Calligraphy Calligraphy

8/13/2019 Calligraphy Calligraphy

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CALLIGRAPHY& LETTERINGDESIGNByArthurNewhall

WALTEROSTERublishing



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ANDLETTERINGESIGN

BYARTNEWHALL

WalterFosterPublishing,nc.23062LaCadena rive,Laguna il ls,CA92653

@ 1989,WalterFosterPublishing,nc.All rights eserved.This book has been published o aid the aspiringartist. Reproduction f the work forstudyor f inishedart is permissible.ny photomechanicaleproductionf art from the

publicationr art drawn rom hepublicationorcommercial urposess prohibited ith-outwritten onsent rom he publisher.



BasicChanceryCursive

Chancery trokeSequence

ChanceryStyles

Chancery amples

UncialFlourishes Swashes

The BlackLetter

Roman

Spencerian cript

Awards-Spencer ian. .

Renaissance . .

lntroduct ion.. . .

Materials

Basic nstruction

BasicSanSerifStyle .

Exploded iewAnd StrokeSequence

Numerals. . . . .

Batarde .. . .42

Versals . . . .44

Greet ing ards .. . 46

lnl ine . . . . . . 49

Logo&SymbolDesign .. . . . . . .50

TheSteelBrush . . . . . . . . 55

LettersAt Work . .. 56Conclus ion .. . . . . 64

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The remendousnterest ndpopulari ty f cal l igraphy mong hegeneral

public n ecent earshas ncreasedhescopeand he useof hisbeautiful

letteringorm.Aside rom tsobvious lace n theproduction f diplomas,

awards,estimonials nd verses; contemporary seof cal l igraphy asdeveloped,reating new,exciting emand or it in the designof logos,

movie it les,book jackets,album covers,sign design,menus, abels,posters,ype designand advertising to name ust a few.

This bookoffers he reader comprehensiveeference uideand studymanual. t presents myriadof alphabets nd heirapplicat¡onso study

and to copy.Beginners houldalwayshavegood examplesn front of

them while practicing.More advanced all igraphersan use he letter

stylesamplesor reference.

It is imporant o first earn he basicsand to becomecomfortable ithyour ools,but ry to be adventurousndcreative. ractice ith differentpens,papersand techniques.Develop our own stylesof lettering r

changeestabl ishedetter tyles o make hemyour own.

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The BroadPen s availablenvariety f shapes ndsizes.

FinePointNibs or detai llettering.

PENSAND INKCall igraphic let ter ing is doneprimari lywith a broadpen.Thereare two types of broad pens:dippensand ountain ens.Bothhaveinterchangeable ibs. There aremany brandson the market.The

main advantage f foqntainpensis their abi l i ty to hold a largesupply of ink, but they have al imited umber f n ibsizes nddonot ut i l ize permanent nk. Dippens producea cleaner,crisperl ine than fountainpens,but areslightlymore diff icult o master.You wil l needa jar of black ndia

ink or usewitha dip pen. t isveryimportant o keep both types ofpens clean.A small ar of waterkept nearby for dipping thepen and wiping i t c lean isrecommended.

A wide,small ar secured o a pieceof heavy ardor plastic eeps he nkcontainer table. he nk evel houldbe usthighenough or a dippedpen

load.

Extra-Fine o¡nt

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PAPER

Thereare many ypesof paperand boards uitableor call igraphy.Thechoicedepends n hequality nd ypeof workyouaredoing.A20 lb. ledgerbond is good for practice.For all-purposeettering,

1000/oag bristol board is favored.Bristol board comes in twof inishes, idandplate. hekid in ish s hebetter f the woas t hasa sl ight tooth."For he final oneof a kind" ob,a parchment aper

madespecif icallyor call igraphys available. howcard boardalsotakes nk beautiful ly. ive t a try.

