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Slajd 1
Kwasy karboksylowe
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Slajd 2
Związki zawierające ugrupowanie karbonylowe
kwas karboksylowy ester
chlorek acylu
bezwodnik kwasowy
bromek acyluhalogenek acylu
amid
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Slajd 3
względna reaktywnośc pochodnych kwasów karboksylowych
rosnąca aktywność
chlorek acylu bezwodnik ester kwas karboksylowy amid
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Slajd 4
Kwasy karboksylowe reagują według tego samegomechanizmu
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Slajd 5
Nazewnictwo kwasówkarboksylowych
nazwa systematyczna:nazwa zwyczajowa:
kwas metanowykwas mrówkowy
kwas etanowykwas octowy
kwas propanowykwas propionowy
kwas butanowykwas masłowy
kwas pentanowykwas walerianowy
kwas heksanowy kwas propenowykwas akrylowy kwas benzenokarboksylowy
kwas benzoesowy
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Slajd 6
kwas α-chloropropanowy kwas γ-aminobutanowy
kwas β-metylobutanowy(kwas izowalerianowy)
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Slajd 7
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Slajd 8
Dimery kwasów karboksylowych stabilizowane wiązaniem wodorowym
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Slajd 9
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Slajd 10
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Slajd 11
najwięcej mniejnajmniej
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Slajd 12
Sole kwasów karboksylowych
beznoesan sodumrówczan sodu octan potasu
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Slajd 13
kwas karboksylowy silna zasada sól
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Slajd 14
sól odtworzony kwas
przykład
octan sodu kwas octowy
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Slajd 15
kwas octowy kwas chlorooctowy kwas dichlorooctowy kwas trichlorooctowy
kwas 4-chlorooctowy kwas 3-chlorooctowy kwas 2-chlorooctowy
mocniejszy kwas
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Slajd 16
alkohol alkoholan
kwas karboksylowy
anion karboksylanowy
ener
gia
stabilizacja anionu karboksylanowego
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Slajd 17
Estry
propanonian fenylu3-bromobutanonian
metylu cykloheksanokarboksylan etylu
octan etylu
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Slajd 18
kwas alkohol ester
przykład
kwas ftalowy ktalan dimetylu
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Slajd 19
protonowany kwas karboksylowy
Mechanizm estryfikacji katalizowanej kwasem
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Slajd 20
stabilizowane rezonansem ester
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Slajd 21
Aktywowanie kwasów karboksylowych
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Slajd 22
bezwodnik chlorosiarczanowy
Otrzymywanie chlorków kwasowych
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Slajd 23
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Slajd 24
lub
chlorek tionylu
chlorek oleilu
kwas oleinowy
kwas 3-fenylopropanowy
chlorek oksalilu
chlorek 3-fenylopropioilu
kwas 3-fenylopropanowy
przykład
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Slajd 25
kwas chlorek kwasowy ester
kwas benzoesowy chlorek benzoilu benzoesan etylu
lub
przykład
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Slajd 26
Estry cykliczne nazywane sąlaktonami
δ-kaprolakton β-butyrylolakton γ-butyrylolakton γ-kaprolakton
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Slajd 27
kwas diazometan ester metylowy
kwas cyklobutanokarboksylowy cyklobutanokarboksylan metylu
przykład
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Slajd 28
Reakcje estrówhydroliza
transestryfikacja
octan metylu kwas octowy
benzoesan metylu benzoesan etylu
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Slajd 29
Ta reakcja jest nieodwracalna
mechanizm hydrolizy estrów katalizowany jonem wodorotlenowym
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Slajd 30
aminoliza
propionian etylu N-metylopropionamid
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Slajd 31
Tłuszcze są triestrami glicerolu
tłuszcz glicerol sól sodowa kwasów tłuszczowychmydło
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Slajd 32
Amidy
etanoamidacetamid
4-chlorobutanoamidbenzenokarboksyamid
benzamid
cis-2-etylocykloheksanokarboksyamid
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Slajd 33
chlorek kwasowy amina amid
chlorek acetylu metyloamina N-metyloacetamid
przykład
Otrzymywanie amidów
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Slajd 34
kwas amina sól amonowa kwasu karboksylowego amid
kwas benzoesowy
etyloamina benzoesan etyloamoniowy N-etylobenzamid
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Slajd 35
Odwodnienie amidów
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Slajd 36
Hydroliza amidów
N-etyloacetamid
N-metylobenzamid
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Slajd 37
Reakcje bezwodników
bezwodnik octowy octan etylu kwas octowy
bezwodnik benzoesowy
bezwodnik propionowy
kwas benzoesowy
N-metylopropionamid
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Slajd 38
mechanizm przekształcenia bezwodnika w ester
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Slajd 39
kwas alkohol pierwszorzędowy
kwas fenylooctowy 2-fenyloetanol
przykład
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Slajd 40
chlorekkwasowy
aldehyd
kwas izobutanowy chlorek izobutyrylu aldehyd izobutylowy
przykład
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Slajd 41
kwas benzoesowy propylofenon
przykład
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