Your forensic samples. Our experience and support. · Your forensic samples, our experience and support Contents. 3 GE technology ... (cheek) cells. Sample punching In addition to

GE Healthcare

Your forensic samples.Our experience and support.Sample collection kits and cards, punching technologies, and rapid STR instrumentation

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GE technology and forensic DNA sample processing ......................................................3

Products for the entire workflow ................................................................................................4

Swabs and other GE products for sample collection ......................................................6

Swabs and other products ....................................................................................................6

Laboratory surface protection ............................................................................................6

Whatman™ FTA™ technology overview ................................................................................8

Comparison of FTA cards and untreated paper .................................................................9

Direct STR amplification .........................................................................................................9

DNA protection ........................................................................................................................ 10

Long-term stability of DNA in buccal and blood samples on FTA ........................... 11

Direct STR amplification ...................................................................................................... 11

Standard STR amplification ............................................................................................... 12

Quicker sample processing and greater flexibility with FTA ...................................... 13

From punch to direct amplification in 5 minutes .................................................... 13

From punch to standard STR amplification in 30 minutes ................................. 13

DNA extraction option ........................................................................................................ 14

EasiCollect™ device for buccal cell collection, transport, and archiving ............. 15

Uniform and consistent collection with EasiCollect device ................................ 15

Easy to automate ................................................................................................................... 16

Compatible with direct and standard STR chemistries ........................................ 16

GE sample collection kits and FTA cards ............................................................................. 17

Whatman FTA and FTA Elute products ......................................................................... 17

Products for sample collection ................................................................................................ 18

Off-the-shelf sample collection kits ....................................................................................... 20

GE off-the-shelf EasiCollect device and FTA cards ......................................................... 22

Blood collection ....................................................................................................................... 22

Buccal collection ..................................................................................................................... 22

easiKit - customized sample collection kits and Whatman FTA cards.................. 24

Custom buccal and blood collection kits ................................................................... 25

Customized your kit to ........................................................................................................ 26

Customized Whatman FTA sample collection cards ............................................ 27

GE punching solutions for FTA cards ................................................................................... 28

GE offers punching solutions to match your sample processing needs ........ 28

Manual punching of FTA cards ........................................................................................ 29

Automated punching and liquid handling system ................................................ 30

DNAscan™ Rapid DNA Analysis™ System.......................................................................... 31

Key features of DNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis System ........................................ 31

Instrument design ................................................................................................................. 31

NetBio BioChipSet™ Cassette design .......................................................................... 32

DNAscan Collection Kit components ........................................................................... 33

Data Analysis and Expert System software ............................................................... 33

Designed to meet current forensic quality standards .......................................... 34

Your forensic samples, our experience and support

Contents

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GE technology

GE technology and forensic DNA sample processing

Whatman FTA cards from GE provide long-term DNA storage at room temperature

• 22-year-old human blood sample stored on FTA

• 12-year-old buccal sample stored on FTA

Punching of FTA cards by

• Manual processing• Automatic processing

DNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis System generates fully automated STR profiles in 90–100 minutes in a compact bench-top format

Advantages of GE technology for processing forensic samples

Stabilization and preservation of DNA, enabling STR analysis

and archiving

Efficient punching of samples for different sample throughputs

Complete workflow can be accomplished using

Rapid DNA Analysis technology

Sample collection and kitsGE Healthcare's Life Sciences business addresses the need for efficient forensic sample collection with its Whatman FTA technology and capability to manufacture high-quality sample collection cards and kits. GE offers a wide range of off-the-shelf and custom FTA products for the collection of human blood and buccal (cheek) cells.

Sample punchingIn addition to other performance advantages, FTA cards provide flexibility—one sample can be used with multiple punching technologies. GE offers manual, semi-automated and fully automated punching solutions that allow forensic laboratories to obtain results without major changes to existing workflows.

Rapid DNA analysisFor the complete forensic process, the DNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis System from GE and NetBio generates a full STR profile from sample in to answer out in 90–100 minutes.

GE products fit into common forensic workflows. These products include:

• FTA cards — DNA extraction— DNA quantitation — STR analysis— Sample protection— Operator protection— Long-term room temperature storage

• Kits — Sample collection — Chain of custody — Ease of use/workflow

• Punching — Daily sample throughput

- Manual tools- Automated systems

• DNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis from sample in to answer out — STR profiles generated in 90–100 minutes

SAMPLE COLLECTION

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GE technology

FTA

Swabs

Kits and cards

FTA Elute cards

FTA cards

Non-indicating

Indicating

EasiCollect device

OmniSwab

Off-the-shelf

DNAscan Collection Kit

Foam Applicator

Custom (easiKit)

Products for the entire workflow

PUNCHING ANALYZING

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GE technology

Automated analysis

DNAscan

Uni-Core™ punch Hamilton easyPunch™

Manual Automatic

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Swabs and other products

Swabs and other GE products for sample collection

Swabs and other productsBuccal sample collection

GE offers two products for buccal cell/saliva collection when archiving is not needed—OmniSwab and Sterile Foam-Tipped Applicators. OmniSwab enables sterile buccal cell collection and easy purification of DNA from the swab. OmniSwab is made of absorbent material specifically designed for the collection of buccal cells. The single-use swab has a unique, ejectable collection pad to help expedite sample processing. DNA can be extracted directly from the swab using standard purification protocols.

The Sterile Foam-Tipped Applicator is intended for use with Indicating FTA and Indicating FTA Elute cards. Simply swab the cheek, then apply the applicator head to the card.

DNA purification from FTA cards

FTA Purification Reagent is used to purify DNA stored on FTA cards. This reagent can be used to wash punches in the "punch-in" procedure for standard STR amplification (page 13, Fig 9). Alternatively, samples can be subjected to direct amplification (page 13, Fig 7 and 8), which does not require the purification reagent.

Sample transport and storage

Sample integrity during transport and storage will be maximized by placing your FTA card in a multi-barrier pouch with a desiccant pack. Multi-Barrier Pouches may be used for transporting and/or storing FTA cards. The pouches feature a tamper-evident seal. Two sizes are available—large and small. Desiccant packets ensure that the FTA matrix remains dry during transport or storage. Additional product information is provided in the table (page 7).

