) was treated with intravaginal methylacetoxy progesterone (MAP) sponges for 7 days andPGF on 8 day. GnRH was administered in animals on 10 day and FTAI was performed after 16 to 22 h

Moringa oleifera

L

Coryncbacterium glutamicum,

Upgradation of agro-industrial waste for amino acid production through bacteria

+

+

μ

o

th

th th

2 ,

2

α

α

23


(MAP-FTAI protocol). The third group (n=20) was treated with Ovsynch plus a MAP treatment between1 and 8 day of the Ovsynch method. The day of FTAI was specified as day 0. Blood sampling was carriedout from day 0 till 20 to 22 days to monitor progesterone and estradiol profiles. The differences amongestrus synchronization rates and pregnancy rates per artificial insemination (AI) to the treatments andseasons were compared using Z-test for two proportions. Numerical data for hormonal concentrationsare represented as mean±SEM. The overall estrus synchronization rate (100 vs 93.6%) was non-significantly higher in breeding than in low breeding season (Table 2). The MAP-FTAI protocol gave anoverall higher pregnancy rate of 42.9% (Table 3), than Ovsynch plus MAP (28.6%) and Ovsynch (30%)methods. The pregnancy rate by Ovsynch was significantly higher ( 0.05) in the breeding than the lowbreeding season (50 vs 10%). The pregnancy rate by MAP-FTAI protocol (60%) was non-significantlyhigher in the low breeding as compared to the breeding season (27.3%) and it was significantly higher( 0.05) than the Ovsynch (10%) (Fig. 1). An overall higher pregnancy rate (44.8 vs. 24.2%) wasaccomplished by cyclic than acyclic buffaloes (Table 4). In buffaloes observing estrous cycle after thetreatment, the mean (±SEM) serum progesterone levels on day 0 were 0.57±0.09 and 0.52±0.06 ng/ml,during the breeding and the low breeding season, respectively. These levels increased attaining a peakof 4.43±0.48 and 5.02±0.5 ng/ml on day 14, corresponding to both seasons. The progesterone thendeclined and dropped to basal levels on day 20 and 22. The mean (±SEM) estradiol was observed in 2 to3 peaks ranging from 8.64±1.41 to 16.51±4.21 pg/ml during estrous cycle (Fig. 2). In conclusion, thehighest pregnancy rate was achieved by Ovsynch in the breeding and MAP-FTAI protocol in the lowbreeding season and these regimens gave higher pregnancy rates in cyclic than acyclic buffaloes.

st th

P<

P<

Table 2: Estrus synchronization rate (%) using Ovsynch+MAP, MAP-FTAI and Ovsynch protocols infemale Nili-Ravi buffaloes during breeding and low breeding season

Table 3: Pregnancy rate (%) after FTAI using Ovsynch+MAP, MAP-FTAI and Ovsynch protocols in Nili-Ravi buffaloes during breeding and low breeding season

Table 4: Comparison of pregnancy rate (%) in cyclic and acyclic buffaloes after FTAI protocols


24

Season Ovsynch+MAP MAP-FTAI Ovsynch Overall

-----------------------------------no/no (%)-------------------------------------

Breeding 10/10 (100) 11/11(100) 10/10 (100) 31/31 (100)

Low breeding 10/11(91) 10/10(100) 9/10 (90) 29/31(93.6)

Total/treatment 20/21(95.2) 21/21(100) 19/20 (95) 60/62 (96.8)

The differences in estrus synchronization rate between various groups/seasons were non-significant.

Season Ovsynch+MAP MAP-FTAI Ovsynch Overall

----------------------------------no/no (%) ------------------------------------------

Breeding 3/10 (30.0)Aa

3/11(27.3)Aa

5/10 (50.0)Aa

11/31(35.5)A

Low Breeding 3/11 (27.3)Aa

6/10 (60.0)Aa

1/10 (10.0)Bb

10/31(32.3)A

Overall 6/21 (28.6)a

9/21 (42.9)a

6/20 (30.0)a

21/62(33.9)A,B, ,a,b Values in the same columns and rows with different superscripts are significantly different at

P<0.05. Capital letters show the comparison between the seasons, while small letters represent the

comparison between the treatments.

Ovarian Status Ovsynch+MAP MAP-FTAI Ovsynch Overall

-------------------------------no/no (%)--------------------------------

Cyclic 3/9 (33.3) 6/10 (60.0) 4/10 (40.0) 13/28(44.8)

Acyclic 3/12 (25.0) 3/11 (27.3) 2/10 (20.0) 8/32(24.2)

______________________________________________________________________________The differences in pregnancy rate between various groups were non-significant.

Fig. 2: Mean (±SEM) serum progesterone (ng/ml) and estradiol (pg/ml) profiles during estrous cycle afterovulation synchronization protocols in Nili-Ravi buffaloes during breeding (a) and the low breedingseason (b)

25


Effect of repeated oxytocin administration on cGMP levels in lactating buffalos

Studies were conducted on -Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) that is an important intracellularsecondary messenger/regulator/ mediatorinvolved in a number of biological reactionsand metabolic processes. Hormones likeoxytocin, acetylcholine and insulin cause anincrease in cGMP levels. However, effect ofrepeated administration of oxytocin on cGMPlevels of lactating buffaloes was studiedemploying ELISA assay.

Blood samples were collected from oxytocintreated and untreated (control) buffaloesavailable at SB farm Theekriwala, Faisalabad.Standard protocols for sample extraction,standardization and analysis were followed asdescribed in technical bulletin of cGMPEnzyme immunoassay kit (Sigma cGMP EIA kit Cat # CG201). Results showed that repeatedadministration of oxytocin did not necessarily increase cGMP levels in treatments. Instead, 60 % of theanimals showed decline in cGMP levels to varying degrees after oxytocin injection indicating animal

cyclic

ELISA reader with cGMP kit

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Breeding Low breeding

Ovsynch+MAP MAP-FTAI Ovsynch

SeasonP

r eg

na

ncy

ra

te/A

I (%

)

Fig. 1: Pregnancy rate (%) after Ovsynch+MAP, MAP-FTAI and Ovsynch protocols in Nili-Ravi buffaloes duringbreeding season (BS) and low breeding season (LBS)

resistance to artificial hormonal treatment.

