Are you good at Chinese
calligraphy? How did you get
interested in it?
Which style of calligraphy do you
prefer and why?
What do you think of Chinese
calligraphy?
a. Chinese brush
b. ink
c. official script
d. regular script
e. grass writing
f. cursive
handwriting
1. colored liquid for writing, drawing and printing
2. writing brush
3. (in Chinese calligraphy) running hand
4. an ancient style of calligraphy current in the Han Dynasty
5. standard script of handwriting
6. (in Chinese calligraphy) characters executed swiftly and with strokes flowing together
“Four Treasures of the Study”
brush inkstick paper inkstone
Styles of Chinese calligraphy
regular/standard script 楷书
clerical script 隶书
semi-cursive script 行书
Zhaoji Emperor Huizong (November 2, 1082 – June 4, 1135) was the eighth and one of the most famous emperors of the Song Dynasty of China, with a personal life spent amidst luxury, sophistication and art but ending in tragedy.
He was the 11th son of Emperor Shenzong. In February 1100 his older half-brother Emperor Zhezong ( 哲宗 ) died without a surviving son, and Huizong succeeded him the next day as emperor. He reigned from 1100 to 1126.
Cuju
(Chinese: 蹴鞠 ; pinyin: cùjú; literally "kick ball", pronounced [tsʰûtɕy@]) is an ancient code of football with similarities to association football. It originated in China and was also played in Korea, Japan and Vietnam. The game of cuju was first mentioned in the Zhan Guo Ce (under State of Qi's section) and later in the Sima Qian's Shiji (under Su Qin's biography), written during the Han Dynasty.
Directions: Read the Text A by yourself, with the
help of the vocabulary list; Try to complete the blanks in the text
summary; Compare your answers with your
partner.
The ______ of emperors reflect the different ______ that ruled the nation, and even their ______ abilities.
Huizong is a very famous ______. His
writing style, comprising ______ and ______strokes, is called“______”. ______ as
well as ______ enjoyed their ______ social position during his reign. Another master
calligrapher is ______. He was ______ from Huizong. His handing writing was ______,
______, but formulated in accordance with
______.
The calligraphy of emperors reflect the different characters that ruled the nation, and even their leadership abilities.
Huizong is a very famous calligrapher. His writing style, comprising thin and straight strokes, is called “ slender gold”. Calligraphers as well as painters enjoyed their highest social position during his reign. Another master calligrapher is Qianlong. He was different from Huizong. His handing writing was stretched out, bold, but formulated in accordance with regulations.
accomplished adj. being good at sth.
熟练的 , 擅长的 , 有才能的 , 有专长的 e.g. an accomplished artist / actor / chef 技艺高超的艺术家 / 演员 / 厨师 She was an elegant and accomplished woman. 她是位优雅的才女。
accomplish v. finish
e.g. The task has been accomplished.
Many emperors loved calligraphy so
much that they became highly accomplished in the field. （ Para.① ）
译文：有很多帝王非常喜欢书法，以至于他们在书法领域取得了非凡的成就。
“ so + adj. / adv. + that” 此句型表示“ 如此……以至于……”。
reflect v. 反映 ; 显示 ; 反射
e.g. Their actions reflect their thoughts. 他们的行动反映了他们的思想。 The trees are clearly reflected in the
lake. 树木清晰地映在湖中
rule v. 支配，统治e.g. 1.Eighty million years ago, dinosaurs ruled the earth. (vt.) 2. She once ruled over a vast empire. (vi.)
n.规则，规定；支配，统治
e.g. the rules of basketball
We are under the rule of President Xi Jingping.
pursuit n. 追求
e.g. the pursuit of happiness/knowledge/dreams
pursue v.
e.g. to pursue your dreams
On the other hand, his endless pursuit of
beauty in form made him overlook the
overall setting, indicating that he lacked
resolution, persistence and creativity.
（ Para. ② ） 句中分词 indicating 后跟 that 引导宾语从句，
整个 indicating 短语做状语来修饰全句。
译文：另一方面，他对形式美的不懈追求使得他忽略了整体的格局，这显示了他在果断性、持久性和创造性方面的缺陷。
overlook
2. 忽视，忽略 e.g. 我们不应该忽视困难。
We should not overlook difficulties.