Laboratory surface protectionBenchKote™

BenchKote is an absorbent, impermeable material designed to protect laboratory surfaces against hazardous spills. The material features a high-quality, smooth, absorbent Whatman paper that quickly absorbs liquid spills and a laminated polyethylene layer that prevents flow through to the working surface. After use the sheet is incinerated or disposed of according to local regulations.

Benchkote Plus

BenchKote Plus is a thicker, more absorbent material for more demanding applications and can absorb in excess of 0.75 liters of water per square meter.

Sterile OmniSwab Sterile Foam-Tipped Applicator

Large and small multi-barrier pouches

FTA Purification Reagent

GE technology

Swabs and other products

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GE technology

Product Notes Quantity/pack Product code

Buccal sample collection

Sterile OmniSwab • For collection of buccal cells and saliva. • Features a brush-like swab pad that easily ejects from the stem of

the swab for transfer of samples into tubes.• For laboratories that collect samples that do not require archiving.

100 WB100035

Sterile Foam-Tipped Applicators • Easy-to-use applicator. • For collection and transfer of buccal cells and saliva to FTA cards. • The nonabrasive foam head is the same size as the sample area on

Indicating FTA cards to facilitate sample application.

100 WB100032

DNA purification from FTA cards

FTA Purification Reagent • For the purification of nucleic acids stored on FTA cards. • Ensures excellent quality DNA for STR analysis. • Removes heme, a PCR inhibitor, and other

potential contaminants.• 500 ml bottle.

1 WB120204

Sample transport and storage For optimal sample integrity

Multi-barrier pouch, large • For transport or storage of FTA Classic Cards and custom FTA cards.

• Seven laminated layers protect the card from exposure to gas or liquid contamination.

• Tamper-evident seal maintains sample security.• Outer paper surface for labeling or writing.• 11 × 16.5 cm.

100 WB100037

Multi-barrier pouch, small • Same construction in a smaller size for storage of FTA Mini Cards or FTA Micro Cards.

• Also suitable for FTA Elute Micro Cards.• 9.5 × 7.5 cm.

100 WB100036

Desiccant packets • Ensure that the FTA matrix remains dry during transport or storage.

• 1 g packets.

1000 WB100003

Laboratory surface protection

BenchKote BenchKote Surface Protector, sheets, 460 × 570 mm. 50 2300916

BenchKote Surface Protector, sheets, 460 × 570 mm. 100 2300917

BenchKote Surface Protector, pad, 460 × 570 mm (available in US). 50 2300594

BenchKote Surface Protector, pad, 460 × 570 mm, 50 sheets per pad (available in EU).

1 2300599

BenchKote Surface Protector, reel, 460 mm × 50 m. 1 2300731

BenchKote Surface Protector, reel, 920 mm × 50 m. 1 2300772

BenchKote Plus BenchKote Plus Surface Protector, sheets, 500 × 600 mm. 50 23016150

BenchKote Plus Surface Protector, reel, 600 mm × 50 m. 1 23016160

GE technology

Whatman FTA technology overview

Whatman FTA cards from GE are chemically coated matrices that have been shown to preserve DNA more efficiently than untreated matrices (pages 9 and 10).

Cells in biological samples deposited on FTA cards lyse on contact with the matrix, and DNA is captured on the card (Fig 1). DNA is protected from environmental and enzymatic damage by the FTA chemicals impregnated in the card. Biological samples on FTA cards have been shown to remain intact at ambient temperatures for years, so there is no need for freezers to archive samples. For example, DNA from 22-year-old blood and 12-year-old buccal samples on FTA cards has generated STR data with good signal strength in both direct and standard amplifications (pages 11 and 12, respectively).

Fig 1. Electron micrograph showing DNA entrapped within the FTA matrix (magnification × 10 000).

Whatman FTA technology consists of two distinct chemistries, both of which have the ability to lyse cells on contact, denature proteins, and protect DNA from degradation. FTA contains chemical denaturants and a free radical scavenger. With FTA, the DNA remains tightly bound while proteins and inhibitors are washed from the matrix. FTA Elute contains a chaotropic salt. With FTA Elute, proteins remain tightly bound while DNA is eluted from the matrix. There are three options for DNA analysis with FTA cards: direct amplification, standard amplification with rinsing (“punch-in” method), and extraction of DNA from the card. With FTA Elute, eluted DNA can be used for STR analysis (standard amplification), sequencing, and real-time PCR applications.

Both FTA and FTA Elute cards are available as Indicating cards for use with clear samples such as buccal cells or saliva. The cards include a pink (FTA) or purple (FTA Elute) indicating dye that turns to white when a clear sample is applied.

EasiCollect device is a sample collection device for buccal collection. It includes a built-in foam applicator and 2 × 2 inch (50 × 50 cm) Indicating FTA card.

Buccal sample collection using EasiCollect device.

Indicating FTA Elute Micro Card with buccal sample (left) and no sample (right).

Cards

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CardsGE technology

Direct STR amplificationWith the availability of direct STR amplification chemistries, sample processing is streamlined. Preparation of samples for direct amplification requires only the addition of an FTA punch to the STR reagent, eliminating the need for purification and wash steps. For evaluation in direct amplification, thirty-nine samples each were collected on 903™ paper (untreated) and FTA Indicating Micro Card. A 1.2 mm punch was taken from each paper or card for amplification using Applied Biosystems’ AmpFLSTR™ Identifiler™ Direct PCR Amplification Kit according to the manufacturer’s protocols. The number of complete STR profiles, success rate, and total average peak height for each paper or card were assessed (Table 1).

Comparison of FTA cards and untreated paper

Fig 2. Success rate (%) of 903 paper and FTA cards in STR analyses using AmpFLSTR Identifiler Direct PCR Amplification Kit. Thirty-nine samples were analyzed for each paper or card type.

Fig 3. Total average peak height (RFU) for 903 paper and FTA cards in STR analyses using AmpFLSTR Identifiler Direct PCR Amplification Kit. Thirty-nine samples were analyzed for each paper or card type. RFU = relative fluorescence units.