Chloramphenicol (CAP) is highly effective antibiotic, widely used in veterinary medicine due to itsbroad-spectrum activity, high tissue penetration and low cost. It may give rise to serious adverse healtheffects in humans. A zero tolerance has been established for CAP residues in dairy products. For thispurpose, immunogen and enzyme tracer were prepared with Human Serum Albumin (CAP-HSA) andHorseradish Peroxidase (CAP-HRP). Sensitivity of antibodies was assessed by calculating IC . Titer ofthree antibodies (S235, S236 and R877) and enzyme tracer was checked through checkerboard usingserial dilutions and the selected dilutions were 1/2K: 1/40K, 1/8K: 160K and 1/4K: 1/40K, respectively.Muscle samples were extracted into buffer, cleaned up by hexane to remove fats followed by solventextraction in ethyl acetate. Preliminary studies showed its working range from 0 to 0.5ng of CAP per g ofmuscle. This method was designed to select samples that may contain CAP above ½ MRPL (0.15ng/g).

Sampling was done from variousoutbreaks of foot-and-mouth diseasethat occurred during 2013 in anda r o u n d F a i s a l a b a d . R e v e r s etranscriptase-polymerase chainreaction (RT-PCR) was used for typingof foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV). A total of 68 samples werereceived, 54 were found FMDVgenome positive when tested with 1Fand 1R consensus primers. Out ofthese genome positive samples, 48were successfully typed into types A(12), O (20) and Asia 1 (16).Complementary DNAs (cDNAs) werestored at -80 C for further sequencingstudies. Type A serotype was detectedfrom samples received from Sumandriand Jaranwala tehsils, type O fromSadar, and Asia 1 outbreaks werereported from Chak Jhumra andSadhar.

Clinical samples were collected fromsuspected poultry farms aroundFaisalabad. Samples were processedfor isolation of ND virus in chickenembryonated eggs and presence of thevirus was confirmed by RT-PCR. PartialF-gene was amplified and nucleotidesequence of variable region wasdetermined. Phylogenetic analysis ofvariable region of F-gene revealed thatour isolates belong to highly pathogenic 'velogenic viscerotropic' Newcastle disease virus. Further workon adaptation/propagation of the virus in suitable system is underway.

Detection of chloramphenicol in muscles using competitive ELISA

Surveillance of outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease

Isolation and identification ofnewcastle disease (ND) virus

50

o

26


Distribution of FMDV serotypes in various

administrative units of Faisalabad

District Faisalabad

N

Asia 1

UDAsia 1 A

O

A

V. SUMMARY

NIAB is pursuing inter-disciplinary research programs focused on developing new and high yielding cropvarieties, the best plant protection measures against insect pests and diseases, strategies to conservesoil, water and environment, and methods to enhance animal production and health. Salientachievements during the report period are presented here.

Three new varieties of cotton: NIAB-KIRAN, NIAB-112 and IR-NIAB-824 were approved by Punjab SeedCouncil (PSC) for general cultivation. These varieties have better yield potential, fiber quality andresistance against biotic and abiotic stresses, and are expected to contribute towards enhancing cottonproduction in the country. A coarse rice namely NIAB-Rice-2013 (RSP-2) was approved by PSC ascommercial variety. It has high yield potential (10 t/ha) and is suitable for marginal saline soils and areasof variable water availability. Tons of quality seed (Pre-basic and basic) of different crop varietiesdeveloped by NIAB was provided to Punjab Seed Corporation, private seed companies and farmers formultiplication. A number of candidate lines of different crops, i.e. cotton, rice, pulses, wheat, barley,oilseeds and tomato are at different stages of evaluation.

Studies on optimization of conditions (diet, environment) to enhance rearing efficiency of bio-controlagents were continued. Bio-control based IPM saved 4-6 extra insecticide sprays in vegetables bycontrolling insect pests below their ETLs. Bio-control agents were very effective to control okra andtomato fruit bores where weekly releases could save >8 sprays of insecticides. Several safer chemicalsand new insecticides were tested against insect pests of different crops. HPLC analysis of chili samplesshowed high levels of aflatoxins (AFB ) ranging from 31-69 µg/kg. A combination of citric acid (0.3%) andpropionic acid (0.1%) was found very effective and the level of aflatoxins in treated chilis was reduced by95%. Analytical services for aflatoxins, insecticide residues, nutrients and drinking water (worth Rs. 1.23M ) were provided to various industries, universities, and town planning stakeholders.

Work at Biosaline Research Station, Pakka Anna was continued; over 50 acres of saline wasteland wasdeveloped and brought under cultivation. Use of fertilizers (Nitrogen and Farm Yard Manure) improvedgrain yield of wheat grown in Acacia – and Eucalyptus – based agro – forestry systems.

Use of phosphoric acid proved superior over DAP as P source for rice and maize. Higher increase in riceyield by phosphoric acid fertigation was 30% over DAP applied as broadcast. Increase in maize yield byphosphoric acid placement ranged from 10-27% as compared to DAP applied as broadcast. Proper rateand method of application may increase efficiency and saving in P fertilizers for different crops. Foliarapplication of Zinc (1% ZnSO ) solution and K (1% K SO solution) was effective in reducing the yield lossin Kinnow fruit upto 30% caused due to heavy fruit dropping. Subsurface application of urea granules orliquid along with urease inhibitor (NBPT 1%) caused 16-40% increase in plant N use efficiency and 17-73% reduction in the fertilizers N loss under maize crop.