MISCELLANEOUS

Yourequipment an be quitesimpleor veryextensive. drawingtable about 0"x 40"),achairanda goodsource f l ightarea mustif you are serious boutyour work.You wil l also needa t-square,several r iangles 30, 45, and 60 degreeangles and pencils,pens,pen cleaner, rasers, penci lsharpener,nk,opaquewhi tepaint forcorrectingmistakes) nd a few ettering rushes'



Cal l igraphicet ter ingsdonewith he broadpen.The angle he pen sheld s the key o the beaut i fu lthickand hin"style.A simple, asicletter tyle hat squiteeasy o executewith he broadpen sshownonpage7. The letter s a thick and thin Romanstylewithoutserifs. hisstyle s beautiful nd practical.t is sometimes al led StuntLydian"becauset ss imi lar o theLydian ype ace. hepen s held ai r ly ig id,point ingabove he r ight shoulder , e ld at a 35 degreeangle.Thevert ical down) trokes nd he horizontal trokes remadewith a firmwristaction. he pen s heldat a constant ngle never otated.

Use qualitybond paper for practice. t takes nk beautiful ly, nd isrelat ivelynexpensive.s ing our -square, rawguidel inesn a sheetof smooth l lustration oard, henplace t underneath sheetof bondpaper. Thisel iminaies aving o draw guidel ines n each pieceofbondpaper.) lwayskeepa smallpieceof cardor scrappapernearbyto check he nk owof yourpen.Aftereachdip of hepen,pul la shor tstrokeon the card o remove he excessnk.This s very mportant stoo much nkcreates sloppy ine.

Try using differentpen angles o acquaint ourselfwith the results.Constant ractices a must,and it is importanto haveEoodcopy infront of you for reference. lso,be sure o cleanyour pen requently

dip t in a arof waterandwipe t cleanwitha lint-free ag.At theendof a session, lean he nib with pencleaner ammoniaworks ine.

SPACING Thespacingbetweenetterss as mportant s the ettersthemselves. ood spacing nvolves qualizinghe opticalweight orsmoothness f the word. n uppercase etters he narrowest pace sbetween ound letterssuch as O and C. A slightlywider space sbetween straight etterand a round etter, ike I and O. The widestspace s betweenwostraight, ert icaletters uchas H and . Diagonalletters respaced ptical lyo equalizehe openarea;no darkor l ightsections houlddominate. roper pacing s called goodcolor."



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- INSTRUCTION-The Chancery letter is a favoritewith calligraphersbecauseof its beauty,functionandspeedof execution.t is great or a largeamountof copy.

The ChanceryCursive ital ic) etter endsitselfbeautifullyo the broadpen.The shapeof the lettersare all rather han at.The pen

angle is 45 degrees, ut the pitch of thestroke s 10-'15 egreesoff the vertical.Thependoesmostof theworkand ittlepressureis needed.Use one of the largernibs forpracticeas they are much easier o control.Follow he strokesequence s shown.Usethe guideline oard or practice.

BODYOF LOWERCASE5 PENWIDTHS

- Ascenders & Descendersequal o body height

CAPITALHEIGHT7-8 PENWDTHS

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STROKE EQUENCE

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-lNsrRUCTloNThe name Uncial" s derivedrom he Roman nchof height "uncia."

Uncial s an uppercasealphabet, ut i ts ascenders nd descenders ive t an

upperand owercase ook.

The Uncial etter orm smadewith a penangleof 35degrees. he etters re ull

and roundedwith considerable pen areas,so be carefulnot to overspace'Uncial hould eel hat t canbe contained etweenwo guidelines. healphabet

canbe used n a variety f heights ndwidths. t blendswellwith tal ic lphabets.

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UNCIAL

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FLOURISHESSWASHES

This"styl ish xtra" erves doublepurpose y enhancinghe spaceandaddingunexpectednterest.

I t is important hat the se strokes be executedwith discipl ineandplanning. he bold ribbonswash s donewith the samebroadpenusedfor the lettering. smallerpen s used or narrower washes nd a finepointpen s used or hairl inelourishes.

