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Yves BROSSEAUDIngénieur ENSAIS – directeur de recherche au LCPC
Michèle SAINT JACQUESProfesseur – directeur Département de génie de la construction – ETS
Canada
Christine LEROY Ingénieur Ville de Paris
Infra 2007 – Laval 5-7 novembre 2007
Les matériaux bitumineux tièdes arrivent en ville : Les matériaux bitumineux tièdes arrivent en ville : premières applications d’asphaltes et enrobés tièdes en premières applications d’asphaltes et enrobés tièdes en
ville de Paris. ville de Paris.
ESG-10 at 160°CESG-10 at 160°C ESG-10 at 130°CESG-10 at 130°C
2Y.B.
Warm Mix Asphalt in the capital of Warm Mix Asphalt in the capital of Paris Paris
3Y.B.
Some data from Paris:
- 1601 km length of ways- 13 500 000 m² of roadways & 1 380 000 m² for BP- 10 000 000 m² of side walks & 300 000 m² for BP- 2 125 000 inhabitants
- 9 420 km of cables for electricity - 2 040 km of conduits of gas - 2 700 km of various drains: drainage,air-conditioning,
district heating...
- 12 000 openings of excavations per annum
4Y.B.
Surface layers : actual Surface layers : actual overviewoverview
C ONC RETE
5,5%
OTHERS
3,1%
MOSAIC
PAVEMENT
10 x 10 x 10 cm
13,8%PAVING STONES
14 x 20 X 14 cm
4,5%
BITUMINOUS
SURFACE
LAYERS
73.1%
5Y.B.
Surface layers : actual Surface layers : actual overviewoverview
Mastic Asphalt 250°C – 482°F
Hot Mix Asphalt 150°C – 300°FMastic Asphalt 200°C – 380°F
Warm Mix Asphalt <120°C – 240°F
6Y.B.
The Parisian inhabitants are more and more worried about bitumen fume for their own health and the workers’ too.
7Y.B.
Terminology WMA
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Cold asphalt
Énergie de chauffage (K
g/T)
°C
Kg/T
Warm asphalt
Hot mix
asphalt
HEATING
VAPORIzATION
DRYING
Semi-warm
asphalt
Latent heat vaporization of water :
537 kcal/kg
250°C
Mast
ic a
sph
alt
8Y.B.
Hot coating phase Hot coating phase (reminder)(reminder)
Aggregate-bitumen interface conditions (decreasing of tension surface) to get a durable and efficiency coating by using effect temperature.
Aggregates : dried and heating at > 160°C
Bitumen : sufficient fluidity Coating viscosity < 150 cSt Temperatures > 120 at 170°C (depending nature of
bitumen)
9Y.B.
What’s look for WMA?What’s look for WMA?
Advantages: Reduction of energy consumption Less pollution, concerning
People (workers, users, bordering the road) Environment conditions
Decreasing of bitumen ageing during production Less wear on mixing plant
WITH the same performances as hot mixes Continue coating, final properties just after placement
10Y.B.
WMA principles WMA principles (1)(1)
Coating in another way to get:
totally and uniformity coating
binder without fluxing or expectorant agents of fossil
origin
nominal and final properties after placement
reducing the production and compaction
temperature
control the binder viscosity during whole placement
duration
11Y.B.
Spray and disperse the bitumen around all the aggregates:
1) Effect of plasticizing the bitumen by additives, stable at
raodway service temperatures,
2) Combination effect of “soup”, foaming, emulsion
by a good control of the water coating phase, and preserving this effect during placement
3) Effect of “double coating”
4) Effect of “lubrication” with lower viscosity, due to additive
Effect of the specific properties of binders, like synthesis binders of vegetable origin, or by re-heating cold mixing in special drum.
WMA principles WMA principles (2)(2)
15Y.B.
Gravel totally coating by bitumen.Thick bitumen film around grain
PHASE 2
Humidity sand create an expansion of bitumen
around gravels
PHASE 3
expansion make the coating - increasing temperature of sand
easier
100°C
PHASE 4
Good thermal equilibrium : between mineral skeleton,
residual water and bitumen, to keep a sufficient workability.
60°C
PHASE 5
Hot bitumen + adhesion agent
Aggregates dry and hot
120°/150°C 170°CPHASE 1
EBE ®® (enrobés basse énergie) - principle
One example
19Y.B.
Technique Name Company Principle of manufacture
Addition in mixer ASPHA-MIN EUROVIA Hot skeleton (130°C) + zeolites + bitumen
Special bitumen 3E – LTECOFLEX
COLAS GroupSCREG
Hot skeleton (130°C) + special bitumen (ready to use)
Special binder VEGECOL COLAS Group Hot skeleton (130°C) + synthesis binder of origin plant
Double coating 3E - DM COLAS Group Hot skeleton (130°C) + soft bitumen + foamed bitumen
Sequential coating 3E - DB COLAS Group Hot skeleton (130°C) + soft bitumen + hard bitumen
Sequential coating EBB (LEA) – mixes low energy
FAIRCO Hot fine gravels (150°C) n+ bitumen + wet sand (20°C)
Sequential coating EBT (LEA) – mixes low temperature
EIFFAGE TP Partially heated skeleton (95°C)+ bitumen orHot fine gravels (150°C) + bitumen + wet sand (20°C)
20Y.B.