3. 宽容，放过（过失，缺点） e.g. I can overlook her bad points.
1.俯瞰，眺望
e.g. a restaurant overlooking the lake
resolution n.
决议e.g. to pass/adopt a resolution
决心e.g. 1. They made a resolution to lose all the weight gained during the Christmas
holidays. 2. Have you made any new term’s
resolutions ?
persistence n. 坚持不懈，执着；持续
e.g. 1. Great persistence is necessary for success.
2. He was annoyed by a fly’s persistence in landing on his nose.
一只苍蝇要飞落在他鼻子上，这使他大为恼火。
persistent adj. 坚持不懈的；持续的e.g. 1. She can be very persistent when she wants something. 2. persistent rain/pain
devote to 致力于，奉献
devote your time/energy/attention etc to sth
e.g. He wanted to devote his energies to writing films.
devote oneself to sthe.g. She devoted herself to her career.
comment
n. 评论 ; 解释e.g. She made helpful comments on
my work. 她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。v. 表达意见 (on/upon sth)e.g. I don’t feel I can comment on
their decision. 我举得我无法对他们的决定作出评论
。
stretch 伸展，舒展；伸出
e.g. He stretched and yawned lazily. 他伸了伸懒腰，打了个哈欠。 Don’t stretch your head out. 别把头伸到窗
外。
bold 大胆的，敢于冒险的；粗体的，黑体的
e.g. The wine made him bold enough to
approach her. 他趁着酒劲，鼓足勇气上前和她说话。Highlight the important words in bold
type.用黑体突出重要词语。
in accordance with 根据，按照e.g. He did not act in accordance with the orders
．他没有遵照命令办事。
This is done in accordance with the instructions of the principal.
这是依照校长指示做的。
invasion n. 入侵，侵略e.g. the Roman invasion of Britain
invade v.e.g. The Roman invaded Britain in 55 B.C.
ban v. 禁止，取缔 e.g. Canada will ban smoking in all offices later this
year. 加拿大将于今年晚些时候禁止在所有办公场所吸烟。
He was banned from driving for three years. 他被禁止驾驶 3 年。n. 禁止，取缔
e.g. a three-year driving ban
refer to 涉及，谈到，提到；关系到
e.g. Her mother never referred to him again.
她的母亲再也没有提起过他。 You know who I’m referring to. 你知道我指的是谁。
enhance v. 提高；加强；增加 e.g. The White House is eager to protect and
enhance that reputation. 白宫急于保护并提高那声望。
to enhance taste, flavor and color.
evident adj. 清楚的；显然的显而易见的e.g. It was evident that she had once been a
beauty. 很显然，她曾经是个美人。 It was clearly evident that she was unhappy.
Her love for him was evident in all that she did.
evidence n. 证据，证明e.g. I was asked to give evidence at the trial. 我被要求出庭作证。 There is no evidence that he is guilty. 没有证据证明他有罪
Qianlong's handwriting was stretched out,
bold, but formulated in accordance with regulations. （ Para. ④ ）
句中” stretched out, bold, formulated in accordance with regulations” 是表语。
译文：乾隆的书法是舒展的，轮廓清晰的，并且是中规中矩的。
e.g. The question is whether he will come
here in time tomorrow.
After ascending the throne, Qianlong
defended his empire from invasions and encouraged land reclamations. （ Para. ④）
句中” After ascending the throne” 是介词after与动名词短语构成的介词短语，作时间状语。
当主从句的主语一致时，从句中的主语可以省略，谓语动词以分词形式开头。
译文：登基之后，乾隆保卫自己的国土不受侵犯并且鼓励开荒。
His pride at what he viewed as enhanced
national strength was evident in his
calligraphic works. （ Para. ④ ） at what 是介词加关系代词的结构； what 所引导
的是宾语从句。
译文：他对于他提升国力的自豪在他的书法作品中显露无疑。
speak of 谈到 , 请到 spring to mind 马上想到 , 跃入脑海 end with 以……结束 in form 在形式上 be addicted to 沉溺于某物 / 事 devote...to... 专心致力于某物 / 事 in accordance with 与某物 / 事一致 , 按照某物 /