23



laINSTRUCTION-

The Black Letter, lso cal led Old English,"s a handsome, trong,condensed

style. t is a great orm for creatinga feelingof timespast.Today, t is often usedfor diplomas, wardsand othercertificates.

The BlackLetteralphabet as many stylesandweights.The basicsol id weight etter s not asdifficult as it appearsbecause he letters arequite uniform.The pen is held at a 30 degreeangle.The veryornateOld Englishwith hairl ineflourishesmustbe drawncareful lywith a sharp,

hardpencil ,hen nked n with a pointedpen.

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INSTRUCTIONThe Roman etter s the foundationof manyof the letter orms used oday.Roman

stonecuttersand scribesdevelopedhe classic orm.Thereare manyvariations f

the Roman etter, ut he basics emainunchanged.

The Romancapitalsare madewith a pen angleof 30 degrees. he serifson the

letters reexecutedby firstmakingan almosthorizontal trokeacross he op and

the bottomof the letter.Then the pen s arced o therightand to the left o finish

theserif.A shortvertical troke s made o finish ettersC, E,F,G, L, T, andS, henfi l led n.Thedetai led, recise lassicetters recareful ly rawnand nked n witha

finepen.

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-tNSTRUcrloNThiSclaSsyScript, lSO nOwnaS

"COpperplate" r "ROundhand,"S deal Or

awards,diplomas, estimonials, reetingcards or whenevera sophisticatedfeeling s desired.

COppERpLATE The intricate inglestroke etter s writtenat a slantof 54

degreeswith a f lexible,pointed,obliquepen. Copperplates developedwithpressure n the nib. The pressures gradually ncreasedrom a hairl ine o a

swell, hendecreased ack o a hairl ine.

SPENCERIAN Used for captions, ogos and nameplates, pencerians

practical nd beautiful. hecopy s carefullyaidouton tracingpaperwithpencil,

somewhatoversize.When he letterings accurate,t is transferredo illustration

boardand inked n carefullywith a pointedpen.Correctany slipswith opaquewhitepaintand t'sready or photo reduction.

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INSTRUCTION

Thisdecorativeetter tyleaddsmuchclassandeffectivenesshen he capitalsareused or the ead nit ial n a paragraph r a verse.

Beingveryornateand detai led,he lettermustbe careful lyaidout on tracing

paper,hen ransferredo the inalstock or inking.

lf using he broadpen,use he smallest ib andbuild he etterup with care.

lf the art s or reproduction,he racing houldbeslightly versize. ransfert toi l lust rat ionoard nddo the inal nk ingwi tha f inepointpen.Sharpen p heartwith opaquewhitepaintand t is ready or photo eduction.

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RENAISSANCE

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INSTRUCTION

Thisbeautiful ngular lphabet asdevelopedn Francen the ifteenth entury.

Batardesa naturalor he broadpen. t isa veryangularormand hestrokes re

madewith it i lediff culty. t is best o useoneof the argernib sizes o createhe

sharp ibboneffect. he pen s heldat a 45 degree ngle. he uppercase etters

arequitewideandcontrastwellwith he ightly-packedowercase etters'

Batarde ombines eautiful ly ith ChanceryCursive ndother tal ics'



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-tNSTRUcrloNThe name Versals"omes rom ts original seas he init ial etter f a verse.

Versals re al l etters ith an angular race. hemaincharacterist icf this etterstyle s the gentle apered laircurving n at the middleof thestroke. t is best openci l n the etter hape,henusea penwidth hatwil l giveyou onesideof the

stroke,hena dif ferent enwidth o createhe other.After his, he space s i l led

in to complete he stroke.Then hin seri fsare madewith a f lat pen angle.The

lettersB, D, G, P, R and U have aised nd lowered oopsaboveand below heguidel ines.

Bui ldup he etterwith wostrokes,hen i l l t in withpenor" rush.