Over 71000 vials (worth Rs.4.8M) of NIAB-HS Vaccine were produced. Chloramphenicol (CAP) residuesin dairy products are of great concern world over. Immunogen and enzyme tracer were prepared forCAP detection. The working range of the extraction protocol is from 0-0.5 g of CAP per g of muscle; amethod was designed to select samples containing CAP above ½ permissible limit (0.15 g/g). Work ondevelopment of animal vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease of cattle and Newcastle disease of poultrybirds is also in progress.

NIAB also has active liaison with stakeholders for dissemination of its products, technologies andtechnical knowhow to the end-users. During 2013, sixteen training events (training courses, workshopsand field days) were organized for researchers, students, extension workers and farmers. The programof training activities planned for 2014 is annexed in this report.

1

4 2 4

ήή

27

Annual Report 2013ActivitySummary

VI. PUBLICATIONS

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

Ahmad, I., M. Hussain, M. S. A. Ahmad, M. Hameed, M. Y. Ashraf, Z. K. Shinwari, T. Nawaz, R. Batooland S. Fatima. 2013. Spatio-temporal variations in some medicinally important biochemicalconstituents of (Hermal). Pak. J. of Botany, 45: 601-607.

Ahmad, N. and M. Sarwar. 2013. The Cotton Bollworms: Their survey, detection and managementthrough Pheromones: A review. Research and Reviews: Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences,2 (3): 5-8.

Ahmad, R., E. A. Waraich, R. G. M. Hur, M. Y. Ashraf and M. Hussain. 2013. Effect of supplementalfoliar-applied potassium on cotton ( L.) yield and lint quality under droughtstress. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 11: 154-164.

Akhtar, J., R. Ahmad, M. Y. Ashraf, A. Tanveer, E. A. Warrich and H. Oraby. 2013. Influence ofexogenous application of salicylic acid on salt stressed mungbean ( ): Growth andnitrogen metabolism. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45: 119-125.

Akhtar, K. P., G. Sarwar, N. Sarwar and M. T. Elahi. 2013. Field resistance in sesame germplasmagainst sesame phyllody disease. Pakistan J. of Botany, 45 (3): 1085-1090.

Akhtar, K. P., M. Dickinson, T. M. Shah and N. Sarwar. 2013. Natural occurrence, identification andtransmission of the phytoplasma associated with flax phyllody and stem fasciation in Pakistan.Phytoparasitica, 41: 383-389.

Akhtar, K. P., M. Dickinson, T. M. Shah and N. Sarwar. 2013. Natural occurrence, identification andtransmission of the phytoplasma associated with flax phyllody and stem fasciation in Pakistan.Phytoparasitica, 41: 383-389.

Akhtar, K. P., R. Ullah, I. A. Khan, M. Saeed, N. Sarwar and S. Mansoor. 2013. First SymptomaticEvidence of Infection of with throughGrafting. International J. of Agriculture and Biology, 15: 157-160.

Akhtar, M., Z. Iqbal, A. Naeem, M. Yaqub, A. Hassan, S. Tahir and T. M. Qureshi. 2013. Impact ofchickpea and wheat co-cropping on crop growth, nutrient uptake and root induced changes. Soiland Environment, 32: 152-157.

Ali, S., M. A. Farooq, A. Hameed, W. Ishaque, K. Mahmood and Z. Iqbal. 2013. Alleviation ofcadmium toxicity by silicon is related to elevated photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes;suppressed cadmium uptake and oxidative stress in cotton. Ecotoxicology and EnvironmentSafety, 96: 242-249.

Arshad, H. M. I., N. Hussain, S. Ali, J. A. Khan, K. Saleem and M. M. Babar. 2013. Behavior ofat different temperatures, culture media, fungicides and rice germplasm for

resistance. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 25 (01): 84-90.

Ashraf, M. Y., F. Hussain, M. Ashraf, J. Akhter and G. Ebert. 2013. Modulation in yield and juicequality characteristics of citrus fruit from trees supplied with zinc and potassium foliarly. Journalof Plant Nutrition, 36: 1996-2012.

Ashraf, M. Y., M. Ashraf, M. Akhtar, K. Mahmood and M. Saleem. 2013. Improvement in yield,quality and reduction in fruit drop in Kinnow ( Blanco) by exogenous applicationof plant growth regulators, potassium and zinc. Pak. J. of Botany, 45: 433-440.

Ashraf, M. Y., N. Rafique, M. Ashraf, N. Azhar and M. Marchand. 2013. Effect of supplementalpotassium (K ) on growth, physiological and biochemical attributes of wheat grown under salineconditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 36: 443-458.

Chughtai, M. I., T. Kausar, K. Mahmood, M. Naeem and A. R. Awan. 2013. Studies on limnologicalcharacteristics and planktonic diversity D.G. Khan Canal water at D.G. Khan (Pakistan). PakistanJournal of Botany, 45 (2): 599-604.

Hameed, A., M. A. Sheikh, A. Hameed T. Farooq, S. M. A. Basra and A. Jamil. 2013 Chitosanpriming enhances the seed germination, antioxidants, hydrolytic enzymes, soluble proteins andsugars in wheat seeds. Agrochimica, LVII (1): 32-46.

Hameed, A., M. Goher and N. Iqbal. 2013. Drought induced programmed cell death and

Peganum harmala

Gossypium hirsutum

Vigna radiata

Gossypium arboreum Cotton Leaf Curl Burewala Virus

Bipolaris oryzae

Citrus reticulata

, .

+

28

Annual Report 2013ActivityPublications

29


associated changes in antioxidants, proteases and lipid peroxidation in wheat leaves. BiologiaPlantarum, 57 (2): 370-374.

Ikram, S., S. Vesa, M. Durandet and S. Bonhome. 2013. High functional redundancy among F-boxprotein genes expressed in gametophytes. Genetics, 195: 1206-1214.

Iqbal, S. Z. and M. R. Asi. 2013. Assessment of Aflatoxin M in milk and milk products from Punjab,Pakistan. Food Control, 30: 235-239.