事 be related to 与某物 / 事有关
go against 与某物 / 事相悖
defend...from... 保护某人免受某事危险
put... in jail 把某人关入监狱
refer to 提到 , 涉及
set up 建立，创立
1. What does the old Chinese saying “Calligraphy is a mirror to a person’s character.”mean?
A. Calligraphy was very important in ancient China.
B. Calligraphy was important to every person.
C. Calligraphy could reflect the character of the emperor.
2. Who created the writing style“slender gold”?
A. Emperor Huizong.
B. Emperor Qianlong.
C. A calligrapher of the Qing Dynasty. 3. What is NOT true about
Huizong’s Calligraphy? A. Slanting strokes are sharp. B. Stretched out. C. Horizontal strokes ended with hooks.
4. Which is the feature of Qianlong’s
calligraphy in the following list?
A. Creative. B. Persistent. C. Devoted to art.
5. Which was NOT done during
Qianglong’s reign?
A. Set up publishing house to compile history
books.
B. Defended his empire from invasions and
encouraged land open-up.
C. Organized many calligraphy competitions.
___ calligraphy
___ slender gold
___ reign
___ ascend the
throne
___ invasion
___ persistence
a. become king or queen b. the action of an army
entering a country by force
c. continue to do with determination
d. handwriting produced with brush or special pen
e. the period during which a king or queen rules
f. the calligraphy created in Song Dynasty
1. Does this letter ______ how you really think?
2. We ______ every customer as a partner. 3. This man is an ______________ professer. 4. He ________ the courage to join the army. 5. He exercises everyday in ________ of
health. 6. Will you _________ your name in the book?
reflect
viewaccomplishedlacked
pursuit
inscribe
accomplishment reflect pursuit lack
inscribe view
1. Their eyes mirror their thoughts.
2. Her hands were shaking so badly that she couldn’t hold her glass.
3. Jack’s great strength as a policeman in America was his ability to seek help when he wasn’t able to solve a crime.
他们的眼睛反映他们的思想。
（手）抖得厉害以至于她都拿不稳杯子了。
当他不能破案时他寻求帮助的能力。
4. Tom Watson, Sr., who founded IBM and was its guiding force for over 40 years, knew the importance of learning from mistakes.
5. The factory’s output this year is three times as much as that of last year.
6. People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the famous movie star.
无论是老人还是青年人
老汤姆•沃森是 IBM 的创立者， 40 多年来也一直是它的指导性力量
是去年的产量的三倍
Statement Your answer
Zhaoji created the “Slender gold”.
Calligraphers and painters enjoyed their highest social position in the Song Dynasty.
The Qing Dynasty produced more masters than any other.
Nowadays not every authentic ancient work carries a Qianlong seal.
Qianlong’s characters were fluid in their strokes, and balanced in construction.
Qianlong showed his pride in enhancing the country’s strength in his calligraphy works.
How much do you know about Chinese calligraphy?
Tell some stories you know about some famous calligraphers.
Can you say something about the features of western calligraphy?
What’s the influence of Chinese calligraphy?
Transitive Verbs, Intransitive Verbs, Phrasal Verbs & Auxiliary Verbs
Transitive Verbs In syntax, a transitive verb is a verb that
requires both a direct subject and one or more objects. The term is used to contrast intransitive verbs, which do not have objects
e.g. You lifted the bag.
"bag" is the direct object of "lifted" I punished you.
"you" is the direct object of "punished"
I gave you the book.
"book" is the direct object, and "you" is the non-prepositional indirect object of "give"
John traded his apple and Jane's orange with her.
"his apple and Jane's orange" is the object of "traded", but "with her" is not
I ate the pie.
"pie" is an object of "ate"
I tried on the shoes.
"shoes" is an object of "tried"
Intransitive Verbs
In grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb that
has no object. This distinguishes it from a transitive verb, which takes one or more objects.
e.g.
When I entered the room he looked up.