1st test in 1993 : Rue St Maur – Paris 10ème SMAC ACIEROID
Mastic Asphalt 0/10 for road ways laying with a finisher at 210°C – 400°F
First improvements for mastic asphalt.
21Y.B.
First improvements for mastic asphalt.
Other tests were realized with almost of Parisian mastic asphalt laying contractors:
Rue de Panama – SPAPA (ASTEN) 1994Rue de Javel – SMAC ACIEROID 1995Rue Léon – SPAPA (ASTEN) 1994 Rue de Suez – SPAPA (ASTEN) 1994Rue Bellot - EUROVIA 2002
Mastic Asphalt 0/10 for road ways laying with a finisher at 200°C or 180°C – 380°F or 350°F
22Y.B.
SMAC ACIEROID has a new patented process
« NEOPHALTE LOW TEMPERATURE »®
Work site in 2004 – Rue de Courty – Paris 7ème
Laying temperature : 150 °C – 300 °F
23Y.B.
Today - Rue de Courty
24Y.B.
Since 2004, Paris City Municipality Roads Department decided to test each new process suggested by HMA laying contractors :
• new supplies voted for “innovation”
• technical studies of WMA proposed by contractors
• choice of work sites
• realization of test strips
• following up by the Municipal Laboratory for testing materials …
25Y.B.
Since 2004, Paris City Municipality Roads Department decided
to test each new process suggested by HMA laying contractors :
• ASPHAMIN – EUROVIA in 2004, July – Bd Fort de Vaux (BBM 0/10)
• EBE – FAIRCO in 2006, March – Rue du Fbg Montmartre (BBM 0/10)
• COL-3E – COLAS in 2006, April – Rue de Lyon (busway BBM 0/10), Route de la Ferme (Coloured layer BBM 0/10),
Rue des Ardennes (BBTM 0/6)
• EBT – APPIA in 2006, June – Rue Cortambert (BBM 0/10)
• ECOFLEX – SCREG in 2006, May – Rue Chalgrin (BBM 0/10)
• ECOLASTIC – SCREG in 2007, February – Rue Franco-Russe (BBM 0/10)
…
26Y.B.
In 2004, July 1st test realized with WMA from Eurovia .
Thin asphalt concrete (BBM 0/10) « RUGOVIA » laying by night at 115°C- 230°F
Bd Fort-de-Vaux – Paris 17ème EJL Paris Agency
27Y.B.
28Y.B.Today – Bd Fort de Vaux
29Y.B.
In 2006 (March), a test realized with WMA from Fairco and Linea BTP .
Thin asphalt concrete (BBM 0/10) « EBE 0/10 » laying by night at 75°C- 167°F
Rue du Faubourg Montmartre – Paris 9ème – Fairco/Linea BTP
30Y.B.
Rue Franco-Russe – Paris 7ème Screg IDFN Agency
Thin asphalt concrete (BBM 0/10) « ECOLASTIC » laying at 120°C- 248°F
31Y.B.
32Y.B.
In 2006 (april) test realized with WMA from COLAS .
Very Thin asphalt concrete (BBTM 0/6) « COL-3E » laying at 120°C- 248°F
Rue des Ardennes – Paris 19ème Colas Paris Bonneuil Agency
33Y.B.Today – Rue des Ardennes
34Y.B.
Rue de Lyon – Paris 12ème (Busway)Colas Paris Bonneuil Agency
Thin asphalt concrete (BBM 0/10) « COL-3E » laying at 120°C- 248°F
35Y.B.
Sustainable development is becoming a political aim
36Y.B.
Situation today: evolutions and Situation today: evolutions and applications of WMA developed in applications of WMA developed in
FranceFrance
Studies and researches : 2000 – 2003
Experimentations : 2002 – 2005
Industrialization : 2004 - 2006
Applications (many job sites) Zéolithe : 180 000 t (France 75%, Germany, Canada, US) -
2004 EBT : 5 à 6 000 t - 2005 EBE : 15 000 t (France, expérimentations USA) - 2005 3E _ ECOFLEX : 10 000 t - 2005 Ecomac : some experimentations Wam Foam : some experimentations (italy) Végécol : some experimentations
37Y.B.
The preservation of road infrastructures with tacking into account the environmental requirements it is
possible today, so why wait tomorrow even if there are some
observations and researches to do!
MERCI DE VOTRE
ATTENTION