Iqbal, S. Z., I. A. Bhatti, M. R. Asi, M. Zuber, M. Shahid and I. Parveen. 2013. Effect of gammairradiation on fungal load and aflatoxins reduction in red chillies. Radiation Physics and Chemistry,82: 80-84.

Iqbal, S. Z., M. R. Asi, M. Zuber, J. Akhtar and M. J. Saif. 2013. Natural occurrence of aflatoxins andochratoxin A in commercial chili and chili sauce samples. Food Control, 30: 621-625.

Kamal, G. M., M. Y. Ashraf, A. I. Hussain, A. Shahzadi and M. I. Chughtai. 2013. Antioxidantpotential of peel essential oils of three Pakistani citrus species: ,and Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45: 1449-1454.

Kausar, R., S. A. Khanum, M. Hussain, T. Hussain, N. Ahmad, L. Ahmad, and N. A. Qureshi. 2013.Estrus synchronization and conception rates using locally prepared Methylacetoxy progesterone(MAP) sponges in cyclic and acyclic Nili-Ravi buffaloes ( ). Pakistan VeterinaryJournal, 33 (4): 433-437.

Khan, R. A., J. Y. Liu, M. Rashid, D. Wang and Y. L. Zhang. 2013. Cantharidin Impedes Activity ofGlutathione -Transferase in the midgut of Hübner.

14: 5482-5500.

Khan, R. A., M. Rashid, D. Wang and Y. L. Zhang. 2013. Toxicology and Biochemical Basis ofCantharidin Effects on (Hub.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pakistan Journal ofZoology, 45: 769-777.

Khursheed K., N. Ahmad, M. Imran, M. O'Nils, 2013.. Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 19 (10): 155-

161.

Khursheed, K., M. Imran, N. Ahmad, M. O'Nils, 2013. Bi-Level Video Codec for Machine VisionEmbedded Applications. Elektronikair Elektrotechnika, 19 (8): 93-96.

Lodhi, A., S. Tahir, Z. Iqbal, A. Mahmood, M. Akhtar, T. M. Qureshi, M. Yaqub and A. Naeem. 2013.Characterization of commercial humic acid samples and their impact on growth of fungi andplants. Soil and Environment, 32: 63-70.

Muhammad I., N. Ahmad, K. Khursheed, M. A. Waheed, N. Lawal, M. O'Nils, 2013,. IEEE Journal on Emerging and

Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, 3 (2): 198-209.

Naeem A., M. Imran, K. Khursheed, N. Lawal, M. O'Nils, B. Oelmann, 2013. “Model, PlacementOptimization and Verification of a Sky Surveillance Visual Sensor Network,” International Journalof Space-Based and Situated Computing (IJSSC), 3 (3): 125-135.

Nawaz, F., M. Y. Ashraf, R. Ahmad and E. A. Waraich. 2013. Selenium (Se) seed priming inducedgrowth and biochemical changes in wheat under water deficit conditions. Biol. Trace ElementResearch, 151: 284–293.

Perveen, S., N. Sarwar, M. Yousaf and M. N. Mushtaq. 2013. Optimization of HPLC method for theanalysis of cockscomb's phenolic compounds. Continental Journal of Biological Sciences 6: 1-7.

Rashid, M., R. A. Khan, D. Wang and Y. L. Zhang. 2013. Over-expression of Cytochrome P450s inin response to Bio-insecticide, Cantharidin. International Journal of

Agriculture and Biology, 15: 993-997.

Rasool, F., N. A. Qureshi, M. Siddique, M. Ashraf, A. Ali, A. Hameed and S. Parveen. 2013.Clustering analysis for intraspecific variation studies amongst the populations of

. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 23 (5): 1327-1332.

Rasool, F., N. A. Qureshi, S. Parveen, M. Siddique, M. Ashraf, A. Hameed and K. J. Iqbal. 2013.Principle component analysis for the variation among the populations of Journal of

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26. The effect of packets relaying on theimplementation issues of the visual sensor node

27.

28.

29. Implementationof Wireless Vision Sensor Node With a Lightweight Bi-Level Video Coding

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

Arabidopsis

Citrus reticulata Citrus sinensisCitrus paradisii.

Bubalus bubalis

S Helicoverpa armigera International Journal ofMolecular Science,

Helicoverpa armigera

Helicoverpa armigera

Cirrhinusmrigala

Labeo rohita.

1

30


Animal and Plant Sciences, 23 (2): 487-492.

Rasool, F., N. A. Qureshi, S. Parveen, M. Siddique, M. Ashraf, A. Hameed, N. Khan and K. J. Iqbal.2013. Morphometric parameters assisted study of the hatchery raised and natural populations of

. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 45 (4): 903-907.

Saleem, K., S. Perveen, N. Sarwar, F. Latif, K. P. Akhtar and H. M. I. Arshad. 2013 Identification ofPhenolics in mango leaves extract and their allelopathic effect on Canary grass and Wheat.Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45 (5): 1527-1535.

Sarwar, G., G. Abbas and M. J. Asghar. 2013. Quantitative analysis of different yield related traits inlentil ( Medik.) germplasm. J. of Agri. Research, 51: 239-246.

Sarwar, M. 2013. Studies on incidence of insect pests (aphids) and their natural enemies inCanola L. (Brassicaceae) crop ecosystem. International Journal of ScientificResearch in Environmental Sciences, 1 (5): 78-84.

Sarwar, M. 2013. Assessment of genetic divergence in Rapeseeds L. andL. crops for exploitation of host plant tolerance to Aphid (Sulzer).

Journal of Cereals and Oilseeds, 4 (8): 101-105.

Sarwar, M. 2013. Categorization of selected canola L. varieties/ lines for toleranceto natural infestation of aphid (Sulzer). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 6(3): 35-39.

Sarwar, M. 2013. Comparative suitability of soil and foliar applied insecticides against the Aphid(Sulzer) (Aphididae: Hemiptera) In Canola L. International Journal

of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences, 1 (7): 138-143.