Table 1. Performance of 903 paper and FTA cards in direct amplification

Paper or card

No. of complete profiles/total Success rate

Total average peak height (RFU)

903 16/39 41% 306.4

FTA 38/39 97% 1192.3

The data showed a substantial performance difference between 903 paper and FTA cards processed with the Identifiler Direct chemistry. A success rate of 97% was observed with the FTA (treated) collection product compared with a 41% success rate using the 903 (untreated) paper (Table 1 and Fig 2). The untreated paper also exhibited PCR inhibition/inefficient amplification in many samples, as evidenced by the low overall average peak height (Table 1 and Fig 3).

These results underscore the fact that not all collection products are optimized for use with the new direct STR amplification chemistries. FTA cards, with their proprietary chemical treatment, are ready to use in direct amplification. However, other treated and untreated papers may require additional lysis steps or other optimization steps, both of which add cost and could negatively affect throughput and laboratory workflow.

CardsGE technology

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DNA protectionOne of the characteristics of FTA cards that enables long-term archiving of DNA is its protection against UV radiation. Exposure to UV can cause degradation of DNA in the sample, compromising the long-term stability of archived samples. FTA chemistry protects DNA from the harsh impact of UV exposure to increase the stability of the archived samples.

Purified DNA spotted on FTA (treated) cards and untreated cotton fiber-based Whatman 903 paper was exposed to 9.9 × 105 μJoules of UV radiation and then quantitated using real-time PCR. These results were compared to those from samples that were stored in the dark. Samples stored on FTA and exposed to UV radiation showed an average Cq shift of 1.42 cycles, which represents a 2.7-fold decrease in DNA integrity (Fig 4A). UV exposure of samples stored on an untreated matrix resulted in an average Cq shift of 9.75 cycles, which equals an 862-fold decrease in DNA integrity (Fig 4B). The minimal Cq shift with FTA reflects the high quality of intact template DNA and the enhanced level of protection offered by FTA. These data demonstrate that FTA cards provide greater protection for DNA than untreated paper.

(A)

(B)

CylcePCR Amplification vs Cylce: 025_042705 - FTA Stratalinker dose response-3.opd

CylcePCR Amplification vs Cylce: 025_042705 - 903 Stratalinker dose response-3.opd

Fig 4. DNA damage induced by UV irradiation and quantified by real-time PCR. Real-time PCR data from (A) FTA (treated) cards and (B) untreated 903 paper. Each graph consists of two nonirradiated controls (blue amplification curves) and 14 samples exposed to UV radiation (red amplification curves). The target region is 403 bp in length. Cq = quantification cycle. Data supplied by Midwest Research Institute.

Cards

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Long-term stability of DNA in buccal and blood samples on FTAMany countries have laws that require long-term archiving and retesting of samples years after collection.

For example, in the United States, several states require post-conviction testing, which may occur years after samples are collected. The chemical matrix on FTA protects nucleic acids from UV radiation (Fig 4) and other environmental factors. These protective characteristics of Whatman FTA chemistry enable the long-term archiving of samples. Samples that have been stored for over a decade in multi-barrier pouches (with desiccant) at ambient temperatures have shown successful amplification (Fig 5 and 6). Samples stored on FTA can be amplified using either direct STR amplification or conventional (standard) STR amplification, which requires punch washing prior to amplification.

(A) (B)

Fig 5. STR profiles of (A) a 12-year-old buccal sample collected on an Indicating FTA card and (B) a 22-year-old blood sample collected on an FTA card. Both samples were processed using an AmpFLSTR Identifiler Direct PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems) and the manufacturer’s standard protocol. The samples were run on an Applied Biosystems 3130xl Capillary Electrophoresis Genetic Analyzer using standard conditions. The samples were analyzed using GeneMapper™ ID 3.2 (Applied Biosystems).

When you are ready to purify DNA for downstream applications, simply remove the card from the pouch, take a punch from the card, and process. The remainder of the card can be re-archived in a multi-barrier pouch for future use.

Direct STR amplificationDirect STR amplification chemistries streamline sample processing because they eliminate purification and washing. Buccal and blood samples on FTA stored at ambient temperatures for 12 and 22 years, respectively, were subjected to amplification using Applied Biosystems' AmpFLSTR Identifiler Direct PCR Amplification Kit. Both sample types showed strong signals and good quality peaks (Fig 5A and 5B).

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Standard STR amplificationThe following data was generated from sample discs that were washed prior to amplification. Both the 12-year-old buccal sample and the 22-year-old blood sample were subjected to amplification using the AmpFLSTR Profiler Plus™ or COfiler™ PCR Amplification Kit (both from Applied Biosystems). STR results were compared with the results from the same samples after 7 and 17 years of storage, respectively.

Fig 6. STR profiles of (A) a 12-year-old buccal sample collected on an Indicating FTA card and (B) a 22-year-old blood sample collected on an FTA card. DNA was amplified using AmpFLSTR Profiler Plus PCR Amplification Kit and a modified procedure. The samples were run on an Applied Biosystems 3130xl Capillary Electrophoresis Genetic Analyzer using standard conditions. Results were analyzed using GeneMapper ID 3.2.

Both the buccal and blood samples showed 100% concordance with the earlier STR samples (data not shown) and produced high-quality results that were above minimum thresholds. Figure 6 shows Profiler Plus data for a 12-year-old buccal sample (Fig 6A) and a 22-year-old blood sample (Fig 6B). Similar results were obtained with the COfiler kit (data not shown).

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Cards

Quicker sample processing and greater flexibility with FTA

The use of FTA for DNA collection enables laboratories to reduce processing time while maintaining data quality. Punches from blood and buccal samples collected on FTA cards or an EasiCollect device can be processed for direct STR amplification chemistries in 5 minutes. If speed is not a concern, samples can be processed with standard chemistries in 30 minutes.* For additional flexibility, DNA can be extracted from FTA using several commercially available extraction reagents and purification kits.

From punch to direct amplification in 5 minutesFor single-source samples, direct amplification is fast and simple with FTA. The use of FTA with either Applied Biosystems' Identifiler Direct PCR Amplification Kit or Promega’s PowerPlex™ 18D System eliminates extraction, elution, and quantitation steps to streamline laboratory processes. When using FTA, there is no need for additional reagents. Simply place an FTA card punch into a PCR plate or tube, add the reagents for direct amplification, and amplify.

DNA collected on FTA cards was successfully amplified using both PowerPlex 18D (Fig 7) and Identifiler Direct (Fig 8). Samples collected on FTA gave strong signals and even peaks heights when used with both chemistries.

