理论专题理论专题 11:演化经济地理学:演化经济地理学
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理论专题理论专题 11:演化经济地理学:演化经济地理学
• 演化经济地理学: 经济地理学发展的新方向
• Evolutionary economics and economic geography
• Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science
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演化经济地理学初现端倪
• 演化经济学对经济系统中新奇的创生、传播和由此导致的结构转变进行研究的科学
——Foss, 1994新奇是新的行动可能性的发现 ,是人类创造性的结果
——Witt ,1992
• 演化经济学对经济地理学的影响• 演化经济地理学研究的兴起
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演化经济地理学的基本主张
• 研究假设上的主张–反对完全理性的“经济人”假设–专注于经济系统的动态过程–认为演化结果非最优化
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演化经济地理学的基本主张
• 系统论是其分析方法• 新奇是演化的根本动力• 历史是演化的基础• 惯例是演化的轨道• 多样性是演化的方向
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研究的基本层面与基本议题
• 企业 / 组织层面• 产业 / 区域层面• 空间系统层面• 制度层面
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评价
• 演化经济学给经济地理研究提供了新思路• 问题
–理论来源本身有问题–未能全面吸收当代经济地理学的其他理论–研究内容尚未构成一个严密的体系–经验研究范围不广泛
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Evolutionary economics and economic geography
• 演化经济地理学是运用演化经济学的主要概念 ,如选择、路径依赖、机会和收益递增等来研究经济地理的两大主题–区域环境的空间特性对技术变革的新变化形式的潜在影响
–“新奇”如何影响空间系统的长期演化
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Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science
• Introduction– Methodenstreit has been raging in the field of
economic geography– Evolutionary economics can be considered a
third approach in economic geography– Objective is to outline the basic elements of
Evolutionary Economic Geography
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Methodenstreit in economic geography
• Institutional turn in economic geography Application of neoclassical economics– Institutional and neoclassical approaches
differ in methodology– Behavioural assumptions underlying
explanations of economic phenomena
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Three key issues in economic geography
• Usefulness of formal modelling
• Assumption debate
• Conceptualization of time
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Interface between NEG and EEG
• Common features– Possibility of multiple equilibria– Explaining how uneven spatial patterns
emerge from uniform or ‘neutral space’
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Interface between NEG and EEG
• Difference– Assumptions of utility maximization of
economic agents and homogeneity of agents (‘the representative agent’)
– Economic levels of aggregation– Treatment of dynamics– Underlying theory of agglomeration
economies
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Interface between IEG and EEG
• Difference– Attitude towards formal modelling– Treatment of context
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Summary of EEG
• Combine appreciative theorizing (inductive) and formal modelling (deductive)
• Take firms, and their routines, as the basic but not the sole unit of analysis
• Describes the spatial evolution of sectors and networks as a dynamic co-evolutionary process transforming neutral space into real places