Sarwar, M. 2013. Comparing abundance of predacious and phytophagous mites (Acarina) inconjunction with resistance identification between Bt and non-Bt cotton cultivars. AfricanEntomology, 21 (1): 108-118.

Sarwar, M. 2013. Estimation of genetic divergence in rice ( L.) germplasms on thebasis of paddy yield and rice stem borer's (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) resistance. Journal of Science,Technology and Development, 32 (2): 104-109.

Sarwar, M. 2013. Exploration on resource of resistance in chickpea ( L.) genotypesto gram pod borer (Hubner) (Lepidoptera). African Journal of AgriculturalResearch, 8 (26): 3431-3435.

Sarwar, M. 2013. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) - A constructive utensil to manage plantfatalities. Research and reviews: Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, 2 (3): 1-4.

Sarwar, M. 2013. Management of Spider Mite (Boisduval)(Tetranychidae) infestation in cotton by releasing the predatory Mite

(Xin, Liang and Ke) (Phytoseiidae). , 65 (1): 37-42.

Sarwar, M. 2013. Relative degree of susceptibility and resistance of differentL. genotypes against Aphid - A field investigation. The Nucleus, 50(1): 81-86.

Sarwar, M. 2013. Studies on resistance discrepancy in seeds of local and exotic lentil (Medikus) genotypes against L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). African

Entomology, 21 (2): 273-279.

Sarwar, M. 2013. Study on Differences in Some New Mustard L. Genotypesfor Having Resistance and Susceptibility Feedback Infected with Aphid (Sulzer)(Homoptera: Aphididae). Global J. of Scientific Researches, 1 (3): 80-84.

Sarwar, M. 2013. Survey on screening resistance resources in some chickpea ( L.)genotypes against gram pod borer (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)pest. International J. of Agricultural Sciences, 3 (3): 455-458.

Sarwar, M. 2013. The inhibitory properties of organic pest control agents against Aphid(Aphididae: Homoptera) on Canola L. (Brassicaceae) under field environment. Int.J. of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences, 1 (8): 195-201.

Sarwar, M. 2013. The theatrical usefulness of olive L. (Oleaceae Family) nutritionin human health: A Review. Sky Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 2 (1): 1-4.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

Biological Control

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

53.

Labeo rohita

Lens culinaris

Brassica napus

Brassica napus Brassicacampestris Myzus persicae

Brassica napusMyzus persicae

Myzus persicae Brassica napus

Oryza sativa

Cicer arietinumHelicoverpa armigera

Tetranychus cinnabarinusNeoseiulus

pseudolongispinosus

Brassica campestrisMyzus persicae

Lensculinaris Callosobruchus analis

Brassica campestrisMyzus persicae

Cicer arietinumHelicoverpa armigera

Brassica napus

Olea europaea

.

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

Sarwar, M. 2013. Valuation of some aromatic rice ( L.) genetic materials to achievetolerant resources for rice stem borers (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). International Journal of ScientificResearch in Environmental Sciences, 1 (10): 285-290.

Sarwar, M. and M. Sattar. 2013. Varietals variability of winter rapes ( L.) for theirsusceptibility to green aphid, (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Pakistan Journalof Zoology, 45 (4): 883-888.

Sarwar, M. F., M. H. Sarwar, M. Sarwar, N. A. Qadri and S. Moghal. 2013. The role of oilseedsnutrition in human health: A critical review. J. of Cereals & Oilseeds, 4 (8): 97-100.

Sarwar, M. H., M. F. Sarwar, M. Sarwar, N. A. Qadri and S. Moghal. 2013. The importance of cereals(Poaceae: Gramineae) nutrition in human health: A review. Journal of Cereals and Oilseeds, 4 (3):32-35.

Sarwar, M., M. Ashfaq, A. Ahmad and M. A. M. Randhawa. 2013. Assessing the potential ofassorted plant powders on survival of grain mite (Acari: Acaridae) in wheat grain. Int.J. of Agricultural Science and Bioresource Engineering Research, 2 (1): 1-6.

Sarwar, M., M. Hamed, B. Rasool, M. Yousaf and M. Hussain. 2013. Host preference andperformance of fruit flies (Saunders) and (Coquillett)(Diptera: Tephritidae) for various fruits and vegetables. International Journal of ScientificResearch in Environmental Sciences, 1 (8): 188-194.

Sarwar, M., M. Hamed, M. Yousaf and M. Hussain. 2013. Identification of resistance to insectpests infestations in cotton ( L.) varieties evaluated in the field experiment.Int. J. of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences, 1 (11): 317-323.

Sarwar, N., S. Ashfaq, K. P. Akhtar and F. F. Jamil. 2013. Biological pathotyping and RAPD analysis of, from various chickpea growing areas of Pakistan. The Journal of Animal and

Plant Sciences, 23: 882-887.

Shah, T. M., Z. Iqbal, M. R. Asi and B. M. Atta. 2013. Induced genetic variability for fatty acids andoil contents in chickpea ( ). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 15 (3):419-426.

Shahid, M. A., M. Y. Ashraf, M. A. Pervez, R. Ahmad, R. M. Balal and F. Garcia-Sanchez. 2013.Impact of salt stress on concentrations of Na , Cl and organic solutes concentration in peacultivars. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45: 755-761.

Suleman, N., R. J. Quinell and S. G. Compton. 2013. Variation in inflorescence size in a dioecious figtree and its consequences for the plant and its pollinator fig wasp. Plant Systematics andEvolution, 299: 927-934.

Suleman, N., S. Raja and S. G. Compton. 2013. Parasitism of a pollinator fig wasp: mortalities arehigher in figs with more pollinators, but are not related to local densities of figs. EcologicalEntomology, 38: 478-484.

Suleman, N., S. Raja R. J. Quinell and S. G. Compton. 2013. Putting your eggs in several baskets:oviposition in a wasp that walks between several figs. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,149: 85-93.