Fig 7. Direct amplification of 18 loci from a buccal sample collected on Indicating FTA cards. 1.2 mm samples taken from Indicating FTA cards were amplified using Promega's PowerPlex 18D System. Amplified samples were run on an Applied Biosystems 3130xl Genetic Analyzer using a 3kV, 5-sec injection. Results were analyzed using GeneMapper ID 3.2. Figure printed with permission from Promega Corporation.

Fig 8. Direct amplification of 16 loci from a buccal sample collected on Indicating FTA cards. 1.2 mm samples taken from the Indicating FTA card in the EasiCollect device, were amplified using AmpFLSTR Identifiler Direct DNA Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The samples were run on an Applied Biosystems 3130xl Genetic Analyzer using a 10 kV, 5-sec injection. Results were analyzed using GeneMapper ID v3.2. Data provided by Sorenson Genomics.

From punch to standard STR amplification in 30 minutes (“punch-in” method)For nondirect (standard) amplification chemistries, DNA can be purified for downstream applications in less than 30 minutes using FTA technology. No purification kits are required; DNA preparation only requires the use of FTA Purification Reagent. After washing with the reagent, DNA can be analyzed immediately while on the cards (“punch-in” method) or can be isolated using common DNA extraction methods (page 14). FTA card punches placed in a 96-well plate can be washed and processed automatically using liquid-handling robots. Figure 9 shows STR profiles from buccal cells collected on Indicating FTA cards and prepared using the "punch-in" method.

Fig 9. Data generated using the "punch-in" method. 1.2 mm samples were taken from Indicating FTA and amplified using AmpFLSTR Identifiler Direct PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems). Amplified samples were run on an Applied Biosystems 3130xl Genetic Analyzer using a 10kv, 5 sec injection. Results were analyzed using GeneMapper ID 3.2. Data provided by Sorenson Genomics.

* Does not include optional drying step

GE technology

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CardsGE technology

DNA extraction optionAs an alternative to direct amplification and the “punch-in” method, samples can be extracted from the FTA card into solution for downstream analysis.1 For example, four common DNA extraction methods were used to extract DNA from fresh blood or buccal samples on FTA cards. Two methods were reagent-based: Chelex™ resin and organic extraction; two were commercial kit-based: DNA IQ™ and QIAamp™. For all four methods DNA from blood and buccal samples were of sufficient quantity and quality for STR profiling.2

Allele calling results for 18 samples for each extraction method are provided in Table 2. Figure 10 shows the STR profile for a buccal sample extracted using one of the four methods, QIAamp. These data illustrate that commonly used DNA extraction methods and kits provide DNA of sufficient quantity and quality to support allele calling accuracy as high as 100% in STR analysis.

Fig 10. STR profile of blood sample on FTA after DNA purification using QIAamp DNA Investigator Kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's instructions. STR analysis of extracted DNA was conducted using the PowerPlex 16 System (Promega) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Amplification was performed in a 9700 thermal cycler (Applied Biosystems), and amplification products were analyzed on an ABI PRISM™ 3130XL Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

1 Direct amplification and the wash ("punch-in") method were optimized for FTA. Due to the binding characteristics of FTA, some common extraction methods in your laboratory may give lower yields.

2 Application note available at www.gelifesciences.com.

Table 2. STR data from blood samples on FTA

ChelexOrganic extraction DNA IQ QIAamp

Total samples 18 18 18 18

Total possible allele calls 288 288 288 288

Total correct allele calls 288 288† 288‡ 288

Accuracy 100% 100%† 100%‡ 100%

† After two sample reinjections due to failed capillaries‡ After one sample reinjection due to failed capillary

15

Collection

EasiCollect device for buccal cell collection, transport, and archivingWith the expansion of legislation on types of offender and arrestee samples, and the increasing number of agencies collecting samples, a consistent, reliable collection system is key for successful downstream analysis. GE's Whatman EasiCollect device integrates a swab and FTA card into a single product that facilitates ambient-temperature DNA collection, transport, and archiving. The EasiCollect device design enables the uniform collection and transfer of buccal cells onto an Indicating FTA card. Use of the EasiCollect device requires less training than traditional swabbing does, making sample collection more accessible to agencies that have not been trained in forensic sample collection and analysis. The steps for using EasiCollect device are illustrated in Figure 11.

Uniform and consistent collection with EasiCollect deviceHistorically, buccal cell collection has been a notoriously difficult and inconsistent process. The difficulties have been attributed to the differences in the ability of various individuals to shed cells, as well as the variability introduced with manual collection of the buccal cells. EasiCollect device simplifies buccal cell collection. The novel design has been engineered for maximal cell collection and uniform application to FTA. An optimized foam collection surface has been specifically selected for its ability to capture the largest number of cells to overcome individual differences. The pressure clips molded into the EasiCollect device ensures a uniform and constant pressure for the reproducible transfer of cells to FTA. In order to examine the distribution and uniformity of cells applied using EasiCollect, a map of the sample area on the Indicating FTA card was prepared (Fig 12A). Eighty-eight discs were amplified for a portion of the β-globin gene. DNA was amplified from all but one disc (Fig 12B). These results represent a 99% success rate from all regions of the sample area. The graph in Figure 12C shows a very tight distribution of DNA in duplicate samples from four individuals.

Fig 12. Discs (2 mm) were taken from the Indicating FTA card in EasiCollect device in a specific pattern (A) to cover the sample area including the periphery. Each disc was amplified for a 268 bp portion of the β-globin gene and quantitated using an Experion™ Automated Electrophoresis System (Bio-Rad) by running 1K chips according to the manufacturer’s instructions. (B) Analysis of 88 discs. (C) Distribution of DNA in duplicate samples from four individuals.

(A) (B)

(C)

1. Swab the inside of each cheek for 15 sec.

2. Peel off the protective film to expose the Indicating FTA card.

3. Close the EasiCollect device to transfer the sample to the Indicating FTA card.

4. To air dry, open the device by bending back the handle to release the foam applicator from under the snap clips.

Fig 11. Steps in using Whatman EasiCollect device for buccal sample collection.

GE technology

16

CollectionGE technology

Easy to automateEasiCollect device includes a removable 2x2 inch (50 × 50 cm) Indicating FTA card. These cards are compatible with several semi-automated and automated punching systems, removing the bottleneck due to manual punching of cards.