Phrasal Verbs
A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and a preposition, a verb and an adverb, or a verb with both an adverb and a preposition, any of which are part of the syntax of the sentence, and so are a complete semantic unit. Sentences may contain direct and indirect objects in addition to the phrasal verb.[1] Phrasal verbs are particularly frequent in the English language. A phrasal verb often has a meaning which is different from the original verb.
Auxiliary Verbs
In linguistics, an auxiliary (also called helping verb, helper verb, auxiliary verb, or verbal auxiliary, abbreviated aux) is a verb functioning to give further semantic or syntactic information about the main or full verb following it. In English, the extra meaning provided by an auxiliary verb alters the basic meaning of the main verb to make it have one or more of the following functions: passive voice, progressive aspect, perfect aspect, modality, or emphasis.
Choose the best answer for each sentence.
1. —See what you have done! How come a pound of tomato at the cost of $20?
—But I ______ the change.
A. counted B. had counted C. did count D. count
2. One day in July 1977, New York was blacked out by an electricity failure, when hundreds of
stores were ______.
A. broken into B. broken in C. broken through D. broken up
3. The makers have ____ some cars with
dangerous faults, so their reputation will
not be damaged.
A. called offB. called up
C. called for D. called in
4. I ____ Jack at party by the other day; it
was the first time I had seen him in months.
A. came across B. faced with
C. fed on D. fell upon
5. The French pianist who had been praised very highly ______ to be a great disappointment.
A. turned up B. turned in
C. turned out D. turned down
6. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ______.
A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on
7. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will ______ fresh for several days.
A. be stayed B. stay
C. be staying D. have stayed
8. He will ______ Paris tonight.
A. arrive B. reach C. get D. be arrived
9. In the past 30 years China ______ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction.
A. has made B. have made
C. had made D. having made
10. If it is fine tomorrow, we ______ a football match.
A. have B. will have C. has D. shall has
Chinese calligraphy
Ancient China The oldest extant Chinese characters from
ancient China are Jiǎgǔwén characters carved on ox scapulas and tortoise plastrons. Brush-written examples decay over time and have not survived. During the divination ceremony, after the cracks were made, characters were written with a brush on the shell or bone to be later carved.(Keightley, 1978). With the development of Jīnwén (Bronzeware script) and Dàzhuàn (Large Seal Script) "cursive" signs continued. Moreover, each archaic kingdom of current China had its own set of characters.
Cursive styles such as Xíngshū (semi-cursive or
running script) and Cǎoshū (cursive or grass script) are less constrained and faster, where more movements made by the writing implement are visible. These styles' stroke orders vary more, sometimes creating radically different forms. They are descended from Clerical script, in the same time as Regular script (Han Dynasty), but Xíngshū and Cǎoshū were use for personal notes only, and were never used as standard. Caoshu style was highly appreciated during Emperor Wu of Han reign (140-87).
Cursive styles and hand-written styles
Printed and computer styles
Examples of modern printed styles are Song from the Song Dynasty's printing press, and sans-serif. These are not considered traditional styles, and are normally not written.
derive vi. alphabetical adj. pictorial adj. represent vt. logograph n.
simplify (simplified, simplified) vt.
flexible adj.
composition n.
variation n.
engrave vt.
tortoise n.
ideograph n.
uniform adj.
vary vi.
mythical adj.
prediction n.
ritual n.
oracle n. vessel n.
unify (unified, unified ) vt. prime minister chiefly adv. record-keeping n.
derive from 从…衍生出，起源于
e.g. 1. We can derive English “fiancee” from French.
我们可以把英语中的“ fiancee” 一词的起源追溯到法语。
2. This word is derived from Latin.
be composed of 由…组成= consist of
e.g. Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.=Water consist of hydrogen and oxygen.
represent v. 代表 ; 描绘 , 象征
e.g. 1. You are going to represent our college to attend the meeting.
2. This picture represents a girl playing the piano.
这幅画描绘一个在弹钢琴的少女。 3. X represents the unknown. X 表示未知数。
flexible adj. e.g. a flexible pipe a more flexible
method/approach/way flexible working hours
engrave v.
e.g. My name is engraved on the ring.
The ring is engraved with my name.