Tanveer, H., S. Ali and M. R. Asi. 2012. Appraisal of an important flavonoid, quercetin, in callusculture of . Int. J. of Agriculture and Biology, 14: 528-532.

Waraich, E. A., Z. Ahmed, R. Ahmad, M. Y. Ashraf, Saifullah, M. S. Naeem and Z. Rengel. 2013., a climate proof crop, has high nutritive value and multiple uses: a review.

Australian Journal of Crop Science, 10: 1551-1559.

Wicke, B., E. M. W. Smeets, R. Akanda, L. Stille, R. K. Singh, A. R. Awan, K. Mahmood and A. P. C.Faaij. 2013. Biomass production in agroforestry and forestry systems on salt-affected soils inSouth Asia: Exploration of the GH balance and economic performance of three case studies. J. ofEnvironmental Management, 127: 324-334.

Yousaf, S., G. Rasool, I. Amin, S. Mansoor and M. Saeed. 2013. Interference of a synthetic repprotein to develop resistance against cotton leaf curl disease. International Journal of Agricultureand Biology, 15: 1140-1144.

Oryza sativa

Brassica napusMyzus persicae

Caloglyphus

Bactrocera zonata Bactrocera cucurbitae

Gossypium hirsutum

Ascochyta rabiei

Cicer arietinum

citrullus colocynthis

Camelina sativa

+ -

31


32

Annual Report 2013ActivityAppendices

VII. APPENDICES

i. Research Projectson-going

Title of the Project Source Budget

(Rs. M)

Principal

Investigator

Breeding for high yielding long grain rice with

adaptation to high temperatures (16589)

IAEA 1.09 Dr. Muhammad

Ashraf

Strengthening capabilities to monitor & control

veterinary drug residues in foodstuffs

IAEA 18.00 Dr. Uzma Maqbool

Improvement in nutrient and water use efficiency

under mulch-based cropping system

IAEA 2.01 Mr. Wajid Ishaq

Managing saline irrigation water involving isotopic

techniques for sustainable food/feed and fuel

production on salt-affected soils in semi-arid

environments

IAEA 1.12 Dr. Khalid

Mahmood

Supporting early warning response and control of

trans-boundary animal diseases in East Asia

IAEA Technical

Support/

training

Dr. Mudasser

Habib

Molecular epidemiology and control of foot-and-

mouth disease in Pakistan

IAEA 0.96 Dr. Mudasser

Habib

Evaluation of different Zincated fertilizers for

improving wheat yield and quality

Sabanci Uni.

Turkey

4.00 Dr. Khalid

Mahmood

Improvement of chickpea productivity through the

identification of drought tolerant and disease resistant

chickpea genotypes for marginal lands

PARB 19.80 Dr. Tariq M. Shah

Evaluation of phosphoric acid (52% P2O5) as an

alternative to commercial phosphate fertilizers and

enhancing its efficiency for higher crop productivity

PARB 13.93 Dr. Muhammad

Akhtar

Improvement of lentil germplasm for high seed yield

and disease resistance

PARB 15.12 Dr. Muhammad

Jawad Asghar

Control of Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) in rice through

management and resistant varieties

PARB 10.48 Hafiz Muhammad

Imran Arshad

Improvement of low phytate basmati rice PSF 2.40 Dr. Zia-ul-Qamar

Development of high yielding and disease resistant

hybrid of tomato

PSF 3.90 Dr. Muhammad

Yussouf Saleem

Isolation, characterization and bioremediation

potential of the EPS-producing biofilm bacteria from

brackish and polluted irrigation waters

PSF 2.40 Dr. Muhammad

Ashraf


Submitted

33

To establish a National Reference Laboratory formycotoxins

IAEA-TC Euro 0.70 M Dr. MuhammadRafique Asi

Induction and molecular characterization of herbicideresistance/tolerance in chickpea through inducedmutagenesis

IAEA-TC Euro 0.40 M Dr. Amjad Hameed

Isolation and characterization of mutations forherbicide tolerance in chickpea using TILLING

IAEA-RCA - Dr. Sobia Ikram

Characterization of chickpea wilt pathogens andidentification of wilt resistance genes in chickpea byTILLING approach

IAEA - Ms. Hina Ali

Exploring genetic, molecular, mechanical andbehavioral methods of sex separation in mosquitoes(IAEA code: D44001).

IAEA Euro 30,000 Dr. MuhammadSarwar

Screening drought tolerance and understanding itsmechanism in chickpea through integrated biochemicaland physiological profiling

ISESCO US$ 10,000 Dr. Amjad Hameed

Development of rapid, sensitive and cost effectivedetection method of bacterial leaf blight and graindiscoloration disease complex of rice

PSF 3.01 Hafiz MuhammadImran Arshad

Identification of experimental hosts of cotton leaf curlvirus

PSF 6.13 Mr. Khalid P. Akhtar

Post harvest technology for the preservation of storedwheat grain against insect pests

PSF 1.46 Dr. MuhammadSarwar

Development of cost effective and potential biocontrolagents for area wide management of sucking pests inBt cotton

PSF 1.80 Dr. Naiza Suleman

Development of heat tolerant cotton varieties havingenhanced resilience against changing climatic scenario

PARC-ALP 12.70 Dr. Manzoor Hussain

Development of microbial-based strategies forbiocontrol of plant pathogens

PARC-ALP 6.82 Dr. Rubina Arshad

Induction and characterization of brown spot diseaseresistance in Basmati rice

PARC-ALP 5.51 Dr. M. Rashid

Development of salt tolerant citrus rootstocks throughgenomic approaches

PARC-ALP 5.80 Dr. Ehsan Ullah Khan

Genetic enhancement in Kabuli chickpea for high yieldand disease resistance

PARC-ALP 7.00 Ms. Hina Ali

Development of cotton germplasm/varietiesresistant/tolerant to newly emerging sucking insectpests

PARC-ALP 8.13 Dr. Sajjad Haider

Screening and development of high yielding heattolerant wheat genotypes

PARC-ALP 8.50 Dr. Babar M. Atta

Improvement of chickpea for drought and frost stressusing matabolomics and geonomics assisted breeding