Fig 13. Standard ("punch-in") amplification. A 1.2 mm punch was taken from the Indicating FTA Card in EasiCollect device. The punch was washed three times using 200 μl of FTA Purification Reagent followed by two washes using 200 μl of TE-1 buffer (10 mM Tris, 0.1mM EDTA, pH 8.0). The punch was allowed to dry for 60 minutes and amplified using AmpFLSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The samples were run on an Applied Biosystems 3130xl Capillary Electrophoresis Genetic Analyzer using a standard 10kV, 5-sec injection. Results were analyzed using GeneMapper ID 3.2. Data provided by Sorenson Genomics.

Fig 14. Direct amplification of 16 loci from a buccal sample collected using EasiCollect device. Samples were amplified using AmpFLSTR Identifiler Direct PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The samples were run on an Applied Biosystems 3130xl Capillary Electrophoresis Genetic Analyzer using a stan-dard 10kV, 5-sec injection. Results were analyzed using GeneMapper ID 3.2.

Compatible with direct and standard STR chemistriesEasiCollect device uses a Whatman Indicating FTA card that works with both direct and standard STR amplification chemistries. Data show high-quality STR profiles with uniform peak heights and balanced STRs for both direct (Fig 14) and standard (Fig 13) STR amplification.

See page 23 for EasiCollect device ordering information.

17

Kits

GE sample collection kits and FTA cards

Forensic scientists worldwide use GE Whatman FTA products to collect, stabilize, process, transport, and archive their DNA samples. With custom and off-the-shelf products available for blood or buccal cell collection, FTA and FTA Elute technology can also be used by law enforcement personnel to quickly and easily collect samples from suspects and offenders. In the laboratory, FTA and FTA Elute technology enables a wide range of downstream applications including direct and standard STR analysis, SNP analysis, real-time PCR quantitation, and mitochondrial sequencing. The ease of use and reliability of FTA and FTA Elute minimizes the need for expensive repeat analyses.

Whatman FTA and FTA Elute products enable:

• Rapid and reliable collection of DNA samples.

• Configurations amenable to semi-automated and automated punching and automated liquid handling, reducing hands-on time and minimizing manual errors.

• Our easiKit customization service allows users to choose products that work well in their laboratory's standard operating procedures (SOPs) and enable simple collection of samples from offenders.

• Shipping and archiving samples without refrigeration, thus reducing costs. FTA and FTA Elute chemistries stabilize nucleic acids at room temperature.

• High-density storage of FTA cards maximizes the use of available storage space.

• Long-term ambient temperature storage. Since the early 1990s, the forensics community has used FTA for long-term archiving of samples.

In addition to FTA and FTA Elute cards and EasiCollect (pages 22–23), GE offers several FTA accessories for punching, transport, and archiving of samples (pages 28-30). GE's non-FTA product offering includes swabs and foam applicators for buccal/saliva collection. In order to meet specific user needs, we offer the easiKit service, which gives you the capability to design your own customized sample collection kit (24-27). Several off-the-shelf kits are available for buccal and blood collection (see pages 20-23). These standardized kits are inventory items that can be shipped quickly for added convenience.

GE technology

GE technology

Untreated paper

Sample type: buccal

Sample type: blood

Can be used with direct STR amplification

Is a single product with foam applicator and FTA card

Stabilizes and protects DNA from degradation

Is suitable for long-term storage at room temperature

Is easily automated

Swabs

Products for samplecollection

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= Yes = No = Not recommended

Indicating FTA Elute cards

Whatman Indicating FTA cards

FTA cardsFTA Elute

cards

EasiCollectdevice

Sample collection

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Off-the-shelf sample collection kits

EasiCollect Buccal Collection Kit

FTA Buccal Collection Kit

FTA Blood Collection Kit

Globally, forensic scientists trust Whatman FTA to stabilize and protect their samples.

Off-the-shelf kits provide you with a generalized kit that incorporates a collection method for blood or buccal cells, gloves, transport and archiving envelopes, and barcodes to aid with chain of custody.

GE offers three different off-the-shelf kits for the collection of both buccal and blood samples. The FTA Blood Collection Kit, the EasiCollect Buccal Collection Kit, and the FTA Buccal Collection Kit each include all the components needed for field sample collection (Table 3). As an added convenience, these kits are available from inventory for quick shipment to your laboratory.

The FTA Blood Collection Kit offers standard products for the collection of blood samples, packaged together for convenience and complete integration into existing DNA analysis workflows. The EasiCollect Buccal Collection kit incorporates the EasiCollect for simple and consistent sampling of buccal and saliva samples, while still providing all of the standard kit components. Lastly, the FTA Buccal Collection kit contains a traditional Indicating FTA card and a Sterile Foam-Tipped Applicator for easy transfer of buccal cells and saliva from the donor to the FTA card. This kit also contains all of the standard products included in a collection kit .

Table 3 shows a comparison of the three off-the-shelf kits offered by GE.

KitsGE technology

21

Kits

ComponentEasiCollect Buccal

Collection Kit FTA Blood Collection KitFTA Buccal

Collection Kit

EasiCollect device •

FTA Micro Card, white •

Indicating FTA Micro Card •

Foam applicator •

Alcohol wipe •

Lancet, sterile •

Adhesive bandage •

Peelable barcodes • • •

Gloves • • •

Multi-barrier pouch • • •

Tamper-evident tape, for use on mailing envelope • • •

Desiccant • • •

Outer bag, clear, with label that includes code number and expiration date

• • •

Mailing envelope, 22 × 11 cm • • •

Ordering information

Product Quantity Product code

EasiCollect Buccal Collection Kit 50 WB120237

FTA Blood Collection Kit 50 WB120238

FTA Buccal Collection Kit 50 WB120239

Table 3. Components included in GE’s off-the-shelf FTA sample collection kits1

1 Customization of kits is also available for those who wish to enhance their sampling capabilities and include a custom element (pages 24-27).

GE technology

EasiCollect device

22

KitsGE technology

For collection of buccal or blood samples from offenders, GE offers many off-the-shelf configurations of FTA products as stand-alone items or as a component of convenient, standardized kits.

Blood collectionTo collect blood, simply prick the finger and add one or two drops of blood onto the FTA card of choice. Custom collection kits and FTA Blood Collection Kits are available for standardized sample collection.