Loops iseabove ndbelow heguidel ines.

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illNlLll lNl- INSTRUCTION-The Inlinestylecan be str ikingly ffective hen usedas a tit leor as the init ial

capital f a word. t hasgreat poster unch."

The Inl ine echnique equires omeplanning efore ts execution s the lettersmustbe wide enough o contain he str ipecomfortably. ach ettershouldbecarefully aid out with the center ine n place.One approach s to usea smallbroadpenand ettereachsideof the stroke, eavinghestripe n between. ut hebest echniques o letter he form completely nd hencarefully aint he nlinewith opaquewhitepaintanda smallbrush. hisrequires recise rushcontrol.

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lr,ufBOLLogo design s a vitalpartof promotional dvertising. good logocan providenstantndenti f icationnd recognition.

The best ogosare usual ly ui tesimpleand symbol ic .Many imesthe graphic ymbolalone reateshe company ignature.

A powerfuleffect s oftenachieved y groupingstylized nitials.

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LETTERINGWITHTHE

BrwhRUCTION

The SteelBrush s an interesting nd helpful ool. t is great or large ettering

because f itsextrawidth,andyou canuse hinnedposterpainton it aswellas nk.

SteelBrushes ange rom 1/4 inch to 3/4 inch wide.They make t possible o

fashion etters to 8 incheshigh.

TheSteelBrush s a fine ool or signor posterwork'Try supporting our hand

with a sign painter 'smahlstick. he flexible ip providesmore control han a

brush. or nterestingesults,rydipping hepen nto wo or morecolors ta time.

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ínIt has beenmy pleasureo sharemy life- long bsessionwith theletter orm with you. I hopeyou don't restr ict our letter ingo thebroad pen. Try the fine point f lexiblenibs and the steel brush.Experiment i th a showcardbrushand a signpainter 's uil l .Thesewil l al l contr ibute o your total call igraphic ki l ls. have demon-stratedmany alphabets nd styles; hey are here for the taking.Remember, veryminuteyou spendexploring his excit ingart is

yours o keep.Don't be afraid o be creative

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

To RossSarracino-forhis kindness nd understanding.To SydneySprague-for her professional elpand editing.To my wife,Emma-for herencouragementnd patience.



riousnstructionorSeriousrtists'll'h¿:>nhat the Artist's Library Seriess all

lürr-'il The books n this serieswill helpyou,us:¿n.J -ourcreativity,overcome echnicalnrr:r;-;ies.ndexplorenew media.Each64-pagep"*rerhackocuses n the materials ndmeth-qrrs ,trr specificmedium andprovidesstep-by-

w':: demonstrations, elpful tips,andplenty of

üÍi:tlr.Iragement.

Thequalityof instructionn this seriess

u;ns-irpassed.achbook s writtenand llustrat-r; :r aprofessionalrtistwhospecializesn thepr:ir"-ularmediumand s uniquelyqualified os;;e the eadero anew evelof expertise.

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AL13

Perspectiveby Wm. F.Poweil

AL14

Cartooningby Hal Tollison

AL15Calligraphy Lenenr.:D¿:.:.by Arthur Nerhall

AL16Watercolorih lfi.r¿¿1l¿;;;byDuane .Light

ALl7

OilPainting aterialsby Wm. F. Powell

AL18

WatercolorAcrylicMateriakby Wm. F. Powell

AL19

TheArt Of Framingby Charlene Brom

AL2O

FeltPen&WatercolorbyDuane .Light

AL21

Sculpturingby DomenicoMazzone

AL22EggTempera aintingby Kirk Miller

AL23Knife Paintingby Wm.F.Powell

AL24Marker Renderingby ToddMurrison

WalterFosterPublishing rovidesart nstruction roductsor all agesandskill evels. ormore nforma-tion,send or a freecatalog.

WalterFosterPublishing,nc23062LaCadenaDriveLagunaHills, CA92653 -t;

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