PARC-ALP 6.50 Dr. Sobia Ikram

Genomics and metabolomics assisted breeding for frostand drought tolérance in chickpea

PARC-ALP - Dr. Sobia Ikram

Management of economically important tomatodiseases, using environment friendly chemicals andplant extracts

PARC-ALP 6.00 Dr. Nighat Sarwar

Rearing and ecological studies of egg parasitoidsTrichogramma for biological control of lepidopterouspests of okra, cauliflower and tomato

PARC-ALP 2.60 Dr. Sajid Nadeem

Integrated management of fruit flies (Tephritidae:Diptera) in fruits and vegetables

PARC-ALP 3.00 Dr. MuhammadSarwar

Sustainable integrated management of whitefly incotton: Insect growth regulators (IGRS) and biologicalcontrol, the Environment Friendly Approaches

PARC-ALP 6.00 Dr. Nazia Suleman

Appendices


34

Baseline susceptibility, resistance monitoring oflepidopteran pests to cotton varieties of Cry IAC andtheir resistance management

PARC-ALP 10.20 Dr. Rashid AhmadKhan

Management of cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn.by implementation of insecticide resistancemanagement strategies

PARC-ALP 9.10 Dr. Rashid AhmadKhan

Management of post harvest losses in maize: Aflatoxin:Pest Activity

PARC-ALP 9.80 Mrs. Asia Riaz

Pathogenic and genetic variability in Bipolaris oryzae

causing Brown Spot Disease of Rice.PARC-ALP 4.52 Hafiz M. Imran

ArshadStudies on the remediation of mineral born disorders inlivestock

PARC-ALP 4.70 Mr. Mujahid Hussain

Microbial production of amino acids from agro -industrial waste and their role in poultry feed

PARC-ALP 5.00 Dr. Shahid Nadeem

Development of locally prepared progresteronesponges for estrus synchronization methods to improvereproductive performance of buffalo

PARC-ALP 6.49 Ms. Rehana Kauser

Monitoring of veterinary drug residues in animal -derived food (livestock, poultry & aquaculture)

PARC-ALP 4.50 Mr. M. IsmailChughtai

Isolation, molecular characterization andepidemiological investigation of highly pathogenicNewcastle disease virus

PARC-ALP 5.50 Mr. M. SalahuddinShah

Studies on the effect of feeding Bt Cotton based animalfeeds on the production and reproduction of livestock

PARC-ALP 5.20 Hafiz NoubaharHussain

Economics of farming under drip irrigation and itsadoption: Empirical Investigations from differentfarming systems

PARC-ALP 2.70 Dr. M. Asif Kamran

Integrated management of brinjal fruit and shoot borerwith emphasis on biological control

PARC-ALP 4.50 Dr. MuhammadHamed

Control of excessive fruit drop and improvement inyield and quality of kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata

Blanco.) through management of plant nutrients andgrowth regulators

PARC-ALP 5.41 Dr. M. Yasin Ashraf

Development of high yielding drought tolerant cottonvarieties using physiological/ molecular strategies

PARC-ALP 5.38 Dr. M. Yasin Ashraf

Development of vegetatively propagated and earlygraftable citrus root stock ( Jatti Khatti) nursery throughmicrobial/ chemical interventions

PARC-ALP 4.20 Dr. Asma Hassan

Bioremediation of brackish and polluted irrigationwaters of the salt-affected lands by bio-retention cellsand the sugar factory wastes

PARC-ALP 11.00 Dr. M. Ashraf

Integrated biological and chemical approaches forrehabilitation and maximizing productivity of degradedsoils through cultivation of salt and drought tolerantplants

PARC-ALP 4.00 Mr. Abdul RasulAwan

Integrated herbicide use for sustainable weedmanagement in limited water rice production systems

PARC-ALP 4.50 Dr. M. Saleem

Augmenting foliar feeding for enhancing wheat yield PARC-ALP 3.00 Dr. Tariq M . QureshiSelenium Biofortified wheat: Low cost biofortificationstrategies to improve human nutrition

PARC-ALP 3.90 Mr. Nadeem Sarwar

Developing guidelines for improving water useefficiency and testing of locally developed watersoluble fertilizers under drip irrigation system forvarious crops