Buccal collectionThe collection and archiving of buccal cells is also straightforward with the use of Indicating FTA card products. Indicating cards are designed for use with colorless samples, such as buccal cells and saliva. Indicating FTA card products are formulated to change from pink (FTA) or purple (FTA Elute) to white when a sample is applied, making it easier to verify sample transfer and locate sample position for downstream processing.

For convenient buccal sample collection and application, use an EasiCollect device or an FTA card with a Sterile Foam-Tipped Applicator. Both options are also available in kit format for standardized sample collection and added convenience.

FTA and Indicating FTA cards can be used in workflows for both direct and standard STR amplification. Since both card types enable consistent sample collection and reliable long-term storage of samples, STR profiles from samples on FTA and Indicating FTA exhibit strong, balanced signals and consistent peak morphology (Fig 7, 8, 9, 13 and 14). Because FTA products are compatible with multiple forensic applications, blood and buccal sample collection is simple.

Indicating FTA Mini Card

Indicating FTA Elute Micro Card

FTA Mini Card

FTA Classic Card FTA Elute Micro Card

Indicating FTA Micro Card

FTA Micro Card

Indicating FTA Classic Card

GE off-the-shelf EasiCollect device and FTA cards

23

GE technology Kits

Product Notes Sample areas/card Cards/pack Product code

Indicating cards For buccal and saliva samples

EasiCollect device • Contains a 2 inch (50 cm) Indicating FTA card plus foam collection pad.

• Can be used with direct STR amplification.

1 50 WB120462

Indicating FTA Micro Card • Recommended when only one sample is needed.• Can be used with direct STR amplification.

1 25 WB120311

1 100 WB120211

Indicating FTA Mini Card • Convenient for protocols that require different locations for testing and archiving of samples.

• Each sample can be processed independently.• Can be used with direct STR amplification.

2 25 WB120356

2 100 WB120056

Indicating FTA Classic Card • Convenient for multiple applications of the same sample on one card.


4 25 WB120306

4 100 WB120206

Indicating FTA Elute Micro Card • For water elution of DNA. 1 25 WB120412

1 100 WB120411

Non-indicating cards For blood samples

FTA Micro Card • Recommended when only one sample is needed.• Can be used with direct STR amplification.

1 25 WB120310

1 100 WB120210

FTA Mini Card • Convenient for protocols that require different locations for testing and archiving of samples.


2 25 WB120355

2 100 WB120055

FTA Classic Card • Convenient for multiple applications of the same sample on one card.


4 25 WB120305

4 100 WB120205

FTA Elute Micro Card • For water elution of DNA. 4 25 WB120401

4 100 WB120410

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easiKit – customized sample collection kits and Whatman FTA cards

Kits and cardsGE technology

Example of a custom buccal kit (with swab)

Custom shipping envelope

Custom data collection form

Fingerprint strip

Sterile foam swab

Surgical gloves

Multi-barrier pouch

Custom FTA card with bar codes

Custom-designed forensic buccal kits, blood kits, FTA cards, and FTA Elute cards are designed to meet every detail and requirement of your sample collection, transportation, and data handling procedures. Our innovative easiKit design protocols, coupled with an extensive component library, provide the flexibility required to rapidly design and deliver a product that seamlessly fits with your procedures and enhances your existing workflows. See page 27 for further information about customized FTA cards.

Our easiKit service allows us to work closely with you to develop a customized collection kit or card format with features that:

• Meet the requirements of your laboratory's traceability processes. Options include barcodes tailored to your information requirements, as well as specific card formats designed to integrate with your card handling systems.

• Simplify the collection process for the enforcement officer collecting the sample. Kits can include customized information forms, instructions for use, and components (e.g., gloves and masks) to ensure correct handling of samples.

• Enable secure transportation of samples to your laboratory using a selection of envelopes from breathable to tamper-evident. Envelopes can be designed to match traceability information, such as barcode to the card sample, to maintain information integrity.

25

All GE Healthcare kits are manufactured to ISO9001:2008 standards. Custom and off-the-shelf kits and cards are packaged in a clean room environment to minimize DNA contamination. Cards and swabs within kits can also be supplied with certification that they meet PAS377 forensics recommendations.

Custom buccal and blood collection kitsGE FTA sample collection kits containing Whatman FTA products are simple to use and reliable. Blood collection requires just one or two drops of blood onto an FTA card. For buccal cell collection, the EasiCollect device allows uniform sample collection and application to the surface of an Indicating FTA card for subsequent DNA analysis. An FTA card plus sterile foam applicator is an alternative to EasiCollect for buccal collection.

Example of a custom buccal kit (with EasiCollect device)

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collection envelope.2. Fully open for 8½ 14"

data collection form.

KitsGE technology

26

GE technology Kits

Customize your kit to:• Improve sample tracking.

• Integrate the EasiCollect device and FTA cards into your data tracking system.

• Select the barcode type and sequential or nonsequential number.

• Customize instructions for sample collection and shipping procedures.

Alcohol wipe

Include your own data collection forms and instructions in the kit Return envelopes designed to

protect your sample during transport to laboratory in order to avoid contamination

EasiCollect device for integrated sample collection and stabilization of buccal samples

Contains indicating FTA card for buccal collection

Gloves available in various sizes

Gloves can be packed in protective wrapping to minimize contamination

Envelopes can be printed to include logos and data

collection field

Non-indicating FTA card for blood collectionAdhesive bandage

Lancets enable easy fingerprick blood collection

• Include instructions in the kit to reinforce training.

• Create agency-specific data forms.

• Address your agency’s data collection needs (e.g., agency information, agency logo, demographics, and fingerprints) using forms that you design.

• Include the tools needed for successful sample collection and transport.

27

FTA card form - back

Custom FTA card with printed and peelable

barcodes

FTA card form - front

FTA Mini Card with custom printed and peelable barcodes

Indicating FTA Micro Card with peelable barcode

Custom FTA cards

Custom Indicating FTA Elute 2"x2" card

CardsGE technology

Customized Whatman FTA sample collection cards To further expand the options for data collection on a card, GE's easiKit service allows you to design your card format. Our sales team will guide you through the process of selecting artwork, barcodes, and information formats. Each of our card formats can be supplied to your own specifications, including high-quality print finishing for your artwork, use of special inks for optical character recognition, inclusion of barcodes, and many other options.