Please engrave my name on the ring!
vary v.
e.g. The weather varies hourly. He tried to vary his diet/meals.
variety n. 不同种类，多种样式 a variety of foodvariation n. （数量，水平等的）变化 e.g. seasonal variationvarious adj. various kinds of food
Rather, they were simplified images, indicating meaning through suggestion or imagination. (Para.①)
句中 rather 译为 “更确切地讲，更准确地说”。 译文：更确切地说，他们简化了意向，通过暗示和想象
表明含义。
or rather 也表“毋宁说；更确切地说” e.g. American, or rather Afro- american is good
at Jazz music. 美国人，或者更确切地说非洲裔美国人擅长爵士音乐。
Although the figures are not entirely uniform, they do not vary greatly in size. (②)
译文：尽管这些图形并不完全一致，他们在大小上差别不是太大。
e.g. Although I’m young, I already know what career I want to follow.
虽然我还很年轻，但是我已经知道了我要奋斗终生的事业。
由关系词 although 所引导的让步状语从句，意思是“尽管，虽然”。
though 置于句首或者句中也可引导让步状语从句。
e.g. Though I’m young, I already know what career I want to follow.
= Young though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.
as 位于句中作用相同。 = though = that, 它的词序是把句中强调的形容词 , 副词 , 动词或名词放在连词前。
e.g. Child as he is , he knows a lot of
Chinese characters.
Shihuangdi, the first emperor of Qin,
gave the task of working out a new
unified script to his prime minister, Li Si,
and permitted only the new style to be
used. (Para.④)
Shihuangdi 和 the first emperor of Qin
是同位语。 译文：秦国的第一个皇帝，秦始皇交给他的丞相李斯一个任务，即是让他找出一种新的统一字体，并且规定通用的字体只有这一种。
Unfortunately, the small-seal style could
not be written speedily and therefore was
not entirely suitable, giving rise to the
fourth stage, lishu, or official style. (Para.
⑤)
（ 1 ）句中 giving rise to the fourth stage
分词短语做状语。 （ 2 ）句中 fourth stage ， lishu ， official
style 是同位语。 译文：不幸的是，小篆体书写速度太慢所以不是
非常适合，因此导致了隶书的产生，中国书法发展到了第四阶段。。
derive from 由 某处 /某地起源 be composed of 由……组成 capable of 有……能力（或技能）
的 by means of 凭借……手段 / 方式 relate to 涉及，与某物 / 事 /人有
关
associate with 与某物 / 事 /人交往 ,
联系 work out 想出，制定出 give rise to 引起 , 导致
1. Where are the earliest known
Chinese logographs found?
A. Bones. B. Bronze. C. Vessels.
2. How many developing states of
Chinese Calligraphy have been
mentioned in the text?
A. Four. B. Five. C. Six.
3. What represents the third stage of development in Chinese calligraphy?
A. Writing on bronze vessels associated with ancestor worship.
B. Zhenshu (kaishu), or regular script.
C. Only the new style was permitted to be used in Qin.
4. Which statement is not true?
A. Uniform script was established to meet the growing demands of record-keeping.
B. Lishu replaced the small-seal style since it could not be written fast.
C. Dazhuan first appeared in Qin Dynasty.
5. In paragraph two, “uniform”
refers to _______.
A. similar
B. steady
C. costume
This is a ________(vary) society.
2. The application forms have now
been_______________ (simplify).
3. The word “love” is often __________
(represent) by a heart.
4. We need to agree on a _______ (unify)
basic price.
5. Computers offer a much greater degree
of _________ (flexible) in the way work is organized.
varying
simplified
represented
unified
flexibility
Speaking of the reason for me loving
calligraphy so much, my grandfather sprang
to my mind( 涌入了我的脑海 ). My grandfather
related to calligraphy all his life. He was
addicted to （沉溺于） practicing “slender
gold”. In form, the characteristic of this
writing style contains slim and straight
strokes.
During the Cultural Revolution, my
grandfather tried his best to defend the
calligraphic works from being destroyed
which led to him almost to be put in jail （关进了监狱） . To be frank, my grandfather
devoted his entire life and energy to （把他毕生的精力都献给了） calligraphy.