PARB 5.872 Mr. Zafar Iqbal

Appendices

35


ii. Farmers' Days

Demonstration on use of Phosphoric acid as P fertilizer to the farmers

36


iii.Training Courses and Workshops

37


Plant Breeding & GeneticsDivision

Plant Protection Division

Dr. Tariq M. Shah , PS/HoD

Dr.S.M.Sarwar A. Anjum , DCS

Dr. Nasim Akhtar , DCS

Dr. Manzoor Hussain , PS

Dr. M. Yussouf Saleem, PS

Dr. Rubina Arshad , PS

Dr. Muhammad Asghar, PS

Ms. Hina Ali, PS

Dr. Muhammad Rashid, PS

Dr. Ehsan Ullah Khan, PS

Dr. Sajjad Haider, PS

Mr. Mahmood ul Hassan, PS

Dr. Zia ul Qamar, PS

Dr. Amjad Hameed, PS

Dr. Babar Manzoor Atta, SS

Dr. M. Kashif Riaz Khan, SS

Dr. Muhammad Ashraf , SS

Mr. Ghulam Abbas, SS

Dr. M. Jawad Asghar, SS

Dr. Sobia Ikram, SS

Dr. Qumer Iqbal, SS

Miss. Noreen Bibi, JS*

Mr. Abdul Rehman Khan, JS*

Miss Aqsa Tabasum, JS*

Hafiz Mumtaz Hassan, JS

Mr. Sajid Shokat, JS

Dr. Nighat Sarwar, DCS/HoD

Dr. Sajid Nadeem, PS

Dr. Muhammad Sarwar, PS

Dr. Nazia Suleman, PS

Dr. Rashid Ahmad Khan, PS

Dr. M. Rafique Asi, PS

Mr. Khalid Pervaiz Akhtar, PS

Mrs. Asia Riaz, SS

Mrs. Sumaira Yousaf, SS

Hafiz M. Imran Arshad, SS

Mr. Noor Abid Saeed, JS

Mr. Kamran Saleem, JS

- -

- -

38


iv. Scientists/Administration

Dr. Muhammad Hamed, DCS/Director

Soil Science Division

Animal Sciences Division

Technical Services Division

Dr. Khalid Mahmood, DCS/HoD

Dr. Javed Akhtar, CS

Dr. Tariq Mahmood, DCS

Mr. Zafar Iqbal, DCS

Dr. M. Yasin Ashraf (TI), DCS

Dr. Asma Hassan, PS

Dr. Muhammad Ashraf , PS

Dr. Muhammad Akhtar**, PS

Mr. Abdul Rasul Awan, PS

Dr. Zafar Iqbal , PS

Miss Asia Gulnaz, SS

Mr. Muhammad Yaqub, SS

Dr. Muhammad Saleem, SS

Dr. Rehmat Ali, SS

Mr. Muhammad Rizwan, SS

Mr. Wajid Ishaque, SS

Mrs. Shermeen Tahir*, SS

Mr. Asif Naeem, JS

Dr. Muhammad Atif Riaz, JS

Mr. Nadeem Sarwar, JS/FM

Mr. Sabir Ali Sabir, ARO

Mr. Sami Ullah, ARO (Contract)

Mr. Mujahid Hussain, PS/HoD

Dr. Shahid Nadeem, PS

Dr. Uzma Maqbool, PS

Mrs. Rehana Kausar, SS

Dr. Mudasser Habib, SS

Mr. M. Ismail Chughtai, SS

Mr. M. Salah-ud-Din Shah, JS

Mrs. Shumaila Yousaf, JS

Hafiz Noubahar Hussain, JS

Mr. Tarique Hussain*, JS

Mr. Masood-ul Hasan, PE/HoD

Mr. Arfan Waheed, PS

Dr. Naeem Ahmad, SS

Mr. Jafar Hussain, SS

Dr. M. Asif Kamran, SS

Mr. Muhammad Akram, ARO

-

Administration

Abbreviations

Mr. Sajjad Mahmud, Pr.A

Lt. Col. (R) Abrar Hussain Shah,OC 765 (I) Bn SSF

Mr. Rashid S. Awan, SAO/HLAO

Mr. Zulfiqar Ali, AO

Mr. M. Shahid Iqbal, PSO

Mr. Tahir Mahmood, AdO

Mr. M. Riaz Kausar, AAO

Mr. Muhammad Ilyass, AL

AAO: Assistant Accounts Officer

AdO: Administrative Officer

AL: Assistant Librarian

AO: Accounts Officer

ARO: Assistant Research Officer

DCS: Deputy Chief Scientist

FM: Farm Manager

HLAO: Head, Local Account Office

HoD: Head of Division

JS: Junior Scientist

PE: Principal Engineer

Pr.A : Principal Administrator

PS: Principal Scientist

SAO: Senior Accounts Officer

SS: Senior Scientist

* on study leave

** on post doctoral studies

Appendices

39


v. Promotions

S.# Name From To On

1. Dr. Javed Akhtar Dy. Chief Scientist Chief Scientist 01-12-2013

2. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013

3. Dr. Nazia Suleman Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013

4. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Khan Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013

5. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013

6. Dr. M. Rafique Asi Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013

7. Mr. Mahmood-ul-Hassan Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013

8. Dr. Zia-ul-Qamar Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013

9. Dr. Amjad Hameed Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013

10. Mr. Khalid Pervaiz Akhtar Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2013

11. Dr. Qumer Iqbal Jr. Scientist Sr. Scientist 01-12-2013

vi. Transfers/Postings

S.# Name and Designation From To On

1. Mrs. Um-e-Robab, SS NIAB, Faisalabad PINSTECH, Islamabad 20-05-2013

2. Dr. Tariq M. Qureshi, SS NIAB, Faisalabad PINSTECH, Islamabad 16-12-2013

3. Mr. Muhammad Asif,

Sr. LibrarianNIAB, Faisalabad AEMC, Lahore 20-12-2013

4. Mr. Muhammad Ilyass, Asstt

Librarian

PINSTECH,

IslamabadNIAB, Faisalabad 24-12-2013

vii. Appointments

S.# Name Designation Date

1. Mr. Nadeem Sarwar Jr. Scientist 30-05-2013

2. Dr. Sobia Ikram Sr. Scientist 10-06-2013

3. Mr. Sami Ullah ARO (Contract) 05-09-2013

viii. Retirements

S.# Name Designation Date

1. Dr. Shahnaz A.Khanum DCS/Head ASD 01-07-2013

Appendices

40

Annual Activity Report 2013

ix. Visits of Local/Foreign Delegates

Visit of Chairman PAEC and other dignitaries at

Pakka Anna

Visit of Mr. Ali Boussaha, Director Tech.

Cooperation IAEA and Director (A&B)

Visit of Director Project Coordination PAEC HQ

Visit of Dr. James SASANYA, Tech. Officer IAEA

Visit of Dr. Surapong Sarkarung, Rice Scientist

from IRRI, Philippine

Visit of Chinese Scientists to cotton field

Appendices

41

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43

Annual Activity Report 2013Appendices

NIAB, P.O.Box 128, Jhang Road, Faisalabad

Tel: 0092 41 2654210; 9201751-69; Fax: 9201776

Email: [email protected]

Web: www.niab.org.pk

Documents

NIAB · 2014-06-25 · NIAB Annual Activity Report Editors Dr. Muhammad Hamed DCS/Director Dr. Khalid Mahmood DCS/Head SSD Dr. Nighat Sarwar DCS/Head PPD Dr. Tariq Mahmud Shah PS/Head