Cards can be produced in many shapes and sizes, and they can be designed to hold single or multiple sample spots. Personalized information can be printed directly onto the card, enabling compatibility with your collection workflows and LIMS.

Framed card for automation can be customized as easily as larger cards

Numbered zones show customizable areas of the card where your logo, data collection fields, or barcodes can be placed

28

PunchingGE technology

GE punching solutions for FTA cards

GE offers punching solutions to match your sample processing needsPunching of FTA cards is an integral step in sample throughput. Many of the bottleneck issues in forensic laboratories surround sample preparation, specifically punching of FTA cards for downstream processing. GE offers three solutions for punching capabilities dependent on your forensic sample volume.

Manual punching is ideal for laboratories with low sample volumes. The manual punches are an excellent choice for punching 1–50 samples per day.

For laboratories that process several 96-well plates of samples per day, the completely automated easyPunch system from Hamilton Robotics has been validated for use with Whatman FTA cards and enables easy sampling and an efficient workflow. To further enhance productivity, the customizable easyPunch platform allows for integration of punching as well as liquid handling.

Manual punches Automated

Product recommendations based on the sample throughput in your forensic laboratory.

1-50 samples 200+ samples

Manual punching of FTA cardsDesigned for flexibility and ease of use, our range of punching products allows you to obtain a reproducible sample punch from sample collection cards quickly and efficiently.

The Uni-Core punch is designed with a sharp, stainless steel cutting edge. Uni-Core punch is disposable and provides up to 500 punches. The punch tool is available in 1.0, 1.2, 2.0, 3.0, and 6.0 mm diameters. There is no sample carry-over with the Uni-Core punch tool when you follow the recommended procedures. The cutting mat allows for clean sample cuts and extends the life of the cutting edge.

Uni-Core Punch with cutting mat

Description Product code

Uni-Core Punch 1.2 mm 4/PK WB100028




Harris 25× Uni-Core 1.00 mm WB100073






FTA Starter Kit 1/PK WB120067

CloneSaver Starter 1/PK WB120052

FTA DMPK IND Starter Pack 1 PK WB120225

FTA DMPK Starter Pack 1 PK WB129248

FTA Plant Starter Kit 1 PK WB120068

Cutting Mat 15 × 20 cm 1/PK WB100020

Cutting Mat 2.5 × 3 in 1/PK WB100088

Manual punch tools and accessories

29


30

Automated punching and liquid handling system

Automated processing of FTA cards

For high throughput laboratories, GE and Hamilton Robotics have partnered to offer an automation solution that combines both punching and liquid handling onto a single robotic platform using Whatman FTA cards and magazines. The system automatically picks and punches up to 200 FTA cards per run into a 96 well format. The integrated liquid handler can add direct amplification STR reagents to further speed up your lab processes.

Fully automated punching of FTA cards

Regardless of PCR method, either Punch-In or Direct Amplification, one of the bottlenecks of current forensic databasing workflows is the individual instruments required for punching and liquid handling, impairing process robustness and throughput. The easyPunch, combined with FTA cards, will help the lab address these bottlenecks. The easyPunch system is based on the Hamilton Robotics Microlab® STARlet platform and features two special modules for transporting and punching paper cards. It includes a user-changeable punch head (available for 1.2, 2.0, 3.0 or 6.0 mm punches), a powerful imaging software, allowing image analysis and tracking of a variety of sample spots, and integrated sample tracking. The modular nature allows for integration of other devices such as a centrifuge and a plate sealer, thus potentially integrating the entire workflow.

Integrated workflow designed for use with Whatman FTA cards and EasiCollect Device

The easyPunch system has been validated for use with Whatman FTA cards and the EasiCollect device. To help with punch success, the instrument utilizes magazines designed specifically for large format FTA cards and EasiCollect device cards. The magazines hold FTA cards for collection by the gripper that is housed inside the easyPunch platform. The gripper transports cards and plates to the punching station and back. Gripper status is monitored by sensors during the run. Magazines are available to hold EasiCollect cards and large format FTA cards.

Prior to punching, imaging software allows not only sample recognition but also calculates the optimal punching position for both blood and colorless buccal samples according to preset parameters. Post-punch the system’s software analyzes the plate for punch location and notifies the user if there is no punch in the well.

Sample tracking

To help maintain chain of custody, all labware is loaded using the auto load function built into the easyPunch system. This functionality enables the automatic reading of the barcodes on the plates and magazines. The barcode on each card is read during the punching process. It is connected to the position in the magazine and the position of the punch in the receiving plate. The latter is verified by imaging, ensuring sample continuity.

The output file containing this information can be imported into a LIMS system. This capability allows full traceability of all samples within the system. Cards may be stored in the magazines until the result is verified. If a punching error has occurred with individual cards, information on the position of the card could be used to reprocess these cards.


Hamilton Robotics Microlab STARlet platform

easyPunch as seen with Whatman FTA cards

easyPunch moving a large format Whatman FTA card

Hamilton Robotics Microlab STARlet platform

easyPunch as seen with Whatman FTA cards

31

DNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis System is a fully automated STR profiling system with integrated data analysis and Expert System software.

System components include:

• DNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis System instrument with touch screen computer interface

• Integrated software for instrument control, data collection, quality control and Expert System STR analysis of sample files

• NetBio BioChipSet Cassette — “all-in-one” disposable cassette

• DNAscan Collection Kits for collection of buccal samples

Key features of DNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis System

Rapid DNA analysis: Process up to five (5) single-source DNA samples simultaneously in 90–100 minutes. An allelic ladder is provided with every run, and an internal lane standard is provided for every sample.

Fully integrated lab-on-a-chip: From sample in to result out — the system performs fully automated purification, PCR amplification, electrophoresis, and Expert System data analysis to generate an STR profile. The system’s small footprint enables benchtop installation; no pre- and post-PCR laboratory needed.

Ease of use: All reagents and materials are factory pre-loaded in the disposable “all-in-one” NetBio BioChipSet Cassette. The cassettes can be stored at room temperature, eliminating the need for freezers and refrigerators.

Closed system: Since there is no direct contact between the instrument and the sample and reagents, no flushing or cleaning of lines is needed. All waste is contained within the disposable cassette.