No. 99, Renmin Road Binhai
May 17th, 2011 To Whom It May Concern, It is my pleasure to recommend Miss. Li
Xiaomei for the position of sales assistant manager in your company.
Li Xiaomei will graduate from college this summer and she is interested in the position advertised in the newspaper and willing to work for your company. Li xiaomei worked very hard and got good scores when she was at college, and she got on well with classmates as well.
Taking her prospect into consideration, I highly recommend her to you.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Zhi
Administration school Dongfang University
The word calligraphy literally means beautiful writing. Before the invention of the printing press some 500 years ago, it was the way books were made. The handwriting was done with quill and ink onto materials like vellum or parchment. Calligraphy is the art of making beautiful or elegant handwriting. It is a fine art of skilled penmanship. Today, there are three main types or styles of calligraphy: Western or Roman, Arabic and Chinese.
Dialogue between heaven, Earth and All Beings is a digital art exhibition of Dong Yang Zi’s calligraphy. When most people look at Ms. Dong’s work for the first time, they may say, Wow, it is so enormous. But when you realize the innate meanings of her writings, it’s going to be 10 or even 100 times more touching. The written words all came from ancient poems and Ms. Dong used them to illustrate her reflections on the modern society. So we selected five works of her calligraphy and intended to look into their shapes and meanings.
M: Good morning. Can I see Mr. Jackson, please?
W: Well. Have you got his permission?M: Yes. We have an appointment at eight
o’clock.W: What’s your name, please?M: Robert. Philips Robert.
Well. I’d like to say something about myself. I studied Japanese at university. Then I got a job with an advertising agency as a secretary. In 2000, I went to abroad with a friend. Then I worked for a company which sold books and paintings. I was still single at 28. Then my parents started to worry. I was very interested in Jazz and I met my boyfriend at a Jazz club. My parents didn’t want their daughter to marry a foreigner. Without their permission, I gave up. But I still thought of it.
Nina: I’ve heard that most emperors were good at calligraphy. The Tang Dynasty Emperor Li Shimin was an avid collector of Wang Xizhi’s writings.
Steven: That’s right. Qing Dynasty Emperor Qian Long played a key role in compiling an authoritative collection of calligraphy. To some extent, preferences of the Emperors had an influence on the rise and fall of certain calligraphy genres.
Nina: Ordinary Chinese people also seemed to like calligraphy a lot.
This system was created by the first emperor of China, Qin Shihuang, when he ordered his administers to create a standard ideographic writing system for all Chinese. With this common writing system people from different parts of China could communicate in writing even though they spoke different dialects. In fact, the Chinese term for “civilization”, wen ming, is represented by the characters for literature and write, and so the term really means enlightenment from literacy. Thus writing was doubling important to the mandarins. It was the stuff of both civilization and spirituality.
In Kunming, the calligraphy show at the “598 Art Space” drew spectators from far and wide. Among them were professional artists as well as amateur devotees of the ancient art. Most works featured at the show were creations of local calligraphers of national renown.
Zhou Jun, organizer, said, "The mission of our show is to introduce the so-called high-brow art to ordinary people.”
For more than two thousand years, Chinese people used brushes to write, giving rise to the tradition of calligraphy. Handwriting still is considered a reflection of one's character and inner self.
Appreciating Chinese calligraphy without being able to read Chinese may sound difficult. What is one to look for? Everyone can appreciate the abstract quality of the line in Chinese calligraphy. The energy present at the moment of writing is visible in the finished piece; changes of speed, and force and handling of the brush create a rhythm which observers can follow, almost like moves of a dance.
Red seals contrast with the black ink and enliven in the composition. They are not the seals of the artist but the owners as the collector as well. The more esteemed the piece, the grater number seals can be found. Brush, paper, ink and ink stone were called the four treasures of the scholar studio. To be able to compose poetry and write calligraphy was an ideal most learned Chinese strove to achieve. Zhang Wei has been practicing the art of writing for most of his life. He is one of the contemporary masters of calligraphy. Here Mr. Wei is writing the character for tiger, in four of the major styles of calligraphy.
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