Contamination control: Specialized collection swabs seal and lock into the cassette to minimize the potential for cross-contamination and sample mix-up.

Secure: On-board security and RFID tagging supports the need to maintain data privacy and tracks chain of custody.

Instrument design

• DNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis System with NetBio BioChipSet Cassette performs the entire DNA analysis process from sample in to results out in a single, compact bench-top unit. A color touch screen with step-by-step directions serves as the user interface for the system. The robustness of the design supports portability to relocate the system as required without the need for recalibration.

DNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis System

DNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis System

DNAscanGE technology

Insertion of loaded NetBio BioChipSet Cassette

Key lock

RFID readerSide handles

32


• Dust shielding, internal vibration control, and pneumatic movement increase durability and ruggedization, enabling the system to meet military 810F ruggedization standards. The system has undergone drop, shock, vibration, and environmental change testing.

• Dual RFID readers and a key lock provide system security, chain of custody, and data integrity.

• Side handles are ergonomically designed to assist with system relocation (two-person lift).

NetBio Cassette design• The single-use, disposable NetBio BioChipSet Cassette includes

all reagents and components required to perform STR analysis, including DNA purification chemistries, optimized STR reagents, buffers, and separation polymer.

• All reagents have been optimized for the microfluidic environment to ensure consistent, balanced, and precise results.

• Electrophoretic separation channels are molded into the single-use cassette, eliminating the potential for clogged capillaries.

• Pneumatic movement of reagents minimizes the system’s moving parts, increasing ruggedization, reliability, and data quality.

• NetBio BioChipSet Cassettes are designed for room temperature storage. To reduce storage space, cartridges can be stored on a shelf or closet without the need for freezers, refrigerators, and a back-up power supply.

STR reagentsNetBio BioChipSet Cassette includes lyophilized STR reagents from PowerPlex 16 System (Promega Corp; CODIS core 13 loci plus Amelogenin, Penta D, and Penta E). Reagents have been optimized for performance on DNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis System; however, primer sequences have been fully maintained to enable 100% genotype concordance with PowerPlex 16 System. Additional STR assays are in development.

Instrument consumablesThe system is designed for use with NetBio BioChipSet Cassettes and DNAscan Collection Kits. NetBio BioChipSet Cassettes include all of the required reagents for sample analysis.

NetBio BioChipSet Cassette shown on the loading plate.

33

DNAscan Collection Kit components: DNAscan Collection Kits include everything needed to perform sample collection:

• Peelable barcodes, × 6

• Return Mailing envelope - Tyvek™ with security seal, 7.5” × 10.5”, × 1

• Instructions For Use (IFU) - downloadable demographic form available at www.gelifesciences.com/IDform, × 1

• 3.5” × 6.5” peel & stick (secondary) envelope, × 1

• Nitrile gloves - 1 pair, size Large

• NetBio BioChipSet Swab (includes protective tube), × 1

• EasiCollect device, × 1

Data Analysis and Expert System softwareTo complement the instrument and cassette design, the system includes integrated HID-specific data collection software and Expert System secondary analysis software. Numerous system checks are built into the system start-up routine and operation steps to ensure proper functionality of the system. Once the swab samples have been introduced, the DNA analysis process starts and the system does not require further operator intervention. The user-friendly software helps streamline the training required.

The system’s Expert System software analyzes the data after run completion and provides real-time feedback on the usability of the STR profiles for database searching. Data output indicates whether the result of each lane is successful (full profile – laboratory defined) or failed. In all cases the output files are available for review by a forensic scientist.

• Output files provided include:

— .png for visualization of allele calls (electropherogram)

— .fsa for comparison using other HID software

— .cmf for compatibility with a CODIS database

— .xml file with allele tables

DNAscan Collection Kit

Fig 15. Electropherogram of an allelic ladder generated using DNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis System


34

Fig 16. Electropherogram of 9947A immortalized cell line generated using DNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis System.

Designed to meet current forensic quality standardsDNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis System provides data quality and concordance comparable to traditional STR analysis methods. The PCR components, primers, and protocols have been developed, optimized, and tested along with the DNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis System instrument and software to provide robust and reliable amplification.

Product Quantity Product code

DNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis System 1 Unit 29022852

High DNA Content PP16 BioChipSet Cassette 1 Cassette NB-BCS-0001

DNAscan Collection Kits 30 Kits 29022854


GE Healthcare UK Limited, Amersham Place, Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, HP7 9NA, UK

DNAscan Rapid DNA Analysis System is for forensic and research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

GE and GE monogram are trademarks of General Electric Company. Benchkote, CloneSaver, DNAscan, EasiCollect, FTA, Uni-Core, and Whatman are trademarks of General Electric Company or one of its subsidiaries. 903 is a trademark of Eastern Business Forms, Inc. ABI PRISM, AmpFLSTR, COfiler, GeneMapper, Identifiler, and Profiler Plus are trademarks of Applied Biosystems, LLC. BioChipSet, NetBio, and Rapid DNA Analysis are trademarks of NetBio, Inc. Chelex is a trademark of Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. easyPunch and Microlab are registered trademarks of Hamilton Company. Experion is a trademark of Honeywell International, Inc. DNA IQ, PowerPlex, and Promega are trademarks of Promega Corporation. QIAamp is a trademark of QIAGEN. Tyvek is a trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Corporation. All other third party trademarks are the property of their respective owner.

© 2011–2015 General Electric Company—All right reserved. First published Sept 2011.All goods and services are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale of the company within GE Healthcare which supplies them. A copy of these terms and conditions is available on request. Contact your local GE Healthcare representative for the most current information.

GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, Björkgatan 30, 751 84 Uppsala, SwedenGE Healthcare Europe, GmbH, Munzinger Strasse 5, D-79111 Freiburg, GermanyGE Healthcare Bio-Sciences Corp., 800 Centennial Avenue, P.O. Box 1327, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1327 USAGE Healthcare Japan Corporation, Sanken Bldg., 3-25-1, Hyakunincho Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073 Japan

29005583 AC 06/2015

www.gelifesciences.com/forensics

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Your forensic samples. Our experience and support. · Your forensic samples, our experience and support Contents. 3 GE technology ... (cheek) cells. Sample punching In addition to